高一英语Unit 16 Scientist at work人教版知识精讲

高一英语Unit 16 Scientist at work人教版
【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容：
Unit 16 Scientist at work
（一）Goals
Talk about science and scientists
Practise giving instructions
Discuss and evaluate pros and cons
Study some rules of word formation
Learn to write an argumentative essay
（二）Words and Expressions
1. accident , incident , event , matter , affair , business
accident：指交通事故或其他意外事故。

a traffic accident incident：指引发争端或战争的事件，也指个人的事。

broder incidents
event：指国家、党派等发生的重大事件，尤指历史事件。

a historical event
matter：需要处理解决的事情，有时作“困难、麻烦”讲。

What’s the matter with his car ?
affair：指重大的事情，也指一般的事情，常用复数。

foreign affairs international affairs
business：指生意、商业的事情，也指有责任、有必要去做的事情。

We do much business with foreign companies .
2. careful
be careful about / of sth. be careful to do sth.
be careful not to do sth. be careful that …
It’s careless of sb. to do sth.
3. smell
（1）Don’t you smell gas ?
（2）He said he smelt something buring .
（3）The flowers smell sweet .
sound , taste , feel , look
4. opinion , view , advice , suggestion
opinion：指对某一事物的看法、意见、这种看法通常指依自己的观点看来是正确或可能的。

view：意见、见解、观点，侧重较广泛，重大或有关公众问题所采取的态度，语气较肯定。

advice：侧重提意见的人比对方更有经验而提出善意的劝告，或者表示向有经验的人征求意见。

suggestion：指说话人一种提议或建议。

5. voice , sound , noise
voice：嗓音，人说话或唱歌的声音，有时也指鸟叫的声音。

sound：声音，指人所能听到的任何声音。

noise：噪音，吵闹声。

eg .
（1）We could hear the children’s voices in the street .
（2）He can’t hear a sound .
（3）Don’t make any noise , children .
6. be famous for 以……而闻名
（1）Switzerland is famous for its mountains .
（2）be famous as = be known to …
（3）He’s famous I known as a great writer .
（4）He’s famous / known to everyone here .
7. all over
eg .
（1）We have friends all over the world .
（2）I’m glad it’s all over .
△all over the world = all the world over
all over the country = all the country over
all over the city = all the city over
8. name : vt
（1）Who’s going to name your baby ?
（2）name after
（3）name sb. to be / as
（4）name no names
（5）He named his daughter after his grandfather .
（6）He’s a name for bravery .
（7）by name
（8）by the name of
（9）call sb. names .
（10）make / get a name
（11）in the name of 以……的名字
（12）a boy named Tom
（13）a boy called Tom
（14）a boy by the name of Tom
（15）a boy whose name is Tom
9. 许多大量有关补语
10. charge vt
eg .
（1）He’s charging a battery .
（2）He charged us ＄10 for mending this pair of shoes .
in charge
in charge of
in the charge of
under the charge of
take charge
have charge of
free of charge
at one’s own charge
【模拟试题】
一. Multiple choice（单项选择）
1. — My father will be here tomorrow .
— Oh , I thought that he today .
A. was coming
B. is coming
C. will come
D. comes
2. How much does the car ?
A. cost
B. pay for
C. spend
D. take
3. They had to stay at home a heavy rain .
A. because
B. because of
C. as
D. since
4. Though wounded , he as if nothing had happened .
A. continue of fight
B. continued fighting
C. go on fighting
D. went on to fight
5. The book is worth twice .
A. read
B. to read
C. being read
D. reading
6. In order to complete this project on time the workers had to work .
A. day and day
B. day by day
C. day and night
D. from day to day
7. I think the repair to the computer 10
dollars .
A. worths ; At the most
B. is worth ; in the most
C. is worthy of ; at the most
D. is worth ; at most
8. Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had too much homework , but he went
.
A. at all
B. above all
C. after all
D. in all
9. You drink water that is not .
A. had better not ; boiled
B. had not better ; boil
C. had not better ; boiling
D. would not ; boiling
10. I suggest you by taking this medicine .
A. to lose weight
B. will lose weight
C. lose weight
D. are losing weight
11. The doctor advised him .
A. stop smoking
B. to stop smoking
C. stopping smoking
D. stops smoking
12. four or five students are absent today . Perhaps all of them are ill .
A. As many as
B. So many as
C. So much as
D. As much as
13. Eager to get thin , Ruth has decided to meat entirely for three years at least .
A. cut off
B. cut up
C. cut out
D. cut down
14. Dad doesn’t have to be made , he always works hard .
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
15. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water . It looks as if it .
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
二. Cloze test（完形填空）
While I was waiting to enter university , I saw in a newspaper a teaching job 1 at a school about ten miles
from where I lived . Being very short of 2 and waiting to do something 3 , I applied（申请）, 4 as I did so , that without a degree and with so 5 of teaching my chances of getting the job were 6 .
However , three days later , a letter 7 , calling me to Croydon for a 8 with the headmaster . It proved to be a 9 journey , a train to Croydon station , a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at 10 a quarter of a mile .
As a result , I arrived there , feeling 11 hot to be nervous . It was clearly the 12 himself that 13 the door . He was short and round .
“ The school , ” he said , “ is made up of one 14 of twenty four boys between seven and thirtee n . ” I should have to teach all the subjects except art , 15 he taught himself . I should have to 16 the class into 17 groups and teach them in turn at three different 18 , and I was 19 at the thought of teaching maths-a 20 at whic h I wasn’t very good at school .
Before I had time to ask about my salary , he got up to his feet , “ Now , ” he said , “ you’d better meet my wife , She is the one who really runs this school . ”
1. A. kept B. lost C. wanted D.
found
2. A. money B. time C. students D.
clothes
3. A. harmful B. useful C. funny D. secret
4. A. expecting B. whispering C. fearing D. considering
5. A. material B. experience C. means D. books
6. A. nice B. great C. slight D. helpful
7. A. arrived B. returned C. written D. received
8. A. match B. meeting C. quarrel D.
sight-seeing
9. A. difficult B. pleasant C. comfortable D. short
10. A. most B. least C. last D.
first
11. A. very B. almost C. so D. too
12. A. teacher B. headmaster C. student D. door-keeper
13. A. shut B. opened C. repaired D. kicked
14. A. group B. class C. dozen D. score
15. A. what B. that C. which D. this
16. A. connect B. join C. tear D. divide
17. A. one B. two C. three D. four
18. A. classes B. subjects C. levels D. places
19. A. excited B. disappointed C. glad D. angry
20. A. lesson B. book C. subject D. problem
三. Reading comprehension（阅读理解）
A
GERMANY-Thousands of fish believed to have been poisoned by waste or Chemicals from factories in the Rhein River have suddenly got better . They were only drunk .
Experts said that a factory making alcohol had accidentally poured some wine into the river , causing many fish to float on the surface with strange looks on their faces .
1. What had made the fish come to the top of the water ? .
A. Wine
B. Poison
C. Chemicals
D. Factory waste
2. The people who should be responsible for what happened .
A. had wanted to catch the fish
B. had been
drinking too much
C. were doing an experiment
D. didn’t mean to harm the fish
3. Why did the fish have strange looks on their faces ? They .
A. were very frightened
B. had taken something unusual
C. were a strange kind of fish
D. had stayed too long on the surface
B
Refrigeration（冷藏）is one of the most important means of keeping food from going bad . Refrigeration makes anything cold . Scientists and engineers have discovered many means of making things cold .
One way is to allow water , or another liquid , to evaporate（蒸发）. Evaporation cools a liquid which evaporates . Cold can also be produced by passing a gas through a small hole . Gases are made up of molecules（分子）. Before the molecules pass through the small hole , they are close together . They are also moving quickly . Afterwards they are further separate and moving more slowly . Because the molecules are moving slowly , the gas is cold . Slowly , the gas changes into a liquid . Liquid oxygen can be made by passing it through a small hole .
4. One way of producing cold is .
A. to allow a liquid to move slowly
B. to allow a molecule to move slowly
C. to evaporate a gas
D. to evaporate a liquid
5. Small holes are useful in refrigeration because they .
A. can allow molecules to go more quickly
B. can change gases into liquids
C. can make molecules further separate
D. can turn oxygen into a liquid
6. To keep food in a good condition , refrigeration is .
A. among the useless means
B. one of the two ways referred to
C. one of the vital（极重要的）ways in use
D. the only useful way
7. It is possible to keep food cool with a liquid if the liquid .
A. becomes liquid oxygen
B. contains slow-moving molecules
C. is turned into vapour
D. passed through
a hole
8. According to the passage , the temperature of a gas .
A. has something always to do with the molecules that make it up
B. has always something to do with the speed at which the molecules go
C. sometimes depends on how close together the molecules are
D. changes with the length of a hole through which it moves
C
New York . September 15 . During a heavy rainfall last night a bus carrying 42 passengers slipped off the road on Highway 28 , killing 36 of the passengers and the driver .
A spokesman for the Highway Patrol（巡逻队）which arrived at the scene shortly after 11:30 P.M. estimated（估计）that the accident had happened about half an hour before . The injured and the dead were sent to the nearest town of Valley View .
At the point where the accident happened the mad has a three-lane（三条行车线）highway with many curves（弯路）. Cause of the accident has not been fully found out .
9. It was very likely that the accident happened .
A. after 11:30 P.M.
B. in the city of New York
C. at or about 11:00 P.M.
D. in the town of Valley View
10. How many people died in the accident ?
A. 42
B. 37
C. 36
D. 43
11. In consideration of what caused the accident , one should pay attention to .
A. the steep cliff
B. the nearest town of Valley View
C. Highway 28
D. the road with many curves
12. The cause of the accident was .
A. that the road was too crowded
B. that there was something wrong with the road
C. the driver drank too much that day
D. not certain
D
A plane can fly over the continental（大陆的）United States from the east coast（沿海）to the Pacific Ocean on the west in about five hours ; it will take a little more than two days to travel by train from Los Angeles on the west to New York City on the east coast . That is about the time , or a little more than the time that you need to travel from Beijing to Guangdong .
If you want to see the country , you can travel in a plane or by train . But , in fact , it is best to make a country trip in a car . You can have a better look at the country that way .
The continental United States is divided into four different time zones（areas）. The Pacific Time Zone（on the west）; the Mountain Time Zone , the Central Time Zone ; the Eastern Time Zone . When it is 9:00 a. m. Pacific Standard Time in San Francisco , California , it is 10:00 a.m. Mountain Standard Time in Denver , Colorado ; 11:00 a. m. Central Standard Time in Chicago , Illinois ; 12:00 noon Eastern Standard Time in New York City . So New York City is three hours ahead of San Fran cisco and is thirteen hours behind Beijing Time , China , according to Greenwich Mean Time .（G.M.T.）
13. It is to travel by car than by plane if you want to see more of the country .
A. faster
B. easier
C. slower
D. better
14. The Pacific Ocean lies to the of the United
States .
A. east
B. west
C. south
D. north
15. There are in fact time areas in all the United States .
A. three
B. as many as four
C. more than four
D. six
四. Error correction（短文改错）
Before men knew how write , clever men could
1.
pass on his knowledge only to the people who
2.
could hear them to speak . These listeners could
3.
repeat what they heard , but on memory only .
4.
Writing changed all of this . Written knowledges
5.
still lives after the lifetime of the write .
6.
Today we can used the information and knowledge
7.
which had been gathered for thousand of years .
8.
When the people learned to write , and they
9.
began to record the stories what they had always know and liked . 10.
试题答案
一. 单项填空：
1—5 AABBD 6—10 CDCAC 11—15 BACBC
二. 完形填空：
1—5 CABCB 6—10 CABAB
11—15 DBBBC 16—20 DCCBC
三. 阅读理解：
A
1—3 ADB
B
4—8 DCCCB
C
9—12 CBDD
D
13—15 DBC
四. 短文改错：
1. how后加to
2. his改为their
3. 把to删掉
4. 把on改为by
5. 把Knowledges改为Knowledge
6. 把write改为writer
7. 把used改为use
8. 把thousand改为thousands
9. 把the删掉10. what可改为that / which。