《英美公司法》讲义(2009)-133页PPT资料
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A variety of answers are available to this question. A corporation is a capitalist invention for the pooling of capital to conduct business.
It is an artificial intangible being created by state law, its formation and existence dependent on state enabling statutes.
Charter（公司章程）：may mean (i) the document filed with the Secretary of State, i, e., the articles of incorporation, or (ii) the grant by the State of the privilege of conducting business with limited liability. Charter is often used in a colloquial sense to refer to the basic constitutive documents of the corporation.
the interested party ：利害关系人 board of directors：董事会
separate legal identity ：独立的法人资 格
separate legal entity：独立的法人 fairness、justice：公平、公正
Shareholders or Stockholders （股东）are the persons who own shares of either common or preferred stock. The Model Business Corporation (1984) and modern usage generally tends to prefer “shareholder” to “stockholder” ，but the latter word is deeply ingrained（根深蒂固的） in common usage .
It is a legal person that can enter into contracts, own property, sue and be sued in court. It is a taxable entity subject to property, sales, income, and other taxes. It ranges in size from a one-person business to a multinational conglomerate.
legislature：立法机关
Common shares （普通股） represent the residual ownership interests in the corporation. Holders of common shares select directors to manage the enterprise, are entitled to dividends out of the earnings of the enterprise declared by the directors, and are entitled to a per share distribution of whatever assets remain upon dissolution after satisfying or making provisions for creditors and holder of senior securities.
Read the material for 15 minutes and answer the following questions:
1. What is a corporation ? What is the simplest and usually the most useful way of viewing a corporation?
2. The size of corporation? Examples?
3. The features of corporation?
4. What is the meaning of Taxable entity ？
5. The meaning of contribute capital ？ 6. What is the meaning of directors ？
There are exceptions to these tenets. For
example,in
special
circumstances
shareholders may be held personally liable
beyond their investment; lenders may require
Merger（合并、兼并） is an amalgamation of two corporations survives and the other disappears.
The corporation is unlimitedly liable for the debts and obligations of the business：公司对其经营活动中产生的债务承 担无 transfer to their stock.
Notes:
Pool vi.汇集 Intangible adj. 无形的 Taxable entity 纳税主体 Entity n. 实体 Conglomerate n. 集团 Separate existence 独立的人格 Directors n.董事 Officers n.管理人员
A typical corporation has the following basic attributes:
Separate existence. The corporation has an independent, perpetual existence. It is an entity distinct from those who contribute capital and those who manage the business.
第一章 公司综观 Chapter 1
The Corporation in perspective
corporation：［律］社团，法人，公司、 企业。［美］有 限公司
company：公司，商号。Co. Ltd. enterprise：企业。原意为企图冒险从事某 项事业，后来用以指 经营组织或经营体。日 本将其译为“企业”，并传入中国。
Senior security （优先证券） is a debt security or preferred share that has a claim prior to that of junior obligations or common shares on a corporation is assets and earnings.
Transferability of ownership interests. Shareholders' ownership interests are freely transferable.
Limited liability. Liability of shareholders is limited to the amount of their investment. Creditors must look only to the corporation's assets for recovery. Limited liability is recognized even if it serves as the motivating reason behind incorporation.
《英美公司法》
The Law of Corporations
刘勇 副教授
华南农业大学法学院
参考书：
1.［英］珍妮特.丹恩 《公司法》，法律出版社。 2. 胡果威著.《美国公司法》，法律出版社。 3.［美］R .W .汉密尔顿著.刘俊海、徐海燕注，
汤树梅校.《公司法》，中国人民大学出版社。 4.《商法》---双语对照法规，法律出版社。 5.《经济法》 ---双语对照法规，法律出版社。
7.The meaning of officers？ 8. What does “limited liability” mean? 9. What is “ a closely held corporation?”
1.2 What is Corporation？Other Theories （什么是公司？其他理论）
Preferred shares（优先股）are shares that have preferential rights to dividends or to amounts distributable on liquidation, or to both, ahead of common shareholders. Preferred shares are usually entitled only to receive specified limited amounts as dividends or on liquidation.
shareholders to give personal guarantees
before extending credit to the corporation; and,
in closely held corporations, shareholders can
agree to run the business and may be subject
Centralized management. Management power lies in the board of directors, which often delegates its power to officers. Shareholders elect the directors but cannot control specific board decisions.
artificial person （entity）：拟制的人 （主体）
business licenses：营业执照 limited liability：有限责任 be unlimitedly liable for ：对……承担 无限责任
dissolve： 解散
be vested in sb. the power to do sth. 授予某人做某事的权力
Closely held corporation 封闭公司 Perpetual adj.永久的 Board of directors 董事会 Asset n. 资产 Incorporation n.组成公司或社团；形成
法人组织
Tenet n.原则 Creditors 债权人
centralized management：集中管理 the interests of the shareholders ：股东 的股权
statutory attributes：法定属性
1.1 What is Corporation？ The Concept of an Artificial Entity
It is an artificial intangible being created by state law, its formation and existence dependent on state enabling statutes.
Charter（公司章程）：may mean (i) the document filed with the Secretary of State, i, e., the articles of incorporation, or (ii) the grant by the State of the privilege of conducting business with limited liability. Charter is often used in a colloquial sense to refer to the basic constitutive documents of the corporation.
the interested party ：利害关系人 board of directors：董事会
separate legal identity ：独立的法人资 格
separate legal entity：独立的法人 fairness、justice：公平、公正
Shareholders or Stockholders （股东）are the persons who own shares of either common or preferred stock. The Model Business Corporation (1984) and modern usage generally tends to prefer “shareholder” to “stockholder” ，but the latter word is deeply ingrained（根深蒂固的） in common usage .
It is a legal person that can enter into contracts, own property, sue and be sued in court. It is a taxable entity subject to property, sales, income, and other taxes. It ranges in size from a one-person business to a multinational conglomerate.
legislature：立法机关
Common shares （普通股） represent the residual ownership interests in the corporation. Holders of common shares select directors to manage the enterprise, are entitled to dividends out of the earnings of the enterprise declared by the directors, and are entitled to a per share distribution of whatever assets remain upon dissolution after satisfying or making provisions for creditors and holder of senior securities.
Read the material for 15 minutes and answer the following questions:
1. What is a corporation ? What is the simplest and usually the most useful way of viewing a corporation?
2. The size of corporation? Examples?
3. The features of corporation?
4. What is the meaning of Taxable entity ？
5. The meaning of contribute capital ？ 6. What is the meaning of directors ？
There are exceptions to these tenets. For
example,in
special
circumstances
shareholders may be held personally liable
beyond their investment; lenders may require
Merger（合并、兼并） is an amalgamation of two corporations survives and the other disappears.
The corporation is unlimitedly liable for the debts and obligations of the business：公司对其经营活动中产生的债务承 担无 transfer to their stock.
Notes:
Pool vi.汇集 Intangible adj. 无形的 Taxable entity 纳税主体 Entity n. 实体 Conglomerate n. 集团 Separate existence 独立的人格 Directors n.董事 Officers n.管理人员
A typical corporation has the following basic attributes:
Separate existence. The corporation has an independent, perpetual existence. It is an entity distinct from those who contribute capital and those who manage the business.
第一章 公司综观 Chapter 1
The Corporation in perspective
corporation：［律］社团，法人，公司、 企业。［美］有 限公司
company：公司，商号。Co. Ltd. enterprise：企业。原意为企图冒险从事某 项事业，后来用以指 经营组织或经营体。日 本将其译为“企业”，并传入中国。
Senior security （优先证券） is a debt security or preferred share that has a claim prior to that of junior obligations or common shares on a corporation is assets and earnings.
Transferability of ownership interests. Shareholders' ownership interests are freely transferable.
Limited liability. Liability of shareholders is limited to the amount of their investment. Creditors must look only to the corporation's assets for recovery. Limited liability is recognized even if it serves as the motivating reason behind incorporation.
《英美公司法》
The Law of Corporations
刘勇 副教授
华南农业大学法学院
参考书：
1.［英］珍妮特.丹恩 《公司法》，法律出版社。 2. 胡果威著.《美国公司法》，法律出版社。 3.［美］R .W .汉密尔顿著.刘俊海、徐海燕注，
汤树梅校.《公司法》，中国人民大学出版社。 4.《商法》---双语对照法规，法律出版社。 5.《经济法》 ---双语对照法规，法律出版社。
7.The meaning of officers？ 8. What does “limited liability” mean? 9. What is “ a closely held corporation?”
1.2 What is Corporation？Other Theories （什么是公司？其他理论）
Preferred shares（优先股）are shares that have preferential rights to dividends or to amounts distributable on liquidation, or to both, ahead of common shareholders. Preferred shares are usually entitled only to receive specified limited amounts as dividends or on liquidation.
shareholders to give personal guarantees
before extending credit to the corporation; and,
in closely held corporations, shareholders can
agree to run the business and may be subject
Centralized management. Management power lies in the board of directors, which often delegates its power to officers. Shareholders elect the directors but cannot control specific board decisions.
artificial person （entity）：拟制的人 （主体）
business licenses：营业执照 limited liability：有限责任 be unlimitedly liable for ：对……承担 无限责任
dissolve： 解散
be vested in sb. the power to do sth. 授予某人做某事的权力
Closely held corporation 封闭公司 Perpetual adj.永久的 Board of directors 董事会 Asset n. 资产 Incorporation n.组成公司或社团；形成
法人组织
Tenet n.原则 Creditors 债权人
centralized management：集中管理 the interests of the shareholders ：股东 的股权
statutory attributes：法定属性
1.1 What is Corporation？ The Concept of an Artificial Entity