unit 1新编英语教程第三版 第二册

Unit 1 Language Structures
Main Teaching Points: The Passive Sentence
1.involving the moral auxiliary have to
e.g. The pupils should be told that their homework has to be checked before they hand it in.
2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and indirect object
e.g. She isn’t paid anything for overtime.
3. involving the verb phrase/ phrasal verb
e.g. I don’t think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap.
4. from by the They say/It is said …patterns
e.g. They say/ It is said that three parks will be expanded.
Language Points:
1.scratch: (at sth.) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching;挠，
搔（痒处）; to make or remove a mark刮出（或刮去）痕迹；（sb./sth.）(from sth.)to decide that sth. cannot happen or sb./sth. cannot take part in sth., before it starts.取消，撤销，退出
e.g. 1) The dog scratched itself behind the ear.
2)I’d scratched my leg and it was bleeding.
3)Be careful not to scratch the furniture.
4)His pen scratched away on the paper.
5)to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划
6)She has scratched because of a knee injury.
2. turn sb./sth. down: to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it.拒绝，顶回（提议、建议或提议人）；to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把…调低；关小
e.g.1)He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.
2)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down.
3)Please turn the volume down.音量调低。

3. look down on sb./sth.: to think that you are better than sb./ sth.蔑视，轻视，瞧不起
e.g. She looks down on people who haven’t
been to college.
look sb. up and down: to look at sb. in a careful or critical way上下仔细打量，挑剔地审视某人
(not) look yourself :to not have your normal healthy appearance气色不像往常那样好
e.g. You’re not looking yourself today.=You lo ok tired or ill/sick.
Dialogue The Olympic Games
A. Listening to the recording
B. Questions on the dialogue
1.Where did the ancient Olympic Games originate?
2.Who participated in the ancient Olympic Games?
3.What is one of the most popular myths about the origin of the Olympic Games?
4.When were the Olympic Games abolished?
5.Was Pierre’s attempt of reviving the Games warmly welcomed by the people? C．L anguage Points
1. originate v. begin to happen or exist开始，发源；be the creator of 创始originate in/ from/with…起源于…；产生于…
e.g. 1) Olympic Games originated from the ancient Greeks.
2) The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding.
3) It’s said that the theory of evolution was not originated by Darwin.
2. shroud v. wrap with a shroud以尸布包裹；cover or hide sth. 覆盖；遮蔽n. a cloth used for wrapping a dead body尸布；寿衣；sth. that covers or hides 覆盖物，遮盖物
e.g. 1) The origin of the universe is still shrouded in mystery.
2) Traditionally Arabian women have to shroud themselves in a veil when they are outside.
3) The mountain was wrapped in a shroud of cloud.
a shroud of fog/ mist 一片浓雾
be shrouded in darkness 笼罩在黑暗之中
3. progenitor n. (formal) 人或动植物的祖先，祖代；创始人，先驱
e.g. 1) He was the progenitor of a family of distinguished actors.他是一个著名演艺世家的先辈。

2）the progenitors of modern art
4.zenith n. 天顶；the highest point (of power, prosperity, etc.); the time when sth. is most successful(权力、繁荣等的)顶点；巅峰
e.g. 1) The sun is well past zenith after twelve o’clock.
2）The Roman Empire at its zenith conquered almost the whole Europe.
3) He reached the absolute zenith of his career in his forties.
5.decline v. to become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc.减少，下降，衰退，衰弱; (formal) to refuse politely to accept or to do sth.谢绝，婉言拒绝
e.g. 1) Support for the party continues to decline.
2) His health was declining rapidly.
3) I offered to give them a lift but they declined.
4）to decline an offer/invitation
5) a rapid/ sharp/ gradual decline迅速/急剧/逐渐下降
6. abolish v. put an end to; end the existence of (a custom, an institution, etc.)废除
e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic were abolished after the Roman Empire came to dominate ancient Greece.
2) The death penalty has been abolished in many countries.
7.revive v. come or bring back to health or consciousness（使）复活，苏醒；复兴
e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic Games revived during the 19th century.
2) The brandy soon revived the fainted woman.
3) Our falling hopes revived at the appearance of the reinforcements.
援军的出现燃起了我们原本破灭的希望。

8. scale n. relative size, extent, etc. 规模；(pl.) balance or instrument for weighing 天平；磅秤 v.
on a large scale大规模地
to scale 按比例
social scale 社会等级
a pair of scales 一台天平秤
scale sth, down/up 缩减（增加）某物
e.g. 1) The nuclear leak caused pollution on a massive scale.
2) With the market demand subciding, we decided to scale down the car production.随着市场需求的减少，我们决定缩小汽车的生产规模。

3) Who is the first one to scale the Mount Chomolungma?
9. enthusiasm n. strong feeling or admiration or interest ; great eagerness 热情，热心enthusiasm for/ about sth. 对…的热情
an outburst of enthusiasm 一阵狂热
e.g. 1) My initial enthusiasm for jogging is wearing of
f.
2)Human being’s enthusiasm for space exploitation has never been blunted by any failures.
3) Music is one of his great enthusiasm.
D. Outline for Retelling
A is supposed to write an essay on the Olympic Games, and B, an Olympic expert, is helping A with it. They strike up a conversation about the Olympic Games.
1. A looks very worried, because he/ she knows very little about the Olympic Games.
2. B comes to help A.
3. A asks B a number of questions about the Games.
4. B tells A all that he/she knows about it.
Reading I Two Kinds of Football
A. Background Information
Do you know there are two kinds of football games? One is American football game, the other is soccer. In China many young men like playing soccer, it’s very popular in China. But the Chinese don’t call it soccer, they call it football. There are 11 players in a team. And the ball is round. Only the goal-keeper can play the ball with hands. The other players must play the ball with feet.
In America soccer is not popular. They like playing American football more than playing soccer. There are 11 players in a team. The ball isn’t round. All the players can play the ball with hands and feet. And the goal(球门) is bigger than the goal of soccer. American football is different from soccer.
B. Questions on P9.
C. Language Points:
1.luxurious a. very expensive, beautiful, and comfortable奢侈的，极为舒适的
luxuriously adv. luxuriousness n.
e.g. 1) This is our luxurious car of the year.
2) Jim took a long luxurious bath when he came back home.
3)He cannot afford his luxurious life after losing the job.
2.opponent n. sb. who is against another person in a fight, a game or an argument对手；sb. who is against sth. 反对者
e.g. 1) Teams are always named after fierce creatures thus intimidating their opponents.
2) He is a worthy opponent and you should try your best at this fight.
3) Opponents of abortion have held a demonstration this month.
P8 competitor, enemy, foe, opponent, rival辨析
3.reputation n. general opinion about one’s abilities, qualities, etc.名誉，名声
has a reputation for…以…出名
establish/build up/make a reputation树立名声
lose/ruin one’s reputation 名声扫地
live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名；名不虚传
by reputation 出了名地
e.g. 1) That country has a bad reputation for football.
2) The reputation of Murdoch’s media company has been badly withered by the phone hacking scandal.
3) Mrs Bennet was by reputation a busy-body.
4.addict v. cause sb. become dependent on sth.使沉溺于…
sb. who is unable to stop taking drugs, alcohol , etc .瘾君子；sb. strongly interested in sth.对某事物极感兴趣物
e.g. 1) He is hopelessly addicted to video games.
2) He addicted himself to gambling after losing the job.
3) A football addict shall never miss the exciting moments of the World Cup.
5. craze n. a very popular fashion that only lasts for a very short period of time时尚；时髦的东西；enthusiastic interest in sth.
craze for 对…的狂热
a passing craze 一时的狂热
real estate craze房地产热
e.g. 1) The pin craze has swept the Expo Park.
2) Walking is the latest fitness craze.
3) He has a strange craze for collecting matches.
6.take up: become interested in sth. and spend time doing it; begin to work at sth.开
始从事; use a particular amount
7.take up: become interested in sth. and spend time doing it; begin to work at sth.开
始从事；use a particular amount of time, space, or effort占用（空间，时间或精力）
e.g.1) Once we take something up, we should do it wholeheartedly.
2) Do you know the story of Lu Xun’s dropping medicine and tak ing up writing?
3) The bed takes up too much room.
8.spread like wildfire: become widely known, felt or suffered very quickly; spread
very fast野火般蔓延；传播的很快
e.g. 1) Measles is spreading like wildfire in the earthquake area.
2)Rumors about the writer’s death spread like wildfire in the internet.
3) Riots in London tended to spread like wildfire through Britain.
9. gain on: gradually get closer to; catch up with逼近；超过
e.g. 1) The enemy is gaining on us.
2)Basketball is gaining in popularity on football in US.
10. spectator n. sb. Who watches a show or a game, etc.
e.g.1) Thousands of spectators came to their feet and cheered the excellent shot.
2) The stadium can hold 80,000 spectators.
spec(=look,看)+tator(人)：看得人---观众
词根spec/spic(=to look at or behold)意为“看”
e.g. spectacular 壮观的inspect 检查
spectacles 眼镜conspicuous 显眼的
suspect 怀疑retrospect 回顾
circumspect 谨慎的
11. at…expense: with a lot of, little, no, etc. money being spent花费很大（很小或无花费）
at one’s expense 由某人付钱；嘲弄某人
at the expense of sth.以…为代价
e.g.1) Then have hired excellent players at enormous expense to improve the strength of the team.
2) We can decorate the room at little expense, if we make the furniture by ourselves.
3)He felt life had played a joke at his expense.
12.promote v. raise sb. To a higher position提升；help the progress of; encourage or
support促进publicize sth. to sell it宣传促销；organize or finance sth.发起，创立
promotion n.晋升，促进；促销
promoter发起人；推动者
demote降级；降职
e.g.1)He has been promoted to general manager.
2)She is on a nationwide tour to promote her new album.
3)We shouldn’t promote economic growth at the expense of the environment.。