2020年高考天津版高考英语 专题十五 阅读表达

专题十五阅读表达
挖命题
【考情探究】
分析解读纵观天津近五年高考,可以看出该题型以对细节表达的考查为主,猜词表达和观点态度表达每年一题,推断表达和主旨表达考查较少,即使考查推断表达也是细节推断,而主旨表达主要侧重段落主旨。

【真题典例】
真题再现
Some people live to climb the highest mountains.Some people live only
dreaming
．．．．．．．．about
．．．．．it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all.But one thing is
阅读点拨
dream about想象
certain,all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl,my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain.One day after school,while exploring the green woods of this
magnificent
．．．．．．．．．．．mountain,I almost fell on a set of stairs.What could these steps lead to?Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark
soon.I started climbing up those strangely mysterious
．．．．．．．．．．steps.
I climbed and climbed.There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps.I had to reach the top!But it was now getting real dark.If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back.My mum would be worried sick if I didn t come home soon.So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously
．．．．．．．．．I．went
．．．．to．．bed
．．．dreaming
．．．．．．．．about
．．．．．what
．．．．I．would
．．．．．find
．．．．at．．the
．．．top
．．．of．．this
．．．．
magical
．．．．．．．mountain.
．．．．．．．．．Could there be a castle up there?Maybe I would find a
monster(怪物).Maybe I was taking
．．．．．．the
．．．risk
．．．．of．．never coming back home.Or,
maybe all I would find was absolutely
．．．．．．．．．．nothing!But something inside me was
going to climb that mountain at．．all．．．cost
．．．．.I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the“can t do”attitudes.We all fall down.We all have doubts and regrets.Still we must climb and dream about what s at the top of our mountain.Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream!Never let anyone tell you,“You can t.”Dream big and climb high!
magnificent adj.壮丽的,宏伟的mysterious adj.神秘的
译文:我急切地躺在床上想象着我会在神奇的山顶发现什么。

分析:现在分词短语dreaming about...作went to bed的伴随状语, what引导的名词性从句作介词about的宾语。

take the risk of...冒……风险absolutely adv.绝对地,完全地at all cost不惜任何代价
真题再现解题指导
1.What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top?(no more than5 words)
1.Curiosity made her do so.
Or:The desire to explore.细节表达题。

由第二段最后两句可知,在好奇心的驱使下,“我” 开始爬山。

2.Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain?Give two reasons.(no more than15words)
2.Because it was getting dark,and she didn t want her mother to worry about her.
Or:Because she was scared,and might not be able to find her/the way back home.细节表达题。

由第三段最后三句“如果我继续攀登,我可能会看不见回去的路。

如果我不能很快回到家,妈妈会极度担心的。

因此我几乎是在黑暗中跑回家的,努力不让自己感到太害怕。

” 可知答案。

3.How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4?(no more than10words)
3.She had rich imagination and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination.
Or:She was imaginative and determined,and she dared to explore.
Or:She was imaginative,adventurous and determined.推断表达题。

由第四段的“我急切地躺在床上想象着我会在神奇的山顶发现什么。

那儿会有城堡吗?或许我会发现一个怪物。

或许我在冒着永远回不了家的风险。

或许我什么也发现不了!但是我内心深处的某种东西让我打算不惜任何代价去攀登那座山。

我几乎等不及再次冒险”可知答案。

4.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?(no more than5 words)
4.We all sometimes fail.
Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life.
Or:There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life.
Or:We run into trouble sometimes.
Or:We have trouble in life.猜词表达题。

由画线句前一句“现在我们生活在一个被‘不能做’ 态度包围着的世界” 和画线句后面两句“我们都有怀疑和遗憾。

我们仍然必须攀登并想象山顶有什么。

” 可推知,此处应为“生活中我们有时都会面临失败和困难”。

5.What s your attitude towards the“mountain”in your life?Please explain.(no more than 20words)
5.I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
Or:I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life.观点态度表达题。

答案见仁见智,但态度必须是积极向上的。

我们从文章中学到的应是:无论我们在生活中遇到什么样的困难,都应该积极面对,勇敢地去克服它们,努力实现自己的目标,成就积极的人生。

过专题
【五年高考】
A组自主命题·天津卷题组
Passage1(2018天津春)
For many teenagers,a job is a way to earn a little extra money.For me,it is more than that.
At the age of16,I was offered my very first job as a shopgirl in a clothing store.On the first day,my manager was training me how to fold and organize platform after platform of clothes.The work seemed overwhelming,and everything had to be done in an accurate
way.I got so impatient because I couldn t get it right the first couple of times.After about ten tries,I had the clothes folded perfectly.Then it took me thirty minutes to get them all looking uniform.Now,I fold and organize clothes every day,and I m able to do them well. Through this experience,I ve learned to be patient.
Helping customers and establishing connections with them is one of the things I love most about my job.About two months ago,I helped a woman who was looking for a dress. She told me exactly what she was picturing—a blue dress with long sleeves and a lace neck.We didn t have any such dress,and when I explained that to her,she wasn t very happy.Instead of getting annoyed,I tried getting to know her a bit better and asked what the dress was for,so I could find other items in her size that could work.We shared our love of the Netflix fashion show,and she ended up buying$200worth of new clothes, having found other items she liked.This experience has taught me to be more open with strangers.
Every job has its share of frustrations and challenges;to do well you must learn to deal with them.I ve learned this from my own experience,and it has helped me in other aspects of my life as well.
1.What was the author s first job?(no more than5words)
2.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Para.2?(no more than3words)
3.How did the author manage to meet the customer s needs in Para.3?(no more than15 words)
4.How has the author s work experience changed her in personality?(no more than10 words)
5.What job would you like to do?How can you help people in your work?(no more than20 words)
答案
1.Selling clothes.Or:She sold clothes.Or:She worked as a shopgirl.Or:Working in a clothing store.Or:Working as a shopgirl.Or:She was a shopgirl.
2.Huge and difficult.Or:Too much/Beyond me.Or:Difficult/Tough/Hard/Frustrating. Or:Challenging/Demanding.Or:Great in amount.
3.She learned about the customer s interest and helped her get the clothes that suited her.Or:By learning about the customer s taste and what her dress was for.Or:She helped the customer to get the clothes she liked.
4.It has made her patient and more open with people/strangers.
Or:She is(more)patient and more open with people/strangers.Or:She has become(more) patient and more open with people/strangers.Or:She is more patient and open facing frustrations and challenges.
5.I d like to be a teacher.I can help children acquire knowledge and grow up.
Or:I d like to be a doctor so that I can improve people s health and save their lives.
Or:I d like to be a policeman.I can protect people from danger and create a safe living
environment.
Passage2(2017天津夏)
In the years of my growing up,Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream,“I hate you!”Dad would yell back,“Good!I don t care!”Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party,I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said,“Call my dad.” Next thing,Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning,thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected,I got a roasting,but I now understand why I needed discipline.
Dad was29when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a1990s TV series,but it wasn t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad,I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a competitive industry,I ve sometimes thought,“I can t do this any more.”
Once,after a trip to Hollywood,I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting,listening to Eckhart Tolle s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice,I know it s hard,but it s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot,which I love.We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people.If it weren t for Dad,I wouldn t be where I am today.He s my biggest fan,and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.
1.What rules did Alice s father set for her when she was growing up?(no more than15 words)
2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph2mean?(no more than5words)
3.What did Alice s father do when she felt depressed?(no more than5words)
4.According to the last paragraph,what do Alice and her father have in common?(no more than10words)
5.What do you think of Alice s father?Please explain.(no more than20words)
答案
1.She should make her bed,do her homework and drink no alcohol.Or:Making her bed,doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.
2.I got/was criticised/scolded.
3.He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.
4.They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.
5.He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.
Or:He is always supportive/a source of strength.Whenever she is in trouble,he is there for her.
Passage3(2017天津春)
Walter was always sitting in the same chair when I came to visit.He would look up and smile when he saw me and pat the chair next to him for me to sit down.He loved to tell me about his lost golden years when he was an excellent baseball player.I was a good listener. After a couple of hours of talking,I would shake his hand and say goodbye to him.I hoped that I brought a little sunshine into Walter s life.
I met Walter when I was a high school student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home.It was the first of many such activities,ranging from playing with disabled children to sitting with cancer patients in a hospital.These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others.
My parents inculcated me with a belief that there was no greater human value than kindness,and encouraged me to make helping others and contributing to society important goals in life.Volunteer work provided a way of attempting to realize the truth of these messages.
I learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act of helping someone less fortunate. Involvement in the life of another person has enriched my life as well.Seeing how people deal with the challenges of their lives has taught me valuable lessons in courage and dignity.Many of the people whom I have met as a volunteer are an unforgettable part of my life.Perhaps I received far more than I ever gave.
This is why volunteerism works—each of us has so much need for human connection and so much to give to others.
1.What did the author do every time he visited Walter?(no more than10words)
2.What was the first activity the author got involved in as a volunteer?(no more than10 words)
3.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph3?(1word)
4.What is the main idea of Paragraph4?(no more than10words)
5.If you are to be a volunteer,what will you do?What can you benefit from the volunteer work?(no more than20words)
答案
1.He listened to Walter talking about his lost golden years.
Or:He acted as Walter s listener.
2.Visiting elderly/old people in a nursing home.
Or:He visited elderly/old people in a nursing home.
Or:A volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home.
3.Taught/Instructed/Educated.
4.The author learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act.
Or:The author learned that volunteerism is a two-way act.
Or:The author has benefited a lot from volunteerism/his volunteer work.
5.I will look after elderly people in a nursing home.I can learn a lot from their past experience.
Or:I will help disabled children.It can satisfy my desire to be useful.
Or:I will sit with cancer patients.I can learn to deal with the challenges of life.
Or:I will be a volunteer to protect the environment.We can live in a better and cleaner world.
Or:I will be a volunteer in an important event.It can broaden my horizons.
Passage4(2016天津)
I m a34-year-old man,married,live in a nice house,and have a successful career as an educational consultant.But my life was not always so great.I had a learning disability from an early age.I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art.The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words.I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土).Here I learned my first important lesson:disabled as I was in language,I could still be smart and well express myself with clay.And my confidence came along.
I got my next lesson from rock climbing.It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start.I soon noticed it wasn t a talent thing;it was practice.So I did it more.After about five years of climbing,I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall.I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time,you will get better at it.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.
Every day I practiced reading and writing,which I used to avoid as much as possible.After two hard years,I was literate.
Having gone through the long process with art,rock climbing,and reading and writing, now I ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown,hard,but interesting.
1.What made the author s school days difficult?(No more than5words)
2.Why did art give the author confidence?(No more than10words)
3.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing?(No more than15words)
4.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph4?(No more than5words)
5.How does the author s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life?Put it in your own words.(No more than20words)
答案
1.(His)Learning disability.Or:Having a learning disability.Or:That he was learning disabled.Or:He had a learning disability.
2.He could be smart and express himself with clay.
Or:Art could help him express himself without words.
Or:He could well express himself with clay/art.
3.If you enjoy something and keep doing it,you will get better at it.Or:The more you practice something,the better at it you will become.Or:Practice makes perfect.Or:Practice leads to success.
4.I could read and write.
5.We should not lose heart in the face of difficulties.If we work hard,we will find a way out. Or:The author s story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficulties in my life.
Or:We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination. Passage5(2015天津)
Six days a week,up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia,my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there.At age68,he retired from the post office,but he never stopped serving the community.
On his80th birthday,I sent him a letter,noting the things we all should be thankful for—good health,good friends and good outcomes.By most measurements he was a happy man.Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.At long last,in a comfortable home,with a generous pension,he should learn to take things easy.
“Thank you for your nice words,”he wrote in his letter back,“and I know what you meant,but slowing down scares me.Life isn t having it made;it s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid,and all difficult experiences had passed,and we had settled into a comfortable home.No.I go back years ago,when we lived in a three-room house,when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet.I rarely had more than four hours of sleep.But
what I still can t figure out is why I never got tired,never felt better in my life.I guess the answer is,we were fighting for survival,protecting and providing for those we loved.What matters are not the great moments,but the partial victories,the waiting,and even the defeats.It s the journey,not the arrival,that counts.”
The letter ended with a personal request:“Boy,on my next birthday,just tell me to wake up and get going,because I will have one less year to do things—and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”
Christina Rossetti,an English poet,once said:“Does the road wind uphill all the way?Yes,to the very end.”Today,at96,my grandfather is still on that long road,climbing. 1.What was the author s grandfather before he retired?(no more than5words)
2.What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter?(no more than10words)
3.What is the grandfather s view on life according to his letter back?(no more than10 words)
4.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?(no more than10 words)
5.Do you agree with the grandfather s view on life?Give reasons in your own words.(no more than20words)
答案
1.He was a postman.
2.He advised him to slow down(and take things easy)./He advised he/his grandfather(should)slow down.
3.The process is more important than the result.
Or:A man should not slow down however old he is.
Or:It s the journey,not the arrival,that counts.
4.My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.
Or:The grandfather is still living an active life.
Or:The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.
5.Yes.One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.
Or:Yes.People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful.
No.It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age. Or:No.Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age. Passage6(2014天津)
Last December,Doris Low turned90.Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind(CNIB)in Toronto,where she helps transform literature into braille(盲文)to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40years.
After working in the business world for a while,Low got fed up.So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.
Low s mother liked reading.As her eyes began to fail,Low read to her.Then“hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn braille,I decided to give it a try.”In1973,she was certified as a braille transcriber(转译者)and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.
The job was strenuous—she could get to the end of a page,make a mistake on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again.For a number of years,Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape.Three years ago,she took up proofreading(校对)at the CNIB s word factory.
In April,during Volunteer Week,the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions.Thanks to volunteers like Low,the CNIB library has got more than80,000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print.“I can t imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from Doris contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years—and she is still doing so,”said a CNIB official.
“For me,”said Low,“the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer.Three things matter most in my life:a little play,a little work,a little love.I ve found them all here.”
1.What does Low still do at the age of90at the CNIB?(no more than10words)
2.Why did Low learn braille?(no more than15words)
3.What does the underlined word“strenuous”most probably mean?(1word)
4.What are Low s contributions to the CNIB?(no more than15words)
5.What do you think of Low?Give your reasons.(no more than20words)
答案
1.She helps transform literature into braille(for blind readers/the blind).
2.(Because)Her mother s eyes began to fail and she heard an/the advertisement.
3.Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough.
4.She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books,and read books onto tape.
5.Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into braille as a volunteer.Or:Low is a kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others.
B组统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组
Passage1(2015四川)
It was a hot summer day that found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand.The closer I got to Sam&Joe s Stationery Store,the more excited I was.After all,a dollar was a tidy sum for an11-year-old boy in1961.
Out of breath,I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that instantly cooled me off.I was in a place of pure happiness.Sam&Joe s had it all—books,candy,toys,baseball cards,puzzles and games.I went directly to the bar and ordered a bottle of soda.There I sat,considering my next move.
Books always came first.I picked out five titles.Next came the candy,rows and rows of
it.I chose five candy bars,which brought my total to75cents.Then a bottle of cold orange juice,a bag of chips and a pack of Ted Williams baseball cards.After paying the clerk,I still had5cents.
I hurried directly to my backyard,where an apple tree patiently waited for me.There,sitting in the shade against its strong trunk,I read my books,ate my candy and drank my orange juice.
As I sat in my own personal heaven,I started thinking about having more.That s when a fantastic,life-changing idea popped into my head:If I could get more money,I could buy more books I liked,buy anything I wanted.That s how it all started.
1.How did the boy feel on his way to Sam&Joe s?(no more than5words)
2.What does“a tidy sum”mean in Paragraph1?(no more than5words)
3.What did the boy consider doing first after he ordered soda?(no more than5words)
4.What did the boy do while reading?(no more than5words)
5.Where was the boy s“personal heaven”?(no more than9words)
答案
1.He felt excited.
2.A lot of money.
3.He considered buying books.
4.He ate and drank.
5.It was under the apple tree in his backyard.
Passage2(2015湖南)
Walk Out of the Comfort Zone and Try New Things
For most high school students,free periods are useless.From what I have seen,few do homework;instead many are on their phones and talking,making it impossible for those who actually want to do work to complete any.As a senior next year,I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.
Our school offers many classes.Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don t try it.
In my8th grade,I was told that I had to take an art class as a graduation requirement;so in the9th grade I took Studio and Art.One of the projects was to build a clay pot,but I built mine incorrectly,so it broke in the kiln(窑).I found out that I have no artistic ability at all,and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an artist.However,the class was one of my favorites that year.I was able to try new activities and test my ability.
Walk out of our comfort zone and try new things!College is when we should focus on a specific major,but high school is when we have to figure it out.
Half of all college students change their major at some point.By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never needed to take.So use our extra periods to find out what we want to do in college.The classes we choose can impact us in
the future.Taking optional subjects will enrich our mind.It will also show colleges we are diverse students.
1.How should we use our extra periods in the author s opinion?(No more than9words)
2.Why does the author think we should experiment in different fields of study?(No more than17words)
3.Why did the clay pot show the author s lack of artistic ability?(No more than10words)
4.According to the author,how will taking optional subjects impact us in the future?(No more than13words)
答案
1.We should use them to take optional subjects.
2.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject without trying it.
3.It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln.
4.It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.
Passage3(2014山东)
[1]Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one,and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers.The result is overcrowding on the road system,which is one of the problems the local governments are faced with.
[2]When people travel to other towns,the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town.Buses could be provided to take them into the centre.These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK.At Southerton,for example,a council-funded project led to a15%drop in city centre traffic over five months.
[3]What the council found,though,was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre.Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade.As the number of people driving past dropped,so did their incomes.
[4]Making car driving expensive is another way of.Road taxes tend to mean that people use their cars less.Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to leave their cars behind.
[5]However,one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed.If we expect people to give up the habit of driving,we must give them an alternative they can rely on.Constant delays,unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transport.People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time.
1.What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph1?(no more than 12words)
2.What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects?(no more than14words)
3.Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project?(no more than10words)
4.Fill in the blank in Paragraph4.(no more than8words)
5.Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph5?(no more than8words)
答案
1.The reduced/lowered cost of a new car and better road conditions.
2.They should park outside the town,and take the bus to the centre.
3.Their incomes dropped because fewer people drove past.
4.encouraging people to use public transport more/encouraging people to use their cars less/relieving the problem(of overcrowding)
5.Because public transport is not reliable/satisfactory.
Passage4(2014江西)
[1]A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept.They are mainly located in east or central Africa.They often occupy a very wide area,with mountains and rivers.To visit the park and look at the animals,people have to drive around in a car for a few hours because the park is huge.
[2]In South Africa there is a safari park,which contains all sorts of wild animals like lions,elephants,rhinoceroses(犀牛),zebras,wild pigs,deer and giraffes.
[3]There is a wide road leading through the park,but nobody is permitted to walk on
the road.Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people.From the car he may see almost every type of African wildlife.Some of these are getting scarce(稀有的)because people kill them for various reasons.For example,rhinoceroses are killed for their horns(角),which are used in traditional Chinese medicines for colds and headaches.Perhaps they will be seen only in museums and books one day.
[4]Travelers may purchase food for the animals.They can feed them when they tour the park.Of course,they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people.In addition,they should only give proper food to the animals.
[5]A traveler may carry a gun with him in his journey.The gun is given to him by the government.However,it is not used for hunting.In fact,a seal is fixed to it.The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked.However,he has to prove to the government that he has been attacked and that he has not fired at a harmless animal.
1.List one of the reasons why travelers have to stay in a car during their visit.(no more than 6words)
2.Why are rhinoceroses getting scarce?(no more than7words)
3.What warnings are given to travelers when they feed the animals?(no more than15 words)。