Development. Focus on “Recovery of Cortical Binocularity and Orientation Selectivity After
作文：更多注意力需在环境问题上
The government should focus more on environmental problems and less on economic developmentNowdays,although economic development is in the rapid way and it became more and more blooming , there always have many serious challenges and potential crisis.In my opinon,environmental problems are the most acute one that will have a great impact on our future life and social proceeding ,because of it , I suggest that the government should focus more on environmental problems and less on economic development .Why do I think of it deliberately ? Fristly, there were more and more natural catastrophes which resulted from environmental problems occurred in our surroundings . owing to the blind attention to rapid economic development ,our government abused environment resource and neglected the protection of nature .so it bring the human beings punishment . For instance,water pollution、air contamination and green house effection destroyed the nature balance and made animals extinct. It is just said that partial activities in economic develpoment do harmful to the environment . In the second place, I believed economic development is a long-run proceeding ,and therefore our government should treat it step by step，the environment problem is always a eternal focus point. Finally ,last but not least ,environment resource have its own limition and it will be exhaust in the course of time.we must do our best to leavelegacy to our offspring.To sum up,our government should focus on environmental problems and less on economic development and creat the sustainable progress.Written by 周翌。
新发展理念英语作文初三
In recent years,the concept of innovative development has been widely recognized and implemented in various fields.This essay aims to explore the significance of the new development concept and its application in the context of todays society,particularly focusing on the perspective of a junior high school student.Title:Embracing the New Development Concept in Junior High SchoolIntroduction:The era we live in is characterized by rapid changes and advancements.As a junior high school student,I have observed the impact of the new development concept on education, technology,and social progress.This essay will delve into the essence of this concept and how it shapes our future.The Core of the New Development Concept:The new development concept emphasizes innovation,coordination,green development, openness,and sharing.It is a holistic approach that seeks to balance economic growth with social equity and environmental sustainability.Innovation:Innovation is at the heart of the new development concept.It is the driving force behind technological advancements and economic prosperity.As students,we are encouraged to think creatively and solve problems in novel ways.Schools are integrating more handson learning experiences and fostering an environment that values curiosity and experimentation.Coordination:Coordination is crucial for harmonious development.It involves aligning the efforts of various sectors to achieve common goals.In the educational context,this means ensuring that all students have equal opportunities to learn and grow.It also means that schools work closely with parents and the community to support students wellbeing.Green Development:The new development concept underscores the importance of environmental protection. Green development is not just about reducing pollution but also about creating a sustainable future.Schools are teaching students about the importance of recycling, conserving energy,and protecting biodiversity.This awareness is crucial for the next generation to become responsible stewards of the planet.Openness:Openness is about embracing diversity and learning from different cultures.In anincreasingly globalized world,it is essential for students to understand and respect different perspectives.Schools are promoting international exchanges and encouraging students to learn foreign languages to foster a more inclusive and interconnected society.Sharing:Sharing is about ensuring that the benefits of development are accessible to all.It is about creating a society where everyone has the opportunity to succeed.In education,this means providing resources and support to students from all backgrounds,ensuring that no one is left behind.Conclusion:The new development concept is not just a theoretical framework it is a practical guide for shaping a better future.As junior high school students,we are at the forefront of this change.By embracing these principles,we can contribute to a society that is more innovative,harmonious,sustainable,inclusive,and equitable.It is our responsibility to carry these values forward and make a positive impact on the world.。
绿色发展英语作文80词
绿色发展英语作文80词绿色发展英语作文：英文回答：Green development is an important concept that promotes sustainable and environmentally-friendly practices. It focuses on finding ways to meet our present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meettheir own needs. There are several reasons why green development is crucial.Firstly, green development helps to protect the environment. By adopting eco-friendly practices, such as using renewable energy sources and reducing waste, we can minimize our impact on the planet. For example, instead of using fossil fuels that contribute to air pollution and climate change, we can switch to solar or wind energy. This not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but also helps to preserve natural resources.Secondly, green development promotes economic growth. Many green technologies and industries have emerged as a result of the growing demand for sustainable solutions. These industries create job opportunities and stimulate economic development. For instance, the renewable energy sector has seen significant growth, leading to the creation of thousands of jobs worldwide.Furthermore, green development enhances the quality of life for individuals and communities. By prioritizing sustainable practices, we can create healthier living environments. For example, promoting green transportation options, such as cycling or using public transport, not only reduces air pollution but also improves the overall well-being of individuals by encouraging physical activity.In conclusion, green development is essential for a sustainable future. It protects the environment, promotes economic growth, and improves the quality of life. By embracing green practices, we can create a better world for ourselves and future generations.中文回答：绿色发展是一种重要的概念，促进可持续和环保的实践。
The Importance of Sustainable Development
The Importance of SustainableDevelopmentSustainable development is a concept that has gained significant attention in recent years, as the world grapples with the challenges of climate change, environmental degradation, and social inequality. It refers to the idea of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept is crucial for the long-term well-being of our planet and its inhabitants, and it is important to understand the various perspectives on why sustainable development is so important. From an environmental perspective, sustainable development is critical for ensuring the health and longevity of our planet. The current rate of resource consumption and environmental degradation is simply not sustainable in the long run. If wecontinue to exploit natural resources at the current rate, we risk depleting them to the point of no return. This would have devastating consequences for the planet, leading to widespread ecosystem collapse, loss of biodiversity, and a decline in the quality of life for all living beings. By embracing sustainable development, we can work towards conserving and preserving our natural resources, thereby ensuring a healthier and more resilient planet for future generations. Moreover, sustainable development is also essential for addressing the social and economic inequalities that exist in the world today. Many communities around the globe lack access to basic necessities such as clean water, adequate healthcare, and education. By promoting sustainable development, we can work towards creating a more equitable world where everyone has the opportunity to thrive. This includes empowering marginalized communities, promoting fair labor practices, and investing in renewable energy sources that can provide affordable and reliable power tothose in need. By addressing these social and economic disparities, we can createa more just and inclusive society for all. Additionally, sustainable developmentis crucial for ensuring the long-term viability of businesses and economies. Asthe world becomes increasingly interconnected, businesses are beginning to recognize the importance of operating in a sustainable manner. This includes reducing their environmental footprint, embracing ethical business practices, andinvesting in sustainable technologies. By doing so, businesses can not only contribute to the well-being of the planet and its inhabitants, but also ensure their own long-term success. Sustainable business practices can lead to cost savings, improved brand reputation, and access to new markets, ultimately driving economic growth and prosperity. Furthermore, sustainable development is important for safeguarding the health and well-being of current and future generations. The impacts of climate change, environmental pollution, and resource depletion are already being felt around the world, leading to a wide range of health problems such as respiratory illnesses, food and water insecurity, and increasedvulnerability to natural disasters. By embracing sustainable development, we can work towards mitigating these risks and creating a healthier and more secure world for all. This includes investing in clean energy, promoting sustainable agriculture, and reducing our reliance on harmful chemicals and pollutants. By prioritizing the health of our planet and its inhabitants, we can create a more sustainable and resilient future for generations to come. In conclusion, sustainable development is a crucial concept that encompasses environmental, social, and economic considerations. By embracing sustainable development, we can work towards preserving the health of our planet, promoting social equity, driving economic growth, and safeguarding the well-being of current and future generations. It is important for individuals, businesses, and governments to prioritize sustainable development in their decision-making processes, and to take meaningful action towards creating a more sustainable and prosperous world for all. Only by working together and embracing sustainable development can we hope to address the complex challenges facing our planet and create a brighter future for generations to come.。
目前电动汽车的开发受到政府的重视英语作文
目前电动汽车的开发受到政府的重视英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Currently, the development of electric vehicles is receiving significant attention and support from governments around the world. With the growing concern over climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, many countries are setting ambitious targets for the adoption of electric vehicles in their transportation systems.One of the key drivers for the increased focus on electric vehicles is the need to reduce air pollution in urban areas. Traditional gasoline and diesel vehicles are major contributors to air pollution, releasing harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. By promoting the use of electric vehicles, governments aim to reduce the harmful emissions that are generated by traditional vehicles and improve air quality in cities.In addition to the environmental benefits, electric vehicles also offer economic advantages. Electric vehicles are cheaper to operate and maintain than gasoline-powered vehicles, as theyhave fewer moving parts and do not require oil changes or regular maintenance. Governments recognize the potential cost savings for consumers and are incentivizing the adoption of electric vehicles through subsidies, tax credits, and other financial incentives.Furthermore, the development of electric vehicles is seen as a way to reduce dependence on imported oil and increase energy security. By transitioning to electric vehicles powered by renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power, countries can reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and diversify their energy sources. This not only strengthens energy security but also reduces the impact of oil price fluctuations on the economy.Governments are also investing in the development of charging infrastructure to support the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. Building a network of charging stations is essential to address range anxiety and encourage consumers to switch to electric vehicles. Many countries are providing funding for the installation of public charging stations and offering incentives for private businesses to invest in charging infrastructure.In addition to these initiatives, governments are also working to promote research and development in the electricvehicle sector. Funding is being allocated for research into battery technology, vehicle design, and other areas to accelerate the development of electric vehicles and make them more affordable and accessible to consumers.Overall, the growing focus on electric vehicles by governments is a positive step towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving air quality, and promoting sustainable transportation. By prioritizing the development of electric vehicles and supporting their adoption, governments are taking proactive steps to address the environmental and economic challenges of the future.篇2In recent years, the development of electric vehicles has been receiving increasing attention and support from governments around the world. As concerns over climate change, air pollution, and energy security have grown, many governments are pushing for the adoption of electric vehicles as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.One of the key reasons why governments are focusing on the development of electric vehicles is their potential to reducegreenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. The transportation sector is a major contributor to global carbon emissions, and by promoting the use of electric vehicles, governments can help reduce the environmental impact of road transport. In addition, electric vehicles can also help improve air quality in cities by reducing emissions of harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.Another factor driving government support for electric vehicles is the need to reduce dependence on imported oil and increase energy security. As fossil fuel reserves dwindle and geopolitical tensions in oil-producing regions escalate, many countries are looking to diversify their energy sources and reduce their reliance on oil imports. Electric vehicles offer a promising solution to this problem, as they can be charged using renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, reducing the need for oil-based fuels.Furthermore, the development of electric vehicles also presents economic opportunities for governments and domestic industries. By investing in the research, development, and production of electric vehicles, governments can create new jobs, stimulate economic growth, and position their countries as leaders in the emerging market for clean transportationtechnologies. In addition, the shift towards electric vehicles can also have positive impacts on public health, as it can reduce noise pollution and improve urban livability.To support the development of electric vehicles, governments around the world have implemented a range of policies and incentives. These include subsidies for electric vehicle purchases, tax breaks for manufacturers, investments in charging infrastructure, and regulations to mandate the adoption of electric vehicles in government fleets. In some countries, governments have set ambitious targets for the deployment of electric vehicles, such as banning the sale of new gasoline-powered cars in the coming decades.Despite the progress that has been made in the development of electric vehicles, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. These include concerns about the high cost of electric vehicles, limited driving range, lack of charging infrastructure, and the environmental impact of battery production and disposal. Governments will need to continue to work with industry stakeholders, research institutions, and the public to overcome these challenges and accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles.In conclusion, the development of electric vehicles is a key priority for governments around the world as they seek to address pressing environmental, economic, and energy security challenges. By supporting the growth of the electric vehicle market through policies and incentives, governments can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and create new opportunities for innovation and economic growth. The transition to electric vehicles is not without its challenges, but with continued investment and collaboration, electric vehicles have the potential to transform the way we move and usher in a more sustainable future.篇3In recent years, the development of electric vehicles has been receiving increasing attention and support from governments worldwide. As the world faces environmental challenges such as pollution and climate change, many governments are looking towards electric vehicles as a key solution to reduce carbon emissions and combat air pollution. This essay will discuss the reasons why the development of electric vehicles has become a priority for governments and the ways in which they are supporting this industry.One of the main reasons why governments are focusing on the development of electric vehicles is the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. The transportation sector is a major contributor to carbon emissions, with traditional gasoline-powered vehicles being a significant source of pollution. By promoting the adoption of electric vehicles, governments hope to reduce the carbon footprint of the transportation sector and move towards a more sustainable future.In addition to environmental concerns, governments are also interested in promoting the development of electric vehicles as a way to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and enhance energy security. By shifting towards electric vehicles, countries can decrease their reliance on imported oil and strengthen their energy independence. This is particularly important for countries that do not have abundant oil reserves and must import most of their energy resources.Furthermore, the development of electric vehicles is seen as a way to foster innovation and create new economic opportunities. The electric vehicle industry is a rapidly growing sector that has the potential to create jobs and drive economic growth. By investing in research and development, governmentscan support the growth of this industry and enable companies to develop new technologies and products. This not only benefits the economy but also helps to position countries as leaders in the global clean energy transition.To support the development of electric vehicles, governments are implementing a range of policies and incentives to encourage consumers to switch to electric vehicles. One common policy is the promotion of electric vehicle subsidies, tax credits, and rebates, which help to make electric vehicles more affordable for consumers. In addition, governments are investing in the development of charging infrastructure to address range anxiety and make it more convenient for drivers to charge their vehicles.Another key strategy that governments are using to promote electric vehicles is the implementation of stringent emissions standards and regulations. By setting targets for the reduction of carbon emissions and fuel efficiency standards, governments are encouraging automakers to invest in electric vehicle technology and develop cleaner vehicles. This not only benefits the environment but also helps to create a level playing field for electric vehicles in the market.Overall, the development of electric vehicles has become a top priority for governments around the world due to its environmental, economic, and energy security benefits. By supporting the growth of the electric vehicle industry, governments are not only addressing pressing environmental issues but also driving innovation and creating new opportunities for economic development. As electric vehicles become more mainstream, it is clear that governments will continue to play a crucial role in shaping the future of transportation towards a cleaner and more sustainable path.。
经济发展与环境保护的英语辩论
正方一辩陈述本方观点Good morning ,everyone!From the ultimate goal of human development, we need to address both the symptoms and root causes to solve the environmentalproblems thoroughly. To effect a permanent cure, we must give first priority to the development of economy, and optimize the economic structure fundamentally toblock the source of the environment problems；To take temporary solution，we also should give priority to the development of economy, so that we have the technology, capital and other supports for solving the environmental problems. Only in this way can environment protection be provided for human survival and development.反方一辩陈述本方观点：The economic development refers to society can provide abundant commodity to improve human material life; environmental protection is to take certain policymeasures to protect the ecological balance. economic development means thatcompanies need more workshop and raw materials to ensure the supply ofgoods——then there is a problem, that is nature land and raw materials to human is limited, economic priority development will occupy nature resources which originally do not belong to the human.反1My fellow debaters ，please allow me to ask. The economy is the temporary matter, but the environment is of the ten thousand generation, which one is more important? When Economic develops slowly, people can also eat rice; how can we still survive if there is no environment.正2Sorry, I'm afraid the key points we debate today are the right of priority. Economy development first does not mean totally ignore the environmental protection, theenvironmental protection is just in the inferior position .Just like the present China, although the policy attach great importance to environmental protection, economic development receive priority in the general counties, there is only capital cities would likely take it seriously to environmental protection, everybody know it in our ownheart.反2Excuse me, my fellow debaters. If economic development receives priority then it is likely to cause the environmental costs to be larger than the economic efficiency, such economy develops or backs up?正3This kind of situation is there truly, but not every moment. The situation in each industry is different; we cannot draw conclusions from one part. But according toyour point, in this case the economic benefit is negative, then if we changedenvironment first, we can turn it into profit? I don't think so.as a developing country, the economy power is far behind the developed counties, China have one fifth of the people in the world, but the income of per head is only in 109th among countries. so the urgent affairs of china is developing oureconomy. Second, economy growth doesn’t necessarily conflict with environment protection. we can develop our economy without environment pollution .Third, whenour economy strength become strong ,we can spend more money and energy on environment protection,till then it will be a win-win. In a word, considering the current situations, economy growth should take priority in China.We know that the protection of the environment is mainly prevention, and we should combine prevention with treatment, and the prevention and control depends on the development of technology, then my fellow debaters, if there is no strong economic basis for science and tech nology development, then don’t mention the environmental protection supported by the science and technology.反3Your question is a little abstract. Science and technology develops endlessly, so dose economic development, when will it be considered as “stro ng"? Butenvironmental protection is imminent, which can't afford to delay.正1Excuse me, my fellow debaters. The responsibility of economic development is to let people enjoy a rich life, including the basic necessities and entertainment, isn't it now the people's universal desire?反1People`s expectation is not necessarily that good. I believe that people tend to live in a life of happiness, and at the same time, survive in a healthy and harmonious natural environmentThe environment we live in, our future generations have to live here. We destroy the environment of economic development, some damage is irreparable, the future generations of crime. Now countries around the world have attached great importance to the strategy of sustainable development research, vigorously develop the green industry, and pollution-free industries. China is a civilization with a long history and a big country in the process of economic development should also attach importance to environmental protection, to leave our future generations a better living space.we must protect the environment of economic development is a natural law requirements. The process of economic development, if the serious damage to the natural environment, then we will be natural to be severely punished. Major floods caused damage to the environment are the inevitable result. In the floods in the consumption of manpower, material and financial fear of the expense of the environment more than the fruits of economic development. The laws of nature is merciless, who violated it who will be its revenge. We must attach great importance to the process of economic development in the protection of the natural environment and social environment正2but you forget that China has 130 million people. The eastern cities can’t stand for the whole China. We know that environment protection need high-technology, High-tech personnel, and science research. They all need a lot of money, and money is created by economy. I want to ask my fellow debater that can we protect our environment well without strong economy strength正2请问对方辩友，原始社会的人类祖先们环境保护工作做得可谓好了吧，而他们经济发展很落后，所所以才一直过着钻木取火、茹毛饮血的生活，按你们的意思我们应该回归这种生活吗？Excuse me, my fellow friends .In the primitive society, human ancestor`s environmental protection work is good, but to them Economic development is very backward, so it has been living a life of the earliest people, should we return to this kind of life according to your meaning?反2人类祖先确实需要发展经济，但若是在这个过程中砍完了森林，污染了河流，使衣食都不再有保障，恐怕也无法发展下去了。
China focuses on socioeconomic development
71INTERNATIONAL TALENT IN BRIEF 资讯China focuses on socioeconomic development The recently concluded two sessions will be speciallyremembered for being held during an unprecedentedpandemic. The year 2019, the 70th anniversary of thefounding of the People's Republic of China, was asuccessful year despite the many serious challengesfacing the country and the international situation beingvery demanding both politically and economically.The idea of multilateralism is being constantlychallenged by forces determined to change the world tosuit their narrow, selfish interests at a time when worldeconomic growth has shrunk and global economic andtrade frictions are rising.These developments have created a not so favorablesituation for the Chinese economy, yet they have notaffected it seriously. China has stood firm, furtheringits domestic development and minimizing the impactof external factors. It has overcome difficulties andachieved the main targets. Given the past years' globaltrends, China registering 6.1 percent growth in 2019,creating 13.52 million urban jobs and keeping theunemployment rate at 5.3 percent is praiseworthy.China has already made three critical achievements.Fi rst, it has drast ica lly reduced t he r u ra l poorpopulation and brought the poverty headcount ratioto 0.6 percent. Not only have people's living standardsimproved but also per capita disposable income hasreached 30,733 yuan ($4,200). Also, the urban populationnow accounts for about 60 percent of the total.Second, the country has intensified measures to preventand control pollution, by reducing emissions of majorpollutants and thus improving the overall environment.And third, China has more or less stabilized its financialsector, and to promote higher-level opening-up andattract more foreign investments, it is further reducingtaxes and fees, and setting up new free trade zones.Si nce tech nolog y-led i n novat ion a nd upg radedBy Ivona Ladjevac （Serb ）traditional industries are considered new growth drivers, they will get more government support.In particular, at a time when the world is battling the novel coronavirus pandemic, it is all the more important to increase investment in the science and technology sector, including research and development.Besides, China remains committed to realizing Belt and Road Initiative projects －which are mutually beneficial for all participants. And without any hidden agenda, China has invited all countries to join hands to build a community with a shared future for mankind.But, unfortunately, the pandemic has stalled quite a few of the mutually beneficial projects. Although it is still too early to gauge the overall effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on not only the Chinese economy and society but also the rest of the world, it is evident that China has been making all-out efforts to offset its impact.As the Chinese economy shrunk 6.8 percent in the first quarter of this year, the government should help the economy return to the growth track by providing necessary help for enterprises, especially small and medium-sized ones. If needed, it should also issue special bonds to keep production lines moving and the service sector running. Being an engine of global economic growth, China also has to maintain steady and healthy growth.Given the threat COVID-19 still poses to humans, it is imperative that the government take measures to support scientists so they can develop a vaccine against the novel coronavirus. In fact, only a vaccine can ensure the global economy's gradual return to the pre-outbreak stage. Until that happens, it would be illusory to make any plans for further development. But thanks to effective policies and supervision, China will succeed in fully containing the virus and pursuing high-quality economic development. (The author is head of the Regional Center of One Belt One Road, Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade. ) 「Excutive Editor: Li Yiwen 」。
绿色发展高中英文作文
绿色发展高中英文作文Green development is an important concept that focuseson achieving economic growth while protecting the environment and ensuring social progress. It emphasizes the need to balance economic development with environmental sustainability and social equity.There are several key principles of green development, including promoting renewable energy sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conserving natural resources, and promoting sustainable agriculture and land use practices.By adopting these principles, societies can achieve economic growth without compromising the well-being offuture generations.One of the main benefits of green development is the preservation of the environment. By reducing pollution, conserving natural habitats, and promoting sustainable practices, we can protect the planet for future generations. This not only benefits the environment but also improvesthe health and well-being of current populations.In addition, green development can create new economic opportunities and industries. By investing in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, countries can reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and create jobs in the growing green energy sector. This not only boosts the economy but also helps to address climate change and reduce the risks associated with relying on finite resources.Furthermore, green development can improve social equity by ensuring that all people have access to clean air, water, and natural resources. By promoting sustainable practices and investing in green infrastructure, societies canaddress environmental injustices and ensure that everyone has equal access to a healthy environment.Overall, green development is essential for creating a sustainable future for all. By adopting green principlesand investing in environmentally friendly practices, we can achieve economic growth, protect the environment, and promote social equity for generations to come.绿色发展是一个重要的概念，它着重于在保护环境和确保社会进步的同时实现经济增长。
熟虑高瞻绘新程的英语作文
Careful consideration and foresight are essential in planning a new journey.Heres an essay that embodies these qualities:Crafting a New Path with Thought and VisionAs we stand at the crossroads of life,it is the moments of deep reflection and visionary thinking that pave the way for a successful journey ahead.The ability to plan and strategize is not just a skill,but an art that requires patience,insight,and a keen understanding of the future.The Importance of ReflectionThe first step in crafting a new path is to engage in deep reflection.This involves looking back at the past to understand the lessons learned and the mistakes made.It is through this introspection that we can identify our strengths and weaknesses,and how they have shaped our current situation.Reflection also allows us to appreciate the small victories and the significant milestones that have led us to where we are today.The Role of VisionForesight is the compass that guides us towards our destination.It is the ability to envision the future,to imagine the possibilities,and to set goals that are both ambitious and achievable.A clear vision provides direction and purpose,enabling us to make informed decisions and to align our actions with our longterm objectives.Strategic PlanningWith reflection and vision in place,the next step is strategic planning.This is where we translate our thoughts and dreams into a tangible plan of action.Strategic planning involves setting clear,measurable goals,identifying the resources needed,and mapping out the steps required to achieve them.It also requires flexibility and adaptability,as plans may need to be adjusted in response to changing circumstances.Embracing ChangeA new journey is inherently about change.It is about stepping out of our comfort zones, embracing the unknown,and being open to new experiences.Change can be daunting, but it is also an opportunity for growth and development.By being open to change,wecan learn,adapt,and evolve,becoming better equipped to navigate the challenges that lie ahead.The Power of PersistenceFinally,persistence is the fuel that keeps us moving forward.It is the unwavering determination to continue,even when the going gets tough.Persistence is about resilience, about picking ourselves up after setbacks,and about maintaining our focus on the end goal.It is through persistence that we can turn our vision into reality.ConclusionIn conclusion,crafting a new path is a journey that requires careful consideration and high foresight.It involves reflection on the past,vision for the future,strategic planning, embracing change,and the persistence to see it through.By taking these steps,we can create a new path that is not only fulfilling but also leads us towards a brighter and more successful future.This essay serves as a guide for those who are ready to embark on a new journey, offering insights into the thought processes and actions that can lead to success.。
环境和发展英语作文
环境和发展英语作文Environmental protection and sustainable development are two important issues that we need to focus on intoday's society. It is crucial for us to take care of our environment and ensure that we are not harming it in the pursuit of development.We need to find a balance between economic growth and environmental protection. It is possible to achieve both goals if we are willing to make changes to our current practices. We need to invest in clean energy sources and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.One way to protect the environment is to reduce our waste production. We can do this by recycling, reusing, and reducing the amount of waste we generate. This will help to reduce pollution and conserve resources for future generations.Another important aspect of environmental protection isthe preservation of natural habitats and wildlife. We needto protect endangered species and ensure that our actionsdo not harm the delicate ecosystems that exist in our world.In conclusion, it is important for us to take action to protect the environment and promote sustainable development. By making small changes in our daily lives, we can make abig difference in the health of our planet. Let's work together to create a better future for ourselves and for future generations.。
经济和发展英语作文初中
经济和发展英语作文初中Economy and Development。
Economy and development are two interrelated concepts that are crucial for the growth and prosperity of a country. The economy of a country refers to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, while development refers to the process of improving the standard of living, infrastructure, and institutions of a country.In this essay, we will explore the importance of economyand development and how they are related.Economy is the backbone of any country. It is thedriving force behind the growth and development of a nation.A strong economy can provide employment opportunities, increase the standard of living, and reduce poverty. A robust economy can also attract foreign investment,increase exports, and improve the balance of payments. Therefore, it is essential for a country to have a strong and stable economy to ensure sustainable development.Development, on the other hand, is the process of improving the quality of life, infrastructure, and institutions of a country. It involves the provision of basic amenities such as education, healthcare, and sanitation. Development also includes the creation of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and airports. Additionally, development entails the establishment of institutions such as the judiciary, police, and administrative bodies. All these factors contribute to the overall progress and growth of a country.Economy and development are interrelated concepts. A strong economy can provide the necessary resources for development. For instance, a country with a robust economy can allocate funds for the construction of infrastructure, the provision of basic amenities, and the establishment of institutions. Similarly, development can contribute to the growth of the economy. For example, the provision of education and healthcare can increase the productivity of the workforce. The establishment of institutions such as the judiciary can ensure the rule of law, which isessential for a stable business environment.In conclusion, economy and development are crucial for the growth and prosperity of a country. A strong economy can provide the necessary resources for development, while development can contribute to the growth of the economy. Therefore, it is essential for a country to focus on both economy and development to ensure sustainable growth and progress.。
经济发展优先于环境保护英语作文
经济发展优先于环境保护英语作文Economic Development Is More Important Than Environmental ProtectionMy name is Tommy, and I'm a 10-year-old student in the fifth grade. Today, I want to share my thoughts on why economic development should be the top priority over environmental protection. I know this might sound a bit controversial, but hear me out!First of all, let's talk about what economic development means. It's all about making our country richer and improving the standard of living for everyone. When the economy is doing well, there are more jobs available, and people have more money to spend on things they need and want. Families can afford better homes, education, healthcare, and even fun activities like going to the movies or taking vacations.On the other hand, environmental protection is about taking care of nature, like keeping the air and water clean, protecting forests and animals, and using fewer resources. While these things are important, I think they should come second to growing the economy.Here's why: when people are struggling to make ends meet and put food on the table, worrying about the environment might not be their top concern. If you're unemployed or barely making enough money to pay the bills, you're probably more focused on finding a job and providing for your family than recycling or reducing your carbon footprint.That's why countries with stronger economies can afford to invest more in environmental protection. They have the resources to develop cleaner technologies, enforce environmental regulations, and fund conservation efforts. But if a country is still developing and trying to lift its people out of poverty, they might have to prioritize economic growth first.Think about it this way: if you had to choose between having a stable job that provides for your family or saving a few trees, which one would you pick? I know I'd choose the job because taking care of my family is the most important thing to me.Now, I'm not saying we should completely ignore the environment. That would be really bad! We still need to try our best to reduce pollution, protect wildlife, and use resources responsibly. But sometimes, tough choices have to be made, and ensuring people have enough money to live comfortably should come first.Another reason why economic development is so crucial is that it leads to better education and technological advancements. When a country is wealthy, it can invest more in schools, universities, and research. This means more people can get a good education and become scientists, engineers, or inventors who can develop new technologies that are actually better for the environment!For example, if we invest in renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, we can reduce our reliance on polluting fossil fuels. Or, if we fund research into electric vehicles and better batteries, we can have cleaner transportation options. These kinds of innovations wouldn't be possible without a strong economy and well-funded educational and research institutions.But here's the thing: even if we try our hardest to be environmentally friendly, there will always be some level of pollution or resource use involved in economic activities. It's just not realistic to expect zero environmental impact. The key is to find a balance and prioritize economic development first, so we have the resources to invest in cleaner technologies and sustainable practices later on.Think about it like this: if you're really hungry and only have enough money for one meal, you're going to choose the mealthat fills you up the most, even if it's not the healthiest option. But once you have enough money saved up, you can start buying healthier and more environmentally-friendly food options. It's the same concept with economic development and environmental protection.At the end of the day, I believe that a strong economy is the foundation for a better society. When people have good jobs and a decent standard of living, they can worry about other important things like protecting the environment. But if a country is struggling economically, with high unemployment and poverty rates, its people are going to be more focused on meeting their basic needs first.That's why I think economic development should take priority over environmental protection, at least initially. Once a country has achieved a certain level of economic prosperity, it can then shift more resources towards environmental conservation and sustainability efforts.It's all about finding the right balance and prioritizing what's most important at each stage of a country's development. And in my opinion, ensuring people have enough money to live comfortably and providing opportunities for a better life shouldcome first. After all, what's the point of having a pristine environment if people are struggling to survive?Those are just my thoughts as a 10-year-old kid, but I hope I've made a convincing case for why economic development is so crucial. At the end of the day, we all want a better future for ourselves, our families, and our planet. And I believe that by focusing on economic growth first, we can lay the foundation for a more prosperous and sustainable world in the long run.。
绿色发展的辩论英文作文
绿色发展的辩论英文作文Green development is the way to go for the future. We need to protect our environment and preserve our resources for the next generation. It's not just about making money, it's about creating a sustainable world for all.However, some people argue that green development is too expensive. They say that it's not practical to invest so much money into renewable energy and eco-friendly technology. They believe that it's more important to focus on economic growth and job creation.But the truth is, green development can actually create more jobs and boost the economy. By investing in renewable energy and sustainable infrastructure, we can create new opportunities for workers and stimulate economic growth.It's a win-win situation for both the environment and the economy.Another argument against green development is that it'stoo restrictive. Some people believe that environmental regulations and sustainability standards limit our freedom and hinder innovation. They argue that we should prioritize individual freedom and technological advancement over environmental protection.However, green development doesn't have to be restrictive. In fact, it can inspire innovation and creativity. By challenging the status quo and pushing for sustainable solutions, we can drive technological advancement and create new opportunities for growth and development.At the end of the day, green development is not just an option – it's a necessity. We need to shift towards a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly way of living ifwe want to ensure a better future for our planet and for future generations. It's time to embrace green development and work towards a healthier, more prosperous world for all.。
共赢发展为目标的英语作文
In todays globalized world,the concept of winwin development has become increasingly significant.It is a strategic approach that aims to create a mutually beneficial relationship between parties involved,ensuring that all stakeholders gain from the collaboration.This essay will explore the importance of winwin development and how it can be achieved in various sectors.Firstly,winwin development is crucial for fostering strong international relations.By working together and sharing resources,countries can overcome common challenges and achieve shared goals.For instance,international trade agreements often involve winwin scenarios where both exporting and importing nations benefit from the exchange of goods and services.Moreover,winwin development is essential for sustainable economic growth.Businesses that adopt this approach tend to have a more positive impact on the environment and society.By focusing on longterm benefits rather than shortterm gains,these companies can create a positive cycle of growth that benefits all stakeholders,including employees, customers,and the community.In the field of education,winwin development can be achieved through collaborative efforts between schools,parents,and the community.By working together,these stakeholders can create a supportive learning environment that promotes the holistic development of students.This approach not only enhances the quality of education but also contributes to the overall wellbeing of the community.To achieve winwin development,it is important to establish clear communication channels and foster a culture of trust and respect.Open dialogue and transparency are key to understanding the needs and expectations of all parties involved.Additionally,it is crucial to develop a shared vision and set common goals that align with the interests of all stakeholders.In conclusion,winwin development is a vital approach that promotes mutual benefits and longterm success.By adopting this strategy,individuals,businesses,and nations can work together to overcome challenges,create opportunities,and build a better future for all.It is our collective responsibility to embrace this approach and strive for a world where everyone can thrive.。
和平共发展的英语作文
Peace and development are two fundamental themes of our times.They are interdependent and mutually reinforcing,forming the cornerstone of global progress.Firstly,peace is the prerequisite for development.In a world filled with conflicts and wars,it is impossible to achieve sustainable development.Only when nations live in harmony can they focus on economic growth and social advancement.The absence of peace leads to the waste of resources,the destruction of infrastructure,and the displacement of people,all of which hinder development.Secondly,development is the foundation for peace.Poverty and backwardness are often the root causes of conflicts and wars.By promoting development,we can improve peoples living standards,reduce inequality,and create a more stable society. Development can also provide the necessary resources and conditions for resolving disputes and maintaining peace.Moreover,peace and development are mutually reinforcing.Peace creates a favorable environment for development,while development,in turn,consolidates peace.For example,economic cooperation and exchange can strengthen mutual trust and understanding between countries,reducing the likelihood of conflicts.To achieve peace and development,it requires the joint efforts of all countries.Firstly, nations should adhere to the principles of international law and the international order, resolving disputes through peaceful means.Secondly,countries should actively participate in international cooperation to address global challenges such as poverty, disease,and environmental stly,the international community should support the development of developing countries,providing them with assistance in technology,capital,and talent.In conclusion,peace and development are the eternal pursuits of humanity.Only by working together can we build a peaceful and prosperous world.Let us join hands to create a better future for all.。
环保绿色展宏图的英语作文
Environmental protection is a global concern that has gained significant attention in recent years.As the world becomes more industrialized,the need for sustainable practices has become increasingly important.Here are some key points to consider when discussing the topic of environmental protection and green development in an English essay:1.Introduction to Environmental Issues:Begin by outlining the major environmental challenges the world faces today,such as climate change,deforestation,pollution,and loss of biodiversity.2.Importance of Green Development:Explain the concept of green development,which focuses on economic growth that is sustainable and environmentally friendly.This includes the use of renewable energy,sustainable agriculture,and ecofriendly technologies.ernment Policies and Initiatives:Discuss the role of governments in promoting environmental protection.This can include legislation to reduce emissions,incentives for businesses to adopt green practices,and public education campaigns.4.Individual Responsibility:Emphasize the role that each person can play in protecting the environment.This can involve reducing waste,conserving energy,and supporting sustainable products and practices.5.Technological Advancements:Highlight the advancements in technology that contribute to environmental protection,such as electric vehicles,solar panels,and energyefficient appliances.6.Corporate Social Responsibility CSR:Discuss how businesses are increasingly recognizing the importance of CSR and are implementing policies to reduce their environmental footprint.7.International Cooperation:Address the need for international cooperation in combating environmental issues,such as the Paris Agreement and other global initiatives.8.Challenges and Solutions:Identify the challenges faced in implementing green policies and suggest possible solutions.This could include overcoming resistance from industries, addressing economic concerns,and finding a balance between development and conservation.9.Future Outlook:Provide an optimistic view of the future,with the hope that continuedefforts in environmental protection will lead to a cleaner,healthier planet for future generations.10.Conclusion:Summarize the main points and reiterate the importance of environmental protection and green development for a sustainable future.Remember to use clear and concise language,provide examples to support your arguments,and maintain a logical flow throughout the essay.Additionally,consider using persuasive techniques to encourage readers to take action and contribute to environmental protection efforts.。
环境与发展英语作文
环境与发展英语作文Environment and development are two closely related aspects of our world today. The environment, with its natural resources and ecosystems, provides the foundation for all human development. Without a healthy environment, sustainable development is not possible.The impact of human activities on the environment has become increasingly evident in recent years. Deforestation, pollution, and climate change are just a few examples of the ways in which human actions have negatively affected the environment. As a result, sustainable development has become a major focus for governments, organizations, and individuals around the world.In order to achieve sustainable development, it is essential to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection. This requires the implementation of policies and practices that promote the responsible use of natural resources and the reduction of environmentalpollution. It also involves finding innovative solutions to environmental challenges, such as the development of renewable energy sources and the promotion of sustainable agriculture.Education and awareness play a crucial role in promoting environmental protection and sustainable development. By educating people about the importance of the environment and the impact of their actions, we can empower individuals to make informed choices that benefit both the environment and the economy. Additionally, raising awareness about environmental issues can lead to greater public support for policies and initiatives aimed at protecting the environment.In conclusion, the relationship between the environment and development is a complex and dynamic one. It requires a concerted effort from all sectors of society to ensure that development is sustainable and does not come at the expense of the environment. By working together to protect the environment and promote sustainable development, we can create a better future for generations to come.。
环境和发展的英语作文
环境和发展的英语作文In the modern era, the twin challenges of environmental conservation and economic development have become increasingly intertwined. As nations strive to improve the quality of life for their citizens, they often face the dilemma of how to grow their economies without causing irreversible damage to the natural world. This essay will explore the complex relationship between environment and development, and discuss the strategies that can lead to a sustainable future.Firstly, it is essential to acknowledge the importance of environmental sustainability in the context of development. The environment provides the natural resources that are the bedrock of any economy. From the air we breathe to the water we drink, and the raw materials that fuel industrial processes, a healthy environment is indispensable for human well-being and economic prosperity. However, the pursuit of development has often come at the cost of environmental degradation, leading to issues such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change.To strike a balance, there is a growing emphasis on sustainable development, which aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This involves adopting practices that minimize negative environmental impacts while still allowing for economic growth. For instance, renewableenergy sources like solar and wind power are being harnessed to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, which are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.Moreover, the concept of the circular economy has emerged as a promising approach to sustainable development. It focuses on reusing and recycling resources to minimize waste and the depletion of natural resources. This shift from a linear'take-make-dispose' model to a circular one can significantly reduce the environmental footprint of economic activities.Another critical aspect of balancing environment and development is the role of policy and regulation. Governments play a pivotal role in setting standards and enforcing laws that protect the environment while encouraging economic progress. This includes implementing carbon taxes, providing incentives for green technologies, and establishing protected areas for biodiversity conservation.Education and public awareness are also key components in achieving this balance. By informing citizens about the importance of environmental stewardship and the benefits of sustainable practices, societies can foster a culture of responsibility towards the environment. This, in turn, can lead to a groundswell of support for policies and initiatives that protect the environment while pursuing development.In conclusion, the balance between environment and development is a delicate and complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach. It involves technological innovation, policy reform, and a change in societal attitudes. Byembracing sustainable development, we can work towards afuture where economic prosperity and environmental health go hand in hand, ensuring a better world for generations to come.。
振奋人心的发展英语作文
振奋人心的发展英语作文Exciting Developments in English Learning。
1. Online Learning: With the advent of technology, learning English has become more accessible than ever. Online platforms offer a wide range of interactive courses, allowing learners to study at their own pace. Videos, quizzes, and virtual classrooms make the learning process engaging and enjoyable.2. Immersion Programs: Many schools now offer immersion programs, where students are fully immersed in the English language and culture. This approach helps learners develop fluency and confidence by using English in real-life situations. Students can participate in activities such as drama, debates, and cultural exchanges.3. Language Exchanges: Language exchange programs connect English learners with native speakers, providing an opportunity for authentic conversations. Through theseexchanges, learners can improve their pronunciation, vocabulary, and cultural understanding. It's a great way to make friends from different parts of the world.4. Language Apps: Mobile apps have revolutionized language learning. Apps like Duolingo and Rosetta Stone offer bite-sized lessons and interactive exercises, making learning English convenient and fun. These apps also provide personalized feedback, helping learners track their progress and identify areas for improvement.5. Language Competitions: English language competitions have gained popularity worldwide. These competitions motivate learners to improve their skills and showcasetheir language abilities. Participants engage in tasks such as public speaking, writing essays, and solving puzzles, fostering healthy competition and encouraging continuous learning.6. English in the Workplace: English has become the global language of business. Many companies now require employees to have strong English skills. This demand hasled to the development of specialized English courses for professionals. These courses focus on business communication, negotiation skills, and industry-specific vocabulary.7. Study Abroad Programs: Studying abroad is an excellent way to immerse oneself in the English language and culture. Many universities offer exchange programs, allowing students to spend a semester or a year in an English-speaking country. This experience not only improves language skills but also broadens cultural horizons.8. English for Specific Purposes: English is no longer limited to general communication. There are now specialized English courses for specific industries such as medicine, engineering, and tourism. These courses provide learners with the necessary language skills and knowledge to excelin their chosen field.9. English Language Certifications: Recognized certifications such as TOEFL and IELTS have becomeessential for academic and professional opportunities.These certifications validate a person's Englishproficiency and are widely accepted by universities and employers worldwide. Preparation courses and resources are readily available to help learners achieve their desired scores.10. English Language Communities: Online communitiesand forums have created spaces for English learners to connect, share resources, and practice their languageskills. These communities provide support and encouragement, creating a sense of belonging and motivation to continue learning.In conclusion, the field of English learning has witnessed exciting developments in recent years. Fromonline platforms and language apps to immersion programsand study abroad opportunities, learners now have more options than ever to improve their English skills. These developments have made English learning more accessible, engaging, and effective.。
发展和环境的英语作文模板
发展和环境的英语作文模板Title: Development and Environment。
Introduction。
The relationship between development and the environment has been a topic of great concern in recent years. As the world continues to develop and grow, it is important to consider the impact that this growth has on the environment. In this essay, we will explore the relationship between development and the environment, and discuss the ways in which we can ensure that development is sustainable and does not harm the environment.The Impact of Development on the Environment。
Development, in the form of industrialization, urbanization, and infrastructure construction, has had a significant impact on the environment. The burning of fossil fuels for energy has led to air and water pollution, deforestation has destroyed natural habitats and contributed to climate change, and the construction of roads and buildings has disrupted ecosystems and natural landscapes. These impacts have led to a loss of biodiversity, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and a degradation of natural resources.Sustainable Development。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
You might find this additional information useful...13 articles, 10 of which you can access free at:This article cites/cgi/content/full/92/4/1969#BIBL 1 other HighWire hosted article:This article has been cited by[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract], May 1, 2006; 95 (5): 2856-2865. J Neurophysiol Y. M. Chino E. Sakai, H. Bi, I. Maruko, B. Zhang, J. Zheng, J. Wensveen, R. S. Harwerth, E. L. Smith III andForm Deprivation Cortical Effects of Brief Daily Periods of Unrestricted Vision During Early Monocular on the following topics:/lists/artbytopic.dtl can be found at Medline items on this article's topics Psychology .. Visual SystemMedicine .. Research Personnel Physiology .. Photoreception Veterinary Science .. Visual Cortex Psychology .. Visual Processing Psychology .. Visual Perception including high-resolution figures, can be found at:Updated information and services/cgi/content/full/92/4/1969 can be found at:Journal of Neurophysiology about Additional material and information /publications/jn This information is current as of April 16, 2008 . /.American Physiological Society. ISSN: 0022-3077, ESSN: 1522-1598. Visit our website at (monthly) by the American Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20814-3991. Copyright © 2005 by the publishes original articles on the function of the nervous system. It is published 12 times a year Journal of Neurophysiology on April 16, 2008 Downloaded fromEditorial Focus Complete Restoration of Visual Cortical Responses is Possible Late inDevelopment.Focus on “Recovery of Cortical Binocularity and Orientation Selectivity After the Critical Period for Ocular Dominance Plasticity”Leo M.ChalupaDepartment of Ophthalmology,School of Medicine and Section of Neurobiology,Physiology and Behavior,Division of Biological Sciences,University of California,Davis,California 95616This story began about 40years ago when Wiesel and Hubel (1963,1965)first reported that closing one eye early in devel-opment (by monocular lid suturing)produced devastating con-sequences later in life on the ability of the deprived eye to activate cells in the visual cortex.In the intervening decades,a voluminous literature that continues largely unabated to this day has dealt with virtually every conceivable aspect of how this simple manipulation can impact the developing visual system (Chapman 2004).One of the factors that made this phenomenon so intriguing is the ability to define a relatively clear-cut developmental period during which the visual system is susceptible to monocular deprivation.Such studies have provided a compelling case for critical periods during early brain development.While most effort in this field has focused on the consequences of monocular deprivation,the prospect of recovery of function after a period of early monocular depri-vation has also been of considerable interest,driven in no small measure by the clinical implications of such studies.It has been generally assumed that substantial recovery of function can occur,provided that the deprived eye is opened during the critical period.This has led to the tacit assumption that the factors underlying the plasticity of the developing visual sys-tem,as defined by the consequences of early monocular depri-vation,and the recovery process could be regulated by related,if not entirely equivalent,cellular and molecular mechanisms.In this issue,Liao et al.(p.2113–2121)offer compelling evidence challenging this prevalent viewpoint.These investi-gators examined two key properties of the visual cortex:binocularity and orientation specificity in ferrets that were allowed to recover from different periods of monocular depri-vation.In ferrets,the critical period,during which the visual system is susceptible to the effects of monocular deprivation,has been established as lasting from about 35to 70days after birth (Issa et al.1999).Liao and colleagues studied three groups of animals.One group of ferrets was monocularly deprived for a brief period of time during the peak of the critical period and then allowed normal binocular vision for a short time during the critical period before recordings were made from single neurons in the visual cortex.Within a few days,the ocular dominance profile (ability of both eyes to drive cortical cells)and the orientation selectivity of these neurons were indistinguishable from those of normal animals.This is no surprise since this result confirms the prevalent viewpoint.A second group of ferrets was deprived of patterned vision in one eye from shortly after birth until the critical period had commenced.These animals were then permitted normal vision for the remainder of the critical period.Electrophysiological recordings showed that,in this case,the deprived eye was largely incapable of driving the normal contingent of cells,and virtually all of these neurons were broadly tuned for bars of light at different orientations.Again,this result is in line with the results of earlier studies (Chapman and Stryker 1993).The third group of ferrets was monocularly deprived later in devel-opment (in comparison with the second group),with the deprivation period extending well beyond the end of the critical period.Recordings from the visual cortex of these animals yielded an unexpected outcome.Following a relatively brief period of normal vision,binocularity,and orientation selectiv-ity,the two hallmark properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex,were fully restored.These findings are important for several reasons.First,they provide evidence that the developmental events underlying the functional consequences of monocular deprivation are distinct from those regulating recovery of function.This is in line with the results of studies showing that,while CREB function is essential for ocular dominance plasticity during monocular deprivation (Mower et al.2002;Pham et al.1999),this factor is not required for recovery of visual function in visually deprived animals (Liao et al.2002).Second,the findings suggest that success of amblyopia treatment may be related to the existence of a relatively narrow and early window of normal vision prior to the onset of the amblyopia-inducing condition.Given the potential clinical significance of these results and the obvious differences between the visual system of the ferret and primate,it would now be important to carry out related work on monocularly deprived monkeys.Unlike what has been found in the ferret and other carnivores (Kind et al.2002;Olson and Freeman 1978),reopening the deprived eye during the critical period in the monkey has been reported to result in little if any recovery of function unless the nonde-prived eye is closed (Blakemore et al.1981).Third,the findings raise questions about the widely accepted Hebbian model as an explanation for the development and plasticity of neuronal circuits in the developing visual system.Since the projections of the nondeprived eye presumably dominate syn-aptic contacts in layer 4of the visual cortex,the retraction of these inputs during the recovery period at the expense of the much weaker projections of the deprived eye seems contrary to the widely accepted Hebbian model.In this respect,this study is in broad agreement with the results of other recent studies onthe formation of connections in the developing retino-geniculo-cortical system that have challenged the prevalent notion that normal patterns of activity play an essential role in this process Address reprint requests and other correspondence:L.M.Chalupa (E-mail:LMChalupa@).J Neurophysiol 92:1969–1970,2004;10.1152/jn.00497.2004.19690022-3077/04$5.00Copyright ©2004The American Physiological Society on April 16, 2008 Downloaded from(Crowley and Katz2000;Huberman et al.2003).On the other hand,the results of Liao et al.do point to some sort of role for visual activity,since recovery was only observed in the group of animals that was permitted normal visual experience prior to the period of monocular deprivation.Perhaps the normal com-petitive interactions that were allowed early in development, prior to the onset of the deprivation period,left some sort of remnant or marker that the deprived eye projections could reactivate during the subsequent recovery period.After40years of effort,we have learned a great deal about the importance of normal experience on the development and recovery of the visual system from early monocular depriva-tion.The results of Liao et al.add to this body of literature. However,these results also serve to underscore that much remains to be learned before we can offer a reasonably com-plete explanation of why monocular deprivation causes a loss of visual function and how visual experience,even after the critical period,can restore such function.R E F E R E N C E SBlakemore C,Vital-Durand F,and Garey LJ.Recovery from monocular deprivation in the monkey.Reversal of physiological effects in the visual cortex.Proc Roy Soc Lond B Biol Sci213:399–423,1981.Chapman B.The development of eye-specific segregation in the retino-geniculo-striate pathway.In:The Visual Neurosciences,edited by Chalupa LM and Werner JS.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,2004,p.108–116.Chapman B and Stryker MP.Development of orientation selectivity in ferret visual cortex and effects of deprivation.J Neurosci13:5251–5262,1993. Crowley JC and Katz LC.Early development of ocular dominance columns. Science290:1321–1324,2000.Huberman AD,Wang GY,Liets LC,Collins OA,Chapman B,and Chalupa LM.Eye-specific retinogeniculate segregation independent of normal neuronal activity.Science300:994–998,2003.Issa NP,Trachtenberg JT,Chapman B,Zahs KR,and Stryker MP.The critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the ferret’s visual cortex. J Neurosci19:6965–6978,1999.Kind PC,Mitchell DE,Ahmed B,Blakemore C,Bonhoeffer T,and Sengpiel F.Correlated binocular activity guides recovery from monocular deprivation.Nature416:430–433,2002.Liao DS,Krahe T,Prusky GT,Medina A,and Ramoa AS.Recovery of cortical binocularity and orientation selectivity after the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity.J Neurophysiol92:2113–2121,2004.Liao DS,Mower AF,Never RL,Sato-Bigbee C,and Ramoa AS.Different mechanisms for loss and recovery of binocularity in the visual cortex. J Neurosci22:9015–9023,2002.Mower AF,Liao DS,Nestler EJ,Neve RL,and Ramoa AS.cAMP/Ca2ϩresponse element-binding protein function is essential for ocular dominance plasticity.J Neurosci22:2237–2245,2002.Olson CR and Freeman RD.Monocular deprivation and recovery during sensitive period in kittens.J Neurophysiol.41:65–74,1978.Pham TA,Impey S,Storm DR,and Stryker MP.CRE-mediated gene transcription in neocortical neuronal plasticity during the developmental critical period.Neuron22:63–72,1999.Wiesel TN and Hubel DH.Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye.J Neurophysiol26:1003–1017,1963. Wiesel TN and Hubel parison of the effects of unilateral and bilateral eye closure on cortical unit responses in kittens.J Neurophysiol28: 1029–1040,1965.Editorial Focus 1970J Neurophysiol•VOL92•OCTOBER2004• on April 16, 2008 Downloaded from。