2019大一轮高考总复习英语北师大版文档：Unit 24 Soci

Unit 24Society
关爱独居老人
近年来，由于人口迁移、多代家庭减少、城市发展以及父母喜欢自由等原因，老人独自居住的比例已趋近总体的一半，这也带来了一些社会问题：老人生活孤独、缺乏照顾、起居困难等。

请根据以下提示以“Care about the old”为题，写一篇英语短文。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
Care about the old
The number of the elderly living alone has increased incredibly fast in recent years，with the percentage near 50 percent of all.Reasons include population migration，decrease of multi-generational families，the development of cities and parents’preference for freedom.As a result，some social problems have arisen such as loneliness，lack of care and the difficulties of living.①So it is our responsibility to care about the old in terms of their physical health and feelings.We should go home and visit them as often as possible besides phoning.In addition，do try to keep them company whenever possible.
②All in all，it’s high time that we took the responsibility to show our concern for the elderly and make their life enjoyable.
根据①句临摹
临摹1：我们有责任尽快采取措施保护环境免受污染。

_________________________________________________as soon as possible to protect the environment from pollution.
根据②句临摹
临摹2：现在正是我们让他们知道他们收集的数据也会帮助经济的时候。

________________________________________________the data they gathered will help the economy as well.
答案：1.It is our responsibility to take measures
2．It is high time that we told them that
[一句多变]The number of the elderly living alone has increased incredibly fast in recent years，the percentage being near 50 percent of all.
Ⅰ. 核心单词识记
(一) 写作单词识记
1. burden (n.) 重担，负担
2. vacant (adj.) 未住人的，空置的
3. cast (v t.) 投下
4. undertake (v t.) 着手做，从事
5. fine (n.) 罚款
6. sentence (n.) 判决
7. abolish (v t.) 废除
8. accumulate (v.) 积累
9. squeeze (v t.) 挤
10. abundant (adj.) 大量的
(二) 阅读单词识记
1．rag n. 破旧衣服
2．virtue n. 优点，长处
3．skip v t. 跳过
4．swing v i. 摇动
5．deposit v t.&v i. 存储，储蓄
6．delete v t. 删除
7．shrink v i. (使) 收缩，缩小
(三) 核心单词拓展
1．voluntary (adj.) 自愿的→volunteer (v.) 自愿做→volunteer (n.) 志愿者2．consequently (ad v.) 所以，因此→consequent (adj.) 作为结果的3．signature (n.) 签名→sign (v.) 签名；打手势(n.) 招牌；迹象；符号4．govern (v t.) 统治，管理→governor (n.) 统治者，总督→government (n.) 政府5．adjustment (n.) 调整，调节→adjust (v t.) 调整，调节，使适应
6．diverse (adj.) 各种各样的→diversity (n.) 多样性，差异
7．resign (v t.& v i.) 辞职→resignation (n.) 辞职
8．elect (v t.) 选举，推选→election (n.) 选举
9．merciful (adj.) 宽大的，仁慈的→mercy (n.) 宽容，仁慈
10．collision (n.) 相撞→collide (v.) (使) 碰撞
11．packet (n.) 小包，小盒→pack (v t.) 把……打包
12．rot (v t.&v i.) 腐烂→rotten (adj.) 腐烂的
13．edition (n.) 版本→edit (v t.) 编辑；校订→editor (n.) 编辑；编者，校订者
14．thirst (n.) 口渴→thirsty (adj.) 口渴的
15．container (n.) 容器→contain (v t.) 包含；装有
Ⅱ. 核心短语背诵
1. come into being 形成，存在
2. wind sb.up 故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)
3. show off 炫耀，夸耀
4. knock into sb. 撞上某人
5. break into 闯入
6. on principle 根据原则
7. keep an eye on 照看；密切注视
8. sentence sb.to death 判某人死刑
9. well off 经济上富裕的，处境好的
10. take sth.seriously 认真对待
11. above all 最重要的是；首先
12．do away with 废除；取消
13．at risk 冒险
14．the other way round 相反的
15．contribute to 促进；有助于
16．take into account 考虑，注意，体谅
Ⅲ. 经典句式精练
1．Not increased happiness，but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families (而是压力和更少的享受生活及与朋友和家人相聚的时间) ．(not...but...连接并列成分)
2．Trade unions demand that the government shorten the working week (政府缩短工作周) ．(demand后接宾语从句用虚拟语气)
3. If laws such as these came into being (如果像这样的法律形成了) ，a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions. (与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句)
4．As a society，it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously (现在是我们更加认真地对待这些问题的时候了) ．(It’s high time that...句型)
5. I’d rather you didn’t mention that (我宁可你不提那件事) ．(would rather后接从句用虚拟语气)
6. What if some married people have affairs (一些已婚的人有风流韵事怎么办) ？(what if后接从句，表示“如果……怎么办？”)
7．By connecting people’s homes，the hutongs in fact connect ed people’s lives，whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens (不论是富人还是普通市民的生活) ．(whether...or...句型)
Ⅳ. 课文语法填空
根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整。

Many of us in developed societies are trapped in a spending circle.We work hard so that we can earn more money.When we have more money，we spend more and 1. because we spend more，we have to work even harder.But 2. strangely (strange) enough,3. the more money we earn，the less often we see it.Instead，we start putting our signatures on credit cards and 4. spending (spend) money we don’t even have.Besides，we’re all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those 5. who govern us.Thus，the circle goes round and round and gets more and more complicated.
In this spending circle，on the one hand，we accumulate possessions but never feel like we have enough.On the other hand，we work towards the ownership of bigger and 6. better (good) houses and cars and never have time to enjoy 7. them.Instead，they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn 8. to pay (pay) for them.And the result of all this is obvious.Not increased happiness,9. but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being 10. with our friends and families.
[联想微空间]
(对应学生用书P188)
voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
[高考佳句] (2017·天津卷) This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary .
这种类型的等待是与众不同的，因为它大部分是志愿的。

(1) 单句语法填空
①She works there on a voluntary basis.
她自愿在那儿工作。

②Why don’t you want to volunteer for our organization?
为什么你不志愿参加我们的组织？
③The young man volunteered to stop the drunken men from fighting.
那位年轻人自愿阻止喝醉酒的人打架。

(2) 翻译句子
④定于下个月开始实施的方案是自愿性的。

The scheme ，due to begin next month ，will be voluntary.
[写作佳句] I always do volunteer work on the first Saturday of every month in order to improve my sense of social responsibility.
为了提高我的社会责任感，每个月的第一个星期六我都去参加志愿者工作。

abundant adj.大量的；丰盛的；充裕的
[
教材原句]
There have also sadly been abundant cases of violence at home.
令人伤心的是，在国内也有大量的暴力案件。

完成句子
①South Africa is a developing country which is abundant in natural resources.
南非是一个自然资源丰富的发展中国家。

②All kinds of flowers grow in abundance in the park and it looks more beautiful.
公园里长满了各种鲜花，它看起来更漂亮了。

③If you travel in the sea ，you will see an abundance of marine creatures.
如果你在海上旅行的话，你会看到很多海洋生物。

[写作佳句] As we all know ，Shanxi is also abundant in natural beauty beyond its rich historical legacy.
众所周知，陕西富有的自然美景超出了丰富的历史文化遗产。

学会知“足” ①
enough 足够的，充分的
② abundant 丰富的，充裕的
③ adequate 充足的，适当的④ ample 丰富的，足够的
burden n ．负担，重担 vt. (使) 担负 (沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)
[教材原句] Instead ，they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them.
相反，它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分的钱拿出来支付贷款。

(1) 单句语法填空
①We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget.
我们都知道给家庭供热的费用将一直是家庭预算的一项重大负担。

②Some parents complain that their children are burdened with heavy homework.
有些家长抱怨他们孩子的家庭作业繁重。

(2) 同义句改写
She was burdened with five children and she had to work day and night.
③She burdened herself with 5 children and she had to work day and night (用burden oneself with 改写)
④Burdened with 5 children ，she had to work day and night (用过去分词短语作状语改写)
[写作佳句] In order to make the old people live better ，the main burden of caring for them falls on the state.
为了使老年人生活得更好，国家担负起了照料老人的大部分责任。

resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从
[教材原句] His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned .
他的老板坚持要他更长时间地工作，所以他辞职了。

单句语法填空
①He is still on the board ，but he resigned as chairman some months ago.
他仍在董事会，但几个月前他辞去了董事长职务。

②He decided that he would resign himself to your guidance.
他决定听从你的指导。

③You must resign yourself to waiting (wait) a bit longer.
你只好耐心多等一会儿了。

④She resigned from the committee.
＝She resigned as a member of the committee.
她辞去了委员会的职务。

[写作佳句] It is reported that more and more parents resign their children to grandparents at home while working in the city.
据报道，越来越多的父母在去城市打工时把孩子托付给在家的爷爷奶奶。

undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应
[教材原句] Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the
preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.
胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。

(1) 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I will undertake to feed (feed) your dogs while you are away.
你不在家时我保证替你喂狗。

②The sponsors undertake that the proposal meets all the legal requirements.
倡议者担保这项提案符合所有法律要求。

③We’ll undertake for your security while you are visiting our country.
当你访问我们国家时，我们将保证你的安全。

(2) 单句改错
④I undertook teaching the children English. teaching →to teach
[写作佳句] The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident.
公司已经宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。

[名师指津] undertake 意为“允诺”时，同义词有guarantee ，ensure ，make sure 等。

sentence n ．& vt.判决；宣判；判刑
[教材原句] In the USA in the last 100 years,23 men have been wrongly sentenced to death and there are doubts about 400 other cases.
在美国，在过去的100年里，23人已被错误地判处死刑，有另外400件案例遭质疑。

单句语法填空
①Jack was sentenced to three years in prison for his part in the crime.
杰克因参与犯罪活动被判处3年徒刑。

②The judge will pass sentence on the murderer tomorrow after looking at the report. 法官看完报告后明天会对凶手做出判决。

[名师指津] 表示“判处某人死刑”时还可用condemn sb.to death 。

elect vt.选举，推选；选择
[教材原句] There is a leader in each area of the town and each town has an elected leader.
这个城镇的每个地区都有一个领导人，而且每个城镇都有一个选出来的领导人。

单句语法填空
①In his speech ，Trump said that “You didn’t elect me to tell (tell) you what you wanted to hear.You elected me to tell you the truth.”
特朗普在他的演讲中提到“你们当初选我不是为了听你们想听的话。

你们选我是为了让我告诉你们事实。

”
②Six theatre companies have been elected (elect) to take part in this year’s festival. 已选定六个剧团参加今年的戏剧节。

③The young man was elected (elect) as general manager of my company yesterday. 那位年轻人昨天当选为我们公司的总经理。

[写作佳句] I am the only suitable candidate ；therefore ，you should elect me.
我是唯一合适的人选，因此，你们应该选我。

show off 炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示
[教材原句] Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value —unlike in our society.
没有人有任何欲望去炫耀，而且金和银没有价值——这与我们的社会不同。

单句语法填空
①Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.
迈克想尽力地通过用彩色铅笔装饰厨房来炫耀他的才能。

②We were shown around the Bird’s Nest by an elderly guide.
我们由一位年长的向导带着参观鸟巢。

③He promised to come at 8 o’clock ，but he hasn’t showed up so far.
他答应八点钟来的，但是到现在还没有出现。

④Quite a number of world-famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.
有许多的世界名画在本次展览会上展出。

[写作佳句] After the lecture ，we were shown around the school by the headmaster. 讲座结束后，校长带领我们参观了校园。

knock into sb. 撞上某人
[教材原句] There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road.
那里每周至少有一起车祸发生，我今天就差点撞上一个正在过马路的人。

单句语法填空
① (2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Just last year ，I was conducting a workshop when someone knocked (knock) at the classroom door.
去年我正在班级里组织一个专题研讨会的时候，突然有人敲门。

②Jim was knocked down/over by a bus ，but not seriously hurt.
吉姆被公共汽车撞倒了，但伤得不严重。

③Let’s knock off work early and go to watch the football game.
咱们早点收工去看足球赛吧。

[写作佳句] After she was knocked into by a car on the way home last night ，a young man
sent her to the nearest hospital at once.
昨晚在回家的路上她被一辆车撞后，一位年轻人迅速地把她送到了最近的医院。

[名师指津] knock into 表示“撞上”时，相当于run into ；表示“遇上”时，相当于come across ，meet with 或meet by chance 。

[形象识记]
keep an eye/one’s eyes on 留神注意；留意；照看
[高考佳句] (2017·天津卷) There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on
but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full.
当这正在进行的时候你完全无事可做，只有两眼盯着水槽直到它满了。

单句语法填空
①Please keep an eye on the baby for me.
请替我照看一下婴儿。

②Gail has a good eye for fashion.
盖尔对服装有鉴赏眼光。

③Can you look me in the eye and tell me you’re not lying?
你能正视我，告诉我你没有撒谎吗？ ④I’ve got my eye on a nice little sports car that I’m saving up for.
我已经看中我一直在攒钱要买的一辆漂亮的小跑车。

[写作佳句]Could you do me a favor and keep an eye on my luggage?
你能帮忙，帮我照看一下我的行李吗？
leisure n ．空闲；安逸；闲暇
完成句子/单句语法填空
①Please read it over at your leisure.
请你在闲暇时候读一读。

②We will debate the subject at length later when we are at leisure.
govern vt.统治，管理
(1) 单句语法填空
①The party that/which governs (govern) the country is chosen by the people.
②How long has Trump been in government?
③ (2017·江苏卷) Governments (govern) could order the sharing of certain kinds of data ，with users’consent.
(2) 完成句子
④The need for money governs his behavior.
对金钱的需要支配着他的行为。

⑤Can’t you govern your temper?
难道你不能控制脾气吗？
delete vt.删除
单句语法填空
①He has no authority to publish content，nor can he delete anything from the live site.
②Delete (delete) his name from the list of members.
③Several words were deleted (delete) by him from the text.
fine n．罚款；v.处(某人) 以罚金；adj.合适的；令人愉快的；(天气) 晴朗的；好的；漂亮的；健康的；adv. (口语) 很；很好
写出下列句子中fine的含义
①The fine weather is favorable for outdoor sports. 晴朗的
②We had a fine time at the party last night. 令人愉快的
③Yes，we are getting along fine. 很好
④There is a fine for driving too fast. 罚款
⑤The judge fined her 25 dollars for her mistake. 处……以罚金
⑥He is not feeling fine today. 健康的
break into闯入；插话；突然……起来
写出下列句子中break into的含义
①A thief can break into a car in ten seconds. 闯入，破门而入
②Don’t break into their conversation；they are discussing something important. 插话
③When I told them my story，the girl broke into tears. 突然……起来
come into being形成；存在
完成句子
①When did the term of“new-new people”come into being/existence？
“新新人类”一词是什么时候出现的呢？
②The mountain town came into sight/view as we turned the last corner.
我们拐过最后一个弯，山城就映入了我们的眼帘。

③It is reported that the new regulations come into force/effect next month.
据报道新的法规下个月开始生效。

④After he came into power，the President delivered a wonderful speech.
总统上台之后，发表了精彩的演讲。

⑤ (2016·江苏卷) Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile.She has a mental toughness that did not come about (出现) by chance.
What if some married people have affairs?
要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？
[句式点拨]What if...？意为“如果……将怎么办？
(1) What if...？意为“如果……将怎么办？”可以看作What will happen if...？的省略形式；还可表示“即使……又有什么关系”，看作是What does it matter if...的省略形式。

①What if he disagrees to leave Thailand?
如果他不同意离开泰国怎么办？
(2) how come意为“……是怎么回事，为什么”。

可以单独(后面不接成分) 出现在对话的语境中(实质上是省略上文提到的事情) ，也可以在how come后接语序完整的陈述句。

②If she has spent five years in Paris，how come she can’t speak a word of French?
如果她在巴黎呆了五年，怎么一句法语都不会说呢？
(3) So what？口语用法，认为某事无关紧要，尤其用于反驳他人的指责，意为“那又如何？”
③—She will be angry with what you have done.
——她会为你所做的事生气的。

—So what？
——那又怎样？
They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements.
然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。

[句式点拨]make it easier是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep an eye on people’s movements。

在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾补可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式来充当。

完成句子
①People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
西方国家的人常在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物。

②Bill Gates’Microsoft makes him a phenomenon in the business world.
比尔·盖茨的微软使他成为商界的一个奇才。

③The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活变得更加容易，而不是变得更加困难。

[名师指津](1) 在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，当“独一无二的职位、头衔”的名词作补足语时，名词前无冠词。

(2) 在英语中，动词(短语) let，make，have，feel，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，hear等后要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。