名词性从句

名词性从句
朱红珠张香英
一、名词性从句的基本概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。

名词从句则包括:
主语从句When we will start is not clear.
宾语从句Mrs. Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.
表语从句My idea is that we should do it right now.
同位语从句His advice that we should do regular exercise sounds reasonable
二、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分）
I have no doubt that it is true.
Whether he will come is unknown.
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which等.(不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。

)
Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.
Whether we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on what we learn and how we learn it.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
三、名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。

1．that 引导名词性从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用；而what是连接代词，在从句中充当兼词的成分。

(1)、______ made the school proud was _______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities
A. What / because
B. What / that
C. That / what
D. That / because
(2)、_______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect .
A. What
B. Which
C. Where
D. That
(3)、A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland a few years ago.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
(4)、See the flags on top of the building? That was____ we did
this morning. (2006全国1)
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. what
(5)、They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began
to fall.
A. what; that
B. it; that
C. what; when
D. which; what
2．that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略, 但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句以下的that不可省略。

如：
She said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job.
(1)、He told me his father had died and _________ a living alone.
A. he makes
B. he had made C that he made D that he had made
(2)、Word comes ________ a group of Australian guests will come to visit our school next week.
A. that
B. which
C. 不填
D. about which
(3)、I firmly believe _____ he said was right.
A what
B that
C that what
D all what
3、介词后的宾语从句常用what，whether引导，不用that，which引导。

但在介词besides，except，in后可用that引导宾语从句。

在有it作先行词时，that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。

如：
(1)、The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous
speed.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
(2)、These two areas are similar _____ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. except that
B. in which
C. in that
D. so that
(3)、You may depend on ______ all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.
A. which
B. it that
C. that
D. these
(4)、The reason lies in________ she works harder than the others do.
A what
B that
C why
D whether
四、名词性从句中引导词whether与if 的用法区别。

1、只能用whether不能用if的场合：
引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句；
引导介词后的宾语从句（有时可省略）；
后面紧跟or not时；
后面直接跟动词不定式时，如：
（1）_____ the flight to New York will be delayed is ____ I’m especially worried about.
A. If ; what
B. Whether ; that
C. When ; that
D. Whether ; what
（2）The doctor can hardly answer the question______ the old man could survive a major operation.
A that
B if
C whether
D what
2、在条件状语从句中只用if（如果）如：
If it rains tomorrow, the meeting will be put off
五、语序和时态
1、名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序，宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。

如：
The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.
He asked me what was the matter with me.
1、They are teachers and don’t realize ______ to start and run a company. (2004 黄冈)
A. what takes it
B. what they take
C. what takes them
D. what it takes
2、Can you make sure_____ the book?
A where did you put
B where have you put
C where you have put
D where you had put
2、主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，
谓语动词用单数。

如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
I told him that what I was surprised________ his attitude towards atudy.
A is
B was
C at is
D at was
六、whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however在引导名词性从句时不可与no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how 替换，因为后者只能引导让步主语从句。

1、—— Have a nice trip!
——Thanks. I’ll telephone you from _____ I get to by tomorrow evening.
A. wherever
B. every place
C. whenever
D. no matter where
2、You can choose _____ book you like in the bookstore.
A no matter what
B whichever
C whose
D whatever
七、who 与whoever的区别
who强调的是一件事，whoever强调的是人
1、It is a matter of________ will take the position.
A. whoever
B. who
C. whom
D. anyone
2、Give the book to__________ needs it.
A. who
B. whoever
C. whomever
D. the person
3、_______ breaks the law can’t escape _______.
A Those who, being punished
B Anyone who, to be punished
C Who, being punished
D Whoever, being punished
八、同位语从句与定语从句的比较
1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步补充说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。

可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、suggestion、order、demand、request、doubt、fact、truth、hope、wish、idea、information、message、news、question、problem、promise、word、chance等。

如：
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）
The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）
They are considering the question whether the man is trustworthy.（同位语从句）He can’t answer the question how he got the money. （同位语从句）
2、在同位语从句中that不充当任何成分，在定语从句中that充当主语和宾语。

1) Dad made a promise that he would take us on a journey if it was fine. （that 不充当任何成分）
2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。

）
1、The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which
B. that
C. whether
D. if
2、There is much chance _______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the
race. (2006天津卷)
A. that
B. which
C. until
D. if
3、He made a promise ___ anyone set him free， he would make him very rich.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. that if
4．The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ______ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whose
5、Please go and find _________ the dinner will get ready.
A if
B how long
C when
D the moment
6、---- Where is my umbrella? It is not _______ I have left it.
-----Maybe someone has mistaken it.
A in which
B the place where
C where
D in where
九、名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题
(1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气"(should) +do",常用的句型有:
I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that...
II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that...
III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that...
如: It is strange that she (should) think so.
It is necessary that a college student ______ at least a foreign language.
A. masters
B. master
C. mastered
D. will master
（2）在动词：一坚持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建议（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用（should）do形式。

如： I advised that he _____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _____ quite well then.
A. be sent; was feeling
B. was sent; sent
C. be sent; feel
D. should be sent; should feel
练习：
1．That is the reason ______ he gave us for carrying out the plan.
A. because
B. why
C. how
D. that
2．Was it in the village ______ we used to live in ______ the accident happened?
A. where; that
B. which; that
C. that; where
D. where; which
3．In the book, Newton is shown as a gifted scientist who stood at the point in history ______ magic ended and science began.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. which
4、As is known to us all, ________ China is becoming stronger and stronger is ________
we have been expecting.
A / ,what
B that, what
C that, that
D which, that
5、The question of _____ they are old or young is not important.
A. /
B. whether
C. how
D. if
6、________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the National Championship.
A. No matter what
B. Whichever
C. Whatever
D. Whose
7、Imagine that you are in such a situation, and discuss_______ you should do something at once.
A that
B what
C if
D whether
8、The company are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of
transportation in the 21st century.
A which
B that
C what
D who
9、Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ______ the party is to be held?
A what
B which
C that
D where
10、It was along the Mississippi River _________ Mark Twin spent much of his childhood.
A how
B which
C that
D where
11、----It’s thirty years since we last met.
----But I still remember the story , believe it or not ,________ we got lost on a rainy night.
A which
B that
C what
D when
12、If you are traveling ______ the customs are really foreign to your own , please do as the
Romans do.
A in which
B what
C when
D where
13、Nobody believed his reasons for being absent from the class ________ he had to meet his
uncle at the airport.
A why
B that
C where
D because
14.What do you think of his proposal________ the government should pay attention to is politics
rather than economy.
A that that
B what
C that what
D which
15._______ he is ill, I was expected to take his position surprised everyone.
A That
B What if
C If that
D That if
16.Thinking_______ you know_______ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake.
A that, that
B what, what
C that, what
D what, that
17.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity________ sight matters more
than hearing.
A when
B whose
C that
D where
18. ----I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday?
----- Oh, how nice. Do you know when she ________?
A was leaving
B had left
C has left
D left
19. _____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A Those who
B who
C whoever
D Anyone
20. The word media basically refers to ______ we commonly call newspaper、magazines、radio
and television.
A that
B what
C that what Dhow
21、They are discussing in the next room ________ will go to the conference on behalf of the
manager.
A who
B whoever
C what
D whomever
22、I shall never forget 9 a.m. on Oct. 12,2005, the most exciting moment,______ Shen Zhou VI was launched, ______ is always making me think of ______ I can do more for my homeland.
A that, which, which
B which, that, that
C when, which, what
D when, which, how
23、Many of the creatures in Rowling’s world are not real, and much of_______ happens is
strange.
A which
B that
C what
D it
24、The suggestion that the 50th anniversary of the founding of our school_______ put off till Saturday has been _______ at the meeting.
A was, adopted
B be, adopted
C was, adapted
D /, made
25、______ some teenagers don’t realize is _______ difficult life can be after they addicted to drugs.
A What, how
B That, how
C That, what
D What, what a
26、I told Jim jokingly that his painting looked like a mess from______ I was.
A where
B what
C how
D when
27、In this country it is required that anyone who_______ recently come here _______ to pass this
kind of test.
A has, has
B has, had
C have, have
D has, have
28、When he was born and where he grew up _____ still unknown.
A is
B are
C was
D have
29、Upon graduation, he asked to be sent to______ .
A where he is most needed
B where he needed
C where he is mostly needed
D where is he mostly needed
30、What he says and thinks ______ no business of yours.
A are
B is
C has
D have
例题答案：BDBDA DACCC BBDCD CDADB BDCAD BCCBA
练习答案：DBABB BDCDC BDBCD CDDCB ADCBA ADBAB
一、复合句的定义：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只用作句子的一个成分。

从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫做该成分的从句。

二、名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。

引导词
㈠主语从句
1、 that 引导的主从（that 在主从中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，通常不能省略）
●在正式文中，为了强调that 引导的主从，that 可以置于句首，在这种情况下，that 不可省
e.g: 很明显，司机不能控制他的车。

That the driver could not control his car was obvious.
她被选中使我们非常高兴。

That she was chosen made us very happy.
●在通常情况下，用it 作形式主语，而将that 从句置于句尾。

此时that 有时可省
（改写上文两个例句） It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
It made us very happy that she was chosen.
●如果that 从句是疑问句，只能用it 作形式主语结构
e.g Is it certain that he will come?
It it true that he would take the risk?
● it 作形式主语置于句首时，常用结构：
☆It + be + adj. + that 从句
很可能他会来。

It is likely that he will come.
真奇怪她曾经信任他. It is strange that she has ever trusted him.
☆It + be + n. 词组 + that 从句
鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。

It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
他竟然错过了火车，真是遗憾。

It is a pity that he should have missed the train.
难怪他看起来如此迷惑。

It’s no wonder that he looks so puzzled.
（在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that 分句中的谓语动词常用should）
☆It + be + p.p.（said, reported, hoped, known, believed etc.）+ that 从句
据说他是一个著名的作家。

It is said that he is a famous writer.
据报道今天下午有一场暴风雨。

It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon. ☆It +seem/ happen/ appear 等不及物动词 + that 从句
似乎他错了。

It seems that he is wrong.
好象他们现在急需帮助。

It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.
2、 whether 引导的主从，意为“是否”（if 不能引导主语从句）
他是否会赢得这场比赛，还不清楚。

Whether he will win the game is not clear.
她来不来与我无关。

Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me.
从句在句首时，必用whether，在句尾时，有时可用if .
e.g: It is not clear whether/ if he will come.
3、 wh-疑问词引导主语从句
他为什么做这件事还不知道。

Why he did this is not known.
它是谁的书并不重要。

Whose book it is not important.
他什么时候会回来还不知道。

When he will return is still unknown.
谁为这次事故负责还不清楚。

Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
（wh-引导的主语从句也常用it 作形式主语的句式中）
e.g: It is not known why he did this.
4、也可以用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等词引导主语从句
无论谁告诉你那件事都是在撒谎。

Whoever told you that was lying.
※看2001年的一道高考题：
_____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
分析：此题很多考生误选了A 或C，其原因是没有注意到逗号的作用。

句中逗号已表明该句不是主语从句，而是as引导的非限制性定语从句。

故答案为B.
※上海’99年的一道高考题：
_____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who
B. The one
C. Anyone
D. Whoever
分析：此题答案为D。

“疑问词+ever”构成的复合连接词（however除外）既可以引导名词性从句（主从、表从、宾从、同位语从句），也可以引导让步状语从句。

而“no matter + 疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。

二者引导让步状语从句时可以互换，引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词+ever”形式。

㈡表语从句
1、 that 引导的表语从句无任何意义，不充当任何句子成分，通常不省略
●表示事实、真理等的实际内容
事实是他在撒谎。

The fact is that he is lying.
●表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容
我们的信念是一切都会好转的。

Our belief is that things will improve.
麻烦是我们缺少资金。

The trouble is that we are short of money.
2、 whether引导（此时通常不可用if 代替whether.）
问题是人们是否会买它。

The question is whether people will buy it.
3、 wh-引导
那只铅笔在它原先放的地方。

The pencil is where it was.
问题是我们应该去哪。

The question is where we should go.
4、 as if, as though 引导，可用真实语气也可用虚拟语气
他看起来好象生气了。

He looks as if he were angry.
他看起来好象要哭了。

He looks as if he were going to cry.
㈢宾语从句
1、 that 引导从句无意义，不充当任何成分，常省略。

（动词后有两个宾语从句第二个that不可省）
e.g: I know (that) you have met him and that you have become good friends.
●经常在动词和宾语从句之间插一个间接宾语（人）。

他告诉我他错了。

He told me that he was wrong.
●在动词think , believe, suppose, expect, guess等后面的宾语从句中的否定前移
e.g: I don’t think you are right.
I don’t believe he has finished his work.
●某些表示“心理活动”的adj. 如sure, happy, glad, certain, afraid等后可接宾从
我确定我们的实验会成功的。

I’m sure that our experiment will succeed.
●许多带复合宾语的句子，that 引导的宾从经常移到句后，而用it 作形式宾语
我们认为他对所有人撒谎是错的。

We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
我们认为她错过了这个机会真遗憾。

We thought it a pity that she missed the chance.
2、 whether, if 引导宾从，表“是否”可互换，一般在口语中，常用if 代替whether
我不知道他是否会赢。

I don’t know whether he will win or not.
3、 wh-引导的宾从
告诉我想要什么。

Tell me what you want.
你知道谁来参加会议吗？ Do you know who will come at the meeting?
你可以问他他什么时候去北京。

You may ask him when he is going to Beijing .
4、 whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引导的宾语从句
无论他说什么都记下来。

Please write down whatever he is saying.
我会做你让我做的任何事。

I’ll do whatever you asked me to.
注意：“一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求”（insist / order command / suggest propose advise / ask require request demand ）后的宾从要用虚拟语气，结构为“should + 动词原形”其中should 可以省略。

㈣同位语从句
●在下列名词后：answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, information, idea, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, truth, suggestion, thought etc. 用that引导,that 不能省略
我不知道你在这儿。

I had no idea that you were here.
Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.
他总是努力工作尽管事实上他身体不好。

He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health.
●有时同位语从句不是紧跟在先行词后面，而是被其他词隔开
e.g: The story goes that William killed his wife.
●名词demand, suggestion, proposal 等的同位语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，为should + 动词原形，should可以省略。

推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。

The suggestion that we should put off the plan will be discussed tomorrow.
●同位语从句不同于定语从句,前者对名词加以补充说明,后者对名词加以限制。

e.g: The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole world. (同位语从句)
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. (定语从句)
引导同位语从句的that在句中无任何语法作用（既不充当任何句子成分，仅仅起引导作用），无任何具体意思，不可省略。

引导定语从句的that是一个代词，代替前面的先行词，所以有具体意思。

在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。

e.g: The suggestion that he (should) not go there is of great value. (同位语从句)
The suggestion (that) he made is of great value. (定语从句)
■■whether 和if 都可引导名词性从句，一般情况下可通用，但在下列情况下，只用whether:
1、介词后的宾语从句只用whether
Everything depends on whether the situation will improve. 一切取决于形势是否好转。

2、在whether or not 结构中，不可用if 代替whether
I don’t know whether or not he’ll come. 我不知道他是否来还是不来。

3、引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用if
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们去还是不去要看天气而定。

The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。

4、在discuss等某些动词后不用if, 而用whether.
The students are discussing whether they can finish the work in time.
5、当由if引导宾语从句会产生歧义时，宜用whether
e.g: Please tell me if you need the book. 此句可有两种解释：
a. 请告诉我你是否需要这本书。

b. 如果你需要这本书，请告诉我
若想表示前一种意思时，则只能用whether.
6、 whether 可用在不定式之前，if 则不能
Please tell us whether to go or stay. 请告诉我们去还是留。

名词性从句讲义
1. 在复合句中，主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的作用和名词相同，分别作主，宾，表和同位语，这四种从句统称为名词性从句。

2.引导名词性从句的连词有：that, who, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever. when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, if, whether，等.
一．主语从句
1. 主语从句在句中充当主句的主语。

（1）.划出这个句子的主语并观察从句的意思和结构是否完整：
That human beings are able to fly to the moon is no longer a dream.
★注：当主语从句的结构和意思完整时用连词________引导主语从句。

2.若主语从句的意思和结构不完整时，则根据需要选用适当的连词。

选择最佳答案完成以下个各句：
①. _____will attend the international conference instead of Mr.Zhou hasn’t been decided. A. What B. who C. How D. Which
②.It is unknown______money we will need for our research work.
A. what
B. that
C. how many
D. how much
③.______I can’t understand is______she wants to change her mind.
A. What/why
B. Which/how
C. That/why
D. What/because
3.用this, that,或it完成1-5句中的空白处：
①.______is certain that she will be able to pass the entrance examinations.
②.______is a pity that our team should have lost the game.
③.______makes no difference whether she will come or not.
④.______happened that I was out that day.
⑤.______ is reported that China has sent another man-made satellite into the orbit.
⑥Does that make any difference whether she will come or not?( 句子改错)
★注：主语从句置于句首常常是为了强调。

若不是为了强调，常常用________作主语，而将主语从句__________,以保持句子平衡。

记住以下句型：
A. It + be + 形容词(certain/true/natural/likely/possible…) + that clause.
B. It + be + 过去分词(said/reported/believed/expected/announced…)+ that clause.
C. It + seems(seemed)/happens(happened) + that clause.
D. It + be + 名词词组(no wonder/a pity/an honor/a good thing… ) + that clause.
E．It +makes no difference /doesn’t matter/… + 连词 + 主语从句.
4.改正以下句子中的错误：
(1).Lin Jie won the first prize in the English competition greatly encouraged the whole class.
(2).It is likely Sam knows little about the American Civil War.
★注：引导主语从句的连词_______不能________.
5.用that, what, where 或which填空：
(1).____really matters is_____we haven’t got his address or telephone number.
(2).A modern city has been set up in_____was a wasteland the years ago.
(3).A modern city has been set up______it was a wasteland ten years ago.
(4)._____she was invited to the ball made her very happy.
(5).You’d better find out_____they are up to before you enter the room.
(6).It’s pretty well understand_____control the flow of carbon dioxide in the and out of the atmosphere today.
(7).The village is no longer_____it used to be. A lot of new buildings have been put up and the villagers are becoming richer and richer.
★注：连词that在名词性从句中只起_______作用，不充当__________;而what在名词性从句中
________________________________.
6.关于whatever与no matter what; whoever与no matter who.
★注：whatever和whoever既可以引导名词性从句又可以引导让步状语从句，引导名词性从句时，whatever 相当于anything that; whoever相当于anyone who.引导让步状语从句时，whatever相当于no matter what; whoever相当于no matter who. 而no matter what和no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。

根据要求完成以下各句。

①.whatever; no matter what
A. _____he does has nothing to do with me.
B.______he does, it has nothing to do with me.
C. Actually, girls can be____they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, a nurse or a general manager.
D.I don’t mind_____he said to me at the party.
E.______he said at the party, I don’t mind that.
②.whoever; no matter who
A. Sarah hopes to become a friend of_____shares her interests.
B._____would like to devote his life to his country should go where there are a lot of difficulties.
C.We shall punish_____wastes water in the bathroom.
D.______wastes water in the bathroom, she or he will be punished.
7.whether和if引导主语从句的区别：用whether或if完成以下各句。

(1)._____they can find a better solution to the problem is still a question.
(2).____he can overcome his shortcomings is still unknown.
(3).It is still unknown_____he can overcome his shortcomings.
(4).Does it matter much_____he can come to the meeting?
★注：whether和if在名词性从句中都可以表“是否”。

如果it作形式主语，而主语从句后移，并且主句是陈述句
_______________.如果主语从句位于句首（位于主语的位置）或者it作形式主语但主句是疑问句，此时只能用________.
二．同位语从句
1.同位语从句作它所修饰的中心词的同位语。

同位语从句实际上是它所修饰的中心词的内容的详细化和具体化。

2. 常见的同位语从句的中心词有：fact, idea, news, report, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, belief, doubt, truth, order等。

如：They were surprised at the fact that China has made so great promise in its economy and social reforms in the past twenty years.
3.用适当的连词完成以下各句：
（1）They were surprised at the fact______China has made so much progress in its economy and social reform in the past twenty years.
(2).I will keep the promise_____I’ll write to you the moment I arrive in Beijing.
(3).The thought Mr. Li would open a Sichuan restaurant in Los Angeles surprised his wife.(改正句中的错误)
★注：当同位语从句的意思和结构完整时，用________引导同位语从句，而且___________.
4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

用“that, which, what, 不填”完成以下各句。

(1).The news_____we couldn’t get free food from the restaurant turned out to be false.
(2).The news_____we heard yesterday turned out to be false.
(3).The decision_____those who had cheated in terminal examination would be forced to leave school surprised us.
(4).The decision_____they made yesterday surprised us.
(5).Mary came back with a massage which the mayor was coming to visit the school.(改正句子中的错误)
★注：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：（1）.that引导同位语从句时，that只起连接作用，它不充当同位语从句的任何成分；而that引导定语从句时，that代替先行词在定语从句中常常作主语，宾语或表语。

(2).同位语从句是它所修饰的中心词的内容的详细化和具体化，它对中心词的内容加以描述；而定语从句不涉及到先行词的具体内容。

5.分裂式同位语从句。

有时同位语从句并不紧跟在它所修饰的中心词的后面，而被其它的词和中心词分隔开来。

这种同位语从句叫分裂式同位语从句。

用适当的选项完成以下各句：
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. if
E. why
(1).The story goes____William Tell was killed by a poisonous arrow.
(2).Word came_____a terrible thunder storm would take in YiBin.
(3).The question came up at the meeting_____we have enough money for our research.
6.完成以下两个句子：
(1).You have not answered my question______I can join the party tonight.
A．that B. what C. if D. whether
(2).The news if our team has won the match is still unknown.(改正句子中的错误)
★注：whether和if在名词性从句中都可以表“是否”，但引导同位语从句时要用_______.
7.选择最佳答案：
(1).Her suggestion that we_____out before six tomorrow sounds quite reasonable.
A. will set
B. set
C. would set
D. may set
(2).Her request that she______ a separate room was not granted.
A. give
B. was given
C. be given
D. would be given
(3).His proposal is that the government____some measures to control the water pollution. A. took B. would take C. take D. must take
(4).My advice is that the sports meeting_____off till next Sunday.
A. can be put
B. will be put
C. be put
D. will have been put
(5).The commander gave his order that no one_____without his perssion.
A. shoot
B. shot
C. could shoot
D. was shooting
★注：名词suggestion, advice, proposal, demand, request, order, requirement，等，它们后面所出现的同位语从句和表语从句的谓语一般都要用______________结构,______可以________.
8.选用that, if, whether, what完成以下各句。

(1).Does he doubt______we stole his reference book?
(2).I don’t doubt_____he is fit for the position.
(3).I doubt______he is fit for the position.
(4).I doubt_____he is fit for the position or not.
(5).She has her doubts_____Mary will turn up before ten.
(6).She has no doubt_____Mary will turn up before ten.
★注：当doubt作“怀疑”讲，无论它是名词还是动词，引导其后的名词性从句的连词用法规则如下：（1）.doubt作动词，主句为肯定句时，可用whether或if.(若宾语从句中含有or或or not时，用whether);主句若为否定句或疑问句，用that 引导宾语从句。

（2）.doubt作名词使用时，若主句为肯定句，用whether引导后面的名词性从句；若主句为否定句或疑问句,用that引导后面的名词性从句。

三．综合练习：
1._____troubles me is______I cannot learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That/that
B. What/what
C. That/what
D. What/that
2. Give this to______ you think can do the work well.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
3. —What do you think of China? --_______different life is today from____it used to be. A. How/that B. What/what C. How/what D. What/that
4. _____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. The person
5. ---What are you anxious about? ---________.
A. How can we succeed
B. Whether we can succeed
C. When can we succeed
D. That we can succeed
6. _____he had landed on the moon spread all over the school campus.
A. that
B. which
C./
D. as
7. One of the men hold the view_____the book said was right.
A. that what
B. what that
C. that
D. whether
8. Suddenly the thought came to me____he might go blind.
A. that
B. which
C. /
D. when
9. She has made______clear that she has nothing to do with him.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. /
10. I don’t doubt_____he will win. A. that B. whether C. if D. that if
11. These ancient Indians used to live in_____is now a part of the united states.
A. where
B. the place
C. which
D. what
12. I will give this dictionary to______wants to have it.
A. whomever
B. whoever
C. whatever
D. wherever
13. _____surprised me most was that the little girl could play the piano so well.
A. That
B. What
C. Who
D. That what
14. _____you go or stay at home won’t make any difference.
A. If
B. When
C. That
D. Whether
15. _____is a fact that English is becoming more and more important.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
16. ______fashion differs from country to country may reflect a cultural difference from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 17. Information has been put forward_______more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as
18. ______gone is gone. ______no use talking about it any more.
A. That’s/It’s
B. What’s/It’s
C. That’s/That’s
19. ______happens to call while I am out of the office, please have him leave the message for me. A. who B. anyone C. someone D. whoever
20. America was_____was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what
B. where
C. the place
D. there where
定语从句典型例句,高考链接
1 Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _____ effects the people are still suffering.(2005天津)
A that
B whose
C those
D what
2 You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, ____ is always busy at the weekend.(2006上海春招)
A that
B where
C what
D which
3 Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.(2005浙江)
A. which
B. that
C. this
D. it
4 All the neighbors admire this family _____ the parents are treating their child like a。