【K12教育学习资料】[学习]2018-2019学年高中英语 Unit 2 Heroes Secti

Section ⅣLanguage
Points(Ⅱ)( Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)
[语言基础自测]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The films full of violence(暴力) are bad for children and young people. 2．Soon they became very skilful(熟练的) at answering such questions. 3．Honeybees communicate in an amazing(令人惊异的) way.
4．I received a most unusual(不寻常的) present from my aunt.
5．She has got brilliant(辉煌的) achievements in the field of biology.
6．It is 30 years since he joined the revolution.
7．The university was founded by a millionaire.
8．Fortunately，he broke away from these people years ago.
9．His grammar is awful，especially when he writes articles.
10．The decisions we take now may influence the course of the events in the future. Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．personal adj.私人的；个人的→personally adv.就个人而言
2．equal adj.平等的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等；等同
3．skill n．技巧；技术→skilful adj.灵巧的；熟练的
4．violent adj.暴力的→violence n．暴力
5．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitor n．竞争者
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．in prison 坐牢，入狱
2．fight for 为……而战斗/斗争3．start/begin with 以……开始
4．agree with 同意
5．end up with 结束
6．be keen on 热衷于
7．in one's opinion 就某人看来
8．compete with/against 同……竞争
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．He called on the workers to fight for their rights. 2．In my opinion，what he said is not true at all. 3．The boys competed with each other for the prize. 4．After ten years in prison，he was a free man again. 5．Do you agree with me about the need for more schools? 6．I am keen on climbing the beacon towers.
[寻规律、巧记忆]
found vt.建立；创立
(教材P 24)He led the 1911 revolution and founded the first republic of China.
他领导了1911年的(辛亥)革命，建立了最初的中华民国。

我父母的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础之上。

②Good eating habits and regular exercise are the foundation(found) of a healthy life.
良好的饮食习惯和定期锻炼是健康生活的基础。

[名师点津]
(1)found 作为“创办；建立”讲时，相当于set up 。

如：found/set up a new school 建立一所新学校。

(2)注意found 和find 的过去式、过去分词的不同： found(建立)—founded —founded find(发现)—found —found
struggle n ．斗争；拼搏；努力 v ．奋斗；抗争；挣扎
(教材P 115)After some struggle ，blacks and whites were able to sit together on buses. 经过一番斗争，黑人和白人能够一同坐在公共汽车上。

他独自一人吃力地支撑着他的家。

②James struggled with burglars and frightened them away.
詹姆斯和入室盗贼搏斗并把他们吓跑了。

③Millions of people are struggling for life with high prices.数百万人在高物价下苦苦生存。

equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的
(教材P25)His first victory was to win the equal rights for blacks to sit on buses.他的第一个胜利是为黑人赢得了坐公共汽车的同等权利。

我觉得我能胜任那份工作。

②Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results.毅力在效果上有时能同天才相比。

③We hold up the principle of racial equality(equal)．
我们坚持种族平等的原则。

[图形助记]
相等胜任的
(教材P26)In a recent interview，Venus spoke about the time when she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air.
在最近一次采访中，维纳斯说，那个时候她和塞丽娜练网球时，一路得跑着躲闪空中穿梭的子弹。

【要点提炼】本句为主从复合句。

when作关系副词引导定语从句，修饰先行词time。

我们生活在一个很多事情都在电脑上处理的时代。

②We will never forget those days when (＝on which) we played together last year. 我们将永远不会忘记去年我们一起玩的那些日子。

look back回看；回顾；倒退；回头看
(教材P26)Finally，in 1991，the sisters and their family moved to a safer area and since then they have never looked back.最终在1991年，两姐妹随同家人一起搬到了一个比较安全的地区，从此再也没有故地重游过。

我回顾那些日子，把它当作我生活中最快乐的一段时光。

②We are all looking forward to our holiday.
我们都盼望着假期。

③Look out，there's a car coming.
当心，汽车过来了。

compete vi.比赛；竞争
(教材P26)He has always been very strict with his daughters，training them hard to compete against each other.他对女儿总是非常严厉，并严格训练她们，要她们互相竞争。

他们发现自己在与外国公司争夺市场份额。

②The stores have to compete for customers in the Christmas season.
圣诞节期间，商店不得不为争夺顾客而竞争。

③The firm had better products than its competitors(compete)，so it came first in the competition(compete)．这家公司的产品比其对手的好，所以在竞赛中，这家公司获得了第一名。

(教材P26)Brandi，the sisters' mother，taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.
母亲布兰蒂在家中教两姐妹文化知识，这样，才使她们既没有中断网球生涯，又能顺利地完成高中学业。

【要点提炼】“while＋分词”的省略结构。

离开机场时，我姐姐向我们不停地挥手。

②If translated(translate) word by word，the passage will be difficult to understand. 如果逐字逐句地翻译的话，这篇文章会很难懂。

③If (it is) so，you must go back and get it.
如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。

(教材P26)They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers come to an end.她们都对网球生涯结束后从事设计的工作极感兴趣。

(1)keen adj.强烈的；渴望的，急切的
他告诉我他渴望帮助那些处于困境中的人们。

②Angela is keen on all kinds of pop music.
安杰拉迷上了各种流行音乐。

③We are keen that our school should get involved too.我们盼望着我们的学校也参与其中。

[名师点津]
“渴望”表达法荟萃：
wish/hope for sth.；desire to do sth./for sth.；long to do sth./for sth.；be dying for sth.；be anxious to do sth./for sth.；be eager to do sth./for sth.
(2)come to an end结束；终止
我们今天下午之前要决定好下一步做什么。

⑤When he came to himself(him)，he found himself lying in bed.
他苏醒过来后，发现自己躺在床上。

[名师点津]
“结束”的说法：end up (with)，end (up) in，bring sth.to an end，put an end to sth.。

amazing adj.令人惊异的
(教材P26)The sisters' road to success has been amazing.
这对姐妹的成功之路令人很吃惊。

你将会对我们的进步感到惊讶。

②Many are amazed that Lunar New Year's Eve is not an official holiday now.
许多人大为吃惊，农历新年除夕现在不再是法定假日了。

③To my amazement(amaze)，he came first.
使我吃惊的是，他居然第一个到。

[解构长句难句]
Finally，in 1991，the sisters and their family moved to a safer area and since then they have never looked back.
【分析】句中sin ce then“从那以后”(＝from then on)，是介词短语作时间状语，与现在完成时或过去完成时连用，位置常在句首或句末。

【翻译】最终在1991年，两姐妹随同家人一起搬到了一个比较安全的地区，从此再也没有故地重游过。

[语法专项突破]
现在完成时和一般过去时
[精要点拨]
一、现在完成时
1．表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。

时间状语有：lately，recently，in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里)，since then，up to now，so far等。

He has been busy writing a book recently.
最近他一直在忙着写一本书。

In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。

He has written 8 books so far.
到现在为止，他共写了8本书。

2．表示一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。

常用的时间状语有already，just，yet，never，before等。

He has already turned off the light.
(＝The light is turned off now.)
他已经关灯了。

The concert has already started.
(＝The concert is on now.)
音乐会已经开始了。

I have already seen the film.
(＝I know the film now.)
我已经看过那部电影了。

3．在This/It is the first/second...time＋that从句中，从句要用现在完成时。

This is the first time I have come here.
这是我第一次来这里。

4．在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来已完成的动作。

I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.只有我亲眼看到，我才会相信你。

(强调“看到”)
I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
我干完了工作就和你一起去。

(强调“干完”)
5．瞬间动词(又叫非延续性动词，或终止性动词)可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间；若要接一段时间，需要做一些相应的变换。

He has come to Beijing since last year.(误)
He has lived in Beijing since last year.(正)
他从去年就住在北京。

He has joined the army for 3 years.(误)
He has served in the army for 3 years.(正)
He joined the army 3 years ago.(正)
He has been a soldier for 3 years.(正)
It is 3 years since he joined the army.(正)
他参军3年了。

[即时训练1]
①I have seen(see)the film before，but I decide to see it a second time.
②I have never heard(not hear) of it before.
③I'll help you when I have finished(finish) my paper.
④It is the second time that I have made(make) the mistake.
二、一般过去时
1．表示在过去时间里发生的事件(现在已经结束)或存在的状态。

Tom suddenly fell ill yesterday and had to stay at home for another day.
昨天汤姆突然病了，只好在家再待一天。

The train arrived ten minutes ago.
火车十分钟前到的。

She looked very well when I last saw her.
上次我见到她时，她看上去气色很好。

2．表示过去经常、反复发生的习惯性动作。

I always got up too late，and never had enough time for breakfast.
我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。

【提示】在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

He said he would call me as soon as he arrived.
他说他一到就给我打电话。

She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.她说如果我答应等她，她会来的。

[即时训练2]
①Mary wrote(write) a letter to her penfriend last night.
②When I was a child we always went(go) to the seaside in August.
③I never thought(think) you would bring me a gift.
[应用落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Mr.Wang has worked(work) in the factory since he came to the city.
2．Mary left(leave)school last year and is now studying Chinese here.
3．The young girl sitting next to me on the plane is very nervous.She hasn't flown(not fly)before.
4．Zhao Lan has already studied(study)in this school for two years.
5．Who do you think has sent(send)me such a nice tie?
6．Li Mei always went(go)to school on foot last year.
7．She wasn't(be not)happy when I saw her.
8．I won't go there because I have visited(visit) it three times.
9．I always went(go) fishing with my father when I was a child.
10．As soon as I finished(finish)writing the letter，I ran out of the room to the post office.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Peter has injured his ankle in the cross­country race，but now he is better. 2．She leaves the key in her office so she has to wait until her husband comes back. 3．John and Mary knew each other for a year.They are getting married soon. 4．The radio that I have bought last week has been out of order.
5．They translated this book into several languages since last year.
【答案】 1.去掉has 2.leaves→has left 3.knew→have known 4.去掉have 5.translated前加have
[随堂效果落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．For many years，people have dreamed(dream) of electric cars.However，making them has been more difficult than predicted.
2．The People's Republic of China was founded(found) in 1949.
3．I was amazed(amaze) by the news of George's sudden death.
4．I still remember the time when I first met him.
5．She is so shy that she never speaks first until spoken(speak)to.
6．Several companies are competing for the contract.
7．He struggled to keep(keep) up with the other students in the class.
8．His advice was useless(use) to our project，so we refused it.
9．It is evident that he is not equal to the job.
10．Her father is a skilled(skill) mechanic.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Photographers，models and singers all struggled with money and fame. 2．Unless inviting to attend the party，I won't go to his house.
3．She did not feel equal to receive visitors.
4．I mind the time which we were in New York together.
5．He is keen have a look at the Great Wall.
【答案】 1.with→for 2.inviting→invited 3.receive→receiving 4.which→when 5.keen后加to。