人教版必修五Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading课时作业 (6)

Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading课时作业
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2019·石家庄模拟)The scar ran down her leg from the knee to the ankle. She brushed her fingertips over its surface，remembering.
Jerry was only seven when he started surfing; by the age of eleven，he was positively_incredible，moving over the face of big waves like there wasn't even a slightest bit of efforts involved in.
On that day in Bah，though，the ocean had seemed strange. The waves broke like water in a washing machine，and the breaks had been heavy too，making it tough to tell whether it was better to try to catch one or to get out of its way. That was how he'd misjudged.
Ella had seen her brother lose control，his board was thrown out of the water riderless high into the air，but she hadn't seen him surface. She'd waited for the space of a breath. Nothing. Something，clearly，was wrong.
She dashed into the water，swimming faster even than the competitions at school. Lung burning. Heart Piping－Focused.
She'd found him floating just beyond the reef(暗礁)，face up but knocked out cold. Just as she was paddling the water hard，her leg was hurt by the reef，a short，sharp instant of pain.
No matter. She had kept Jerry's head above water，swimming all the
way back to shore. That day had been the worst，scariest moment in Jerry's surfing career，which has seen him rise from a no－name kid who loved the ocean to a young star，winning competitions around the world.
For Ella，her life had changed as well. She had learned something about who she was，about what she could achieve. She ran her fingers again over the scar，the physical map of the person she had become.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲了Ella在一次拯救Jerry的冲浪中受伤的事，从此事中Ella找到了自我价值。

1. Why did Ella think something was wrong?
A. She didn't see Jerry come out of water.
B. She had not seen Jerry lose control before.
C. She saw Jerry's board high into the air.
D. She noticed Jerry held his breath longer.
【答案】 A 细节理解题。

根据句子but she hadn't seen him surface 可知Ella没有看到Jerry露出水面，她觉得有不好的事情发生了。

故选A。

2. What does the underlined part “positively incredible”probably mean?
A. Terribly excited.
B. Extremely good.
C. Relatively young.
D. Hardly talented.
【答案】 B 词义猜测题。

根据其后面的句子moving over the face of big waves like there wasn't even a slightest bit of efforts involved in. 可以猜
测出positively incredible为“非常好”之意。

故选B。

3. For Ella，the scar represents ________.
A. her skill at saving lives
B. her discovery of self－value
C. her envy of her brother
D. her love for swimming career
【答案】 B 推理判断题。

根据句子She had learned something about who she was，about what she could achieve可知这个疤痕让Ella发现了自我价值。

故选B。

4. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Ella was as outstanding an athlete as Jerry.
B. Jerry learned how to surf all by himself.
C. Ella was grateful for this terrible experience.
D. Jerry had his leg injured in the surfing accident.
【答案】 C 主旨大意题。

短文虽然讲了Ella受伤了，但是她从中也学到了一些东西，因此她对这次可怕的经历是感恩的，故选C。

B
(2018·北京)
Plastic－Eating Worms
greater wax moth
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini，co－author of the study，says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them
to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon－carbon bond，is there as well，”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ”
Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子——大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。

5. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
【答案】 C 推理判断题。

根据第二段第一句“. . . found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene. . . ”和第二句中的the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。

选项A与第三段第一句不吻合；选项B“新进化的生物”，文中没有这样的信息；选项D张冠李戴，由第一段第一、二句可排除。

6. According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to ________.
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
【答案】 B 细节理解题。

根据第四段最后两句“The next step. . . Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。

选项B“查明酶的来源”与此吻合。

其他选项显然与the next step of the study不匹配。

7. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
【答案】 D 推理判断题。

根据最后一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply ‘millions of worms. . . ’”可知，研究人员期望不仅仅能用大蜡螟蠕虫去清理塑料垃圾，也期望在某种工业流程中用这种化学制品，这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。

8. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco－balance.
【答案】 C 推理判断题。

作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。

选项C与此意吻合。

选项A为“解释一种对蠕虫的研究方法”；选项B为“介绍一种特殊的蠕虫的饮食”；选项D为“提供保持生态平衡的新方式”，显然这些选项都不是作者的写作目的。

Ⅱ. 阅读七选五
(2018·呼和浩特市第二次调研)
How Can I Fight Laziness?
Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However，laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.
__1__ Many people lack sleep constantly，since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest，you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach，viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. __2__
Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations(诱惑)that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment，but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. __3__ Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy，such as a good dinner or a film.
Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels，but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. __4__ Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness
when you are surrounded by motivated people.
__5__ Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle，thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.
A. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.
C. Finally，taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.
D. To fight family laziness，set an example.
E. With strong determination，you will be able to achieve your goal.
F. Create a reward system for yourself，just as parents do for a child.
G. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.
【答案】1～5 AGFDC
Ⅲ. 语法填空
(2018·青岛市二模)It's never foolish __1__(acknowledge)you are in the wrong. Being human，we all need the art of apology. Look back and think how often you've judged __2__(rough)，said unkind things，pushed yourself ahead __3__ the cost of a friend. Some deep thought lets us know that when even a small mistake has been made，your feeling will stay out of balance __4__ the mistake is acknowledged and your regret is expressed.
I remember a doctor friend __5__(tell)me about a man who came to him with __6__(vary)illnesses：headache，insomnia，stomachaches and
so on. No physical cause could __7__(find). Finally the doctor said to the man，“Unless you tell me what's on your conscience，I can't help you. ”
After __8__ short silence，the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother，who was abroad. His father was __9__(die)，so only he himself knew the matter. The doctor made the man write to his brother making an apology and enclosing a check. In the post office，the man dropped the letter into the mail box. As the letter __10__(disappear)，the man burst into tears. “Thank you，doctor，”he said，“I think I'm all right now. ”And he was.
【语篇解读】本文是生活哲理小短文，文章主要告诉我们该如何承认自己错了，并诚恳地道歉，让自己的心理平衡。

1. 【答案】命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

to acknowledge根据句型It is＋形容词＋不定式判断。

故填to acknowledge。

2. 【答案】命题立意：考查副词。

roughly 根据前文的judged是动词，需要副词修饰。

故填roughly。

3. 【答案】命题立意：考查介词的用法。

at 根据词组at the cost of“以……为代价”，故填at。

4. 【答案】命题立意：考查状语从句。

until/till 根据该复合句主从句之间的关系判断，故判断填until/till。

5. 【答案】命题立意：考查非谓语动词用法。

telling friend是tell的动词执行者。

改填telling。

6. 【答案】命题立意：考查形容词。

various 根据空后的名词illnesses判断应用形容词。

故填yarious。

7. 【答案】命题立意：考查被动态用法。

be found cause是find的动作承受者，应用被动语态，故判断填be found。

8. 【答案】命题立意：考查冠词用法。

a 根据a shout silence“一段时间的沉默”，可知填a。

9. 【答案】命题立意：考查形容词。

dead 根据空前的was可知应填形容词，故判断填dead。

10. 【答案】命题立意：考查时态。

disappeared 根据前后语境判断应用一般过去时。

故判断填disappeared。

Ⅳ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

(2018·宁夏银川市三模)This afternoon I went to see my grandfather by a bus. It was very crowded and I had to stand. Besides me，there was a woman hold a little boy in her arms. In front of her，a young man
occupies two seats，pretending to be sleeping. I heard the little boy curious asking his mother，“What's wrong with the uncle？”I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man. Beyond her expectations，the woman answered with a smile，“Be quiet. This uncle must very tired because of hard work. ”The young man must have heard the word. His face turned red but offered one seat to the woman at once.
【答案】
This afternoon I went to see my grandfather by bus. It was very crowded and I had to stand. me，there was a woman a little boy in her arms. In front of her，a young man two seats，pretending to be sleeping.
I heard the little boy asking his mother，“What's wrong with the uncle？”I had thought perhaps the woman would blame
the man. Beyond expectations，the woman answered with a smile，“Be quiet.
very tired because of hard work. ”The young man must have This uncle must ∧
be
heard the . His face turned red offered one seat to the woman at once.。