The Use of Photography in Qualitative Research在定性的研究的拍摄中的应用

Where and when did utilizing a photographic methodology in research begin?
Photo elicitation was first mentioned by Collier(1957), a researcher and a photographer who used the camera to document the housing of his study’s subjects. The research questioned the environmental basis of psychological stress.
Photo Elicitation:
Inserting photographic images into your research interviews for your participants or subjects to comment on (Lorenz & Kolb, 2009). Collier(1957) wrote that more information was elicited from interviews with study subjects when photographs were used to elicit responses during interviews. In addition, the subjects were less easily fatigued by the interview process when the act of looking at photographs was included in the interview process.
Why look at photographic
Images in nursing research ?
In a paper on the use of photo elicitation, Harper (2019) writes “Images evoke deeper elements of human consciousness than do words; exchanges based on words alone utilize less of the brain’s capacity than do exchanges in which the brain is processing images as well as words”(p. 13).
Photogrestigator or by those being researched (Harrison,2019).
Photographic images may be produced during the research process, as in research generated photo diaries , or the images may have been produced in the past, such as in the use of old family photo albums. Family albums reveal much about the participants history (Harrison, 2019).
Photo research methods began with the environmental sciences and visual anthropology. (Hansen-Ketchum & Myrick, 2019).
Photography as a visual methodology in narrative inquiry
In a paper describing the use of photography in narrative inquiry, Harrison(2019) writes that photographs can be seen as a form of story telling, exploring narrative, and providing insight into memory and identity construction (Harrison, 2019).
Photography in narrative inquiry (cont’d.)
“Photographs are an important site for the embodiment of memory, as traces of working through a place for self in the past and the present. They are also a means by which people in everyday life can narrate experience, and in this way can come to an understanding of what those experiences mean” (Harrison, 2019, p. 109).
Examples of the use of “photo essay”
Macarow (2019) writes about the photo essays of a variety of photographers as the photographers explored the lives, roles, resilience, migration, and opportunities for victims of the holocaust in the Jewish Diaspora. Researchers view the photographs to gain an understanding of the phenomenon.
Photography in narrative inquiry(cont’d.)
Photography as auto-biography may be used to address the core question of “who am I”(Harrison, 2019).
The photographs do not stand alone but are used in conjunction with interview (Harrison, 2019).
An Overview of Photography as a Creative Modality in Qualitative Research
By Sheila Linz, PMHNP-BC
Why look at images in nursing research ?
Hodges, Keeley, and Grier (2000) write that the visual image has been used to describe what is most important to humans throughout history and is able to evoke emotions, abstract ideas, and the shared human experience.
As a photographer and writer, Allen (2019) studied the Transgender Community in the united States for over 30 years through the use of photo essay.
“photo essay” (cont’d.)
A variety of methods that utilize photography in research
Photo Essay:
A series of photographs made with the intention of telling a story about someone or some situation. These photographs may reveal more about the participant than meets the eye (Casey & Dollinger, 2019). The photos may have narrative text placed on or with the photograph (Harper,2019). Photo essays, once made, may be used for photo elicitation.
Hodges, Keeley, and Grier (2000) used the visual image in a qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study in order to analyze perceptions of illness in nurses, nursing students, and the elderly.
Casey and Dollinger (2019) used photo essay and regression analysis in a quantitative study to provide insight into patterns of alcohol consumption among college students. The students (N=135)took a series of photos of their lives in regards to alcohol consumption in order to determine their “alcohol identity” and predicted risk for alcohol related problem behaviors.
Harrison (2019) described a study by Thoutenhoofd(2019)in which photography was used successfully in interviews with deaf people who documented their visual life with the aid of a camera.
Photo-Voice:
A participatory action research method in which a participant in a marginalized community takes photographs in order to tell his or her own story and their community point of view through photographic images of their community and lives(Poudrier & Mac-Lean, 2009). Photographic images made through Photo-Voice may later be used to generate comments during interviews or focus groups through the use of photo elicitation.
Photographic images taken by marginalized people have the potential for societal change. Poudrier and Mac-Lean (2019) used photo-voice in a qualitative, participatory research study. They loaned cameras to Aboriginal Canadian women in order to describe visually, their experience with breast cancer.