WCDMA无线接入网介绍

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Unit 14
W ords & Phrases
co-siting[ ☜◆♦♋♓♦♓☠] n. 全面共址
disproportionate[ ♎♓♦☐❒☜☐☞☜⏹♓♦] adj. 不相称,不成比例
handover[ ♒✌⏹♎☜◆☜] n.移交
handset[ ♒✌⏹♎♦♏♦] n.手持(移动)设备
hereinafter[ ♒♓☜❒♓⏹♐♦☜] adv. 后面
operability[ ☐☜❒☜♌♓●♓♦♓] n. 可操作性
roam[❒☜◆❍] vi. 漫游
block out 阻断,封闭
intended recipient 预定接收机
traffic load 通信负载,话务量
traffic throughput[ ♦❒✌♐♓❒◆☐◆♦] 通话能力
A-interface A接口(GSM BSS与核心网之间的接口)
Abis-interface Abis接口(GSM BSC与BTS之间的接口)
Iu-interface Iu接口(WCDMA与核心网之间的接口)
3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project) 第三代伙伴计划
CDMA2000 基于ANSI-41协议标准的码分复用接入
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 码分多路接入
CDMAOne 基于IS-95协议标准的码分复用接入GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信系统
GSM BSC (GSM Base Station Controller) GSM 基站控制器
GSM BSS (GSM Base Station Subsystem) GSM 基站子系统
GSM BTS (Base Transceiver Station) GSM 基站发送接收器
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)国际电信联盟
Mcps(Mega chip per second) 每秒兆片
RAB (Radio Access Bearer) 无线接入承载器
RAN (Radio Access Network) 无线接入网络
RBS (Radio Base Station) 无线基站
RNC (Radio Network Controller) 无线网络控制器
QoS (Quality of Service) 服务质量
WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) 宽带码分多址接入
Notes
[1]. The GSM Radio Base Station (RBS) corresponds to the WCDMA RBS, and the A-interface of GSM was the basis of the development of the Iu-interface of WCDMA, which mainly differs in the inclusion of the new services offered by WCDMA. The significant differences, apart from the lack of interface between the GSM BSCs and GSM Abis-interface to provide multi-vendor operability, are more of a systemic matter. which引导的非限定性定语从句指代前面的两个并列句;句中曾两次提到“差别”,一个是mainly differs in…作谓语,另一个是The significant
differences作主语,因significant较mainly语气上强,故后者可译成“差别最大的”。

[参考译文] GSM无线基站(RBS)对应于WCDMA的无线基站RBS,GSM A接口又是WCDMA Iu接口的发展基础,两者的主要区别在于WCDMA提供新业务的内容上。

差别最大的,除了在GSM BSCs与Abis接口之间缺乏提供多用户可操作性接口之外,大多是系统的差别。

[2]. For each subscriber service the aim is that the base station shall receive the same power level from all handsets in the cell regardless of distance from the base station. If the power level from one handset is higher than needed, the quality will be excessive, taking a disproportionate share of the resources and generating unnecessary interference with the other subscribers in the network. 主句为系表结构;并列分词短语taking… and generating…对谓语动词所在句作进一步的补充说明。

[参考译文] 对每个用户而言,功率控制的目的是,无论手持设备距离基站多远,基站接收到小区内所有手持设备的功率都相等。

如果接收到的某一手持设备的功率电平高于预定功率电平,通信质量将会超过限值,这样会造成不按比例共享资源,并对网络中的其他用户产生不必要的干扰。

[3]. Power control also gives rise to a phenomenon called “cell breathing”. This is the trade-off between coverage and capacity, which means that the size of the cell varies depending on the traffic load. Thi s代替前句phenomenon, which means that…为非限定性定语从句,which表示整个主句。

[参考译文] 功率控制会导致一种被称作为是“小区呼吸”的现象,它是由于覆盖范围与用户容量之间存在折衷而产生,说明小区大小应随话务量载荷而变化。

[4]. To achieve good system performance with a frequency re-use of 1 and power control, soft and softer handover is required. Soft and softer handover enables the handset to maintain the continuity and quality of the connection while moving from one cell to another. 由to引出动词不定式短语作目的状语,其逻辑主语为system;此外,采用正说反译法可将maintain the continuity of connection译成“维持连接不中断”
[参考译文] 为使具有一次频率复用和功率控制的系统获得良好性能,需要使用软切换和较软切换。

他们在手持设备从一个小区移动到另一个小区时,能维持连接不中断并保持通信质量。

[5]. By this the operator can maximize the network usage within a set of network quality levels, i.e. levels depending on what kind of service/information the subscriber wants to use. 谓语maximize原意为“最大化”,这里应根据上下文译成“最大限度地使用网络”
[参考译文] 运营商据此可在网络质量等级允许范围内最大限度地使用网络,也即,网络质量等级取决于用户想要使用的服务或信息类型。

Grammar
科技英语常见语法错误
1. 违反一致性原则
主要指英语的主谓语、代词及其先行词在性、数及一些主从复合句在时态上的不一致等。

1)主语与谓语不一致
[例1]Much have recently been done in the researches on the wideband CDMA. (much为不可数名词,后应跟单形动词has)
[译文] 近来在宽带CDMA研究方面做了大量工作。

[例2]The professor as well as his students are working overtime.(are应改为is)
[译文] 教授和他的学生都在加班工作。

注:as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词要与第一个名词或代词的人称和数保持一致,类似的词还有along/together with, accompanied by, combined with, rather than 等。

[例3]This is one of the books on mobile communication that has been published by the
publishing house. (has应改为have)
[译文] 这是该出版社已出版的移动通信专著之一。

注:在one of + 复数名词+定语从句这种结构中,从句谓语动词要用复数形式。

[例4]After the key problem had been overcome, the rest was easily solved. (the rest是集合名词,表示复数概念,应用复数形式were)
[译文] 关键问题攻克之后,其余问题就迎刃而解了。

2) 代词与其先行词不一致
[例5]If one can build the chip big enough or fast enough, then it seemingly does not matter if you
use inefficient algorithms. (应将you use改为he uses,或者将one改为you)
[译文] 若能设计出容量足够大或者速度足够快的芯片,那么采用效率低的算法似乎并没有
什么关系。

[例6]These kind of studies was not started until the new experimental equipment was put to use.
(指示代词与其所修饰的名词不一致,应改为These kinds of studies were 或This kind of study)
[译文] 这类研究直到新的实验设备投入使用后才开始进行。

3) 时态与时间不一致
[例7]As is known to all, mobile communication began its development since 1980. (since
常用于完成时,应将since改为in)
[译文]众所周知,移动通信的研制始于1980年。

2. 用词不当
用词不当包括的范围较广,如及物动词与非及物动词混淆,固定搭配不当,非限定动词使用不当,词性误用等。

[例8]The video signal causes the brightness of the spot to vary in proportion with the intensity of light in the original image. (in proportion to是固定搭配,将with改为to)
[译文] 视频信号使光点的亮度变化与原图像中光的强度成正比。

[例9]The experimental equipment needs being repaired. (want, deserve, require, w orth等后面的
动名词虽然表示被动的意思,但却要用其主动形式,改为needs repairing)
[译文] 实验设备需要维修。

[例10]Because the capacity of a communications path is dependent on the bandwidth of the path,
so bandwidth is a very important ingredient in data communications.(去掉Because或so)[译文] 带宽是数据通信中很重要的部分,因为信道容量取决于它。

注:由于中英文表达方式的不同,汉语中的“因为…所以…”,“虽然…但是…”等在英
语中仅用一个从属连词即可。

3. 句子成分残缺
句子缺少某些必不可少的成分,最常见的是缺少主语或谓语。

[例11]As an example of soft or softer handover, is shown in Figure 3.(缺主语,is前加it)[译文] 软切换或更软切换的例子如图3所示。

4. 位置颠倒
句子的各种附加成分必须按照不同的语言习惯和语法要求,放在合适的位置。

[例12]
[译文]
5. 非类并列
把几种不同种类,不同性质的词或词组并列起来作句子的同一成分,往往会使整句的意思含混。

[例13] In CDMAOne and CDMA2000, a 1.25MHz wide radio signal is multiplied by a spreading signal with a higher rate than the message.(应改为在 a higher rate than that of the message或者a higher rate than the data rate of the message)
[译文] 在CDMAOne和CDMA2000系统中,将带宽为1.25MHz的射频信号与一个数据率高于信息信号数据率的扩频信号相乘。

6. 悬垂修饰语
悬垂修饰语常指句首的短语与后面主句的逻辑关系混乱不清.
[例14] Comparing with the existing methods, this new method has a few advantages.(短语中compare的逻辑主语应是人,而非method,可在主句前加we find that)
[译文] 与现有的方法比较,新方法有几个优点。

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