绝热设计工程规定介绍

中国寰球化学工程公司标准
工程规定
BCD ·PPCM.1-2001
绝热设计工程规定
（L －101C ）
版 号 A
受控号
发 布
BCD
2001年5月
说明：
1．文件版号为A、B、C......。

2．每版号中局部修改版次为1/A、2/A……，1/B、2/B……，1/C、2/C……。

本规定（BCD· PPCM.1-2001）自 2001 年 5 月实施
BCD·PPCM.1-2001 绝热设计工程规定第 1 页共 1页
目录
1.目的和适用范围 (1)
1.1目的 (1)
1.2适用范围 (1)
2.附件1：绝热设计工程规定 (1)
附件2：ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION FOR
THERMAL INSULATION DESIGN (1)
BCD·PPCM.1-2001 绝热设计工程规定第 1 页共 1页1．目的和适用范围
1.1目的
为达到控制和保证管道绝热设计质量的目的及现场施工的有关要求，根据国内及国际通行的规定和习惯作法，参照一些国际工程公司的有关规定，特制定本规定。

1.2 适用范围
本规定的附件1，适用于国内有关工程项目的绝热设计工程规定；
本规定的附件2，适用于国外有关工程项目的绝热设计工程规定。

2．附件
附件1：绝热设计工程规定
附件2：ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION FOR THERMAL INSULATION DESIGN
附件1 绝热设计工程规定
绝热设计工程规定
（L-101C）
目录
1. 总则 (1)
1.1 目的 (1)
1.2 范围 (1)
1.3 规范和标准 (1)
1.4 单位 (1)
1.5 限定 (1)
2. 设计 (1)
2.1 绝热分类和设计原则 (1)
2.2 保温 (3)
2.3 人身防护 (3)
2.4 保冷 (3)
2.5 防结露 (3)
2.6 绝热厚度 (3)
3．材料 (3)
3.1 总则 (3)
3.2 保温及人身防护材料 (4)
3.3 保冷材料 (8)
3.4 防湿材料 (10)
3.5 保护层材料 (10)
3.6 紧固件材料 (10)
3.7 其它材料 (12)
4．保温范围 (13)
4.1 设备和管道 (13)
4.2 人孔和手孔 (14)
4.3 管壳式换热器 (14)
4.4 管道特殊件和通用件 (14)
5．其它 (15)
6．附录（举例说明） (16)
6.1 表1：保温经济厚度 (16)
6.2 表2：人身防护经济厚度 (19)
6.3 表3：保冷厚度 (22)
1. 总则
1.1 目的
本规定包括了在XXXX项目中，对于热和冷的介质保温层的设计和材料要求。

1.2 范围
本规定适用于P&I图和公用工程流程图中标注的设备和管道的绝热，不包括仪表、电气和通风等专业的管线设备(如加热炉等)内部绝热设计。

成套供货设备及自身管道系统则根据设备制造商的标准设计。

1.3 规范和标准
对温度为-196~850℃的保温(绝热)和人身防护，材料将满足买方的应用要求，常用规范和标准如下：
SH 3010 石油化工设备和管道隔热设计规范
GBJ 126 工业设备及管道绝热工程施工及验收规范
GB 8175 设备及管道保温设计导则
GB 4272 设备及管道保温技术通则
GB/T 15586 设备及管道保冷设计导则
GB 11790 设备及管道保冷技术通则
GB 50264 工业设备及管道绝热工程设计规范
1.4 单位
除非另外说明，对于提交的图和文件，米（m），度（℃）和公斤（kg）单位将在测量系统中应用。

压力单位指定用SI制兆帕（MPa），管道元件的公称尺寸将用英制系列简写（″）或公制管系列。

1.5 限定
本规定涉及到材料的商品名称，用来描述材料要求的种类或质量，如有任何偏差，必须以书面形式提交中国寰球化学工程公司认可。

2. 设计
2.1 绝热分类和设计原则
2.1.1在P&ID和UFD流程图及管线表中指出的绝热分类和符号如表2.1.1
表2.1.1 绝热分类和符号
2.1.2绝热厚度的计算、保温和人身防护，采用介质正常操作温度，保冷及防结露，采用最小操作流体温度。

2.1.3保温厚度的计算，当无特殊工艺要求时，采用“经济厚度”法计算，人身防护保温厚度按“表面温度法”计算，但保温层外表面的温度不得大于60℃。

2.1.4保冷层厚度的计算原则
(1)为减少冷量损失的保冷层，应采用“经济厚度法”计算厚度。

(2)为防止外表面结露的保冷层应采用“表面温度法”计算厚度。

(3)工艺上允许一定量冷损失的保冷层，应用“热平衡法”计算厚度。

校核外表的温度应高于露点温度1~3℃。

2.1.5对设备和管道的管口和其它突起部分（包括钢结构部件），绝热厚度一般将根据上述同样方法决定。

2.2保温
2.2.1保温一般应用在操作温度在50~850℃的设备和管道上，要求有热损失的地方除外。

当需要严格限定热损失量时，采用充分保温，即使操作温度低于50℃，也要考虑。

2.2.2当设备和管道带有耐火材料或保温材料衬里时，不需要外部保温，金属温度必须被控制时除外。

2.3人身防护
2.3.1人身防护应用于操作温度在60℃及以上，下述操作规程区域内不保温的设备和管道上，因操作人员作业时可能会偶然与这些区域接触。

（1）从地面或楼面2100mm高以内。

（2）超出平台或走道边缘750mm以内的距离。

2.3.2当需要消耗热量时，护罩或挡板也可用来代替人身防护。

2.4保冷
2.4.1保冷应用于操作温度低于10℃的设备和管道上，需要吸热的设备和管道除外。

2.5防结露
2.5.1防结露应用于操作温度高于10℃，又低于环境温度时，且设备和管道湿气冷凝表面将产生下述有害影响时。

（1）表面冷凝，滴液对电气设施有危害时。

（2）表面冷凝，滴液对某些设备有危害时。

（3）表面冷凝使工作人员不舒服。

2.6 绝热厚度
2.6.1对保温，人身防护和保冷额定的绝热厚度将根据GB50264-97《工业设备及管道绝热设计规范》计算。

2.6.2当设计条件与表中不符时，绝热厚度将取决于合同依据的特定条件。

2.6.3保温和保冷的最小厚度是30mm。

2.6.4塔的内部温度随高度而变化，绝热厚度也相应变化。

3. 材料
3.1 总则：材料一般应按照指定标准或相当的买方标准，考虑如下因素：
——材料应能耐介质温度。

——材料吸湿后应不变形。

——材料应不腐蚀设备和管道表面。

——材料应易于施工。

BCD•PPCM.1-2001 绝热设计工程规定第 4页共 17页
3.2 保温及人身防护材料
3.2.1保温及人身防护材料的应用规定见表3.2.1
表3.2.1保温及人身防护材料
注：与奥氏体不锈钢表面接触的绝热材料应符合GBJ126《工业设备及管道绝热工程施工及验收规范》要求。

3.2.2保温及人身防护材料特性及用途见表3.2.2－1岩棉及矿渣棉制品；表3.2.2－2硅酸铝制品；表3.2.2－3硅酸钙制品。

表3.2.2－1 岩棉及矿渣棉制品
表3.2.2－2 硅酸铝制品
BCD•PPCM.1-2001 绝热设计工程规定第 7页共 17页表3.2.2－3 硅酸钙制品
BCD•PPCM.1-2001 绝热设计工程规定第 8页共 17页
3.3 保冷材料
常用保冷材料的应用见表3.3－1; 常用保冷材料的特性见表3.3－2。

表3.3－1 常用保冷材料的应用
tcp: 平均温度；泡沫聚氨酯材料标准规定最高使用温度-180~100℃，但用于
-65℃以下的特级聚氨酯性能应与厂商协商。

BCD•PPCM.1-2001 绝热设计工程规定第 9页共 17页表3.3－2 常用保冷材料特性
3.4 防结露材料
防结露材料的应用规定参照3.3条。

3.5 保护层材料
保护层材料的应用见表3.5。

表3.5 保护层材料的应用
2、一般不推荐采用非金属材料做保护层。

3、用户有特定要求时也可采用不锈钢保护层。

3.6 紧固件材料
绝热层紧固材料的规定和应用见表3.6－1；绝热保护层紧固材料的规定和应用见表3.6－2。

表3.6－1 绝热层紧固材料的规定和应用
2、当操作温度>370℃奥氏体不锈钢表面的保温材料及保温保护层为不锈钢
时，使用不锈钢丝和钢带。

表3.6－2 绝热保护层紧固材料的规定和应用
使用不锈钢丝和钢带。

3.7 其它材料
保温辅助材料规定见表3.7－1；保冷辅助材料规定见表3.7－2。

表3.7－1 保温辅助材料规定
表3.7－2 保冷辅助材料规定
4. 绝热范围
4.1 设备和管道
4.1.1除非另外指定，下列设备及其部件将不绝热。

(1) 泵的操作温度低于230℃,且没有蒸汽伴热，泵的操作温度在230℃及以上时不保温,否则将引起不良影响,泵的操作温度在0℃及以上时,不保冷。

(2) 有可移动的部件如膨胀节、旋转节、滑动阀等。

(3) 鼓风机及压缩机。

(4) 柔性接头、软管活接头、蒸汽疏水器、吹扫接头、过滤器和安全阀的出口管线。

(5) 法兰和阀门在蒸汽管线压力为0.169MPa.g及以下时。

(6) 临时过滤器的法兰。

(7)管壳的支架、导向架、吊架。

(8)用于人身防护的人孔和手孔。

4.1.2管口、法兰和阀门，包括放空及排净阀的绝热与所在管线相同，除4.1.1节说明之外。

阀门的阀盖和填料压盖也应绝热。

除了压盖热圈应留出可调节部分外，球阀和旋塞阀的绝热不能覆盖止动器和销，无论是阀门本身的绝热还是邻近管道和
附件的绝热层均不能限制手柄操作。

4.2 人孔和手孔
4.2.1保温设备
(1) 从70℃至177℃，人孔和手孔盖上应保温。

(2) 大于177℃，应全部保温，且人孔和手孔盖可移动。

4.2.2保冷设备应全部保冷，且人孔和手孔盖可移动。

4.3 管壳式换热器
4.3.1保温
(1) ≤ 70℃时法兰和管箱不保温。

(2) 从70℃至177℃法兰体不保温，壳盖法兰表面，管箱筒体段、壳体应保温，需要拆卸法兰的螺栓允许露在外面,不保温。

(3) 温度高于177℃保温将覆盖整个设备，且壳盖法兰和可拆卸。

管箱的冷凝段如温度低于177℃，将按上述4.3.1b保温。

4.3.2保冷：保冷将覆盖整个设备，但应使壳盖法兰可拆卸。

4.4 管道特殊件和通用件
4.4.1管道特殊件，除4.1.1节外，一般均将绝热。

4.4.2蒸汽疏水器和其出口管线，其排放的热量要回收时，需要保温。

当需要做防冻保护时其在图中有规定的管线也应保温。

4.4.3对支架、裙座、支腿转弯处，以及保冷管和设备不保温的支管，绝热将从设备及管子表面延伸至绝热层厚度大约4倍的距离。

4.4.4容器裙座保温应用如下：
(1)防火裙座，保温应紧接到临近的防火层上。

(2) 不需防火裙座，保温应从容器切线以下0.305m处支撑环开始。

4.4.5在管道和设备上的检验牌，铭牌等，应露出来以便观察，所有开孔和边缘部分必须做防风雨处理。

5. 其它
5.1 接缝处的绝热层应紧密对接在一起，双层结构的接缝应交错。

对保冷、绝热层不允许有大的间隙和裂缝，正常的间隙应通过重新调整或替换一节绝热层来消除。

绝热裂缝和间隙应用绝热水泥充填，对于泡沫玻璃绝热层在管线温度低于93℃时所有对接边缘及端部应涂密封剂。

5.2 绝热表面操作温度分别在149℃以上和-18℃以下时，对绝热层之间不同的膨胀和收缩要加膨胀节和收缩节。

5.3 管道特殊件的绝热与相应尺寸的阀门相类似，膨胀节的保温，要用保温毡缠绕连接点与相邻管道绑扎。

BCD•PPCM.1-2001 绝热设计工程规定第 14页共 17页
5.4 设备法兰口的绝热要能拆卸及再安装，以便于切断管道与它的联系。

5.5 法兰周围空隙、法兰式阀门、换热器管箱等将充填绝热毡。

5.6 人身防护，在下列情况下绝热层可以由1″× 1″× 16 BWG镀锌铁丝构成的
铁丝网代替。

BWG：伯明翰线规。

(1) 法兰和法兰式阀门（保温管线上）不需要绝热时。

(2) 操作温度在70℃～177℃之间的热设备通道。

(3) 换热器操作温度在70℃～177℃之间的阀盖法兰、管箱法兰、设备
管口。

保温类型为P 的设备，建筑挡板也可用来代替铁丝网。

5.7 蒸汽伴热管即从蒸汽集气管到伴热管线和从伴热管线到蒸汽疏水器将要保温。

5.8 如果需要，限流孔板法兰采用可拆装的绝热。

6. 附录
根据项目设计输入条件所计算的保温厚度表；保冷厚度表；人身防护厚度表。

注：下述例子（附录A；附录B；附录C）仅为保温厚度表的格式，其具体的保温厚度需根据项目当地的各种条件计算并附在本规定后。

附录（举例说明）
表.A 保温经济厚度表 (MM) 单层 (抚顺地区)
岩棉管壳导热系数：λ=0.041+0.00026(tcp-70)(W/m.℃)
岩棉板导热系数：λ=0.041+0.00023(tcp-70)(W/m.℃) （tcp:平均温度）
表.B 人身防护厚度表 (MM) (抚顺地区)
导热系数：岩棉管壳：λ=0.041+0.00026(tcp-70)
岩棉板：λ=0.041+0.00023(tcp-70)(W/m.℃) （tcp:平均温度）
表.C . 泡沫聚氨酯保冷厚度表 (抚顺地区)
单层环境温度=29.1℃相对湿度=80.0%，露点=25.3℃给热系数= 7.00 (kcal/m2.hr.℃) 温度公称管径单位：(MM)
℃1/2 3/4 1 1.1/2 2 2.1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 30 36 42 48 平面
20 10
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ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION THERMAL INSULATION DESIGN
（L-101C）
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
BCD·PPCM.1 (E) FOR THERMAL INSULATION DESIGN PAGE 1 OF 1
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL (1)
1.1 INTENT (1)
1.2 SCOPE (1)
1.3 CODES AND STANDARDS (1)
1.4 UNITS (1)
1.5 RESTRICTIONS (2)
2. DESIGN (2)
2.1 GENERAL (2)
2.2 HOT INSULATION (3)
2.4 COLD INSULATION (3)
2.5 ANTI-SWEAT INSULATION (3)
2.6 INSULATION THICKNESS (3)
3．MATERIAL (4)
3.1 GENERAL (4)
3.2 HOT AND PERSONNEL PROTECTION INSULATION MATERIALS (4)
3.3 COLD INSULATION MATERIALS (6)
3.4 ANTI-SWEAT INSULATION MATERIALS (6)
3.5 JACKETING MATERIALS (6)
3.6 FASTENING MATERIALS (6)
3.7 OTHER MATERIALS (7)
4．EXTENT OF INSULATION (8)
4.1 EQUIPMENT AND PIPING (8)
4.2 MANHOLES AND HANDHOLDS (9)
4.3 FOR SHELL AND TUBE EXCHANGERS (9)
4.4 SPECIAL ITEMS AND GENERAL PIPING (9)
5．MISCELLANEOUS (10)
1．GENERAL
1.1 Intent
This specification covers the requirements of the design and materials of the thermal insulation for hot and cold services in “xxxx” PROJECT.
1.2 Scope
This specification shall be applied to the thermal insulation for equipment and piping show on the P&I diagram and utility flow diagram, but not to the insulation
to be supplied by manufacturer complete with equipment.
1.3 Codes and Standards
Materials shall meet the requirements of applicable Client standard for hot insulation for temperature up to 600o C and personnel protection insulation, but applicable American Society for Testing and Materials standard (ASTM or GB&SH) for cold insulation.
ASTM B209M Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and plate
ASTM C547 Code for thermal insulation of slag wool pipe cover
ASTM C552 Code for thermal insulation of Foamed glass Material
ASTM C591 Code for thermal insulation of foamed polyurethane for rigid materials
ASTM C592 Code of thermal insulation for slag Fiber soft blanket and pipe cover SH3010 Specification for the insulation of equipment and pipe for petrochemical industry
GBJ126 Construction and inspection for insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipe
GB8175 Guide for design of thermal insulation of equipments and pipes
GB4272 General principles for thermal insulation technique of equipments and pipes
GB11790 General principles for low-temperature insulation of equipment and pipes GB/T15586 Guide for design of low-temperature insulation of equipments and pipes
GB50264 Design code for insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipe 1.4 Units
Unless otherwise specified, Metric, Celsius, and Kilogram units shall be applied as the measurement system for the drawings and documents to be submitted, however pressure shall be specified in unit (MPa). Nominal sizes of piping components shall be specified in INCH system (") or Metric system(DN).
1.5 Restrictions
Where materials are referred to by trade names within this specification, the use of such names is intended to describe the kind or quality of the materials required and any deviation must be submitted in writing for HQCEC'S approval.
2．DESIGN
2.1 General
2.1.1 Classification of thermal insulation and symbols to be indicated on the Engineering Drawing, P&I diagram and Piping Line Schedule are as follows:
in Specific Job Requirement, if required.
2.1.2 The calculation of insulation thickness shall be based on normal operating inside fluid temperature in case of hot and personnel protection insulation, whereas it shall be based on minimum operating inside fluid temperature in case of cold and anti-sweat insulation.
2.1.3 Thickness of the insulation on the nozzles and other protrusions (including parts of structure) around equipment and piping shall generally be determined in the same way as stated in par. 2.1.2.
2.1.4 Thermal conductivity of hot and personnel protection insulation materials shall be in accordance with specified in the Table specified in par.
3.2.
2.2 Hot Insulation
2.2.1 Hot insulation shall generally be applied to equipment and piping operating at 100 o C and above, except for the case where heat loss is desired.
Where heat loss is to be restricted, however, full heat conservation insulation (HO) shall be applied, even when the operating temperature is below 100 o C.
2.2.2 For equipment and piping with inside lining of refractory or insulating materials, external insulation shall not be applied, except for the case where the metal temperature must be controlled.
2.3 Personnel Protection Insulation
2.3.1 Personnel protection insulation shall be applied to uninsulated equipment and piping operating at 60o C and above, within the area shown below, where operators, while working, might inadvertently come into contact with them.
(1) Within 2100 mm height from ground or floor level.
(2) Within 750 mm distance beyond the edge of platform or walkway.
2.3.2 Shield or guard may be provided in lieu of insulation for personnel protection, where
a dissipation of heat is desirable.
2.4 Cold Insulation
2.4.1 Cold insulation shall be applied to equipment and piping operating at 10 o C and below, unless a heat gain is desired.
2.5 Anti-Sweat Insulation
2.5.1 Anti-sweat insulation (A) shall be applied to equipment and piping operating at over 10 o C but below the ambient temperature, if surface condensation of moisture would give adverse effect as shown below.
(1) Electrical hazard
(2) Damage to equipment
(3) Surface condensation giving discomfort to working personnel.
2.6 Insulation Thickness
2.6.1 The nominal insulation thickness for hot service, personnel protection and cold service shall be calculated in accordance with GB50264 (Design code for insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipe) .
2.6.2 When design conditions are different from those on the tables, insulation thickness shall be determined for the specific condition on the contract basis.
2.6.3 Minimum thickness of hot and cold insulation shall be 30 mm.
2.6.4 For towers in which inside temperature varies with height, insulation thickness shall be varied accordingly.
3．MATERIAL
3.1 General
Material shall generally be in accordance with specified standard or applicable Manufacture's standard in consideration of the following:
●The materials shall be endurable to the service temperature.
●The materials shall not deform as a result of absorbing moisture.
●The materials shall not be corrosive against equipment and piping surface.
●The materials shall be easy to work with.
●If get in touch with austenitic stainless steel, the Chlorion content in material
shall lower than specified in accordance with ASTM C795 (standard specification for thermal insulation) or GBJ126 (code for construction and acceptance for insulation engineering of industrial equipment and pipe).
3.2 Hot and Personnel Protection Insulation Materials
3.2.1 Specification and standard application of hot and personnel protection insulation materials shall be as follows:
GB50264, when applied on austenitic stainless steel surfaces.
3.2.2Properties of hot insulation and personnel protection materials shall be as follows:
3.3 Cold Insulation Materials
Specification and standard application of cold insulation materials shall be as follows:
3.4 Anti-Sweat Insulation Materials
Specification and standard application of anti-sweat insulation material shall generally be as per Par. 3.3.
3.5 Jacketing Materials
Specification and standard application of insulation jacketing material shall be as follows:
3.6 Fastening Materials
3.6.1Specification and standard application of fastening for insulation materials shall be as
3.6.2 Specification and standard application of fastening for jacketing materials shall be as follows:
3.7 Other Materials
3.7.1Specification and standard application of auxiliary materials for hot insulation shall be as follows:
3.7.2 Specification and standard application of auxiliary materials for cold insulation shall be as follows:
4．EXTENT OF INSULATION
4.1 Equipment and Piping
4.1.1 The following equipment and parts of equipment shall not be insulated unless otherwise specified.
(1) Pumps operating at below 230o C without steam tracing. Pumps operating at 230 o C and above shall not be hot-insulated, if insulation would cause undesirable effect. Pumps operating at 0 o C and above shall not be cold insulated.
(2) Parts having moving element, such as expansion and swivel joints, and sliding valves.
(3)Blowers and compressors
(4) Flexible connections, hose union, steam traps where heat of the drain is not to be recovered, blow-off connections, strainers, safety valves along with its outlet piping.
(5) Flanges where temporary strainers are provided
(6) Sections of shell and tube exchangers, as indicated in par. 4.3.
(7) Supports, guides and hangers for hot piping
4.1.2 Nozzles, flanges and valves including vent and drain valves shall be insulated to the same extent as the pipeline in which they are located, with the exceptions listed in par.
4.1.1. The bonnets and packing glands of valves shall be covered by the insulation, except that the gland follower shall be left accessible to permit adjustment. Insulation on ball valves and plug valves shall not cover the travel stop and pin nor shall it restrict the operability of the handle either by the insulation on the valve or adjacent piping or accessories.
4.2 Manholes and Handholes
4.2.1 Hot Equipment
(1) From 70 o C to 177 o C -insulation shall be applied on manway cover only.
(2) Above 177 o C -Manways shall be thoroughly insulated with removable covers.
4.2.2Cold Equipment - All manways shall be thoroughly insulated with removable covers.
4.3 For Shell and Tube Exchangers
4.3.1 Hot Insulation:
(1).Up to 70 o C flanges and channels shall not be insulated.
(2) From 70 o C to 177 o C -Body flanges shall not be insulated, but the face of the cover flange and the barrel section of the channel and shell shall be insulated and cut away to permit removal of the flange bolting. The face of the cover flange shall be insulated in a manner similar to manhole.
(3). Above 177o C Insulation shall cover the entire unit using removable covers over flanges and channels, channel sections of condensers, if below 177o C, shall be subject to the provisions of par.4.3.1 (2), above.
4.3.2 Cold Insulation- Insulation shall cover the entire unit using removable covers over flanges.
4.3.3 Insulation type P- wire cage or structural shield, as described in par,
5.
6.
4.4 Piping Specialities & General Piping
4.4.1 Piping Specialities, except as indicated in par. 4.1.1, shall normally be insulated.
4.4.2 Steam traps and the lines downstream of them shall be hot-insulated, when the heat of the drain is to be recovered, when prevention of freezing-up is necessary and when specified in the drawing.
4.4.3 For supports, skirts, legs, turnings and uninsulated branches for cold pipe and equipment, the insulation shall extend a distance from the surface of equipment or pipe for approximately four (4) times the insulation thickness.
4.4.4 Insulation in skirt-supported vessels shall be supplied as follows:
(1). Fireproofed skirt - the insulation shall be applied immediately above and adjacent to the fireproofing.
(2). Unfireproofed skirt - the insulation shall start at support ring 0.305 meter below the vessel tangent line.
4.4.5 Code inspection plates, nameplates, etc. on piping and equipment shall be blocked out so as to remain visible. All openings or edges shall be weatherproofed. 5．MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 Insulation shall be applied with joints tightly butted together. Joints of double layer construction shall be staggered. For cold piping, insulation which has large voids or cracks shall be rejected. Normal voids shall be eliminated by refitting or replacing sections of insulation. On hot piping, cracks and voids shall be filled with insulation cement. For cellular glass insulation used on lines below 93 o C, all butt edges and ends shall be buttered with a joint sealer.
5.2 Expansion and contraction joints shall be provided for differential expansion and contraction between the insulation and insulated surface operating at temperatures 149 o C and above, and -18℃ and below, respectively.
5.3 Insulation for piping specialities shall be applied in a similar manner to a valve of comparable size. Insulation on expansion joints, if required, shall consist of blanket insulation wrapped around the joint and banded to the adjacent piping.
5.4 Insulation on equipment flanged nozzles shall be applied so that the insulation may be removed and reinstalled in order to blind off the piping to which it is connected.
5.5 Voids surrounding flanges, flanged valves, exchanger channels, etc. shall be filled with blanket insulation.
5.6 In case of Personnel Protection insulation a wire cage made up of 1"⨯1"⨯16 BWG galvanized wire may be substituted for insulation in the following instances: (BWG:Birmingban wire gauge)
(1) Flanges and flanged valves (on insulated lines) which do not require insulation.
(2) Manways on hot equipment operating between 70 o C and 177 o C.
(3) Bonnet flanges, channel flanges and nozzles on exchangers operating between 70o C and 177 o C.
For equipment which requires insulation type P, a structural shield may be provided in lieu of the wire cage.
5.7 Steam tracing tubing runs from steam supply manifolds to the traced lines and from traced lines to the steam trap shall be insulated.
5.8 If required, Orifice flanges shall have removable insulation.。