胃肠炎(gastroenteritis)

胃肠炎（gastroenteritis）
gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis is a hemorrhagic or necrotic inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa and its underlying tissues. Its clinical manifestations are characterized by severe gastrointestinal dysfunction and varying degrees of auto intoxication. Gastroenteritis can be divided into two kinds of chronic gastroenteritis and acute gastroenteritis.
/ Wuhan Hospital Department of orthopedics
Symptom：
In the 1-5 days after infection, there may be some or all of the symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, lassitude, have a fever gastroenteritis. Dehydration caused by diarrhea and vomiting is a serious complication of gastroenteritis, and young infants are very likely to suffer from dehydration. If the child is less than 2 months old, you suspect he may have gastroenteritis or his child has dehydration symptoms, then you should take the child to the hospital immediately. In addition, other circumstances, parents can handle their own.
But if the child and after 24 hours, the child's condition has not improved, should take the child to see a doctor. The doctor will examine the child's condition and decide whether or not to be hospitalized. If a child has to be hospitalized, he may undergo a blood test to determine the severity of dehydration.
Children may receive intravenous infusions of water supplements and may be asked not to go on a diet for 24 hours. After that, he will be given a water supplement and gradually return to normal diet.
Acute gastroenteritis characterized by acute gastroenteritis caused mainly by an unclean diet and is often caused by a variety of bacterial infections such as dysentery bacillus and Salmonella infection. At this point, the bacteria produce large amounts of toxins, which are absorbed through the intestine and cause a variety of symptoms.
Belong to the Chinese medicine "vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, diarrhea" and other diseases. Symptoms of acute gastroenteritis include diarrhea and abdominal discomfort with symptoms and varying degrees of upper gastrointestinal disease, followed by electrolyte and fluid loss. Acute gastroenteritis is mainly manifested as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, etc., serious can cause dehydration, electrolyte disorders, shock and so on. The patient had nausea and vomiting earlier; followed by diarrhea, 3-5 times a day or even dozens of times, defecate in water, deep yellow or greenish, odor, accompanied by abdominal cramps, fever, body aches and other symptoms.
Symptoms of chronic gastroenteritis
The most common symptom of chronic gastroenteritis is diarrhea, 1 or more times a day. Some outbreaks of defecation after breakfast, the rest of the time to gastroenteritis no diarrhea, also occasionally diarrhea more than 20 times a day. Diarrhea
does not occur at night, and does not wake up because of defecation, so it does not interfere with sleep, nor does it cause fecal incontinence. Some patients have large amounts of white or transparent mucus, or even mucus, in their faeces.
Two, abdominal pain, pain in the lower part of the lower abdomen or right upper quadrant. The nature of the pain varies from one side to another: colic, distending pain, sharp pain, tingling, and constrictive pain. Lasts for minutes to hours and is relieved after venting, defecation, or enema.
The other three, chronic gastroenteritis, often accompanied by other symptoms of digestive system, such as eating after abdominal distention, belching, nausea, anorexia, etc., this ocean health pharmacy network recommend, the drug in Qi flatulency,
It is very effective in relieving stomach pain. Some of the symptoms can be accompanied by plant nerve dysfunction, such as palpitations, fatigue, drowsiness, headache, sweating, hot flashes and so on; some psychiatric symptoms may also occur, such as insomnia, anxiety, depression, etc..
Acute gastroenteritis is an acute inflammatory change of the gastrointestinal tract caused by food containing pathogens and their toxins, or by improper diet, such as excessive, irritating, and non digestible foods. In our country, the incidence rate of summer and autumn two seasons is higher, the asexual difference is different, the general incubation period is 12~36 hours.
Examination: stool routine examination and stool culture; white blood cell count can be a mass of normal or abnormal.
In the early stage of the diagnosis, the patient presented with symptoms of acute dyspepsia, followed by rapid or rapid symptoms of gastroenteritis. The patient appetite waste away, dry mouth smell, tongue covered with Huang Baitai, often accompanied by abdominal pain. An initial enhancement of the bowel tone, which later weakens or disappears, remains watery stools or watery stools, smells, gastroenteritis, odor, or odor, mixed with blood and necrotic tissue. Since the fall, can cause dehydration. Severe dehydration, less urine color thick, enophthalmos, skin elasticity, rapid weight loss, abdominal crunch. When collapsed, the patient can not stand and lie in a state of exhaustion. Along with the development of the disease, high body temperature, pulse count, limbs cold, can cause severe lethargy; circulation and microcirculation, tetany and died. Chronic gastroenteritis disease slow, long course, main symptoms as acute, can cause cachexia. The main symptoms of acute gastroenteritis are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, etc, which can cause dehydration, electrolyte disturbance, shock and so on. The patient had nausea and vomiting earlier; followed by diarrhea, 3-5 times a day or even dozens of days, defecate in water, deep yellow or greenish, odor, accompanied by abdominal cramps, fever, body aches and other symptoms.
Treatment plan:
Oral sulfa 4~8 grams, baking soda; or oral medicinal carbon, Salour, bismuth nitrate, water 1 times; or penicillin units,
streptomycin, 1 intramuscular injection, used for 5 days. Severe dehydration should be infusion, can be glucose 150~300 ml, camphor sodium sulfonate 4 ml, vitamin C mixture, intravenous injection, 1~2 times a day. Oxytetracycline or tetracycline can also be dissolved in physiological saline, intravenous injection.
Western medicine in the treatment of chronic gastroenteritis after 1. spasm pain: Atropine 0.5~1mg, or 645-2,5~10mg, intramuscular injection; chronic gastroenteritis medication 2.: bacterial infection, anti-inflammatory and analgesic use addition induced by bacteria culture of effective antibiotics, can choose berberine 0 3G, 3 times daily; Yuanhuzhitong tablets 3 tablets, 3 times a day; gastrointestinal Ling 4 3 times. Daily. Fever, dehydration and shock can be the appropriate choice of antibiotics, when necessary infusion, transfusion or oxygen inhalation. Chronic gastroenteritis, 3. antidiarrheal drugs can be used, bismuth carbonate 1~2g twice a day; Compound Camphor Tincture 4mg, 3 times a day; 3 times a day. For chronic gastroenteritis, 4. patients with mental diarrhea can take 10mg, 3 times a day, or 1 tablets for sleep, 2 times a day.
Chinese medicine treatment of Chinese medicine without chronic enteritis name, but according to the clinical characteristics of its disease,
It belongs to chronic abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea in Chinese medicine. The cause of the disease is weakness of the spleen and stomach, kidney yang deficiency, liver Qi congestion, spleen obstruction, blood stasis and intestinal collaterals. Medication is as follows:
Chronic gastroenteritis medication:
Spleen deficiency diarrhea, may be given Buzhongyiqi pills or renshenjianpi pill. 2. kidney yang deficiency diarrhea, Fugui eight pill or Fuzilizhong pills. 3. the spleen qi to diarrhea, pain and diarrhea or take Xiaoyao pill.
Prevention methods:
1, do not eat unclean fruits and melons and fruits in the growth period to watering, fertilizing, spraying pesticides, in the collection, transportation and sale process, susceptible to bacterial infection, so that many fruits with epidermal bacteria, eggs and chemical pesticides, so must eat fruits and repeatedly wash several times with water before eating. Any fruit that can be peeled should be peeled and eaten, otherwise pesticide accumulation and poisoning are easy to occur. 2, avoid eating spicy spicy food and diet on cold excitant food, need to choose according to individual conditions, the original diet and season, avoid eating too much, especially should not drink. 3, pay attention to tableware hygiene, tableware should be cleaned before and after use. Some people use boiling water before using utensils. In fact, it is better to rinse thoroughly with clean water. Keep the dishcloth clean and try to keep dry, otherwise it will easily breed bacteria. 4, do not eat while walking, because the air there are many invisible bacteria and viruses flying with the dust, it is easy to contaminate food, lead to gastrointestinal diseases.
Eating spicy food taboos, avoid alcohol: alcohol can dissolve
lipoprotein layer of gastric mucosa, has great damage to the gastric mucosa, people smoke, harmful substances in the smoke, dissolved and attached in the mouth and throat, with swallowing into the stomach, these harmful substances have a great damage to the stomach mucosa. Therefore, acute and chronic gastritis patients must quit smoking and drinking, so as not to aggravate the illness, or even cause malignant change. 2, avoid eating irregular: the principle of gastritis diet should be light, small stimulation of gastric mucosa mainly, but not light diet can relieve the symptoms of patients. Should be in accordance with the law of diet, not too hungry, too full, eat less food principle. Especially the elderly, frail, gastrointestinal dysfunction, the daily 4~5 meal is better, each time to six or seven into full as well. Food attention to sugar, fat, protein ratio, pay attention to vitamins and other essential nutrients in the body content. 3, avoid unclean diet: gastritis patients should pay special attention to food hygiene, especially in summer, raw fruits should be washed, do not eat spoiled food. Because contaminated food contains large amounts of bacteria and bacterial toxins, it has a direct destructive effect on the gastric mucosa. Food placed in the refrigerator must be cooked, cooked thoroughly after eating, if found bad, must resolutely throw away, prohibit eating. 4, avoid excessive heat and cold, hard food, cold food and drinks, after eating can cause stomach cramps, gastric mucous membrane of vascular contraction, is not conducive to the inflammation subsided; overheating of the food and beverage, after eating will directly burn or stimulates gastric mucous membrane. Gastritis food should be moderate hardness, crude fiber food, too hard to rough vegetables, fried or grilled food, mechanical indigestion after eating can increase stomach, make gastric mucosa by friction and damage,
Inflammatory lesions of the mucosa. In addition, chili, mustard, pepper, strong tea, coffee, cocoa and other foods or beverages, the stomach mucosa has a stimulating effect, can make the mucous membrane congestion, aggravating inflammation, should also be given up.
Acute gastroenteritis, acute gastroenteritis is an acute gastrointestinal tract disease is very common, is obviously improper diet history, sudden onset and rapid recovery, often manifested as nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc..
Acute gastroenteritis is an acute inflammatory change of the gastrointestinal tract caused by food containing pathogens and their toxins, or by improper diet, such as excessive, irritating, and non digestible foods. In China in summer and autumn season two high incidence, gender differences, mainly the general manifestation and diagnosis of nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea; fever, severe cases can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and shock. The patient had nausea and vomiting earlier; followed by diarrhea, 3-5 times a day or even dozens of days, defecate in water, deep yellow or greenish, odor, accompanied by abdominal cramps, fever, body aches and other symptoms.
Check for complications:
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, intestinal perforation, sepsis.
Prevention and prevention of acute gastroenteritis in summer, in addition to food hygiene, wash hands frequently, disinfection of household goods is also very important. Tableware, towels, clothing must be strictly disinfected, toilets, toilets, faucets, switches should be sterilized, can not be ignored. Because the toilet, toilet compartment in the patient's defecation, it is easy to be contaminated with splash of bacteria secretion, while patients wash hands after they are also very easy to pollute the faucet switch.
Treatment of 1. western medicine treatment (1) general treatment: as far as possible bed rest, oral glucose, electrolyte solution to supplement the loss of body fluids. If persistent vomiting or dehydration is evident, intravenous glucose, saline, and other related electrolytes are required for intravenous administration of 5%-10%. Encourage light liquids or semi fluid crystals to prevent dehydration or treat minor dehydration. (2) symptomatic treatment: when necessary injection of antiemetic drugs: such as intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine at 25-100mgl. Antispasmodic drugs: such as belladonna 8N 11 times, 1 3 times a day. Such as: antidiarrheals Smecta 1 bag each time, 1 times 2-3. (3) antibiotic therapy: the therapeutic effect of antibiotics on this disease is controversial. For infectious diarrhea, it is appropriate to select targeted antibiotics, such as berberine, 0.3g oral, 1 or 3 times, gentamicin 80 thousand u oral, 1, 3 times. Antibiotic abuse should be prevented, however. 2. Chinese medicine treatment (1): disease of stomach damp heat quickly, nausea and vomiting frequently, abdominal Tunsuan, array, diarrhea is urgent, uncomfortable, dark brown and fetid stools, upset, thirst, urine short red, yellow and greasy fur,
confusion or slippery pulse. Treatment method: clearing away heat and dampness, regulating qi to stop diarrhea. Prescription: Pueraria 10 grams, 10 grams of Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis 6 grams, 10 grams of wood, Poria 12 grams, 10 grams of plantain, white lentils 10 grams, 15 grams of Coix seed, 10 grams of lotus leaves, 6 grams of raw licorice. (2): vomiting water and cold dampness. Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and bowel such as water, accompanied by chills fever, neck or body joint aches, thin white fur or greasy, pulse ba. Therapy: dispelling cold and removing dampness and stopping diarrhea.
Recipe: 10 grams of patchouli, dafupi 10 grams, angelica]O grams, 10 grams of perilla, Poria 12 grams, 10 grams of Rhizoma Pinelliae, Atractylodes 10 grams, 10 grams of dried tangerine peel, Magnolia 10 grams, ginger 5 grams, 6 grams of licorice. Chinese medicine: Huoxiangzhengqi water. (3): nausea, anorexia, indigestion, gastrointestinal to eat more, spit back quickly; abdominal pain, diarrhea of foul gas, forced off, diarrhea after pain reduction, thick and greasy fur, slippery pulse. Treatment: digestion of stagnation, heweijiangni. Recipe: Coke Hawthorn 10 grams 10 grams, pinellia, medicated IO grams, Poria 12 grams, 10 grams of dried tangerine peel, radish 10 grams, 10 grams of Pericarpium arecae. Chinese medicine: pills, Xianglian Huazhi pill. (4) tastefrail: endowment is insufficient, body spleen deficiency, diet that the slightest mistake Tuxie, thin stool, vomiting water, and when Hugh, looking not China, fatigue, pale tongue, weak pulse 10. Therapy: Spleen Qi regulating, and stomach diarrhea. Recipe: 3 grams of ginseng, Atractylodes 12 grams, 10 grams of yam, Poria 12 grams, white lentils 12 grams, 10 grams of dried tangerine peel, Amomum 3 grams, coix seed 12 grams, 6 grams of licorice. Proprietary
Chinese medicine: Ginseng Jianpi pills.。