高三语法复习定语从句(学生版)

高三语法复习
第3讲定语从句
定语从句
01.结构：先行词+关系代词/关系副词+从句
先行词一般为名词，代词，人称代词或者上文中的一件事情
关系代词：that,which ,who, whom, as ,whose
关系副词：when ,where ,why
02做题方法
1)先找到从句，从句的未知大致有两种
主谓/系宾/ 表（宾，表为现行词）关系代词/关系副词+从句
I never forget the day when we first met in the campus.
主（主语为先行词）+关系代词/关系副词+从句+ 谓/系宾/ 表
The man that I talked to in the elevator is my professor in the college.
2)分析从句的成分，通过句子成分分析
从句中缺主语，宾语，标语，选择that，which，who, whom,as ,
从句中缺定语，选择whose（先行词与从句中名词构成所属关系）
从句中缺状语，选择when，where ,why.
3)根据先行词，判断关系词的选择。

1.Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.
2.Do you know the boy(whom) we met at the gate?
3.The exact year(which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
4.She is the pop star(that/who/whom) I want to see very much.
Among the many dangers(which/that) sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.
5.The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
6.It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.
7.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.
8.Students should involve themselves in community activities where/in which they can gain experience for growth.
9.Tell me the reason why/for which you came late.
03关系词的用法
1）必须用关系代词that的情况
1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。

We should do all that is useful to the people.
2.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰时。

This is the last place that I want to visit.
3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

This is the best novel that I have ever read.
4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。

This is the third dictionary that I have used.
5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。

We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.
6.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。

Who is the man that is standing under the tree?
2）不用that的情况
不能用关系代词that的情况
1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的whom。

2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。

3）只用as的情况
（1）引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,the same,so,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。

(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。

The number of smokers,as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
4）as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.位置不同。

which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as引导的定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说as从句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。

2.先行词不同。

as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

3.意义不同。

as一般译为“正如,就像”;which一般译为“这一点,这件事”。

注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:
①as anybody can see正如大家所看到的那样
②as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样
③as often happens正如经常发生的那样
④as has been said before如之前所述
⑤as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的那样
5）介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句
1.考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。

Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
2.考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯。

He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.
3.考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。

I am looking for my glasses,without which I can’t watch TV clearly.
4.考查表示所属关系的of which/whom。

She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years.
注意:the+n.+of which(whom)可与whose+n.互换。

5.考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom。

The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by the angry crowd.
6.考查表示同位关系的of which/whom。

She brought with her three friends,none of whom I had ever met before.
【点津】选择介词的3个原则:
①根据句子意思表达的需要;
②根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯;
③根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。

6）特殊用法
1.where
where的先行词是可抽象的一般名词：family,job,work,situation,case,condition,point,stage,atmosphere,
2.interval/occasion后面的定语从句用when.
3.whose= the n + of which / whom
The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
The books on the desk,the covers of which are shiny,are prizes for us.
4.the way +that / in which/ 不填
I’d like the way you talk to your parents.
5定语从句的主谓一致
He is one of the man who win the prize in the competition.
He is the only one of the man who wins the prize in the competition.
Exercises 1
1.The man waiting for the interview is the same man ______I talked to in the elevator.Look!He is wearing the same hat _______I’m wearing now.
A.that; as
B.as; the
C.as; which
D.who; as
2.—Do you like the weekly program Readers on CCTV?
—Sure.It’s a great TV program _______can develop the habit of reading.
A.who
B.that
C.what
D.whose
3.It is the only one of the most exciting movies _______been shown this year.
A.that has
B.that have
C.which has
D.which have
4.I forgot the website _______I intended to add to my favorite.It can help me learn how to write English compositions.
A.which
B.where
C.when
D.on which
5.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _______can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
A.who
B.which
C.what
D.that
6.A lot of language learning, _______has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A.what
B.that
C.where
D.as
7.John invited about 40 people to his wedding ceremony, _______made his family members excited.
A.where
B.them
C.which
D.whom
8.What Chinese lawmakers begin to consider is a proposed revision to the country’s Food Safety Law, _______includes mandatory(强制性) labeling of GM food.
A.one
B.the one which
C.one that
D.the one that
9._______ is often the case, a small child will feel unhappy and cry a lot the first time he or she goes to kindergarten.
A.As
B.Which
C.That
D.What
10.(2024·天津南开区模拟)Last summer I stayed at a fantastic hotel _______facilities are brilliant.
A.that
B.who
C.which
D.whose
Exercises2
1.We all Chinese people are called on to learn from Lei Feng, _______we think has set a good example to all of us.
A.whose
B.who
C.that
D.whom
2.(2024·深圳模拟)She is just the girl, with _______my brother came to visit me last month.
A.whom
B.her
C.that
D.who
3.(2024·天津模拟)High Speed Railway_______ speed can reach about 400 km/h greatly benefits whoever takes it.
A.whose
B.that
C.when
D.where
4.(2024·天津河东区模拟)The boss ______company my father worked is a kind-hearted person.
A.in which
B.in whose
C.in whom
D.in where
5.(2024·天津模拟)The digital age also enables us to find people _______share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing computer games.
A.which
B.what
C.who
D.whose
6.My eldest son, _______work takes him all over the world, is in New Y ork at the moment.
A.that
B.whose
C.his
D.who
7.When Hank sang a sad song, those _______listened knew that it was something about his bitter childhood.
A.that
B.which
C.who
D.whom
8.Her sister, _______you met at my home, was a teacher of English.
A.whom
B.that
C.which
D.what
9.Those _______achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off.
A.what
B.who
C.which
D.whom
10.(2024·天津河东区模拟)We live in an age _______more information is available with great ease than ever before.
A.why
B.when
C.to whom
D.on which
Exercises3
1.I don’t know the reason _______he left without saying anything.
A.when
B.where
C.why
D.which
2.Have you ever dreamed of singing in front of an audience of thousands at a concert,_______ everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?
A.who
B.that
C.which
D.where
3.(2024·天津河东区模拟)One reason _______Hollywood is a natural place for making movies is that the sun shines there most of the time.
A.which
B.what
C.when
D.why
4.(2024·天津和平区模拟)I know I’ve put my passport in a place _______I thought it would be safe,but now I can’t remember it.
A.which
B.that
C.where
D.what
5.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _______I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
A.when
B.where
C.which
D.why
6.(2024·天津河西区模拟)Rock climbing is an exciting game,_______ skills as well as courage play an important role.
A.which
B.as
C.whose
D.where
7.In the spring, a season _______we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world.
A.when
B.where
C.what
D.which
8.(2023·天津河北区模拟) Cheer up! Everyone may have periods in their lives
_______everything seems tough.
A.which
B.where
C.when
D.that
9.(2023·天津高考)Kenny still remembers the class discussion _______the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up.
A.why
B.which
C.that
D.where
10..In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person, _______she could turn for help.
A.to whom
B.whom
C.to which
D.which
题组训练1
1.(2024·天津河北区模拟)Football is a very popular sport, _______many people like to compete.
A.at which
B.for which
C.in which
D.with which
2.(2024·天津耀华中学模拟)The house _______I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A.in that
B.in which
C.in
D.in it
3.(2024·天津河东区模拟)Gun control is a subject _______Americans have argued for a long time.
A.of which
B.with which
C.about which
D.into which
4.(2024·天津河北区模拟)The Amazon River,_______ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
A.along which
B.of which
C.from which
D.to which
5.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______they can talk frequently.
A.who
B.about which
C.as
D.with whom
6.(2024·天津和平区模拟)Most of the characters in Aesop’s stories are animals,the qualities
_______Aesop used to reflect human traits and wisdom.
A.of which
B.with which
C.from whom
D.of whom
7.The artist _______the judge gave a prize is the teacher_______ I have been taught for three years.
A.to whom; who
B.from who; who
C.to whom; by whom
D.from whom; by whom
8.(2022·天津新高考)Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, _______routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A.for which
B.with which
C.for whom
D.with whom
9.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _______we can learn without repeating them.
A.from which
B.in which
C.with whom
D.for whom
10.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _______artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
A.where
B.which
C.that
D.when
题组训练2
1.(2023·天津南开区模拟)They arrived at the border between Kenya and Tanzania at 2 pm, _______lies a national nature reserve.
A.what
B.which
C.where
D.when
2.(2023·天津南开区模拟)By 17:20, _______was close to the closing time, all the fresh fruit had been sold out.
A.when
B.which
C.what
D.that
3.(2023·天津和平区模拟)Students will encounter many challenges in the universities for the first year,_______ getting used to a new environment quickly comes to be the most important one.
A.of which
B.for which
C.to which
D.by which
4.Because of health problems, Peter cannot continue to work at the same full pace _______he has done up to now.
A.as
B.which
C.when
D.where
5.(2024·天津红桥区模拟)An interviewee should be good at grasping every opportunity _______he is supposed to show his best self to others.
A.why
B.where
C.that
D.which
6.(2023·天津耀华中学模拟)The Song Dynasty was an exciting period in Chinese history, at the height of _______power the country’s population doubled.
A.which
B.whose
C.where
D.when
7.Don’t talk about such things ____you are not sure of, _____is what you should keep in mind.
A.as;which
B.as;that
C.that;as
D.what;where。