懂你英语Lv5-Unit-3

L5 Unit 3-1 Listening
Sam alone has been working at the Ace Express for the past 6 years. Ace is shipping company based in Hong Kong. It ships the dangerous chemical to all parts of the world. Last year, Sam was promoted to Vice president. Along with the promotion, he was given a beautiful office. He was also given a 20% raise in salary. Sam is well-respected within the company and he likes the
co-workers. However, he wants to take on a new challenge and is looking for a change. If he stays at Ace, he does n’t see any change of another promotion. He is also beginning to worry about the company’s future. He thinks that there is high probability that the company will be acquired. If that happens, he may lose his job.
Last month, he started looking for a new job. According to his research, about 40% of job were found through acquaintances. So the first thing he did was to contact his closest friends. He let them know that he was looking for something new. Many of his friend acquaintances in a shipping businesses, many of other are in other industries. He also checked out several companies on the internet and updated his resume.
This morning, Sam got a message from a company based in Japan. It’s a medical supply company that wants to expand its business to China. They have a small office in Hong Kong and will be conducting interview next week. Sam is interested in learning more about the company, so he replied to their message and set up an interview. Even if it doesn’t work out, it would be a learning experience for him. In planning for the interview, Sam has made some notes about what to do at an interview. First, he needs to be well-prepared. He needs to know as much as we can about the company, including its history. He also needs to know how to present himself, including his appearance and body language. It has been years since his was last interviewed, so he needs to prepare to answer some questions about himself. For example, he needs to be able to explain what’s on his resume, including his strength and ski lls. In any interview situation, it’s important to look right and behave appropriately. He doesn’t want to give a bad first impression. For example, he should be careful not to talk too much. That means he should stay focus and keeps his comment short. Throughout the interview, he should observe the facial expression and make eye contact. It’s going to be important to listen carefully to what they say and keep things as relaxed as possible. He needs to remind himself that he is also interviewing them. He may find that their company isn’t right for him. Therefore, he should be ready to ask them questions, especially about their expectations. In an interview like this, both sides have the same concern. They don’t want to make the wrong choice.
Even if they want to hire him, the job may not be what he is looking for.
L5 Unit 3-1 vocabulary
Relaxed, to be calm and at peace, not anxious or tense. She was trying to relax but then she got a call from her boss. He hasn’t relaxed for a long time so he was exhaust ed and difficult to be around.
Arrogant, to have exaggerated the sense of one’s importance or abilities, the opposite of modest.
I wasn’t impressed by her arrogant attitude. Sometime the rich and powerful can be very arrogant and greedy.
Prejudiced, to have negative feeling towards something without good reason or experience. She has a prejudice against people who come from the countryside. As a company, we don’t allow prejudice of any kind, including race or religion differences.
Neutral, to be without prejudice and not take sides. We expect the judge of the trial to be neutral, and allow both sides to represent their evidence to the jury. The refugees in a match need to be neutral, so that the game is fair.
Proper or appropriate, the way we are suppose d to be. That kind of language isn’t appropriate in the situation because it doesn’t show respect. When he came to the interview, he was dress properly, so he made a bad impression.
Acquaintance, somebody know or met before. I’m contacting several of my acquaintances, to see if they know any of the job opportunities. I don’t know him well, but he is acquaintance of mine for a long time ago.
Appearance, how something looks, what something looks like. He could improve his appearance by buying some new clot hes. He doesn’t care about his appearance, so he doesn’t make a good impression.
Consequence, an outcome or results. Many forms of lives will become extinct as a consequence of global warming. One consequence of his drinking has been the poor quality of his work. Factor, something that affects or influences the end results. One factor that he needs be considered is his arrogant personality. Her health is one factor we can’t afford to ignore. Exception, to be unique or treated differently. Everyone has to be in the office before 9 o’clock, with the exception of the sales department. I’m sorry but I can’t make an exception and allow you bring your dog to the office.
People are worried because her arrogance is leading her to take many risks
The talks between the 2 countries are being held in a neutral location.
If she doesn’t find time to relax, she’s going to damage her health.
L5 Unit 3-1 dialogue
Guess what, I’ve got some news.
Oh, you mean about Jack
Yes, have you heard
Yes, Elisa messaged me a few minutes ago.
Is n’t it wonderful He’s been accepted to Stanford.
Really That’s not what I heard.
Oh, what have you heard
I heard he didn’t get in.
So it was just a rumor.
If that is what you heard, it isn’t true. He really wanted to get in but from what I heard, he’s just on the waiting list.
Oh, then there is still a chance that he will get in.
I guess so. But even if he gets it, how is he going to pay for it. it’s very expensive and his family isn’t wealthy.
Well, he can always get a student loan or maybe he’ll can get a scholarship.
If he gets a loan, it will be for a lot of money. He will be taking on a lot of debt.
Still, a degree from Stanford is worth a lot and I’ve heard that they had a lot of money for scholarships.
I wonder what h e’ll do. If he gets in, I hope he gets a scholarship.
What really do if he doesn’t get into Stanford. What are his other choices
The only other school I’ve heard him mention is Cambridge in England.
Oh, well, that’s not a choice.
What about you Have you heard about anything
Me, I’ll tell you if you promise not to tell anyone, OK
Sure, if it’s a secret, you can trust me.
I have been accepted in MIT on a full scholarship.
MIT! You’re joking, right
No, I’m serious.
Why haven’t you told anyone
I don’t kn ow. I think I will wait until everyone else has heard from their choices. I really didn’t expect I will get in.
Yeah, especially with a full scholarship. Some people will be jealous when they hear about it. but we all know that you are smart so are something you should be proud of.
Thanks, I really exciting.
I’m afraid this terrible news may affect influence their decision to support us.
L5 Unit 3-2 Listening
A flow chart like this one shows how a process begins and ends and the steps in between. The process can be of almost any kind, from manufacturing a tyre to creating an advertisement. Therefore, learning how to describe and explain a process in English is important. It’s important for teachers, engineers and people who provide customer’s suppor t. one process that we are all familiar with is our body’s circulatory system. This system provides oxygenated blood throughout the body and eliminates carbon dioxide which is a waste product. If something goes wrong with this system, we need to repair it quickly, or we die. So it’s important to understand it and keep it functioning properly.
First, the most important requirement for the system to work is a supply of air. Without fresh air with sufficient oxygen, the process won’t keep our healthy and alive. So the process begins by breathing in air which happens with long expand and drown in air. Once inside the lungs, oxygen in the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood. This exchange happens when blood cells release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen. This blood is now oxygenated blood which means it carries oxygen. To summarize, the process begins by inhaling air and oxygenating the blood. The oxygenated blood in lungs then flow back to the heart. The C O 2 which came from the blood is exhaled and the next circle begins.
Oxygenated blood in the lung flow in the heart. The blood which enters in a loop from the heart, carried carbon dioxide. Once the dioxide exchanged for the oxygen, the blood continues through the loop and exist into the heart. The oxygenated blood is then pumped to the rest of the body. As you can see, everything depends on the flow of blood to and from the heart. So how that the heart does this. First, the heart, which is a muscle has 4 chambers. From one chamber, blood is pumped to the lung. This is the blood that carry carbon dioxide. When oxygenated blood from the lungs comes back to the heart, it enters to another chamber. This chamber is called the left Atrium(左心房). From the left Atrium, the oxygenated blood is pumped to another chamber, the left Ventricle(左心室). The left ventricle then pumps the blood into the aorta(主动脉) which is the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the oxygenated blood passes through a network of smaller arteries throughout the entire body, including the brain. Blood returns to the heart through a system of veins and enters the upper right chamber, the right atrium.
Now that we understand a little about the circulatory system, we can add what we need to operate. Of course, it can’t operate without energy. This energy is supplied by another system, digestive system, which gets energy from food. And of course, this system need to be supported and controlled. Our skeletal system provide support and our muscular system provide control and movement. Wit hout support and movement, we couldn’t get the food for energy. Only plants can do this, because they had a completely different system, which gets energy directly from the sun.
To summarize, human’s body is like a huge, complex factory. The language we use to describe how it functions, is the same language we use to describe almost any industrial process. The vocabulary is different, but the processes, flows and logically relationships are almost identical. Think of some familiar process in your life for job, and see if you can describe and explain it in English
The process begins by inhaling air and oxygenating the blood.
L5 Unit 3-2 vocabulary
Maintain, to preserve or keep things as they are. Our quality is excellent, so your job is to main our high standards and improve it as you can. This historic build is very old and need to maintain. Disrupt, to cause disordered or confusion. Smartphones have disrupted the way we live our lives. Investors want to invent in company that disrupt the way things were done.
Settle, to calm things down or end the conflict disagreement. He is too upset to think clearly, so he needs to settle down. If we don’t agree, we have to go to court to settle our differences. Solve, to figure out or find the answer or solution to a problem. The problem is difficult so we need to find a way to solve it. we can’t solve that problem without using a computer.
Prove, to use an evidence or logic to support an idea. The police had to release him because they couldn’t prove that he com mitted a crime. The best way to prove something can be done is to do it.
Exchange, to swap or change one thing for another. When we buy something, we exchange money for the product. In human body, oxygen is exchanged for C O2 in the lungs. Cooperate, to work together or collaborate. Instead of competing with each other, we should cooperate. A good manager can get people cooperate, even if they are on different teams. Capture, to catch or hold something, the opposite of release. The prisoners escaped, but they were captured within a few days. In war, armies try to capture territory and defeat their enemies on the battlefield.
To distribute or share, to pass around or give to other unselfishly. One reason that a company is successful is that it has perfect sharing plans. After the earthquake, the army came and distributed the food and water to the survivors.
Eliminate, to get rid of or dispose of. Waste products must be eliminated from our bodies, or we will die. Teams were eliminated from the competition when they lost too many games.
L5 Unit 3-2 dialogue
How was the job interview
She did well, but she was so unattractive. I don’t think we should hire her, certainly not for a sale s position.
Do you really think so That seems so unfair. Why should looks have anything to do with it
It’s just a basic fact of life. Tall, beautiful people have an advantage.
May so, but we don’t have to support that way of thinking.
Look, we have a business to run. You want me to increase sale, right
Have you ever heard of Jack Ma
Sure, he is the founder of a huge company in China. I believe he is one of the richest people in the world.
He is not good looking at not, but look how successful he is.
Yes, but he is an exception.
He faced all kinds of prejudice, but he overcame it. I really admired him.
Perhaps, having to overcome obstacles like that made him stronger. Maybe he wouldn’t have been so successful if he were good looking. Have you thought of that
That may have been a factor, sure. But what about advertising Look at all the money companies pay for models in advertising.
You mean the use of beautiful or strange looking people.
Exactly, it’s all around us because it works. People notice it.
As far as I’m concern, it’s just a way of fooling people into buying t hings that they may not need. It’s all based on the appearance and I don’t like it.
I don’t disagree with you. But people don’t buy something because it’s good or bad. They buy something because it makes them feel good. Their decisions are based on their emotion not reason.
Is that why you buy things
Well, it depends on the product, but, yes, I guess I do. What about you
I try to find out about a product before I buy it. but in some cases, I’m no different from other people. I’m attracted to advertisement s that get my attention.
That’s my point. We want our sales people to attract attention and make people feel good.
Ok, but I’d like our company to do better. Let’s be creative and do something better.
I hear you but I think you’re being naïve.
If you t hink that woman was good, then let’s give her a chance.
Ok, I’ll give her a chance. And I respect. But I completely disagree with your decision.
I know and I thank you for your honest opinion.
The fact that he wasn’t good looking might have made him st ronger.
She thinks his decision to hire the woman isn’t realistic and goes against experience.
I’m attracted to the advertisement that get my attention
L5 Unit 3-3 Listening
Living conditions around the world, vary from country to country. other countries have very large economies, but the majority of their citizens are poor. Some countries have smaller economies, but the majority of their citizens are not poor. So the size of a country economy isn’t the only factor that determines how wealthy the citizens are. The sides of its population is also an important factor. Another factor how a country’s wealth is distributed between the rich and the poor.
Let’s look at some examples. This chart shows the world 5 largest economies in 2015. It ranks the countries by the gross domestic product, or GDP. The GDP is one way of measuring the size of an economy. It’s the total value of goods and services produced in a country thin a year. As you can see, according to this chart, the US and China had the largest economies.
According the chart, India had the third largest economy in the world. Its economy was bigger than Japan’s. the average living conditions in Japan is much higher than in India. One reason for this is the difference in population. India has a much larger population, so its wealth is distributed among a larger number of people. You can find this information by checking a country per capita. Per capita means per person. If two countries have the same GDP but one country has half the number of people, its GDP per capita is twice large.
Another important factor is how the wealth of a country is shared. In some countries, much of the wealth is concentrated in just a few people. For example, in the US, just 5% of the population had more than 70% of the wealth. This shows that many US citizens are not wealthy despite the size of their economy. In fact, the wealth share held by the wealthy of 10% was more than 10 times bigger than the rest of population.
As we have seen, much of the wealth of the US is concentrated in just a few people. 10% of its population had an estimate 75% of the wealth in 2015. In this chart, we see some comparison with other countries. In contrast to the US, 10% of the total Japan population has less than half of the total wealth. In china, in 2014, the estimated share of top 10% is 64%, but this number is rising. Russia had the highest concentration of wealth at over 80%. India, which has one of largest economies, has the largest share of the world’s poorest people. Its richest 10% have 370 times the share of wealth than its poorest 10%. A major challenge for a government is to improve the living conditions of its citizens. As we have seen, grow in the economy isn’t enough. Population growth and distribution of wealth are also important factors. Improving education and developing job skills can help people move up in an economy. With better education and training, the poor can increase their ability to get better job and rise their income. However, taxes are needed to pay social services, including health and education. Some countries tax the rich at high rate than poor. However, if taxes are too high, it can discourage investment and risk taking. This is because investors won’t take risks unless the rewards are high. So as you see, these a re complex issues.
L5 Unit 3-3 vocabulary
Silly, foolish or stupid or ridiculous, the opposite of serious. He is being silly, so we should just ignore him. That’s a silly idea so I don’t think she means what she says.
Amazing, to be incredible, or so good as to be hard to believe, the opposite of ordinary. That company’s new products are truly amazing. She gives an amazing performance, especially after all the difficulties she had to overcome.
Crucial, to be extreme importance or essential part, the opposite of optional. It’s crucial that we get them sign the contract by the end of the week. Getting data is crucial for our success. Impressive, to stand out and be unforgettable in a good way. his representation is so impressive that we decided to hire him right away. They have an impressive website, but the quality of the product is pathetic(无价值的).
Realistic, to be possible and attainable. That deadline isn’t realistic, so we need to ask for more time. He isn’t being realistic when he expects to charge such high prices for his products. Sincere, to be honest or be trustworthy. I think she was being sincere, so I think we can trust her. Sometimes it’s very difficult to know if someone is being sincere or is just a good liar.
Naïve, overly simple or lacking experience. He wants to change the world, but he is very naïve, so he need someone to help him. I think we can take advantage of him because he’s naïve and impatient.
Brilliant, highly intelligent or exception in brightness, the opposite of doll. There is no doubt that he is a brilliant scientist but he is a very poor manager. It’s amazing how such a brilliant man can be so stupid around the woman.
Cruel, mean, m and hurtful, the opposite of kind. He can be cruel when he doesn’t expect him to be nice to you. I was shocked by how cruel he was when he fired her.
Clever, innovative, creative, very smart. He found a clever solution that allowed to reduce to costs. Advertisers are very clever at getting people to buy things they don’t really need.
Ske ptical, need proof or evidence to overcome doubts, the opposite of convince. I’m sure they will be skeptical to our results, so we need to bring convincing evidence. I’m skeptical that such a simple design can satisfy our requirements.
L5 Unit 3-3 dialogue
Guess what, I just won a lorry, 50 million dollars.
You’re kidding. Are you sure for real and there isn’t a mistake
No, I checked and confirmed.
Wow, that’s fantastic. Congratulations.
I never expect this. So now I’ve got to figure out what to do with it.
Yes, you do and be careful. I’m telling you, everything is about to change.
Em, I’m in a state of shock so I haven’t had any time to think.
With all your money, what about your friends
You mean you right
Sure, why not Why don’t you give me a new car
And then what Sure, if I start giving things to my friends, it will never stop.
I’ve got the thing.
One thing for sure, you’ll have no trouble finding a girlfriend now.
Yeah, you’re probably right.
I might as well have some fun and enjoy rich life for a while. It would be great to have a nice girlfriend. I’ve never been successful with woman.
What are you going to do about your job
I will give notice right away and finish the project I’ve been working on.
That’s nice. I should the company will ap preciate it. then what
Then I will take some time for myself and think about I want to do.
Any ideas
Nothing definite. But I’ve been considering starting my own business. Or maybe invest in something interesting.
Be careful about investing. One of my best friends became an investor after he sought some stock in a company he was working for. He is really smart but he got fooled into investing a lot of money into a company that went bankrupt. He ended up losing his entire investment.
What happened then
His wife divorced him and took most of his assets with her. So he has to work again. So even smart people can be fooled.
Well, I’m in no hurry. So I’ll be careful. I think the first thing I’ll do is to buy a nice house and help my parents. They’ve worked har d all their lives but are still barely able to survive on what they have.
That sounds like a good plan. Whatever you do don’t let this go to your head. Try not to lose who you are.
Don’t worry, I won’t. I know what you mean.
L5 Unit 3-4 Listening
There are several fundamental forces that hold our universe together. One of these, of course is gravity, the force between objects that have mass. Another important force is the electromagnetic force. The electromagnetic force is responsible for the chemical reactions. Without it, there would be no atoms and molecules. Up until a couple of hundred years ago, very little have known about this force. Learning about the electromagnetic force and how to use it was a major step forward. It revolutionized communication, transportation and manufacturing. Imagine what life would be like without electricity. The electromagnetic force has two parts, the electrical force and magnetic force. The electrical force is the force between an electrical charge article such as electron and proton(质子). Electric charges attract or repel each other with a force that depends on the distance between them. The magnetic force is the force between magnetic poles such as the north and south pole. In fact, the earth is like a large bar magnet with a north and south pole. Many animals use the earth’s magnetic field to navigate during their migrations. We can also see this magnetic field when we use a compass.
Why does the earth have a magnetic field Many scientists believe that the earth’s m agnetic field is due to the earth rotation. Deep inside the earth is solid iron core surrounded by a liquid metal outer core. The moving electric currents inside this liquid metal create a magnetic field. The earth magnetic field is important because it protects us from the solar wind. The solar wind is a current of charge particles coming at us from the sun. when the solar wind nears the earth, the earth’s magnetic field deflects it away. This protects the earth from the radiation(辐射), which can be dangerous to life. It also protects the satellite that we use for communication.
Scientists now believe that the earth’s magnetic field is about to reverse. This is called the magnetic field reversal. Every 200,000 to 300,000 years, the earth magnetic field reverses. In other words, the north and the south magnetic pole switch places. This has happened many times in earth’s history, but it has been happening more lately. Recent research provides evidence that there have been 5 magnetic reversals during the past 500,000 years. The most recent event happened approximately 41,000 years ago. Recent studies have found that the earth magnetic field has weakened about 5% per decade. As its current rate, the next reversal could happen within the next century.
Some people also worry about the effects of the magnetic field reverse. They think there is a possibility that it could cause many problems. For example, without magnetic field, communications can be disrupted. Birds and other forms of lives could become confused and get lost. Another effect will the increase in some forms of cancer especially skin cancer. This will be because of the increase in the amount of radiation absorbed by our bodies. The possibility that a field reversal will be an extinction even is very low. There is very little historic evidence to show that previous reversals have caused extinctions. Humans have been on earth for million years, during which there have many reversals. Therefore, scientists believe any changes would be temporary.
Another theory is that the earth outer layer could rotate around the outer liquid mental core that make out of the earth. So in the next reversal, continent could ship positions from north to south. Imagine the effect happened, Australia would be in the northern hemisphere. With so many theories, how can we know what to believe This is important because some of them require us to
act well in advance. Otherwise, it will be too late to prevent the catastrophe. This underlines the importance of getting reliable information backed by strong evidence.
L5 Unit 3-4 vocabulary
Resume, to continue or start again after a pause. After a short interruption, our work resumed and we worked for another hour. Work on the project resumed once we passed the safety inspection(检验; 检查).
Interrupt, to stop something in progress. I hate to be interrupted when I’m working, but something it’s necessary. It’s difficult to have a conversation with her because she always interrupts.
Reconsider, to reassert or think again about changing something. I was planning to vote against him, but after hearing him speak, I’m going to reconsider. I didn’t want to hire her at first but then I reconsidered and offered her a job.
Conclude, to reach a decision, to end something or summarize the main point. To conclude my presentation, here is a summary of my recommendations(建议). After hearing the arguments for and against the project, we have reached a conclusion.
Anticipate, to think in advance, to predict what’s ahead. I won the game because it was ea sy to anticipate my opponent’s next move. He tried to anticipate what we are going to do, but he was completely wrong, so he lost.
Permanent, to be fixed or unchanging, the opposite of temporary. He plans to stay there permanently. He had decided to become a permanent resident of China.
Temporary, only lasting for a short time, the opposite of permanent. We can only offer him a temporary position in the company. This is the kind of job he wants but it’s ok ay as something temporary until he can find something better.
Definite, well define, precise, certain, unchanging. We can’t begin the project unless you give us a more definite schedule. We can’t give you a definite answer until we get more information. Obvious, easy to see, stand out. Of the job candidates we interviewed, he was the obvious choice. It’s obvious that he can’t afford to buy that house.
Trivial, of little or no importance, insignificant. It’s a trivial detail, so there is no need to worry about it. those problems are not trivial so we need to find a solution.
We don’t know their exact location, but they are definitely in this general area.
After hearing arguments for and against the project, we have reached a conclusion
We have concluded that there are too many risks, so we’re going canc el the project.
I’ve considered and reconsidered your request, but the answer is still no.
From her facial expression, it was obvious that she really disliked him.
We can’t make a reservation for your flight until you give us a definite return date.
Humans lived as nomads(游牧生活) until they decided to settle down and permanent communities.
We resumed watching the movie as soon as the wireless connection restored.
The conclusion is often the most important part of a presentation.
We don’t know the exact location but they are definitely in this general area.
I’ve considered and reconsidered your request, but the answer is still no.
After hearing arguments for and against the project, we have reached a conclusion.
In conclusion, I think this new pesticide isn’t safe for the environment.。