2021届郑州市第五十一中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案

2021届郑州市第五十一中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
WashingtonD.C.Sightseeing
With the information below, you’re not missing anything in D.C.! Click Here to find the perfect hotel for your stay as well.
TheOldTownTrolley Tour
It offers something for the whole family. Not only will it give them something fun to do, but it will give them a history lesson. This tour will last about three hours and it’s proper for people of all ages.
African American History Tour
Be sure to take this tour because African Americans have had an important role in the making of our country. Take this historical four-hour tour, where you will visit some important sites includingMuseumofAfrican American Historyand Culture.
Comedy WalksWashingtonD.C.
This is a great experience allowing you to enjoy the capital in a new way. The walking tour lasts for about one hour and thirty minutes, which takes place in less than a mile journey from the starting place.
D.C. Twilight Tour
Check out the D.C. Twilight Tour for a unique view of some of the most famous sites! What makes this two-hour guided tour truly unique is that you can view many wonderful sites at night time!
1. Which tour is recommended to a tourist who is fond of hiking?
A. TheOldTownTrolley Tour
B. African American History Tour
C. Comedy WalksWashington
D.C. D. D.C. Twilight Tour
2. Which tour lasts longest?
A. TheOldTownTrolley Tour
B. African American History Tour
C. Comedy WalksWashington
D.C. D. D.C. Twilight Tour
3. Where will you read this text most likely?
A. In a guidebook.
B. In a magazine.
C. In a newspaper.
D. On the Internet.
B
A growing body of research is revealing associations between birth defects (缺陷) and a father's age, alcohol use and environmental factors, say researchers atGeorgetown University Medical Center. They say these defects result from epigenetic changes that can potentially affect multiple generations.
The study, published in theAmerican Journal of Stem Cells, suggest both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring — a common sense conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate, says the study's senior investigator, Joanna Kitlinska, PhD, an associate professor in biochemistry, and molecular and cellular biology.
“We know the nutritional, hormonal and psychological environment provided by the mother permanently influences organ structure, cellular response and gene expression in her offspring,” she says.
“But our study shows the same thing to be true with fathers — his lifestyle, and how old he is, can be reflected in molecules that control gene function,” she says. “In this way, a father can affect not only his immediate offspring, but future generations as well.”
For example, a newborn can be diagnosed with fetal (胎儿的) alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), even though the mother has never consumed alcohol, Kitlinska says. “Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics, suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring.”
Advanced age of a father is correlated with elevated rates of certain diseases, and birth defects in his children.
A limited diet during a father’s preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren. Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells, changes in metabolic regulation, diabetes, obesity and development of brain cancer. Psychosocial stress on the father is linked to defective behavioral traits in his offspring. And paternal alcohol use leads to decreased newborn birth weight, marked reduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.
“This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinically applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations,” Kitlinska says. “And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child, we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects, as opposed to considering each in isolation.”
4. What’s the message the writer conveys in the passage?
A. Both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring.
B. Father’s age and lifestyle are tied to birth defects.
C. Father plays a more critical role in birth defects.
D. Birth defects can potentially affect multiple generations.
5. What can we infer from the example in Paragraph 5?
A. FASD can only be diagnosed in a newborn whose father is addicted to alcohol.
B. A newborn will not contract FASD if his mother has never consumed alcohol.
C. A father’s lifestyle can negatively impact his offspring.
D. Most children have biological fathers who are alcoholics.
6. Which of the following situations is less likely to lead to children’s birth defects?
A. Having a father with a limited diet.
B. Having a father who is an alcoholic.
C. Having an overweight father.
D. Having a father with psychosocial stress.
7. What will the research probably continue to focus on in the part that follows?
A. The maternal epigenetic influences of a child.
B. The ways to avoid negative paternal influence on children.
C. The clinical application of the research findings.
D. The interaction between maternal and paternal effects.
C
UK physicist Isaac Newton once said, ''Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy (傻子). '' Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel andlash out at us.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (新型冠状病毒肺炎, NCP) in China and some other countries at the beginning of this year is an example. According to Xinhua News Agency, the new coronavirus is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017 and probably has an intermediate host (中间宿主). It's believed that the virus originated from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei province, where live wild animals were sold.
The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said, ''This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale, human population density, wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病). ''
In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe (敬畏). For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings.
However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change
and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify (改变) plants, capture some wild and rare animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance. For example, cutting a large number of forests means carbon dioxide must build up in the atmosphere and it contributes to global warming.
Although we don't know for sure what first caused the NCP outbreak, Brian Lamacraft at Medium said it's time for people to ''reflect on our relationship with our planet'' and ''reconnect with this world and everything that we've been given''. After all, according to US poet Gary Snyder, ''Nature is not the place to visit. It's our home. ''
8. What does the phrase ''lash out at'' in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. punish
B. control
C. test
D. challenge
9. What lesson did Daszak think human beings should learn from the NCP outbreak?
A. Bats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.
B. It's impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.
C. We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.
D. Humans should live peacefully with nature.
10. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?
A. How human beings become their own masters.
B. How human activities cause global warming.
C. How human beings break the balance of nature.
D. How humans use technology to improve their lives.
11. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?
A. To reflect on the NCP outbreak.
B. To explain what led to the NCP outbreak.
C. To describe experts' predictions on new pandemics.
D. To compare ancient and modern attitudes toward nature.
D
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the shore hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we stay here.
Tibetan antelopes live mainly on the plains of Tibet. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I'm struck by their beauty. I'm also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted illegally for their valuable fur.
My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a safe place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We're not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we're trying to save ourselves.”
In the 1980s and 1990s the population of Tibetan antelopes dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
In order to save Tibetan antelopes, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.
The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope wasremovedfrom the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection program since the threat to the Tibetan antelope has not yet disappeared. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
12. What can we learn from Zhaxi's words in paragraph 3?
A. Protecting the animals can make money.
B. Protecting the animals is protecting ourselves.
C. He is not fond of protecting the animals.
D. The reserve is only safe for wild animals.
13. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4?
A. Why hunters hunt Tibetan antelopes.
B. Why antelopes' living places changed.
C. Why antelopes' number dropped greatly.
D. Why the 1980s and the 1990s are unusual.
14. What does the underlined word “removed” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Deleted.
B. Changed.
C. Migrated.
D. Recognized.
15. What might be the future condition of Tibetan antelopes according to the last paragraph?
A. They will be over-populated.
B. They will be a threat to man and other wildlife.
C. They will be on the endangered species list again.
D. They will be in harmony with nature and humans.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Everyone has moments of forgetfulness (健忘) from time to time, especially when life gets busy.___16___, having a poor memory can be frustrating. However, research has shown that there are ways to improve your memory.
Get enough sleep
Sleeping well helps make episodic memories stronger.___17___, especially about learning motor skills, such as learning to play a musical instrument or ride a bike. Having a full night’s sleep soon after gaining a new skill helps strengthen the processes involved.
Believe to remember
Positive thinking appears to improve memory performance. Researchers found they could improve the performance of people aged 60 and above in memory tests by presenting them with positive age­related words such as “wise”, and “sharp­witted”.
___18___. Brain scans have shown differences in activity levels in brain regions, according to whether individuals believe they have good recall abilities or not.
___19___
Memories can be weakened if the brain doesn’t have enough downtime to strengthen them. More than a century ago, German scientists showed that people performed almost twice as well in memory tests if they took breaks.
Stay social
___20___. US scientists who asked people in their 50s and 60s to do memory tests every other year found there is a slower decline in recall abilities of the most sociable persons. Having good friends, volunteering and other forms of social engagement also protect memory.
A. Take a break
B. Stay mentally active
C. Having an active social life delays memory loss as we age
D. Poor sleep is thought to have a significant effect on memory
E. Giving others words such as “forgettable” and “confused”weakened their performance
F. While this can be a completely normal phenomenon
G. There is evidence that sleep plays an important role in strengthening memories
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years Ihave really changed. I have started to think about other people___21___I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a___22___person:
I think my___23___started when I was atPalomarCollege. At first, I just wanted to get my___24___, and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever___25___to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really___26___. It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So I tried a(n)___27___. I started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble I___28___to help. That was really a big___29___for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of____30____are still my best friends today.
A bigger cause of my new____31____, however, came when I took a part-time job at a Vista Nursing Home. One old lady there who had Alzheimer s disease became my____32____. Every time I came into her room, she was so____33____because she thought I was her daughter. Her real daughter never____34____her, so I took her place. She let me____35____. That making others feel good make me feel good, too. When she died, I was____36____, but I was very grateful to her.
I think I am a much____37____, person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not____38____these experiences. They have____39____e to care about other people more than about myself.____40____who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago.
21. A. since B. before C. or D. unless
22. A. famous B. simple C. different D. skilled
23. A. education B. career C. tour D. change
24. A. balance B. homework C. degree D. interest
25. A. talked B. wrote C. lied D. reported
26. A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty
27. A. argument B. game C. experiment D. defence
28. A. dared B. offered C. hesitated D. happened
29. A. dream B. problem C. duty D. step
30. A. us B. which C. them D. whom
31. A. attitude B. hobby C. hope D. luck
32. A. friend B. partner C. guide D. guest
33. A. polite B. happy C. strange D. confident
34. A. bothered B. answered C. visited D. trusted
35. A. explain B. guess C. declare D. see
36. A. homeless B. heart broken C. bad-tempered D. hopeless
37. A. quieter B. busier C. better D. richer
38. A. forget B. face C. improve D. analyze
39. A. forced B. preferred C. ordered D. taught
40. A. miss B. like C. wonder D. expect
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
As humans retreat into their homes as more and more countries go under coronavirus(疫情) lockdown, wild animals are clipping cover___41.___(explore) the empty streets of some of our biggest cities.
Groups of wild____42.____(goose) have been wandering freely on the streets of Oakland, California, while a puma(美洲狮) turned___43.___in the center of the Chilean capital, Santiago,___44.___is under control.
“This is the habitat they once had and that we’ve taken away from them,”___45.___(say) Marcelo Giagnoni, the head ofChile’s agricultural service. With the hunting season___46.___(withdraw) in several European countries, this promises to be a spring and___47.___(possible) a summer of love for the animal kingdom.
However, there are also downsides to the lockdown for nature. “Work to limit aggressive species has been slopped ,” cautioned Loic Obled of the French biodiversity(生物多样性) office, “as well as___48.___to help endangered species.” Birds that have nested in the yard of an___49.___(abandon) school or factory will find themselves disturbed, he warned. His further____50.____(explain) can be found inNature.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Many people like to go shopping. My mom is no different. She likes to buy shoe. Once, my mother told me to
go shopping with her, and so I do. However, after I got home, I made a decide that I would not go shopping with her some more. She always spends long time on window shopping. When I go shopping, I always rapid buy the things I want to. That doesn’t take her a lot of time. Some people shop not only to buy things, and also to look at things, which is call window shopping.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是红星中学学生李华，你想邀请你校外教Peter参加你校所举办的建党100周年庆祝活动。

请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.介绍活动安排；
3.期待回复。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.参考词汇：the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC建党一百周年庆祝活动。

Dear Peter,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. A 9. D 10. C 11. A
12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
16. F 17. G 18. E 19. A 20. C
21. B 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32.
A 33.
B 34.
C 35.
D 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B
41. to explore
42. geese 43. up
44. which 45. said
46. withdrawing
47. possibly
48. that 49. abandoned 50. explanation
51.(1). shoe→shoes
(2). do→did
(3). decide→decision
(4). some→any
(5). long前面加a
(6). rapid→rapidly
(7). 去掉to
(8). her→me
(9). and→but
(10). call→called
52.略。