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Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The Chinese computer maker Lenovo, which bought IBM’s ThinkPad in 2004, wasn’t the first Chinese company to __1___ a big foreign brand, but it’s still considered the __2___. That’s probably ___3__ China’s other forays into（尝试）buying foreign brands have ended in disaster.
A (An) ____4_ by a private Chinese company to __5___ a once-dominant U.S. lawn mower company, ended in bankruptcy because, among other mistakes, the Chinese firm didn’t realize that Americans __6___ buy mowers mostly in the spring.
___7__ Lenovo’s move was portrayed by many in the West___8__ a sign of China’s rise, Lenovo acted out of desperation, said Yang Yuanqing. Lenovo was losing market share in China. Its technology was middling. It had no __9___ to foreign markets. Lenovo’s American competitors __10___ anti-Chinese flames in Congress, __11___ that Lenovo could __12___ spyware into the computers it was selling to the U.S. government.
Lenovo __13___ by following the lead of an increasing number of Chinese firms: returning to
its roots. Yuan Yuanqing was reappointed its chief executive and focused Lenovo __14___ the company’s one bright spot: the China market. Sales _15____, despite lackluster performance overseas. Lenovo might not have much of a brand overseas, __16___ its association with a foreign firm has helped it in China. Lenovo’s computers_17____ command twice the price in China that they __18___ in the United States. Chinese officials pushing the going-out strategy have looked at Lenovo as a __19___ for Chinese firms seeking to become known multinational brands. But for China’s companies, going out might be the _20____ to staying alive at home.
1. A. demand B. require C. acquire D. request
2. A. pioneer B. successor C. loser D. marker
3.A. because B since C. why D. how
4. A. test B. experiment C. trial D. move
5. A. take in B. take off C. take over D. take out
6. A. tend to B. must C. ought to D. likely to
7. A. Although B. If C. When D. What
8. A. for B. on C. as D. like
9. A. available B. access C. option D. choice
10. A. aggravate B. mitigate C. deteriorate D. fan
11. A. charging B. accusing C. insulating D. asserting
12. A. insert B. uninstall C. fix D. delete
13. A. respond B. behave C. answer D. conduct
14. A. for B. as C. on D. at
15. A. decreased B. slumped C. skyrocketed D. raised
16. A. and B. in addition C. but D. furthermore
17. A. routinely B. in all C. above all D. after all
18. A. are B. do C. be D. have
19. A. model B. image C. prototype D. duplicate
20. A. way B. choice C. best D. secret
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
This summer a made-for-TV movie about a tornado carrying man-eating sharks was a surprise hit in America. The unreasonable plot of “Sharknado” may strike a chord with media bosses who have watched the internet destroy their business over the past decade. Newspapers have lost readers and advertising to the internet. Book and music shops have closed for good. Sales of DVDs and CDs have decreased. The television industry has so far resisted big disruption but that has not stopped doomsayers predicting a flight of advertising and viewers.
In 2008 Jeff Zucker, then the president of NBCUniversal, a big entertainment group, felt great sorrow over the trend of “trading analogue dollars for digital pennies”. But those pennies are starting to add up. And even Mr Zucker, now boss of CNN Worldwide, a TV news channel, has changed his tune. Old media is “well, well beyond digital pennies,” he says. What has changed his mind? The surge in smartphones, tablet computers and broadband speeds has encouraged more people to pay for content they can carry around with them. According to eMarketer, a research firm, this year Americans will spend more time online or using computerised media than watch ing television. “All-access” services, such as Netflix (for film and TV) or Spotify (for music), which give unlimited content on mobile devices for a monthly fee, are prompting people to spend more on digital products.
After years of havoc, the internet is helping media companies to grow. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), a professional-services firm, reckons that revenues for online media and entertainment will increase by around 13% a year for the next five years. Even in music, which took the biggest hit from the internet, downloads are something to sing about. For the first time in over a decade global music-industry revenues grew last year, by about 0.2%,
according to the IFPI, a trade group. Online sales just about made up for the drop in physical ones for the first time. Subscription services, such as Spotify and Deezer, let people stream songs over the internet either for a subscription or free with adverts. Online radio is also growing. On-demand and radio streaming services raked in abo ut $1 billion, 15% of the industry’s revenues in America in 2012.
The fear that streaming would influence downloads is seemingly misplaced. Tiny sums—ten plays bring in around four cents for on-demand streaming and much less for radio—are adding up as more people try out the services, and listen to their favourite songs repeatedly. Mobile-phone companies offering subscriptions with bundled music services, like Vodafone in Britain with Spotify, will help to boost payouts. “Streaming is a good business that w ill eventually become a really big business,” says Troy Carter, Lady Gaga’s manager. There is also evidence that streaming could reduce piracy, by offering a cheap, legal and convenient way to listen to music.
21. Why the author mentioned the made-for-TV movie about a tornado in the first paragraph?
A. Because the movie caused a surprise hit in America.
B. Because the author loved it very much.
C. Because the unreasonable plot of “Sharknado” struck a chord with media bosses.
D. Because media companies took a battering from the internet which was irrational just like the plot of the movie.
22. Why did Mr. Zucker chang his mind?
A. Because he felt sorrow at the trend of “trading analogue dollars for digital pennies”.
B. Because old media could only bring a few pennies.
C. Because people were encouraged to spend more on digital products.
D. Because he was promoted from the president of NBC Universal to the boss of CNN Worldwide.
23. The word “havoc” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _____.
A. damage
B. growth
C. hard work
D. preparation
24. What is the attitude of the author towards streaming?
A. Supportive
B. Skeptical
C. Impartial
D. Biased
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Digital Media: Counting The change
B. Streaming --- A Good Business
C. Old Media Is in Danger
D. Digital Pennies
Text 2
Long before the Asian tsunami struck, the science community predicted the particular region of Indonesia to be hit by the next big earthquake; and the engineering and technology community had developed early warning systems costing only $ 30 million. But no government in the region heeded the warnings and no early warning systems were in place. According to Sir David King，the Government’s chief scientific adviser, 100 000 victims of the tsunami might still be alive today if the advance warnings had been heeded.
Today’s technology community is a triumph of international collaboration where engineers and scientists combine to develop solutions to our biggest problems. Of course, technology can not stop natural disasters but it can mitigate their impact. We are able to identify the birds affected by avian flu. We can chart their migration patterns around the world. We have the means to pursue vaccines. And we have the communication channels to keep people informed.
Hailing the virtues of technology is not to pretend technology is perfect in every regard. Far from it. The extravagant and unsustainable use of technology in energy and transport has contributed to climate change. But that does not mean technology has failed us. We must never lose sight of the fact that technology itself will deliver the solutions to the very problems it can create. If we can’t，technology will remain sidelined and undervalued, and this major social failure will progressively disadvantage us all.
Governments are not alone in ignoring the views of their scientific community；the public too has its doubts. In my view，part of the reason for this lack of confidence must be caused by our own failure to engage them in a meaningful way about their concerns. Trust is a two-way street. Instead of claiming that everything would be rosy in the scientific garden，we，in the science community，must work hard to explore concerns，discover fears and go into the depths of public perceptions.
We are getting there. There is a growing realization that effective public engagement is of far greater value than banging the “public understanding” drum. Last year，for example，the Royal Academy of Engineering，in partnership with the Royal Society，produced a major report on nanotechnology. We looked at the environmental，health and safety，ethical and social implications. We worked with representatives of all the key stakeholders and disciplines，people who approached the topic from a variety of angles. And I believe the product of our work was significantly enhanced as a result of this broad，inclusive approach.
26. The author begins his article with the Asian tsunami struck to
A. criticize the backward technology of Indonesia.
B. warn of the heavy cost of ignoring technology.
C. prove the accuracy of the scientists’ predictions.
D. highlight the importance of buying warning systems.
27. The word “mitigate”(Line 3,Paragraph 2) is closet in meaning to
A. aggravate
B. identify
C. alleviate
D. remove
28. The reason why the public is losing confidence in science is that
A. they are not involved in what they are concerned with.
B. technology has brought insolvable problems to the mankind.
C. they don’t care about wha t scientists do to the nature.
D. scientists are well aware of the public doubts.
29. What is the author’s attitude towards technology?
A. Biased
B. Indifferent
C. Critical
D. Approving
30. The author believes that，in the face of public ignorance，science community should
A. gain more understanding from the public.
B. let the public participate effectively
C. feel no shame for their cause.
D. str ive to change people’s attit ude.
Text 3
Over a century ago, Alfred Russell Wallace wrote that “we lived in a zoologically impoverished world, from which all of the hugest, and fiercest, and strangest forms have recently disappeared... ”.Researchers seeking to explain this “marvelous fact”, as Wallace called it, fall into two camps, one invoking global climatic change and the other human hunting as the cause. Over the past few decades, the debate has become deadlocked, in part because most researchers have focused their attention on the America and northern Eurasia, where the extinction of huge, fierce, and strange creatures occurred between 12500 and about 11000 years ago. This was a time of rapid climatic change, but it was also when humans first arrived in these regions, making it difficult to discern causality.
Australia provides the only separate, continent-sized natural laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinctions occurred. It is thus of exceptional importance as a testing ground for extinction theories, but until now problems with dating have limited its potential. Some people have now documented the extinction of the gigantic Australian bird Genyornis and so have broken new ground in dating megafaunal extinction in Australia. At the same time, these authors have broken the current deadlock in the great megafaunal extinction debate.
It has long been appreciated that the intensity of Quaternary extinctions varied greatly around the world. In the oceans, Africa, and the Southeast Asia, they were nonexistent or mild.
Europe experienced moderate extinction rates, whereas the America, Australia, Madagascar, and many Oceanic islands suffered dramatic extinctions. North America lost 73% of all genera weighing more than 44 kg, but Australia suffered the most severely of all the continents, losing every terrestrial vertebrate species larger than a human, as well as many smaller mammals, reptiles, and flightless birds, the latter down to about a kilogram in weight. In all, about 60 vertebrate species were lost
Establishing just when this bizarre array of creatures last trod Australia’s outb ack has been a tortuous business, with many false leads and sites that are difficult to interpret. For decades, it was believed that the megafauna survived until close to the time of the glacial maximum, some 20000 years ago, when temperatures were up to 9℃cooler than at present and the continent was extremely arid. Conditions were so extreme that trees virtually disappeared from the inland, and 40% of Australia was transformed into a vast active dune field.
31. The primary purpose of the text is to_____.
A. analyze the possible cause of Quaternary extinctions.
B. compare the intensity of magafaunal extinctions between different continents.
C. demonstrate the most destructive agent in the extinction of species.
D. describe the strange phenomenon of Quaternary extinctions.
32. The direct reason for the megafaunal extinction in America and northern Eurasia is_____.
A. human hunting
B. climate change
C. impoverished land
D. in dispute
33. The basic problem of extinction research about Australia lies in_____.
A. little convincing archeological evidence.
B. limited variety of gigantic creatures.
C. determining the date when dramatic extinction occurs.
D. difficulty to discern casualties.
34. To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?
A. Australia lost every terrestrial vertebrate species in Quaternary extinctions.
B. The globe was close to glacial maximum some 20,000 years ago.
C. Australia is an ideal natural laboratory to test extinction theory
D. Human beings survived Quaternary extinctions in Australia.
35. The word “bizarre” (Line1, Paragraph4) probably means_____.
A. unusual or strange
B. marvelous or supernatural
C. dramatic or powerful
D. vast or gigantic
Text 4
The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very beginning. While the moral and philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual, the application of cloning technology can be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered species of animals, which aside from cloning, have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction.
The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintroduction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors, ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likely candidates for this technique are species known to have very few surviving members, such as the African Bongo Antelope, the Sumatran Tiger, and the Chinese Giant Panda. In the case of Giant Panda, some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed, perhaps paving the way for cloning as the next step in the process.
With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world, the urgency of the situation has led to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. “Hua Mei” was born in 1999 after her parents, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, had trouble conceiving naturally.
The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda, the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female black bears and then fertilized with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear, where it will grow
and mature, until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host.
Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis on cloning as a method by which to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods, such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloning counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species' habitats anyway, making cloning technology the only practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated, as both sides weigh the benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue.
36. According to the passage, what is the attitude of the author towards cloning?
A. Supportive
B. Skeptical
C. Impartial
D. Biased
37. The author mentions “Hua Mei” in Paragraph 3 in order to_____.
A. show the necessity of cloning to the survival of some species.
B. show artificial techniques for creating offspring have succeeded
C. show the urgency of the situation that panda faces
D. show cloning is of great significance
38. According to Paragraph 4, the best candidate for cloning would be_____.
A. endangered species with many living related species
B. the giant panda and the American black bear
C. those for which cloning is the only way to preserve them
D. those to which artificial techniques have been successfully applied
39. The main purpose of the last paragraph is to_____.
A. provide other information to the evaluation of cloning as a preservation technique.
B. show the author’s objective attitude towards cloning
C. raise one issue for readers to consider
D. display both sides’ arguments in cloning
40. Which of the following sentence would the author most likely agree with?
A. Cloning will draw funding away from other preservation methods.
B. Since cloning has been a controversial issue, we should give it up for ever and develop other
methods to preserve the endangered species.
C. Cloning could help avoid extinction, so we should support it regardless of the outcome.
D. Cloning should be taken seriously and objectively so as to help species avoid extinction
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
(41) He is one of the truly great war correspondents, a monumental figure who reported from Afghanistan（阿富汗）for 20 years and won almost every literary prize offered in Italy; he is a writer whose description of his country’s troubled history subverts both official versions. They are some of the most important voices in the world today, honored intellectuals in their own countries. In the English-speaking world, in fact, major publishing houses are inexplicably resistant to any kind of translated material at all.
The statistics are shocking in this age of so-called globalization.(42) In the United States and Britain, only 2 to 3 percent of books published each year are translations, compared with almost 35 percent in Latin America and Western Europe. But this is no mere national embarrassment. The dearth of translated literature in the English-speaking world represents a new kind of iron curtain we have constructed around ourselves.(43) We are choosing to block off access to the writing of a large and significant portion of the world, including movements and societies whose potentially dreadful political impact on us is made even more menacing by our general lack of familiarity with them.
Publishers have their excuses, of course.(44) This is nothing but a publishing shibboleth（陈词滥调）that leads to a chicken-and-egg conundrum.: Is a limited readership for translations the reason why so few are published in the English world? Or is that readership limited because English-language publishers provide their readers with so few translations? Certainly, the number of readers of literature--in any language-is on the decline, and serious, dedicated editors face real difficulties bringing good books to the marketplace. But that is not the fault of translation. (45)On the contrary, we need to ask what we forfeit（丧失）as readers and as a society if we lose access
to translated literature by voluntarily reducing its presence in our community or quietly standing by as it is drastically and arbitrarily curtailed.
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
The 60th anniversary of the founding of Capital Normal University (CNU) will fall on the next Saturday. Please write an invitation letter of about 100 words to alumnus（校友）.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Capital Normal University” instead.
(10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1）describe the drawing briefly,
2）interpret its intended meaning, and
3）give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)
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