雅思词句基本功训练

雅思基础写作讲义
第一课雅思写作简介
词汇（一般视角）
分类：
•逻辑关系
•事物数量
•变化
•事物/事件属性
第一类:逻辑关系
表示由于
重点单词和搭配：
单词：due to / because of/ owning to/thanks to
词汇讲解：
due to“由于，因…造成”，引导的短语在句中除可作状语外，也可作表语或定语。

due to后面不能接句子。

用法：
[例句] However, due to the stress from work, they can eat some extracted nutrition pills such as GNC series products to make up for losses of not cooking food.
[对应雅思托福话题] People will spend less time on cooking food.
练习：
( ) the heavy pressure from work, young people hardly have time to go back home and talk with the seniors. Some
people just send enough money to them but seldom talk with them.
During several decades, we have seen a obvious change ( ) globalization.
A group of highly intelligent and creative humans from New Mexico' Chaco Canyon, vanished ( ) a severe drought.表示因此
重点单词和搭配：
单词：therefore/ hence/ thus/ as a consequence/ as a result, consequently/ so that
词汇讲解：
therefore表示因此，可用在句首和句中都可以
用法：
[例句] Therefore, young people should experience a variety of jobs to identify the job that most suits them.
[对应雅思托福话题] Young people should take different kinds of jobs before they take a career in a long term.
练习：
( ), basic aesthetic knowledge is indispensible for every person to be taught since he or she is young.
( ), parents should understand this and let their children learn what they are interested.
Modern life is more and more complex and ( )，it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize.
表示导致产生
重点单词和搭配：
单词：lead to/ result in/ be responsible for/ give rise to/ cause/ generate
词汇讲解：
lead to:这个短语有两种解释，一是“通往、通向”：The path led to that village.第二种解释是“导致”：The leadership of my
college closes their eyes to waste of water and electricity, leading the resources shortage.
用法：
[例句] Therefore, better environment will lead to a profound effect on the development of our country.
[对应雅思托福话题] Improving schools is the most factor in successful development of country.
练习：
What is worse, Authorizing children money will also ( ) disharmony in a family.
For another, some countries waste much money on preserve the national traditional arts, which can ( ) lay a heavy financial burden on the arts.
Also, the prefect visual effect on screen, to some extent, can ( ) rise on the rate of TV programs.
表示转折
重点单词和搭配：
单词：however/ but/yet/nonetheless/nevertheless
词汇讲解：
however:意为“可是，然而，尽管”，较 but 的意味弱，通常用作连接性状语。

其位置可以在句首，句末或插入句中。

当其被用来对照两个分句时，中间需要有一个逗号；当它被用作句子的插入语时，则前后应各有一个逗号。

用法：
[例句] However, even though parents can help children get through the temporary situations at present, children still have to meet more challenging task in the future study and work.
[对应雅思托福话题] Parents should allow children to make their own choices rather than determine their children’s future for them.
练习：
( ), parents and educators are having different opinions about whether television advertising to young children should be allowed or not.
( ), as long as parents filtered the negative advertisements in advance, the problem can be addressed.
( ), other social institutions, large corporations and accomplished alumni can shoulder the duty to reward the society by donating money to universities, where the stirring ideas for civilization and human progress come from.
表示让步
重点单词和搭配：
单词：although/though/even though/despite/despite the fact that/ in spite of
词汇讲解：
despite：意思是尽管，是介词，不是连词，所以不能用来引导句子，若其后要跟 that 从句，需插入 the fact
用法：
[例句] However, we should concede that despite the fact that there are many merits for children not to study art or music, overextended highlighting its good aspects will be indeed counterproductive, even harmful.
[对应雅思托福话题] Younger school children (ages five to ten) should be required to study art and music in addition to math, science, history and language.
练习：
( ) the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however," the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its envelope in the next fifteen years.
In conclusion, despite enormous indifference existing in the current society, we should enhance the communication among neighborhood because we can obtain many benefits from it.
So much do those people in contemporary society pay attention to their appearance that they even pursuit them ( ) how costly they may be.
第二类:事物数量
表示很多
重点单词和搭配：
单词：a large/significant/vast number of/numerous/ a great/significant deal (amount) of/plenty of
词汇讲解：
a large/significant/vast number of/numerous接可数名词，表示很多个，a great/significant deal (amount) of/plenty of接不可数名词，表示很多，大量
用法：
[例句] Nowadays technology has simplified the procedure of a large number of tasks and operations.
[对应雅思托福话题] Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.
练习：
Personally speaking, I still stick to the idea that home cooking is becoming a lost art in ( ) households.
The spokes-character, “I’m loving it” with the colored figure left children deep impression while memorizing ( ) basic food name like sandwiches, chicken, breakfast, salads, beverages, desserts and cafe etc.
To conclude, although universities need more budgets to do build campuses, remodel laboratories and refill libraries, ( ) social organizations, companies and individuals can raise fund for them.
表示很少
重点单词和搭配：
单词：very little/ very few/ so little/ so few/ small quantity of
词汇讲解：
little指的是几乎没有，接不可数名词，而a little表示有一点儿的意思。

few有类似用法
用法：
[例句] Once beyond a certain threshold, money has little or no effect on happiness. Many wealthy people have experienced this and are not happier any more In fact, some wealthy people are completely unhappy.
[对应雅思托福话题] Most business people are motivated only by the desire for more money.
练习：
( ) people will use printed books since it is heavy, difficult to look up, easy to be out of date.
In twenty years, there will be ( ) cars in use than there are today
People would be happier with ( ) possessions.
表示各种各样
重点单词和搭配：
单词：diverse/ various/ unlike/ dissimilar/ distinct
词汇讲解：
diverse: 表示多样性的，各种不同属性的，名词形式diversity
用法：
[例句] Moreover, for some people whose majors are general sciences, such as chemistry, physics and so forth, which means it is hard for them to select a clear-cut career, trying diverse jobs is not a rational option as well.
[对应雅思托福话题] Young people should try several different jobs before they take a long term career.
练习：
The children obtain ( ) messages from the world of rapid development, they are curious about anything and they want to try new things.
We are living in a colorful world which is full of ( ) people.
Although such opinion holds one or two minor advantages, yet, to my point of view, the merits of using ( ) means to improve health care still far outweigh those of focusing on cleaning the environment.
表示相同的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：identical/indistinguishable/same/ similar
词汇讲解：
diverse: 表示多样性的，各种不同属性的，名词形式diversity
用法：
[例句] As people all over a country all have the identical culture atmosphere, they share the same way of how to look at something and evaluate something.
[对应雅思托福话题] People can benefit more from travelling in their own country than travelling in foreign countries.
第二课词汇（一般视角）
表示充足的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：adequate /enough/ sufficient/ample/generous/ extensive
词汇讲解：
adequate: 足够的，指数量多，适合须要的数量
用法：
[例句] We human being all are equal since we were born and no doubt we share all the same rights and treatment with adequate dignity.
[对应雅思托福话题] One should never judge a person by external appearances.
练习：
Comments from newspapers are more comprehensive and insightful, which could be truly understood. Unless the live report on television, commenter and news writer of newspapers are provided ( ) time to write high-quality comments with shrewd observation and calm thinking.
However, as the competition aroused, today one has to struggle to find an ( ) job for himself in order to meet the basic needs of the family, not to mention the efforts to achieve extra success.
表示不足的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：lack/insufficient/inadequate
词汇讲解：
lack：做动词的时候lack是及物动词，后面不能跟介词。

lack另外的一个正确用法是它还可以用作名词，这时候名词后面必须跟lack of
用法：
[例句] Due to the problems of the children always follow their parents direction, an increasing number of young adults are suffering a defect lack of capability to make their own choice, in an other words, insufficient creativity and independence will result in students somehow depend their parents in future life and lose the ability to live on their own .
[对应雅思托福话题] Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (say 15-18 year-old) teenage children.
练习：
Her behavior indicated that she had a ( ) of sense of confidence and safety, which resulted from the divorce of their parents.
Additionally, there are countless business profits inside media, which could also cause the ( ) of truth in newspapers or magazines.
第三类: 变化
表示增加
重点单词和搭配：
单词：boost increase/rise/mushroom/skyrocket
词汇讲解：
boost: 表示提高，提升，但是有迅速提高的含义，课用于数量的提高或者抽象意义比如职业生涯的提高
用法：
[例句] Enabling children to make own decisions can boost the enthusiasm to study.
[对应雅思托福话题] Parents should allow children to make their own choices rather than determine their children’s fu ture for them.
练习：
Being taught how to manage money at a young age will ( )their career
Most important, all the factors should be taken into consideration and cooperated with each other; only in this way can we ( ) the quality of the education.
表示减少
重点单词和搭配：
单词：decrease/dwindle/ reduce /cut / trim/slash/ deplete
词汇讲解：
decrease:做不及物动词使用时常用结构为，名词+decrease，常用的名词有temperature, pressure, price, rate, efficiency, volume等。

短语decrease to表示“减少到”。

decrease做及物动词使用时常用结构为decrease+名词, 后面常用的搭配词有number, amount, rate, speed, pressure, concentration, capacity, power等。

用法：
[例句] This is the best chance for children had parents to decrease the generation gap.
[对应雅思托福话题] Is it important for families to regularly eat their meals together
第四类:事物/事件属性
表示重要的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：significant, crucial，essential, vital, integral, fundamental, basic, high priority
搭配：be of …significance to, play a… role in…, it is high time to do…,
词汇讲解：
significant，名词形式是significance，表示“重要性”，因此significant是重要的意思。

用法：
[例句] I hold the view that incre asing teachers’ salaries are significant because teachers play the most important part in the process of education.
[对应雅思托福话题] The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase teachers' salaries
练习：
Confidence never fails to play a ( ) role in your entire life.
Another ( ) quality of a leader is vision. Take Henry Ford for example.
表示次要的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：secondary, minor, negligible, slight, , trivial, low priority
词汇讲解：
secondary，由名词形式second，位居二位的，次要的，因此“secondary”就是次要不重要的意思。

用法：
[例句] Admittedly, some commercial advertisements can provide a certain amount of information which consumers might find useful. But compared with the hypes and deceptions of advertisements, these benefits are secondary.
[对应雅思托福话题] Advertising is the most important cause of unhealthy eating habits.
练习：
It has been argued that compared with higher education early education is ( ) the government.
表示昂贵的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：costly/expensive/valuable/ precious
搭配：be … to, make sb/sth…,
词汇讲解：
costly, 由动词形式cost（花费）变过来，加ly后是形容词，表示昂贵的
用法：
[例句] Watching movies in the cinema is more costly than watching at home. Nowadays, the ticket fee is about 8-10 USD, which is still exceeding students’ ability to way.
[对应雅思托福话题] It is more fun to see a movie in the cinema with other people than see a movie at home.
练习：
Building art museums and concert hall is a ( ) project compared with constructing recreational facilities like swimming pools and playground for the government.
Choices made today may be ( ) or impossible to reverse in the future.
表示便宜的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：cheap, inexpensive, moderate, reasonable, valueless, worthless, discounted
用法：
[例句]Life being very short, and the quiet hours of it few, we ought to waste none of them in reading valueless books.
表示必要性
重点单词和搭配：
单词：necessary, indispensable, essential, imperative, integral
搭配：be necessary for sth./to do sth. Be essential to/ for sth, it is essential to do sth.
词汇讲解：
indispensable: dispensable是可有可无的的意思，加前缀in后，变为必要的，必须的
用法：
[例句] There are many aspects to improve the quality of education, such as constructing modernized school buildings, adding new advanced teaching facilities and making rational education systems. All of these ways are indispensable and increasing teachers' salaries is only one of the necessary methods of this issue.
[对应雅思托福话题] The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers' salaries.
练习：
Knowledge is only one of the ( ) elements for one’s career achievement.
For another, good characteristics such as diligence, responsibility and perseverance are all ( ) for one's career success.
Parents should point out what mistakes their children have made and try their best to help their children to analyze the causes, learn the lessons and eventually correct the issues. So, there is no denying that such kinds of interferences are ( ).
表示非必要性
重点单词和搭配：
单词：dispensable, inessential, needless, unnecessary
用法：
[例句]Truly, food is indispensable to every human being, but with the modern commodity system, cooking could be virtually dispensable.
[对应雅思托福话题]People will spend less time cooking and preparing food in twenty years.
表示合适的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：appropriate, fitting, proper, suitable
词汇讲解：
appropriate：意为“恰当”、“恰如其分”，强调与某事物、某场合极为适应，如：Write in a style appropriate to your subject；The eighteenth－century gentleman spoke with a refined accent，quoted the classics on appropriate occasions．
用法：
[例句] We must not only engage in thorough discussion, but also put theory into practice in order to acquire a better sense of the most appropriate and effective way to improve the quality of the education in a country.
[对应雅思托福话题] The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers' salaries.
表示不合适的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：improper, inappropriate, offensive, unseemly, unsuitable
搭配：be inappropriate to/for sb./sth., be unsuitable for/to sb./sth.
词汇讲解：
inappropriate: appropriate是合适的意思，加前缀in后，变为不合适的。

用法：
[例句] This significant psychological feeling is difficult to obtain by following parents' decisions. It is inappropriate for parents to take their control over children for granted.
[对应雅思托福话题] Parents should allow children to make their own choices rather than determine their children's future for them.
练习：
Some people emphasize that it is ( ) for teachers to express their political or social views in the class.
As a result, most of the naked scenes were cut off before the premiere. So, it should come as no surprise to find that there is no opportunity available for children to receive ( ) content from TV.
People would not only achieve information to help them understand the issues around them and how to deal with, but also
realize how to give voice to government and how to correct government’s ( ) proceedings such as defalcation, bribery, misconduct and so forth.
表示可疑的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：doubtful, unbelievable, questionable, unconvincing, suspicious
搭配：It is doubtful (that)/ whether/ if, be doubtful about sth. It is incredible that…, be suspicious of sth.
词汇讲解：
doubtful: doubt是名词，意思是怀疑，加ful后，变为形容词，表示令人怀疑的
用法：
[例句] One wishing to be admitted to the university will have to take several tests. It is doubtful that someone will be so lucky that knowing nothing, he could pass the test with a high score.
[对应雅思托福话题] When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success."
练习：
News report with a video recording condition of the scene on television is usually more accurate and more convincing than a written record. It is extremely ( ) whether a journalist could recount the invent completely and objectively
As is known to everyone, in a market economy, promising to find jobs for students is impractical and hence rather ( ).
It is ( ) whether they feel satisfied under current companies’ management.
表示确信的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：convinced, certain, positive, sure
用法：
[例句] From where I stand I firmly convinced that not only can sports makes our bodies better, but it can also teaches
us something significant that cannot be replaced by other things.
[对应雅思托福话题] Playing sports teaches people more lessons about the life
表示清楚的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：explicit , accurate, clear, definite, specific
词汇讲解：
explicit, 详尽的;清楚的;明确的
The doctor gave me explicit instructions on when and how to take the medicine
用法：
[例句] Many sports require us to cooperate with others ,such as basketball, the missions for forward, guard and center are all very explicit, so the members in the team should have an ingenious cooperation.
[对应雅思托福话题] Playing sports teaches people more lessons about the life
表示模糊的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：unclear, vague, indefinite, obscure, indistinct
搭配：be unclear about sth. be vague about sth.
词汇讲解：
vague: 意思为模糊的,不清楚的,朦胧的，通常指抽象意义的模糊，比如概念等等。

用法：
[例句] Many people just have a vague conception that they want to be rich men and have more money than others. To realize their blind aim, they begin to do the endless work though it is boring or even illogic.
[对应雅思托福话题] Being happy of job is more important than high salary.
练习：
This argument is fraught with unconvincing and ( ) statements.
It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but ( ) expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
Saying that no one can live without friends are too ( )
表示不寻常的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：unconventional, unusual, odd, peculiar
词汇讲解：
unconventional：由conventional变过来，表示非传统的，有独创性的
用法：
[例句] An unconventional energy was introduced to the local government to tackle the severe environmental problems. [对应雅思托福话题] The government should give priority to improving healthcare than to solving environmental problems.
表示传统的
重点单词和搭配：
单词： conventional, traditional, prescriptive
词汇讲解：
conventional: 形容词1.习惯的，常例的 2.普通的，常见的 3.符合习俗的，因袭的，陈腐的
用法：
[例句] Acting on some conventional notions, parents could offer few planning which is very suitable for modern society. Thus, parents' decisions condemn children to miss out on many great opportunities in career.
[对应雅思托福话题] Parents should allow children to make their own choices rather than determine their children's future for them.
练习：
As we all know, our oil, coal, and other ( ) fuels will be exhausted in the near future.
( ) school education provides you good opportunities to make friends and to develop your social skills.
The ( ) wisdom is that the success of an individual tends to be linked with his born talents for the very field in which he is working.
表示临时的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：temporary, transitory, impermanent, momentary, short-term
词汇讲解：
temporary: 1. 临时的, 暂时的, 短时间的2. 无常的,短暂的
用法：
[例句] Now, this temporary traffic regulation has been fixed and an increasing number of citizens, like me, believe that similar policies will be spread out the country over the few years.
[对应雅思托福话题] Cars will disappear in 20 years.
练习：
Most people realize that television is merely a ( ) diversion and do not use it to replace interpersonal communication.
I once read about a theory largely demonstrates that the ( ) education quality must be associated with the GDP of an area when considered the quality.
However, once immersed in the stories and scenes of movies, they will totally forget all the cares and troubles, and thus will find ( ) relief from their agonies.
表示长久的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：permanent, long-term
用法：
[例句] The well-know example is that when we learn some new knowledge, we are forget it fast, however after practice after the class, in other world get the knowledge form different resources, we can get a permanent knowledge in our mind. [对应雅思托福话题] To be well-informed people should get information from many different sources.
表示可能的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：conceivable ,possible, probable, likely, potential
词汇讲解：
conceivable: 由动词conceive变过来，表示可能的，可想而知的。

搭配：It is conceivable that…
用法：
[例句] It is conceivable for the parents that children are out of control. Meanwhile, most of the movies content something violence, bloody or sexual which seems have no effect for adults.
[对应雅思托福话题] Parents find it hard to control their children for the children are now influenced by many things outside home like television or movie.
练习：
It goes without saying that the students are the future muster of the world, nothing is more essential to the “future muster” than teachers. It’s ( ) that the society should attach great important to teachers.
It is ( ) that sometimes the creative idea would become a castle in the air without deliberated planning.
It is ( ) that friends plays an important role in our life that the time we get along with our friends is much longer than teachers.
表示不可能的
重点单词和搭配：
单词： impossible, impracticable, infeasible, unattainable
用法：
[例句] In a football game, it is impossible not to cooperate with your teammates. If you try to play alone, you will become exhausted and will fail.
[对应雅思托福话题] Playing sports teaches people lessons about life.
表示明显的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：apparent, obvious, visible, , distinct, evident, perceptible
词汇讲解：
apparent: 清晰可见的，显然的
搭配：be conspicuous for sth., be visible to sb./sth., be evident to sth., be perceptible to sb.
用法：
[例句] It is apparent that the fantastic invention of transportation like bikes and cars has made it possible for people to live more convenient and colorful than ever possible before.
[对应雅思托福话题] People should be allowed to use cell phones on public transportation such as buses and trains.
练习：
Although main ideas may be adequately supported, weaknesses in organization and development will be ( ).
No ( ) development or organization. Sentences may be brief and incomplete and unrelated to one another.
Teamwork means several people work together and cooperate efficiently. Many sports need teamwork, like basketball, football, and so forth. It is ( ) that we can get to how to teamwork from sports.
表示模糊的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：ambiguous, indistinct, mysterious, obscure, unapparent, unclear
用法：
[例句] It is ambiguous that the rewards of educational investment will appear soon.
[对应雅思托福话题] Improving schools is the most effective factor in successful development of country.
表示普遍存在
重点单词和搭配：
单词：widespread , everywhere, ubiquitous, pervasive, universal, worldwide
词汇讲解：
widespread: wide是广泛的，spread是扩散的意思，故widespread是分布广泛的，普遍的意思
用法：
[例句] Few issues are as likely to provoke widespread interest as that education of children. Some people think that paying more is not always the best policy when dealing with improving educational quality.
[对应雅思托福话题] The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase teachers' salaries
练习：
When a heated debate that parents feel it hard to control their children did come into us, it was taken serious and aroused ( ) concern.
Further, ( ) foreign brands render local consumers overlook national products but keen on foreign goods.
It has caused ( ) revolutionary effects and has actually changed the way people look at the world.
表示罕见的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：rare, extraordinary, infrequent, seldom, uncommon, unfamiliar, unusual
用法：
[例句] Einstein received rare high grades in senior high school. The low grades even sent him to a second class college. [对应雅思托福话题] Do you prefer to finish one project completely then to another one or do two or several projects at a time
表示强制的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：mandatory, required, obligatory, compulsory, demanded
词汇讲解：
compulsory: 必须做的，强制性的，（课程）必修的。

compulsory education 义务教育；compulsory service system义务兵役制；compulsory subjects必修课目
用法：
[例句] After taken every aspect into deliberation, I am of the point that history should become a compulsory subjects. [对应雅思托福话题] University students should be required to take history classes even they are not part of the field of the study.
练习：
Fortunately, in most countries, elementary education is ( ) for all children, and even for free in some countries, for example, in China.
First and foremost, it is generally accepted that the majority of students dislike the ( ) assignments.
Education is ( ) but, despite this, some people do not take it seriously.
表示可选择的
重点单词和搭配：
单词：elective, optional, voluntary
用法：
[例句] As long as we can make art and music courses as elective courses, the problem can be addressed.
[对应雅思托福话题] Young school children (aged five to ten) should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.
第三课词汇（背景视角）
教育类背景词汇
重点单词和搭配：
关键词汇：subject/discipline/area/
关键搭配：core subject, main subject, additional subject, arts/science subject, academic subject
关键词汇：curriculum
关键搭配：diverse curriculum, wide curriculum, broad curriculum, areas of curriculum
关键词汇： high school
关键搭配：junior high ,senior high
关键词汇： education
关键搭配：a liberal arts education, a vocational education, tertiary education, compulsory education, test-oriented education
关键词汇： college, university , institution of higher education
关键搭配： go to a college (university, an institution of higher education)
attend a college (university, an institution of higher education), college (university) students
graduate from college (university) ,finish college (university), school (university, college) authorities
关键词汇： undergraduate
关键搭配：a second year undergraduate, undergraduate students (courses, degrees)
关键词汇： fresh man
关键搭配： fresh man year, first year, fresh man
关键词汇： sophomore
关键搭配：sophomore year, second year, a sophomore
关键词汇：junior
关键搭配：junior year, the third year, a junior
关键词汇： senior
关键搭配：senior year, the fourth year, a senior
关键词汇： degree, diploma, certificate
关键搭配： a bachelor’s degree, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Sciences, postgraduate, graduate a master’s degree, a doctorial candidate, a Ph. D degree, confer a degree, receive a degree
关键词汇：paper, thesis, dissertation
关键搭配：draft( prepare, produce, write, issue, publish, release) a paper/thesis/dissertation
关键词汇： homework, assignment
关键搭配：academic assignment, a history assignment (an assignment on history) , heavy (a heavy load of) assignments hand out (set) an assignment on a particular subject, assign homework to students, complete (finish) an assignment
关键词汇： campus
关键搭配：college (university campus), live on the campus, live off the campus
关键词汇： school, faculty, department
关键搭配：a medical or law school, the Faculty of Law, the Engineering Faculty
关键词汇： concentration
关键搭配：a field of specialization , concentrate in architecture(business, journalism, law, medicine)
关键词汇：organization, group
关键搭配：student organizations, a students' union (student government, student council) , extracurricular groups newspapers, singing groups, political groups, volunteer programs, fraternities and sororities
关键词汇：examination
关键搭配：entrance examination (test), prepare for examination , revise for examination, study for examination, enter for examination, stiff (tough, difficult) examination, entrance examination, matriculation examination selection examination, end of term exam, end of year exam , final exam
关键词汇：grade
关键搭配：excellent (good, high, top) grade, low (poor) grade, average (mean) grade,
get (receive, achieve, attain) an excellent grade
关键词汇：courses
关键搭配：accumulation of course credits ,prescribed courses .), compulsory courses
关键词汇：class。