英译汉 Repetition

Repetition of Pronoun
英语中强调关系代词或强调关系副词:whoever, whenever, wherever等，汉译时尽量用重复法。
Whoever works hard will be respected. 谁工作努力，谁就会受到尊重。
Some are playing football, others are playing volleyball. 踢足球的在踢足球，打排球的在打排球
For the sake of Emphasis ★英语一般情况下尽量避免重复，但有时采用有意 识的重复，以起到强烈的修辞效果
Blood must stone for blood.血债要用血来偿。 I shall go later but I can’t leave now.去是去，但现在不能走。 What may be done at any time will be done at no time.(p178) 常将今日推明日，推到后来影无踪。 I’ll go.走就走。 I have tried. 做是做了。 Year after year.一年又一年。
Peter is your enemy as much as he is mine. 彼德既是你的敌人，又是我的敌人
This has been our position — but not theirs.
这一直是我们的立场――而不是他们的立场
Repetition of Noun
⑶重复介词短语中所省略的名词
The Effects of Repetition
⒈Explicitness(明确） ⒉Emphasis（强调）
⒊Vividness(生动）
For the sake of Explicitness
★为了使译文明确具体，英语原文没有重复，汉译 有时采用一种在形式上而不是内容上的重复的手段
Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned Tosold.(P175) or him, the birds sang, the squirrel chattered and the 我们的旧衣服和些许家具，当了的当了，卖了的卖了。 flowers bloomed. We should know that big powers have their strategies while 鸟儿向他歌唱，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿也为他开放。 small countries also have their own police.(p175） 我们应该知道强国有强国的策略，小国有小国的方法。
Repetition
• Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
• 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
• 重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过增加 的是上文刚刚出现过的词。
1. 2.
Repetition of Noun
⑷重复作先行词的名词或作同位语的名词
We have advocated the principle of peaceful co-existence, 英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代 which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.（p169) 表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词（名词或代
除了苦干、流汗、流泪、甚至流血，我别无所能。我们所 面对的是一种最痛苦的磨难，是历时数月之久的斗争和苦 难。 你们会问， 我们的对策是什么？我认为是从地面，海 上和空中发动的一场战争，—一场竭尽我们所能，竭尽上 帝所赐予我们的全部力量的战争，一场与人类罪行簿上所 记载的最黑暗，最悲哀的恶魔暴政相抗争的战争。 你们还会问， 我们的目的是什么？我可以用一个词来 回答，那就是胜利，——付出任何代价的胜利，不顾任何 恐怖的胜利。没有胜利就没有生存。 我们必须意识到这一点：没有胜利，就没有大英帝国 的存在， 就没有大英帝国所代表的一切的存在， 就没有 愿望的存在， 就没有时代理想的存在， 就没有朝着人类 目标的买进。
Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源
We caught a glimpse of the leading horses and of a horseman vanishing through the rain. 我们扫了一眼最前面的几匹马，突然发现一个骑马的 人消失在雨中。
For the sake of Vividness
♠使用重叠词。
clear 清清楚楚 flat 平平淡淡
♣运用四字词组 ♥两个四字词组
He showed himself calm in an emergency situation. 他在情况危急时，态度从容，镇定自若 kick down the ladder 过河拆桥﹑忘恩负义 turn over a new leaf 洗心革面﹑脱胎换骨
词），一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语 中没有关系词，往往需要重复作这个先行词 Peace-loving people can only wish that the victory on election 的名词。 be utilized and consolidate, and that a stable government be
formed in that country.(P169)
Repetition of Verb.
Ⅰ.重复几个宾语所共用的几个的动词
We have come here to express our gratitude and the friendship, complete solidarity and comradeship-in-arms that unit our two peoples.(p167) 我们来到这里是为了表达我们的感激之情，也是为了表达连结 我们两国人民的友谊、完全团结和情同手足般的战斗情谊。
♦四字对偶词组
油嘴滑舌——glib tongue 长嗟短叹——sighing deeply 土崩瓦解——fall apart 两面三刀——two-faced tactics
I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.
A(B+C) = AB+ AC
They were starting from scratch and needed men, guns, training. 他们是白手起家的，他们需要人员，需要枪支，需要训练。
Repetitio词
英语的句子中动词后有介词，在第二次﹑第三次往往只用介词 而省略动词，在译文中往往要重复动词以代替英语中重复的介词 You can do it very well, if you care to. 如果你愿意做这件事，可以做得很好
(A+B)C=AC+BC
It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland. 重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。
Repetition of Noun
⑵ Repeat the Noun. which is used as Predicative 重复作表语的名词
Repetition of Noun. Repetition of Verb.
3.
Repetition of Pron.
Repetition of Noun
⑴ Repeat the Noun. which is used as Object 重复作宾语的名词
We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.（p167) 我们应学会如何分析问题、解决问题。 Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulation.(p166) 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。