2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：10

2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编
押题第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad as or worse than the hazards of smoking too many cigarettes. All right then, let’s pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Let’s put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer alcoholism.
But wait, we’ve already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abolished by an amendment to the Constitution (the 18th) and by a law of Congress (the Volstead Act). After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of “intoxicating liquor”. Without any more liquor, people could not drink it, and if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?
Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drink. They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders. Drinkers were lucky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition; instead people drank more alcohol than ever — often poisoned alcohol.
On December 5, 1933, they repealed prohibition by ratifying the 21st Amendment to the Constitution.
1.Which of the following was Not a characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?
2.During prohibition, illegal alcohol was（）
3.When enacting the prohibition laws, people （）
4.When enacting the prohibition laws, government officials assumed that （）
5.It can be inferred from the passage that （）
问题1选项A.There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.
B.There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.
C.Without liquor, people would not drink.
D.People wouldn’t become drunk or create a public nuisance.
问题2选项
A.sold openly
B.no longer a temptation
C.a major factor in the passage of the Volstead Act
D.brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders
问题3选项
A.lived in fear of the law
B.were willing to risk of arresting for the pleasure of liquor
C.recklessly endangered their communities
D.were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them
问题4选项
A.every American would buy alcohol illegally
B.all criminal activities would cease
C.patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcohol
D.the social threat from drunkenness would decline
问题5选项
A.the Congress was wise to repeal prohibition
B.the prohibition was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkenness
C.during prohibition, most Americans stop drinking
ws should be passed to ban the sale of alcohol beverage
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据第二段的内容可知, 选项A、C、D在本段均有提及, 只有选项B没有提及。

2.细节事实题。

根据第三段的第五句“They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders.”可知, 非法酒类是通过墨西哥及加拿大的边境走私而来的, 所以选项D符合原文。

3.细节事实题。

根据第三段的一二句“law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it.”选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。

根据第三段的最后一句“Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as
a result of prohibition；”禁酒的结果本应该是减少犯罪和酗酒。

由此推断官员推行禁酒是希望酗酒对社会的威胁会有所下降, 选项D符合原文。

5.判断推理题。

根据第三段的最后一句“people drank more alcohol than ever —often poisoned alcohol.”有了禁令之后, 人们喝得比以前更多了。

因此在1933年12月5日废除了禁令, 这一做法是明智的, 选项A正确。

2.
翻译题
在任何社会里教育总是反映这个社会的一面镜子。

通过这面镜子我们可以看到我们的实力, 我们的弱点, 我们的希望, 我们的偏见, 以及我们这个国家的主要价值观念。

过去四十年来人们对教育的重视说明了人们都强烈地感到不管每个人的个人情况如何, 都应当给与充分发展他能力的机会。

【答案】In any social community, education is always a mirror as the reflection of the society. Through this, we can have a sight of our strength, weakness, hope, prejudice and the major value of o ur country. Having passed through forty years, people’s great importance on education proves that people should provide the opportunities to develop their abilities but regardless of their personal situation.
3.
单选题
While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest（）by the local bandits.
问题1选项
A.be attacked
B.were attacked
C.are to be attacked
D.would be attacked
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

Lest是连词，意为“唯恐，以免”。

其后接的状语从句常用should+动词原形。

should 可以省略。

所以选项A正确。

句意：在翻越山区时，所有人都带着枪，以防遭到当地土匪的袭击。

4.
单选题
frightened and desert it.
问题1选项
A.should be
B.would be
C.will be
D.could be
【答案】A
【解析】考察虚拟语气。

句意：当鸟类观察者们找到一个鸟巢时, 他们会非常小心不去打扰, 以免鸟妈妈受到惊吓而遗弃它。

Lest表示“以免”,后面的虚拟语气通常用should+动词原形。

所以选项A正确。

5.
单选题
Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, the expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.
Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking.
A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.
Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people.
While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feeling.
1.Which of the following statements best summarizes this passage?
2.Which of the following statements is not true?
3.Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people?
4.How many different forms of communication are mentioned here?
5.Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally except for （）
问题1选项
A.When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication.
B.Everybody uses only one form of communication.
C.Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.
D.Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest.
问题2选项
A.There are many forms of communication in existence today.
B.Verbalization is the most common form of communication.
C.The deaf and mute use an oral form of communication.
D.Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language.
问题3选项
A.picture signs
B.Braille
C.body language
D.signal flags
问题4选项
A.5
B.7
C.9
D.11
问题5选项
A.spelling
B.ideas
C.whole words
D.expressions
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.主旨大意题。

结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲肢体语言。

一般来说, 思想和感情的表达都是以口头语言的形式进行的。

但当有语言障碍时, 交流可以通过其他形式完成, 比如肢体语言。

所以选项A 符合原文。

2.细节事实题。

根据第一段的三四句可知, 游客, 盲人和聋哑人使用的是sign language, 而不是oral form of communication。

所以选项C表述错误。

3.细节事实题。

根据原文可知Braille是一种用指尖阅读的凸点系统, 即盲文, 适合盲人使用。

所以选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。

文章中提到了oral speech、sign language, body language、Braille、signal flags, Morse code、smoke signals、road maps、picture signs这9种交际方式, 所以选项C正确。

5.细节事实题。

根据第一段的最后一句“Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.”这些完整的文字符号中有许多是非常生动和准确的, 可以在国际上使用；然而拼写不能。

所以本题选A。

6.
单选题
Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss（）the bread-winner'sdeath.
问题1选项
A.at the cost of
B.on the verge of
C.as a result of
D.for the sake of
【答案】C
【解析】at the cost of 以...为代价；on the verge of濒临于, 接近于；as a result of因此, 由于；for the sake of为了。

句意：人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障, 以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。

选项C符合句意。

7.
单选题
The remarkable（）of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.
问题1选项
A.classification
B.variety
C.density
D.diversion
【答案】B
【解析】词汇题。

variety变种, 多样, 种种；classification分类, 类别, 级别；density 稠密, 密度；diversion转移, 消遣。

根据句意，这里应该是生命的多样性。

选项B正确。

句意：加拉帕戈斯群岛上生命的显著多样性启发了查尔斯·达尔文建立了他的进化论。

8.
单选题
“On no account（）to feed the animals,” the warning can be seen on the signboard in front of every cage.
问题1选项
A.allow visitors
B.visitors are allowed
C.are visitors allowed
D.are allowed visitors
【答案】C
【解析】考査倒装。

当否定词位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即将be动词提前。

根据句意这里指参观者不被允许，所以选项C正确。

9.
单选题
Don't worry. If this does not work, there are other methods we can（）. 问题1选项
A.fall behind
B.fall out
C.fall through
D.fall back on
【答案】D
【解析】词义辨析题。

fall behind落后；fall out脱落；fall through失败；fall back on求助于。

句意：不用担心。

如果这个办法没用的话, 我们还能求助于其它办法。

10.
单选题
Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them.（1）that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still （2）in their minds. American watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U.S. history, on（3）worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as（5）to work together before everything goes to hell.
Granted, some amount of delusion is probably part of the（6）condition. In A. D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work（7）, in the same snot until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a（8）of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at （9）themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we（10）did about the dangers we face. But it turns（11）that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy isthe storm, the quake or the（13）itself. More often, it is ourselves.
So what has happened in the year that（14）the disaster on the Gulf Coast? In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls. They have got the walls to（15）they were before Katrina, more or less. That's not（16）, we can now say with confidence. But it may be all（17）can be expected from one year of hustle. Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to（18）the sick and the disabled. The city estimates that 15, 000 people will need a（19）out. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The（20）with neighboring
communities are ongoing and difficult. 问题1选项
A.To
B.By
C.On
D.For
问题2选项
A.fresh
B.obvious
C.apparent
D.evident
问题3选项
A.visual
B.vivid
C.live
D.lively
问题4选项
A.little
B.less
C.more
D.much
问题5选项
A.reluctance
B.rejection
C.denial
D.decline
问题6选项
A.natural
B.world
C.social
D.human
问题7选项
A.revising
B.refining
C.rebuilding
D.retrieving
问题8选项A.review
B.reminder
C.concept
D.prospect
问题9选项
A.preparing
B.protesting
C.protecting
D.prevailing
问题10选项
A.never
B.ever
C.then
D.before
问题11选项
A.up
B.down
C.over
D.out 问题12选项
A.merely
B.rarely
C.incidentally
D.accidentally
问题13选项
A.surge
B.spur
C.surf
D.splash
问题14选项
A.ensued
B.traced
C.followed
D.occurred
问题15选项
A.which
B.where
C.what
D.when
问题16选项
A.enough
B.certain
C.conclusive
D.final
问题17选项
A.but
B.as
C.that
D.those
问题18选项
A.exile
B.evacuate
C.dismiss
D.displace
问题19选项
A.ride
B.trail
C.path
D.track
问题20选项
A.conventions
B.notifications
munications
D.negotiations
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
第6题:D
第7题:C
第8题:A
第9题:C
第10题:B
第11题:D
第12题:B
第13题:A
第14题:C
第15题:C
第16题:A
第17题:C
第18题:B
第19题:A
第20题:D
【解析】（1）By that logic为常用搭配, 意为按照这个逻辑。

（2）根据原文可知这里应该是表示记忆犹新的意思, 只有选项A符合。

（3）live除了有生活的意思之外, 还有现场直播的意思, 符合原文文意。

visual视觉的；vivid生动活泼的；lively活泼的。

（4）worse为比较级, 前面修饰的副词只能用原级, 不能再用比较级。

首先排除选项B和C。

根据原文, 这里指会让事情变得更糟糕, much表示很, 非常, 所以选项D符合原文。

（5）reluctance指不情愿；rejection指拒绝；denial否定；decline拒绝。

根据句意：“因为人们都在装傻, 事情变得更糟糕, 除非真的死到临头了, 否则人们都会尽最大可能不合作”。

这里指不情愿合
作。

（6）结合文章内容可知，本文涉及的主体是人，所以这里应该指一些欺骗是人类的生存条件的一部分。

（7）revising 指修订；refining 指提炼；rebuilding 重建；retrieving 指重新得到。

地震之后需要重建, 选项C符合句意。

（8）review指回顾；reminder指提醒,暗示；concept指概念,prospect指希望。

根据原文, 这里指回顾过去一年灾难性的历史。

（9）protect sb. from sth为固定搭配, 指保护某人免受某事。

prepare准备；protest抗议；prevail 流行, 成功。

（10）根据句意：我们比以前更了解我们面临的危险。

then、never不符合文意, 而before做副词时一般放在句末或后面跟名词。

（11）turn out that/ turn out to be sth.指结果是, 符合原文；turn up出现；turn down拒绝；turn over反复考虑。

（12）merely仅仅,只不过；rarely很少；incidentally和accidentally意思都是偶然地。

根据原文“我们的敌人常常不是灾难, 而是自己”。

选项B符合原文。

（13）surge汹涌澎湃, 巨浪, 急速上升；spur刺激；穿刺；surf海浪；冲浪；splash溅。

只有surge 可与暴风雨, 地震等并列为自然灾害。

选项A正确。

（14）根据原文：紧接着墨西哥湾岸区的灾祸之后, 又发生了什么？ ensue指……接着发生, 是不及物动词, 后面需要接from；occur发生；trace追踪。

选项C符合原文。

（15）根据句意：他们把防洪墙重建成卡特里那飓风之前那样。

What在这里引导名词性从句做宾语“防洪墙”的补语。

（16）根据原文, 但是这还不够, 为习惯用法。

（17）考查定语从句。

all为先行词, that为关系代词指代all。

（18）exile指流放；evacuate指撤离；dismiss指解散；displace指使...无家可归。

这里指“撤走那些伤残人员”。

选项B符合文意。

（19）根据上文提到用火车, 大巴撤离灾民, 这里ride与bus和train对应, 表示“搭乘”的意思。

（20）根据原文：与邻近社区的协商正在艰难地进行当中。

选项D符合原文。

11.
单选题
He rushed into the house and saved the boy out,（）the intense fire.
问题1选项
A.irrespective of
B.instead of
C.in front of
D.in case of
【答案】A
【解析】词组辨析题。

irrespective of不顾；instead of代替；in front of在…前面；in case of假如。

句意：他不顾大火, 冲进屋里把男孩救了出来。

选项A符合句意。

12.
单选题
The new radio direction-finding device could（）a transmission with a remarkable speed.
问题1选项
A.carry off
B.bend to
C.shrug off
tch onto
【答案】A
【解析】词组辨祈题。

carry off携带，成功地处理；bend to屈从于；shrug off摆脱，不屑理睬；latch onto锁上。

句意：这种新的无线电测向装置能以惊人的速度进行传输。

选项A符合句意。

13.
单选题
Although there was a lot more to say, Stephen（）from further questions.
问题1选项A.strained
B.refrained
C.resisted
D.retreated
【答案】D
【解析】词义辨析题。

strained拉紧；refrained节制, 克制；resist抵抗, 一般与介词to搭配；retreated避开, 撤退。

句意：尽管还有很多可以说的, 但斯蒂芬没有进一步回答更多的问题。

选项D 符合句意。

14.
单选题
John would have paid（）for the jacket had the salesman insisted because he really loved its color and style.
问题1选项
A.twice as much
B.two times more
C.much as twice
D.as much twice
【答案】A
【解析】考查倍数的表达。

倍数+as+形容词/副词+as, 这里实际上省略了第二个as及其后面的内容, 只有选项A为正确的倍数表达方式。

15.
单选题
If you drive a motorcar to the danger of the public, you may make yourself（）a heavy fine.
问题1选项
A.liable to
B.acquainted with
C.alert to
D.relevant to
【答案】A
【解析】liable to容易；acquainted with熟悉, 了解, 与...相识；alert to警告；relevant to 与...有关的, 相应的。

句意：如果你驾驶一辆汽车对大众造成了危害, 你有可能会受到重罚。

选项A 符合句意。