2021-2022学年高中英语人教版必修五教学案：Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Word版含答案

Newspapers
•The printed newspaper first appeared in 1450 in Europe.
•The daily was published for the first time in 1650.
•News of Frankfort (《法兰克福新闻》) published in 1615 is regarded as the first “real newspaper”.
•Wai zhong xin bao (《外中新报》) was the first published Chinese newspaper in 1858. It was established in Hong Kong.
TV
John Logie Baird, the Scottish inventor, obtained the world's first real television picture in his laboratory in October, 1925, and showed it to the British public on January 26, 1926. He is remembered as the father of mechanical (机械式) television.
Websites
•The story of the Internet begins in the late 1950s. The Pentagon set up a research team in 1958 to create a computer network to operate during disasters like a nuclear war.
•In 1985, the National Science Foundation created a network which provided a free national service to any U．S. research and education institution. All those networks finally joined the Pentagon's network to form the Internet.
•In the 1990s, anyone with a computer, a modern, and Internet software could link up to the Internet.
Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
[原文呈现]
MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT①
“Unforgettable②”，says new journalist③
Never will Zhou Yang (ZY)forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life④as a journalist.
HX：Welcome.We're delighted⑤you're coming⑥to work with us.Y our first job here will be an assistant⑦journalist. Do you have any questions?
ZY：Can I go out on⑧a story immediately?
HX：(laughing) That's admirable⑨，but I'm afraid it would be unusual⑩！Wait till you're more experienced.First we'll put you as⑪an assistant to an experienced ter you can cover⑫a story and submit⑬the article yourself.
ZY：Wonderful.What do I need to take with me？I already have a notebook and camera.
[读文清障]
①assignment[ə'saInmənt]n．任务；安排
②unforgettable[ˌʌnfə'ɡetəbl]adj.难忘的；永久记得的
③journalist['dʒɜːnəlIst]n．记者；新闻工作者
④was to do sth.在此处表示“必将/注定做某事”。

⑤delighted[dI'laItId]adj.欢快的；欣喜的
be delighted (that) ...对……感到兴奋
⑥are coming为现在进行时，表示将来。

⑦assistant[ə'sIstənt]n．助手；助理；售货员
⑧on prep.在从事……；处于……状况中
⑨admirable['ædmərəbl]adj.值得赞扬的；令人鄙视的
⑩unusual[ʌn'juːʒʊəl]adj.不同寻常的；独特的
⑪put ... as ...把……视为/列为……
⑫cover v t.采访；报道；掩盖
⑬submit[səb'mIt]v t.递交；呈递(文件等)(常与to连用)
我的第一项工作任务“难以遗忘”，新记者说
[以上部分译文]
周阳永久不会遗忘他在一家很受欢迎的英语报社的第一项工作任务。

他同新上司胡新的争辩对他的记者生涯必将产生重大的影响。

胡：欢迎你。

格外兴奋你来和我们一起工作。

你在这里首先是当助理记者。

有什么问题吗？
周：我可以马上外出采访吗？
胡：(笑)值得表扬，但是生怕这样就不太合乎常规了！等到你比较有阅历以后才行。

首先我们要派你给有阅历的记者做助手。

以后你就可以自己采访新闻，提交新闻稿了。

周：太棒了。

我需要带什么？我已经有一个笔记本和一部相机了。

HX：No need for a camera. You'll have a professional⑭photographer⑮with you to take photographs⑯. You'll find your colleagues⑰very eager⑱to assist⑲you, so you may be able to concentrate on⑳photography○21later if you're interested.
ZY：Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography，but I took an amateur○22course○23at university to update○24my skills○25.
HX：Good.
ZY：What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?
HX：You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire○26all the information you need to know○27.We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for○28 a story.That means you must be able to assess○29when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform○30themselves of the missing parts of the story.
⑭professional[prə'feʃənl]adj.专业的；职业的n．专业人员，profession [prə'feʃn]n．职业；专业
⑮photographer [fə'tɒɡrəfə]n．摄影师
⑯photograph['fəʊtəɡrɑːf]n．照片v t.给……照相
⑰colleague['kɒliːɡ]n．同事
⑱eager['iːɡə]adj.渴望的；热切的
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
⑲assist[ə'sIst]v t.挂念；帮忙；救济
⑳concentrate['kɒnsəntreIt] on集中；全神贯注于
○21photography [fə'tɒɡrəfI]n．摄影
○22amateur['æmətə]n．业余爱好者
○23course n．[C]课程；进程；过程
○24update [ˌʌp'deIt]v t.更新；使现代化
○25Not only＋部分倒装句，but (also)＋陈述语序。

○26acquire[ə'kwaIə]v t.获得；取得；学到
○27only＋if/when引导的状语从句置于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序。

○28have a good “nose” for对……有敏锐的“嗅觉”
○29assess[ə'ses]v t.评估；评定(＝judge)
○30inform[In'fɔːm]v t.告知；通知
inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事
[以上部分译文]
胡：不需要相机。

你将带上一名专业摄影师去拍照。

你将发觉你的同事们会很热忱地挂念你，因此假如你对摄影感爱好，或许以后你可以集中精力去争辩它。

周：感谢你。

对摄影我不仅只是感爱好，在高校里我还选修过业余摄影课来更新我的摄影技术。

胡：很好。

周：我外出采访时还需要记住些什么呢？
胡：你需要保持古怪心。

只有提很多不同的问题，你才能获得你需要的信息。

我们说，一个好的记者必需对新闻有格外敏锐的“嗅觉”。

那就是说，在人们还没有说出全部真相之前，记者就要能够作出推断，并力求发觉真相。

他们必需通过调查争辩来获悉被遗漏的那部分状况。

ZY：What should I keep in mind○31？
HX：Here comes my list of dos and don'ts：don't miss your deadline○32，don't be rude, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee○33carefully.
ZY：Why is listening so important?
HX：Well，you have to listen for detailed○34facts.Meanwhile○35you have to prepare the next question depending on ○36what the person says○37.
ZY：But how can I listen carefully while taking notes○38？
HX：This is a trick of the trade○39. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight○40. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge○41you.You have the evidence to support your story.
ZY：I see！Have you ever had a case○42where someone accused your journalists of○43getting the wrong end of the stick○44？
○31keep (sth.) in mind记住(某事)，句中what为keep的宾语。

○32deadline['dedlaIn]n．最终期限
○33interviewee [ˌIntəvjuː'iː]n．参与面试者；接受采访者
interviewer n．面试者；采访者
○34detailed adj.具体的；细致的；精细的
○35meanwhile['miːnwaIl]ad v.其间；同时
○36depend on依靠；依靠，此处用现在分词短语作状语。

○37what the person says为宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。

○38take notes做记录；记笔记
○39a trick of the trade行业诀窍，trade此处意为“行业，职业”。

○40get the facts straight澄清是非；把事实弄得精确无误
○41challenge v t.对……提出质疑；挑战
○42case[keIs]n．状况；病例；案例
○43accuse ... of因……指责或控告……
accuse[ə'kjuːz]v t.指责；责怪；控告
○44get the wrong end of the stick完全误会；弄错
[以上部分译文]
周：我还要留意些什么呢？
胡：下面是我的行为准则：不要超过最终期限，不行对人粗鲁，不行自己说得太多，务必认真倾听被采访人的回答。

周：为什么倾听这么重要呢？
胡：你得听清楚事实的细节。

同时，你还要依据被采访人所说的话预备提出下一个问题。

周：但是我在做记录的同时如何认真倾听呢？
胡：这就是我们职业的诀窍了。

假如被采访人允许，你可以使用录音机录下全部事实。

假如有人提出质疑，这也有用。

你就有证据来支持你的报道。

周：我明白了！你有没有遇到过这种状况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？
HX：Yes, but it was a long time ago.This is how the story goes○45. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately○46not scoring goals○47so as to○48let the other team win.We went to interview him. He
denied○49taking money but we were sceptical○50. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was not telling the truth.So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty○51.It was a dilemma○52because the footballer could have demanded○53damages if we were wrong.He tried to stop us publishing○54it but later we were proved right○55.
ZY：Wow！That was a real “scoop○56”．I'm looking forward to my first assignment now.Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!
HX：Perhaps you will.You never know.
○45go v i.流传；表达；进展
○46deliberately[dI'lIbərətlI]ad v.有意地
○47score goals进球
○48so as to (do sth.)为了做……，作目的状语。

○49deny [dI'naI]v t.否认；拒绝
○50sceptical['skeptIkl]adj.怀疑的(美skeptical)
○51guilty['ɡIltI]adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的
○52dilemma[dI'lemə]n．(进退两难的)逆境；窘境
○53demand[dI'mɑːnd]n．需求；要求v t.猛烈要求
○54publish['pʌblIʃ]v t.出版；发行；发表；公布
○55prove sb. (to be) ＋adj./n.证明某人……
○56scoop [skuːp]n．抢先获得的新闻、利润等；勺子；铲子[以上部分译文]
胡：有，不过这是很久以前的事了。

事情是这样的：一位足球运动员被指控受贿，有意不进球，好让别的队赢球。

我们去采访了他。

他否认受贿，但我们很怀疑。

因此我们为足球运动员和那个被认为行贿的人支配了一场采访。

当我们观察他们在一起时，从足球运动员的身体语言我们猜出他没有说出真相。

所以我们写了一篇文章示意他曾受贿。

这陷入了一个窘境，由于假如我们错了，这位足球运动员就可以向我们索要赔偿。

他试图阻挡我们公布该消息，但后来我们被证明是对的。

周：哇！那真是独家新闻。

我现在期望得到第一个任务。

或许我也能找到独家新闻！
胡：你或许会。

谁知道呢。

Pre-reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．delighted A．help someone
2．admirable B．strange; not happening often
3．unusual C．give a plan, piece of writing etc.to someone in authority for them to consider or
approve
4．assist D．worthy of admiration
5．submit E．very pleased; happy
6．profession F．wanting very much to do something
7．eager G．decide or fix the value of (sth.)
8．update H．gain sth.by your own efforts, ability or behaviour
9．acquire I．a job; an occupation which needs special training
10．assess J．bring sth.up to date; modernize
11．inform K．feeling ashamed
12．meanwhile L．say strongly that you must have sth.
13．guilty M．give information or knowledge to
14．demand N．at the same time
1～5________6～10________11～14________
答案：1～5EDBAC6～10IFJHG11～14MNKL
Lead-in
How do you know what is happening around us or even abroad?
While-reading
Fast-reading
1．What is the purpose of the writer to write the passage?
To show us the necessary skills to become a good reporter.
2．Match each section with their main meanings according to the duties of a journalist.
①Section 1A．to protect a story from accusations
②Section 2 B．to get an accurate story
③Section 3 C．to work in a team
①________②________③________
答案：①C②B③A
Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．Which one is FALSE about “what a reporter needs to remember when going out to cover a story？”A．He needs to be curious.
B．A good reporter must have a camera.
C．He has to listen to the detailed facts.
D．If necessary he can use a recorder.
2．“A good reporter must have a ‘nose’ for a story.”probably means a reporter ________.
A．has a sense about what is going to happen
B．is able to hide a story that may reflect badly on him
C．is able to ask the truth from the one who is interviewed
D．covers a whole story from the interviewee
3．According to Hu Xin, which statement doesn't belong to the list of don'ts?
A．Don't miss the deadline.
B．Don't talk too much.
C．Don't be rude.
D．Don't take any notes while listening.
4．Why can not Zhou Yang go out on a story at once?
A．Because he is not experienced yet.
B．Because he can't get a scoop.
C．Because he is not curious enough.
D．Because he doesn't know the list of dos and don'ts.
答案：1～4BADA
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Suppose you were to be a journalist for ChinaDaily, do you know what kinds of jobs they have?
[句式分析]这是一个主从复合句。

Suppose you were to be a journalist for ChinaDaily实际是一个条件状语从句，并接受与现在事实相反的虚拟语气；后面的do you know ...是主句。

[尝试翻译]假设你要成为一名《中国日报》的记者，你知道他们有哪些工种吗？
2．You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you're interested.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]你将发觉你的同事们会很热忱地挂念你。

因此假如你对摄影感爱好，或许以后你可以集中精力去争辩它。

3．Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.
[句式分析]本句中not only ...but (also) ...连接两个并列分句，且not only 后的分句接受了部分倒装结构。

[尝试翻译]对摄影我不仅只是感爱好，在高校里我还选修过业余摄影课来更新我的摄影技术。

4．Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.
[句式分析]本句是倒装句，其正常语序是Y ou will acquire all the information you need to know only if you ask many different questions.。

[尝试翻译]只有提很多不同的问题，你才能获得你需要的信息。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The first newspapers were written by hand and put up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC. In the 700s the world's first printed newspaper was published. Europe didn't have a regularly published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany.
The first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam in 1620. In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily English newspaper was the DailyCourant (《每日新闻》). It came out in March, 1702.
In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704, John Campbell started TheBostonNe w sletter (《波士顿新闻通讯》), the first newspaper published in the American colonies. By 1760, the colonies had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1,800 daily papers in the United States.
Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation (发行量) in the world. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper YomiuriShimbun (《读卖新闻》). It sells more than 10 million copies every day.
语篇解读：本文主要叙述了报纸的进展史。

1．The first regularly published newspaper in Europe was printed in ________.
A．England B．Germany
C．France D．Sweden
解析：选B细节理解题。

由第一段最终一句“Europe didn't have a regularly published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany.”可推知答案。

2．The first printed newspaper in America came out in ________.
A．Washington B．New Y ork
C．Boston D．New Orleans
解析：选C细节理解题。

由第三段第一句“In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston.”可知选C。

3．Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam.
B．English language newspapers sell more than 10 million copies every day.
C．Europe didn't have a regularly published newspaper in 1608.
D．The first daily English newspaper came out in March, 1702.
解析：选B细节理解题。

由最终一段可知，日本的《读卖新闻》发行量每天超过10 000 000份，而不是英语报纸。

B
Newspapers are not nearly as popular today as they were in the past. There are not very many people who seriously read a newspaper every day. Most people only read the sports pages, the advice or the gossip columns,
the comics, and perhaps the classified advertisements. Most people don't
take time to read real news. Newspapers attempt to catch the reader's interest with pictures and exciting headlines. These techniques are used on the front page because it is the first thing you see when you pick up the paper. The first page attracts attention and encourages the reader to look through the rest of the paper. This is why editors always look for a good first page story and a headline to make them stop and look. If the headline is horrible enough or frightening enough or wild enough, perhaps they will go on to read the front page. However, they may read the headlines, but that is all, then they turn to the sports page, or comics, or advertisements.
It seems that people do not want the news from a newspaper any more. They say they get the news on television now. More people watch television news because it is easier and more interesting than reading a newspaper. What about you? Do you read news from a newspaper? Do you think it is easier to get news from television? Or do you care about news at all? Would you mind if there were no news?
语篇解读：现如今网络的进展对纸质报纸的冲击很大。

本文作者呼吁大家更多地关注报纸。

4．According to the passage, newspapers are ________.
A．more popular today
B．less popular today
C．as popular as before
D．getting more and more popular
解析：选B细节理解题。

关键是理解文章的第一句话，由此可知报纸的地位已不如从前。

5．According to the author, which of the following newspapers will most probably attract the reader's attention?
A．The ones with interesting pictures and exciting headlines on the front page.
B．The ones with sports news on the front page.
C．The ones with classified ads on the front page.
D．The ones with gossip columns on the front page.
解析：选A推理推断题。

由第一段第五句可知，新闻往往用一些图片和令人感爱好的标题来吸引读者留意。

6．According to the passage, most people read all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A．the sports page B．comics
C．advertisements D．real news
解析：选D细节理解题。

依据文章第一段的第三、四句可以找到答案。

7．The author's attitude towards newspapers is ________.
A．sympathetic B．critical
C．negative D．undetermined
解析：选A作者态度题。

由文章的第一句话可知作者对报纸今非昔比的状况有点感慨，作者认为报纸应当受到人们更多的关注。

C
During an airport delay (延误) the man to the left, a Korean perhaps, starts talking to the man opposite, who might be Colombian, and soon they are chatting away in what seems to be English. But the native English speaker sitting between them cannot understand what they are saying.
The Korean and the Colombian are actually speaking Globish, the latest addition to the 6,800 languages that are said to be spoken across the world. Not that its inventor, Jean-Paul Nerrière, considers it a proper language.
“It is not a language; it is a tool，”he says. “A language is the vehicle of a culture. Globish doesn't want to be that at all.” It is a means of simplifying the English language and giving it rules so it can be understood by all.
Globish involves a vocabulary limited to 1,500 words, short sentences, basic grammar rules, and many hand gestures to get the point across. The word list goes from “able” to “zero”. “Niece and nephew are not included, but you can replace them with the children of my brother，”Nerrière says.
The seeds for Globish came about in the 1980s when Nerrière was working for IBM in Paris with colleagues of about 40 nationalities. At a meeting where they were to be addressed (演讲) by two Americans whose flight had been delayed, they started talking in their low-quality English. Then the Americans arrived and beyond their opening phrases, “Call me Jim，”“Call me Bill，”no one understood a word. And Jim and Bill, needless to say, did not understand the audience's English.
“My colleagues all, like me, spoke low-quality English. One might have a vocabulary of 2,000 words, another of 1,200 and not the same words. One of the things of interest in Globish is that with 1,500 words you can express everything. People all over the world will speak with the same limited vocabulary，”says
Nerrière.
Nerrière believes that with 182 hours' learning the student should be able to communicate in Globish. It is not a pretty language — full of redundancies (冗语) — but Nerrière repeats that it is nothing but a tool. “It is not the language of great writers such as Shakespeare, Faulkner or Virginia Woolf，”he explains.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了一种只有1 500个单词的国际帮助语——全球语。

8．The native English speaker mentioned in the first paragraph ________.
A．knows the Colombian B．can't speak Globish
C．doesn't like chatting D．can speak Korean
解析：选B推理推断题。

依据第一段的最终一句“But the native English speaker sitting between them cannot understand what they are saying.”可知，这个以英语为母语的人不懂全球语。

9．According to Nerrière, Globish is ________.
A．a proper language B．the vehicle of a culture
C．a means of communication D．the rule of the English language
解析：选C细节理解题。

依据第三段的“It is not a language; it is a tool”和“It is a means ... so it can be understood by all.”可知，Nerrière认为全球语只是一种沟通的工具。

10．Which of the following words can be used to describe the meeting in the 1980s?
A．Interesting. B．Amazing.
C．Unimportant. D．Unsuccessful.
解析：选D推理推断题。

依据第五段可知，Nerrière和他的同事们听不懂两个美国人的演讲，美国人也听不懂观众的英语，由此可见这次会议很不成功。

11．What can we learn about Globish?
A．It creates many new words.
B．It is very difficult to learn.
C．It doesn't require grammar rules.
D．It contains a list of 1,500 words.
解析：选D细节理解题。

依据第四段的“Globish involves a vocabulary limited to 1,500 words”可知。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五
For better grades — use your brain!
If you're like most students, you probably started this new school year with an air of determination to study harder. Now science can help you. Recent discoveries in brain research point to better ways to learn.
Think of the last time you looked up a number in the telephone book and dialed it. Could you remember that number five minutes later? Probably not! __1__ But if you can put the phone number into long-term memory, you'll remember that same phone number next week.
When you study, you transfer (转移) new information into long-term memory. Every time we learn something new, the structure of the brain actually changes, as we build new connections to information that we already know. __2__
Brain researchers have discovered three key points for better study.
◆__3__ Your brain can process only a limited amount of information at one time, so don't try to remember every detail. When studying a textbook, look for titles and headings to show you the main ideas.
◆Make the new brain connections stronger. __4__ This is the most powerful way to transfer information from short-term to long-term memory. Another way is drawing a picture of the information, to make the visual (视觉的) part of the brain active.
◆Give the new material time to soak in (渗入) — your brain has to build new physical connections.
__5__ And cramming (突击式学习) the night before a big test doesn't help.
A．Try to make an effort.
B．That's because it's in your short-term memory.
C．We know we will need the information in the future.
D．Find the most important information and organize it.
E．One method is to recite the ideas out loud in your own words.
F．For this reason, it's better to study for several short periods than one long one.
G．When there are more connections to the new information, it's easier to find it again.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了如何使用大脑更好地学习。

1．选B依据上文的“Probably not！”可知，五分钟以后你遗忘了刚拨过的电话号码，那是由于这组号码是以短期记忆的形式被储存的。

2．选G G项中的“more connections to the new information”与上文中的“we learn something new ... we build new connections to information that we already know”相呼应。

3．选D依据下文中的“don't try to remember every detail”可知，学习时应当是查找最重要的信息。

4．选E依据下文的“This is the most powerful way”和“Another way”可知，本段是大脑争辩者提出的“Make the new brain connections stronger”的两种方法。

5．选F本段的“Give the new material time to soak in”是对F项中的“better to study for several short periods than one long one”的解释。