2017高一英语定语从句讲解

定语从句解说
1．定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable.
Those who work hard will make progress.
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：指引定语从句的词叫关系词。

1）关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why 等。

2）关系词往常有以下三个作用： A 、指引定语从句； B 、取代先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句, who is shaking hands with my father 饰先行词the man，“who”是指引定语从句的关系词，取代先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

（二）关系代词指引的定语从句
1． who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

成分。

比如：是定语从句，修
2． whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。

The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用
who 来取代，也可省略。

但直接介词后只用whom, 不行省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.（whom不行省略）
3． which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语常常可省略。

或在非限拟订语从句中取代整个主句。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry.
4． that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom ；指物时，相当于 which. 。

在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语常常可省略。

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man (that / whom) I
saw this morning? 我今日清晨看到的那个人在哪儿？ Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.
5． whose往常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜见了一个全国有名的科学家。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我以前住在那幢屋顶已经坍毁了的房屋里。

注意：指物时，常用以下构造来取代：
We live in a house,__________ windows face the sea.
We live in a house,___________ the windows face the sea.
We live in a house, the windows__________ face the sea
We live in a beautiful house, and the windows _________ face the sea
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=_____________________=_________________
（三）“介词 +关系代词”指引的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词 +关系代词”引出。

The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他以前就读过的学校很有名。

This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
=This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。

The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
=The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不打开，介词仍放在短语动词的后边。

如：
正 )这是我正在找的腕表。

This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)
look for, look after, take care of等。

The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（）
２．若介放在关系代前，关系代指人只可用whom ，不行用who, that ；关系代指物只可用which ，不可用 that。

关系代是全部格用whose。

The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. ()
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ()
３．“介 +关系代”前可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代或许数。

如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom =(⋯)are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which= （⋯） have gone bad.
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
（四）关系副引的定从句
1． when 指，在定从句中作状。

I still remember the day when=( ⋯ ) I first came to this school.
The time when we got together finally arrived.我聚的刻于到了。

2． where 指地址，在定从句中作地址状。

Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。

The house where=(⋯ ) I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
I visited the farm where=( ⋯ ) a lot of cows were raised .
3． why 指原由，在定从句中作原由状。

Please tell me the reason why=(⋯ ) you missed the plane. 告我你机的原由。

I don ’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今日什么看上去不快乐。

注意：关系副引的定从句常能够用“介 +关系代”引的定从句来表示。

如：
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.
（五）限制性定从句和非限制性定从句
限制性定从句
形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句分开。

意上：是先行不行缺乏的定，如除，主句失掉意或意思表达不完好。

法上：成先行的定：“．．．的”
关系的使用上：A．作可省略B．可用that C．可用who取代whom
非限制性定从句
形式上：用逗号“，”与主句分开。

意上：不过先行的充明，如除，主句还能表达完好的意思。

法上：往常成主句的并列句。

关系的使用上：A．不行省略B．不用that C．不行用who取代whom
限制性定从句例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the person (that/who/whom)I could depend on.
China is a country which/that has a long history.中国是一个史悠长的国家。

非限制性定从句例：
His mother, who ( 不用 that)loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which （不用 that） was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
I visited the People ’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.
使用定从句注意的几个:
（一）限制性定从句中只好用that 引定从句的状况
等不定代，或当先行受1．当先行是everything, anything, nothing (something除外), all, none, few, little, some
every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代修。

如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?李老的你都下来了？
All that can be done has been done. 全部能做的都做好了。

There is little that I can do for you.我不可以你干什么。

He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.注意：当先行指人，偶也可用关系代
who，如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.
2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高等修饰时。

如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。

3．当先行词被the very, the only ， the last 修饰时。

如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的字典。

After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
注意：当先行词指人时，有时也可用关系代词who。

如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
4．当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时。

如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
5．当先行词既有人又有物时。

如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
此外： 1)直接介词后只用which/whom, 作定语可用whose，不用 who 和 that
2)that 不指引非限拟订语从句
3）that 和 who 都能够指人，但下边两种状况，多用 who 。

①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones 等时。

如：All who heard the news were excited. ②先行词为those, he 和 people 时。

如：
Those who want to go please sign your names here.
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
（二）关系代词as 和 which 指引的定语从句
as 和 which 指引非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不一样之处。

详细状况是：
1.as 和 which 都能够在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。

如：
He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她成婚了，这是很自然的事。

He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。

2. as 指引的非限制性定语从句能够放在主句以前、主句以后，甚至还能够切割主句。

句只可放在主句以后。

此外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义，用于一些固定构造。

如：
人都能看到的那样which 指引的非限制性定语从as anybody can see正如人
as is well known = as is known to all尽人皆知
as we had expected 正如我们所料想的那样
as often happens正如常常发生的那样
as has been said before如上所说
as is mentioned above 正如上边提到的
As（不用 which ） is known to all, China is a developing country.
He is from the south, as （可用 which ） we can know from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，约翰是个有名作家。

Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don ’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词常常只用which 。

如：
3. 当先行词受such, the same ,as 修饰时，关系词常用as。

如：
I ’ never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。

He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。

This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.这部字典跟我上礼拜丢掉的相同。

注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，有时也用that 指引定语从句，但与as 指引的定语从句意思有差别。

如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary ’s wedding. 她衣着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。

She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她衣着跟她妹妹所穿的相同的连衣裙。

( 三 ) 以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句做状语时往常由in which或that
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.
I don ’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.我不喜爱你冲她的样子。

指引，并且往常能够省略。

如：
但 The way _____he explained to us was not practical.
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词仍是关系副词指引定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。

试比较：
A. I know a place _____ we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们能够野炊的地方。

I know a place______ is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
B.I will never forget the days ____ we spent our holidays together.
I will never forget the days_____we spent together.我永久忘不了我们一同度过的日子。

C. This is the reason____ he was dismissed.这就是他被辞退的原由。

This is the reason______ he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. ........................ 附带内容 .....................................................................................................
（五）定语从句与同位语从句的差别
1．定语从句修饰限制先行词，它对先行词修饰限制；同位语从句解说先行词的详细内容，它对先行词解说说明。

The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（_____从句）
The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （ ____从句）
2．定语从句关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时常常可省略。

同位语从句主要由连
词 that 指引时，在从句中一般不担当作分；有时也由 where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词指引，这些连词则在从句中担当作分。

The news that he has just died is true.（____从句）他刚才逝世了，这个信息是真的。

The news that he told me is true.（____从句）他告诉我的信息是真的。

The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（_____从句）
The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（____从句）他提出的问题让我们很犯难。

The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（____从句）
3．同位语从句与先行词一般能够用动词be 发展成一个表语从句如： A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful., 而定语从句则不可以。

（同位语从句）
The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
B. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同位语从句）
The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
（六）定语从句与状语从句，重申句型等的差别及须划分的几点：
1.He is such a good student _____we all like .(____ 从句 )
He is such a good student _____ we all like him (____ 从句 )
2.This is the house _____ we lived in 5 years ago.(____ 从句 )
Put a mark _____ you have questions .(_____ 从句 )
A.where
B.in which
C.which
D.on which
3.It is the street ______I lost my bike.(_______)
It is in the street ______I lost my bike .(________)
It was 8 o ’ clock________I went home.(_________)
It was at 8 o’ clock______I went home.(__________)
4.Is this the book _____you are looking for?
Is the book _____ you are looking for?
A. that
B.who
C.the one
D. for which
5.Tom is one of the students who _____ been admitted to Beijing University.(定语从句主谓一致)
Tom is the one of the students who _____ been admitted to Beijing University.
Those who ___ against the plan put up your hands.
6. The earth is round, ___ we all know.=___ is known to all, the earth is round.
=___ is known to all that the earth is round.=_____is known to all is that the earth is round.
7.当先行词为 time ，表示“次数”时，应用关系词 that 或省略。

如：
This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.
It is time that you _______ (get) up.
定语从句
1． This is the best factory ____we visited last year .
A. where
B. which
C. in which
D. that
2.Is this the factory ____computers are built ?
A. that
B. which
C. in which
D. in that
3.Please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .
A. whose
B.its
C. which
D. which of
4.The man ____has arrived .
A. whom I told you
B. that I told you
C. whom I told you about him
D. I told you about
5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?
A. to whom
B. to who
C. whom
D. to that
6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .
A. from where
B. in which
C. which
D. in where
7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 8. He asked us to watch
carefully everything ___he did in class . A. who B. that C. what
D. where
9. I’ ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai .
A. who
B. that
C. when
D. which
10.The school ___I study is a new one .
A. on which
B. at where
C. on that
D. at which
11.China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .
A. in which
B. at which
C. which
D. of which
12.The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .
A. what
B. where
C. that
D. which
13.Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north .
A. which
B. his
C. that
D. whose
14.Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?
A. whom
B. to whom
C. to who
D. about whom
15.Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. what
16.I told you ____I know .
A. all that
B. all which
C. all what
D. all whom
17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .
A. of which
B. of whom
C. of who
D. of them
18.Is this factory ____we visited last year ?
A. in which
B. around that
C. whom
D. the one
19.Who is the man ____was there ?
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
20.Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. who
21.I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress .
A. which
B. in which
C. on that
D. on which
22.The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .
A. with which
B. with it
C. with that
D. which
23.The games ____the young men competed in were difficult .
A.in which
B. which
C. it
D. who
24.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.
A. who
B. whom
C. he
D. which
定语从句答案 :
1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 25 DABBA
用适合的词填空：
1.The boys are playing football are from Class One.
2.Yesterday I helped an old man lost his way.
3.Mr. Liu is the person you talked about on the bus.
4.Mr. Ling is just the boy I want to see.
5.Football is a game is liked by most boys.
6.This is the pen he bought yesterday.
7.The number of the people come to visit the city each year rises one million.
8.Where is the man I saw this morning?
9.He has a friend father is a doctor.
10. I once lived in a house roof has fallen in.
11.The classroom door is broken will soon be repaired.
12.The classroom the door of is broken will soon be repaired.
13.Do you like the book cover is yellow?
14.Do you like the book the color of is yellow?
15.The school he once studied in is very famous.
16.The school he once studied is very famous.
17.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine you asked for.
18.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for you asked.
19.We'll go to hear the famous singer we have often talked about.
20.We'll go to hear the famous singer about we have often talked.
21.This is the watch I am looking for.
22.The man with you talked is my friend.
23.The plane in we flew to Canada is very comfortable.
24.He loved his parents deeply, both of are very kind to him.
25.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of have gone bad.
26.There are forty students in our class in all, most of are from big cities.
27.I n the dark street, there wasn't a single person to________ she could turn for help.
28.I still remember the day I first came to the school.
29.The time we got together finally came.
30.Shanghai is the city I was born.。