2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷

2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷
一、阅读理解（共15小题，共30分）
1、【来源】 2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模（A篇）第21~23题6分
Is there really a place that you have a strong desire to visit, whatever the expense? If so, you're in my shoes. The following places are most probably your best choice.
Milford Sound
It's one of New Zealand's largest fjords（峡湾）carved by glaciers during the ice age. Tourists can take a boat on the river that flows into small lakes. Hiking here gives tourists a chance to admire some of the most vivid and beautiful scenery in the world. Adventurers can feel like explorers who have stepped into a hidden world. The natural beauty here is enough to make one realize the greatness of our world. The Rainbow Mountains
These geographic wonders look as if they were painted with a giant paintbrush. The bright and vivid colors stand in sharp contrast（对比）to the surrounding greenery. As wild as it is, these mountains are a part of our world. One can find them in China's Danxia Landform Geological Park. This wild variety of colors does exist in the real world. No Photoshop is necessary to see the natural beauty of these mountains. Bora
This Polynesian paradise（天堂）offers one the chance to live like a native Polynesian. The clear open sky and the calm waters offer one the unique chance to scuba-dive. Many holiday centres are built on the island and different tours and experiences are offered.
The Galapagos Islands
The islands consist of 13 volcanic islands and 6 smaller islands. Although known for Darwin's visit, they're more attractive than one might imagine. There are 900 species of animals. 200 of these species are specific to the Galapagos Islands. The blue waters, green plants and the specific wildlife should attract more travelers to this paradise.
(1) What can the Rainbow Mountains offer visitors?
A. A closer look at the rainforests in the wild.
B. A good view of the colours of the rainbow.
C. An opportunity to paint mountains colorful.
D. A chance to appreciate geographic wonders.
(2) Where may a diving lover go to spend a holiday?
A. The Rainbow Mountains.
B. Milford Sound.
C. Bora.
D. The Galapagos Islands.
(3) Which of the following will you recommend to an animal lover as a travel destination?
A. Milford Sound.
B. The Rainbow Mountains.
C. Bora.
D. The Galapagos Islands.
2、【来源】 2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模（B篇）第24~27题8分
Twelve years ago, Kerrigan, drawing on his outdoor experiences from his childhood, got the idea of starting a life-changing, Outdoor adventure organization for young people in Washington State. Then Peak 7 was born. It is a non-profit organization.
Peak 7 aims to help young people grow emotionally, mentally and spiritually. The adventure outreach has grown from serving 137 kids in 2006, when Peak 7 started, to 4, 295 kids in 2016. Many of them are at-risk inner-city kids, from 13 to 19.
These physical challenged, whether climbing a cliff（悬崖）or hiking, help these young people come to an important realization: They discover "I can do this" giving them confidence to face other challenges in their lives. Sometimes, in fact, other problems seem like nothing compared with what they overcame outdoors.
Kerrigan says he constantly hears from grateful parents, thanking him for the growth in their children.
Alex Nycum joined Peak 7 in 2013. "A big part of that trust aspect is what they're learning through the different adventures, " says Mr. Nycum. "When somebody is holding onto the other end of the rope through rock climbing, trust is a very big part of it."
For many of the participants, one of the biggest lessons they learn is about perseverance（坚持不懈）. "Most kids in this generation, when things get really tough, tend to give up, "says Aus tin Dannen. Program manager for Peak 7. "For a lot of these kids, they have mode led themselves on their parents. But out in the woods, there's no easy escape. There's no helicopter coming to take them out. There's that sort of reality change for them. There isn't this easy way out. It's just like in life."
Kevin Parker is a donor to Peak 7. "We have seen that lives are changed, " he says. "We support Peak 7 because this is an organization that changes lives in a unique way."
(1) What is a possible purpose of Peak 7?
A. Helping kids face challenge confidently.
B. Teaching kids how to draw outdoor experiences.
C. Making a lot of money by organizing outdoor adventures.
D. Encouraging kids to learn from their parents.
(2) What can we know about Peak 7?
A. It originated in Washington D.C.
B. Only 4.295 kids have benefited from Peak 7 since 2006.
C. Parents are not keen on Peak 7 because it takes up too much time.
D. Peak 7 has no intention of making profit.
(3) What does Alex Nycum stress most?
A. Believing in others.
B. Working out for fitness.
C. Holding tight to the rope.
D. Fearing no height.
(4) Why does Peak 7 gain support from donors, according to Kevin Parker?
A. There is no tough thing facing the kids in Peak 7.
B. Kids' lives can be changed in a unique way.
C. The kids in Peak 7 are filter than other kids.
D. Parents no longer worry about their kids' outdoor safety.
3、【来源】 2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模（C篇）第28~31题8分
As shoppers, we all behave differently, so it's impossible to say for sure whether online shopping decreased the time spent on shopping or actually increased it. There are many ways that online shopping technology can save you time when compared with a weekly trip to the grocery store or shopping mall. But not everything is bullet proof （防弹的） and you have to take in the possible errors that can be made along the way. From a grocery perspective, the customers choosing their food might not actually select the right produce or brands. It's no different from clothes-what if the wrong sizes or colors are shipped to you?
You either have to take time to ship everything back （at your expense）. Or travel to the store to make an exchange.
Another major factor to consider when shopping online is the "buy now" button. For many online sellers, they store your credit card information after an initial （起初的） purchase. Shopping online makes it very easy to "add to cart" and "proceed to check out" which can turn out to be addictive. In the end, people may accumulate truck loads of things they don't truly need.
Another very common online "trick" that consumers face is inexpensive purchased that end up costing a lot more. For example, a $ 10 DVD can end up doubling in price once posting and packing, a transaction （交易） fee and a handling fee are added. So despite enjoying the convenience of ordering from your couch, it' most likely to double what you want to pay.
Probably one of the most important factors to consider when shopping online is security. Today, consumers are very concerned about privacy and data security, both of which may be
TAL#NBSP compromised after hitting the "Pay" button. And while many companies say that customer credit card details and passwords are not at risk, consumers still feel the need to keep an eye on their in box, mainly for uncertain looking links. Services like Break away client Bill Guard are available to help consumers. Bill Guard is a free, personal finance security service that alarms consumers to hidden changes and billing errors.
(1) Why is online shopping not definitely a way of saving time according to the passage?
A. Shoppers are incompetent on online shopping technology.
B. Shoppers need to take time to address possible errors.
C. Delivery of goods takes longer time than expected.
D. Online shopping is always influenced by net speed.
(2) In what way does online shopping go beyond consumers' real needs?
A. Online shopping can make shoppers addicted to buying.
B. Sellers use credit card information to threaten shoppers.
C. Online shopping technology can add to cart automatically.
D. Shoppers accumulate things blindly to attain free delivery.
(3) The word "compromised" in the last paragraph is closest in the meaning to
"".
A. adjusted
B. reduced
C. settled
D. strengthened
(4) What is the writer most likely to talk about in the following paragraph（s）?
A. The advantaged of online shopping.
B. The future of online shopping.
C. The importance of privacy.
D. Introduction to BillGuard.
4、【来源】 2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模（D篇）第32~35题8分
Play is easier to define with examples than with concepts. In any case, in animals it consists of leaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, and other movements, either along with objects, or with other animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for social interaction, exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that it involves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstances—dominance, predation, competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the intentions of the animals, and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone.
Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively（广泛地）in primates（灵长动物）and dogs. Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood.
Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stones in a young animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.
The benefits of play must outweigh costs, or play would not have evolved, according to Darwin's theory. Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development of the brain and nervous system. In one research study, two groups of young rats were raised under different conditions. One group developed in an "enriched" environment, which allowed the rats to interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze（迷宫）training. The other group lived in an "impoverished" （使贫穷）environment in individual cages in a slightly lit room with little stimulation. At the end of the experiments, the results
showed that the actual weight of the brains of the impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the enriched environment（though they were fed the same diets）.
(1) According to Paragraph 1, why is play difficult to define?
A. Play must be defined with concepts, not examples.
B. Play occurs independently of an animal's intentions.
C. Play behavior often looks like non-play behavior.
D. Play often occurs in the presence of animals that are not playing.
(2) According to Paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge to researchers who study play behavior in animals?
A. The difficulty in determining which animal species play and which do not.
B. The delay between activities and the benefits that the animals get from them.
C. The lack of research on the play behavior of animals other than dogs and primates.
D. The fact that for most animals. There is no clear transformation from youth to
full adulthood.
(3) Why does the author mention "though they were fed the same diets" in the last paragraph?
A. To show why rats living in an impoverished environment need less food than those living in an enriched environment.
B. To rule out the possibility that differences in diet were responsible for observed differences in brain weight.
C. To emphasize the point that rats were fed only the amount of food needed to keep them alive.
D. To suggest that rats fed the same diet have smaller brains than those fed a varied food.
(4) What is the best title for the passage?
A. Role of Play in Development
B. The Growth of Primates
C. Loss of Energy in Play
D. Evolution of Play
二、七选五（共5小题，共10分）
5、【来源】 2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模第36~40题10分
However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost.1
2For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?3
For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must give up—in terms of money and enjoyment in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable
decisions.4Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of for gone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable.5
By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
A. Opportunity cost is a key concept in economics. And has been described as expressing "the basic relationship between scarcity（不足）and choice".
B. Yet, in a sense it's human nature to assess the advantage and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
C. This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
D. If someone loses the opportunity to earn money, that is part of the opportunity cost.
E. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there's no such thing as a free lunch.
F. Every hour of our time has a value.
G. That simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.
三、完形填空（共20小题，共30分）
6、【来源】 2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模第41~60题30分
One day my two sons and I got into my old car to drive to the local post office. I backed out of my drive slowly like I1do and then pulled to a stop at the
side2that leads to the main highway. When it was clear I pulled out and stepped on the3. As I stepped on the clutch（离合器）
and4to shift into second, though, I immediately knew that something
was5. The normally solid gear shift（档位杆）now felt like a spoon in a bowl of soup. I tried6to get it to lock into any of the gears but did
not7. Thankfully, the steering wheel（方向盘）was still
working8and I allowed the car to go to the end of the side road where I was able to pull9into a wide spot and turn the10off.
It was only later in the day that I finally realized how11I had been. I could have been on the main road when that gear shift12. I could have been in the middle of a curve（弯曲处）with no place to turn off the road. I could have had a car too
close13me that wouldn't have been able to
stop14. A hundred things could have made this
incident15or deadly.16the gear shift broke at just the right moment to keep me and my17safe.
Far too often we only see the18things in life.
We19when things don't go our way. Yes, my car broke down. Still, my sons and I are safe. We are loved. And we have been given more time here in this world to share our
own20and light.
A. normally
B. hardly
C. particularly
D. superbly
A. yard
B. location
C. road
D. rail
A. brake
B. gas
C. oil
D. steam
A. decided
B. learned
C. stopped
D. tried
A. wrong
B. great
C. flexible
D. impressive
A. automatically
B. quickly
C. considerately
D. severely
A. succeed
B. pace
C. overcome
D. part
A. enthusiastically
B. fiercely
C. instantly
D. fine
A. safely
B. fast
C. exactly
D. constantly
A. supply
B. engine
C. power
D. light
A. joyful
B. explicit
C. blessed
D. fragile
A. fell
B. paused
C. failed
D. split
A. at
B. on
C. beside
D. behind
A. with time
B. in time
C. on time
D. over time
A. contradictory
B. rigid
C. dangerous
D. just
A. Yet
B. Therefore
C. Unexpectedly
D. Actually
A. friends
B. colleagues
C. neighbors
D. boys
A. illegal
B. bad
C. hopeful
D. potential
A. go public
B. prove helpful
C. become dizzy
D. get angry
A. love
B. chance
C. freedom
D. guide
四、适当形式填空（共10小题，共15分）
7、【来源】 2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模第61~70题15分
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There is an insect in each of the pictures. Can you find it out?
This kind of insect looks just1 a real leaf! It is called the leaf insect, mostly2（know）as the walking leaf. The walking leaf can
walk3cannot fly. When it walks, it rocks back and forth, looking like a real leaf4（blow）by the wind.
The walking leaf makes itself look like a real leaf in order5（protect）itself form its enemies. They can't tell the real leaf and the walking leaf apart. So the walking leaf itself is safe. And the walking leaf also eats leaves!
The6（amaze）creature was first discovered by the scholar. Antonio Pigafetta. He7（study）the never-seen-before insect
on8island and wrote down the following words:
On this island we also found some trees, the leaves of9, when they fall, are lively and can walk. They are like the leaves of the mulberry（桑树）tree, but not so long. If they are touched they run away, but if they are hurt they do not give out blood.
Leaf insects can be found from South Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia. They
love10（rain）weather very much.
五、改错（共10小题，共10分）
8、【来源】 2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模第71~80题10分
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear teachers and fellow students,
In a couple of weeks, we'll have to say goodbye. How time fly! Gone will be the day when we are full of dreams. Now it's really hard for my to put my feelings into words. The past three years has a wonderful journey, full of laughter and tears.
To make Confucius Institute more power and fruitful, our great teachers and dear students have contributed the time, energy, love and the whole heart. It's time to recall those beautiful days we spend together. You are the very person that gives me a hand when it necessary. Here. I'm extremely grateful for what you had done for me.
It'lI soon be the time of us to depart, though unwilling. May our friendship last till the end of the universe!
That's all. Thank you.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
六、书面表达（共1小题，共25分）
9、【来源】 2018年湖南长沙开福区长沙市第一中学高三一模第81题25分
假定你是李华，在高中三年与同学们相处的日子里，有些同学给你的学习和生活带来了极大的影响。

在高中学习即将结束的时候，你有感而发，给某英语报刊的School Life栏目写一封信，讲述某位同学给你带来的影响。

注意：
1.词数：100词左右；
2.适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

Dear Editor，
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
1 、【答案】 (1) D;
(2) C;
(3) D;
2 、【答案】 (1) A;
(2) D;
(3) A;
(4) B;
3 、【答案】 (1) B;
(2) A;
(3) B;
(4) D;
4 、【答案】 (1) C;
(2) B;
(3) B;
(4) A;
5 、【答案】 G;D;C;E;B;
6 、【答案】 A;C;B;D;A;B;A;D;A;B;C;C;D;B;C;A;D;B;D;A;
7 、【答案】 like;known;but;being blown;to protect;amazing;studied;an;which;rainy;
8 、【答案】 1．fly改为flies
2．day改为days
3．my改为me
4．has后面加been
5．power改为powerful
6．spend改为spent
7．去掉it
8．had改为have
9．of改为for
10．unwilling改为unwillingly
;
9 、【答案】 Dear Editor,
In the past three years. I have been getting along well with my classmate, among whom chang Lin has influenced me most.
To begin with. I have become confident with his help. I used to be a shy student, afraid of exchanging ideas with either my classmate or teachers. Which made me feel lonely in class. Chang realized that and encouraged me to express my thoughts and communicate with others gradually. I am not fearful of making public speeches any longer now. Secondly, as a strong-minded boy. Chang will never give up whatever difficulty he has met with. This has made a deep impression on me. It is his perseverance that always in spires me to face challenge. As a consequence, I have improved my study a lot.
In the years to follow. I will continue to struggle to be a better me.
Yours sincerely,
Li had ;。