单工无线发射接收系统外文翻译摘要
通信工程专业英语汉英对照
通信工程专业英语汉英对照(A-D)2008年11月14日星期五 21:08A安全地线=safe ground wire安全特性 security feature安装线=hook-up wire按半周进行的多周期控制=multicycle controlled by half-cycle 按键电话机=push-button telephone set按需分配多地址=demand assignment multiple access(DAMA)按要求的电信业务=demand telecommunication service按组编码=encode by groupB八木天线=Yagi antenna白噪声=white Gaussian noise白噪声发生器=white noise generator半波偶极子=halfwave dipole半导体存储器=semiconductor memory半导体集成电路=semiconductor integrated circuit半双工操作=semi-duplex operation半字节=Nib包络负反馈=peak envelop negative feed-back包络延时失真=envelop delay distortion薄膜=thin film薄膜混合集成电路=thin film hybrid integrated circuit保护比（射频）=protection ratio (RF)保护时段=guard period保密通信=secure communication报头=header报文分组 packet报文优先等级=message priority报讯=alarm备用工作方式 spare mode背景躁声 background noise倍频 frequency multiplication倍频程 actave倍频程滤波器 octave filter被呼地址修改通知 called address modified notification被呼用户优先 priority for called subscriber本地PLMN local PLMN本地交换机 local exchange本地移动用户身份 local mobile station identity ( LMSI)本地震荡器 local oscillator比功率(功率密度) specific power比特 bit比特并行 bit parallel比特号码 bit number (BN)比特流 bit stream比特率 bit rate比特误码率 bit error rate比特序列独立性 bit sequence independence必要带宽 necessary bandwidth闭环电压增益 closed loop voltage gain闭环控制 closed loop control闭路电压 closed circuit voltage边瓣抑制 side lobe suppression边带 sideband边带非线性串扰 sideband non-linear crosstalk边带线性串扰 sideband linear crosstalk边带抑制度 sideband suppression边角辐射 boundary radiation编号制度 numbering plan编解码器 codec编码 encode编码律 encoding law编码器 encoder编码器输出 encoder output编码器总工作时间 encoder overall operate time编码效率 coding efficiency编码信号 coded signal编码约束长度 encoding constraint length编码增益 coding gain编译程序 compiler鞭状天线 whip antenna变频器 converter变频损耗 converter conversion loss变容二极管 variable capacitance diode变形交替传号反转 modified alternate mark inversion便携电台 portable station便携设备 portable equipment便携式载体设备 portable vehicle equipment标称调整率（标称塞入率） nominal justification rate (nominal stuffing rate)标称值 nominal value标称呼通概率 nominal calling probability标准码实验信号 standard code test signal (SCTS)标准模拟天线 standard artificial antenna标准频率 standard frequency标准时间信号发射 standard-time-signal emission标准实验调制 standard test modulation标准输出功率 standard power output标准输入信号 standard input signal标准输入信号电平 standard input-signal level标准输入信号频率 standard input-signal frequency标准信躁比 standard signal to noise表面安装 surface mounting表示层 presentation layer并串变换器 parallel-serial converter (serializer)并馈垂直天线 shunt-fed vertical antenna并行传输 parallel transmission并行终端 parallel terminal拨号错误概率 dialing mistake probability拨号后延迟 post-dialing delay拨号交换机 dial exchange拨号线路 dial-up line拨号音 dialing tone拨号终端 dial-up terminal波动强度（在给定方向上的） cymomotive force (c. m. f)波段覆盖 wave coverage波峰焊 wave soldering波特 baud泊送过程 Poisson process补充业务 supplementary service (of GSM)补充业务登记 supplementary service registration补充业务询问 supplementary service interrogation补充业务互连 supplementary service interworking捕捉区（一个地面接收台） capture area (of a terrestrial receiving station) 捕捉带 pull-in range捕捉带宽 pull-in banwidth捕捉时间 pull-in time不连续发送 discontinuous transmission (DTX)不连续干扰 discontinuous interference不连续接收 discontinuous reception (DRX)不确定度 uncertainty步谈机 portable mobile stationC采样定理 sampling theorem采样频率 sampling frequency采样周期 sampling period参考边带功率 reference side band power参考差错率 reference error ratio参考当量 reference equivalent参考点 reference point参考结构 reference configuration参考可用场强 reference usable fiend-strength参考灵敏度 reference sensibility参考频率 reference frequency参考时钟 reference clock参考输出功率 reference output power残余边带调制 vestigial sideband modulation残余边带发射 vestigial-sideband emission操作维护中心 operation maintenance center (OMC)操作系统 operation system (OS)侧音消耗 sidetone loss层2转发 layer 2 relay (L2R)插入组装 through hole pachnology插入损耗 insertion loss查号台 information desk差错控制编码 error control coding差错漏检率 residual error rate差分脉冲编码调制（差分脉码调制） differential pulse code modulation (DPCM)差分四相相移键控 differential quadrature phase keying (DQPSK)差分相移键控 differential phase keying (DPSK)差模电压，平衡电压 differential mode voltage, symmetrical voltage 差拍干扰 beat jamming差频失真 difference frequency distortion长期抖动指示器 long-term flicker indicator长期频率稳定度 long-term frequency stability场强灵敏度 field intensity sensibility场效应晶体管 field effect transistor (FET)超长波通信 myriametric wave communication超地平对流层传播 transhorizon tropospheric超地平无线接力系统 transhorizon radio-relay system超高帧 hyperframe超帧 superframe超大规模集成电路 very-large scale integrated circuit (VLSI)超再生接收机 super-regenerator receiver车载电台 vehicle station撤消 withdrawal成对不等性码（交替码、交变码）paired-disparity code (alternative code, alternating code)承载业务 bearer service城市交通管制系统 urban traffic control system程序设计技术 programming technique程序设计环境 programming environment程序优化 program optimization程序指令 program command充电 charge充电率 charge rate充电效率 charge efficiency充电终止电压 end-of charge voltage抽样 sampling抽样率 sample rate初级分布线路 primary distribution link初始化 initialization处理增益 processing gain传播时延 propagation delay传播系数 propagation coefficient传导干扰 conducted interference传导杂散发射 conducted spurious emission传递函数 transfer function传递时间 transfer time传声器 microphone传输保密 transmission security传输层协议 transport layer protocol传输集群 transmission trunking传输结束字符 end of transmission character传输媒体 transmission medium传输损耗 transmission loss传输损耗（无线线路的） transmission loss (of a radio link)传输通道 transmission path传输信道 transmission channel传真 facsimile, FAX船舶地球站 ship earth station船舶电台 ship station船舶移动业务 ship movement service船上通信电台 on-board communication station ,ship communication station 船用收音机 ship radio串并变换机 serial to parallel (deserializer)串并行变换 serial-parallel conversion串话 crosstalk垂直方向性图 vertical directivity pattern唇式传声器 lip microphone磁屏蔽 magnetic shielding次级分布线路 secondary distribution link猝发差错 burst error猝发点火控制 burst firing control存储程序控制交换机 stored program controlled switching systemD大规模集成电路 large scale integrated circuit (LSI)大信号信躁比 signal-to-noise ratio of strong signal带成功结果的常规操作 normal operation with successful outcome带宽 bandwidth带内导频单边带 pilot tone-in-band single sideband带内谐波 in-band harmonic带内信令 in-band signalling带内躁声 in-band noise带通滤波器 band-pass filter带外发射 out-of-band emission带外功率 out-of-band power带外衰减 attenuation outside a channel带外信令 out-band signalling带状线 stripline单边带发射 single sideband (SSB) emission单边带发射机 single side-band (SSB) transmitter单边带调制 single side band modulation单边带解调 single side band demodulation单边带信号发生器 single side band signal generaltor单端同步 single-ended synchronization单工、双半工 simplex, halfduplex单工操作 simplex operation单工无线电话机 simplex radio telephone单呼 single call单频双工 single frequency duplex单频信令 single frequency signalling单相对称控制 symmetrical control (single phase)单相非对称控制 asymmetrical control (single phase)单向 one-way单向的 unidirectional单向控制 unidirectional control单信道地面和机载无线电分系统 SINCGARS单信道无绳电话机 single channel cordless telephone单信号方法 single-signal method单音 tone单音脉冲 tone pulse单音脉冲持续时间 tone pulse duration单音脉冲的单音频率 tone frequency of tone pulse单音脉冲上升时间 tone pulse rise time单音脉冲下降时间 tone pulse decay time单音制 individual tone system单元电缆段（中继段） elementary cable section (repeater section)单元再生段 elementary regenerator section (regenerator section)单元增音段，单元中继段 elementary repeater section当被呼移动用户不回答时的呼叫转移 call forwarding on no reply (CFNRy) 当被呼移动用户忙时的呼叫转 calling forwarding on mobile subscriber busy (CFB)当漫游到原籍PLMN国家以外时禁止所有入呼 barring of incoming calls when roaming outside the home PLMN country (BIC-Roam)当前服务的基站 current serving BS当无线信道拥挤时的呼叫转移calling forward on mobile subscriber not reachable (CENRc)刀型天线 blade antenna导频 pilot frequency导频跌落pilot fall down倒L型天线 inverted-L antenna等步的 isochronous等幅电报 continuous wave telegraph等权网（互同步网） democratic network (mutually synchronized network) 等效比特率 equivalent bit rate等效地球半径 equivalent earth radius等效二进制数 equivalent binary content等效全向辐射功率 equivalent isotropically radiated power (e. i. r. p.) 等效卫星线路躁声温度 equivalent satellite link noise temperature低轨道卫星系统 LEO satellite mobile communication system低气压实验 low atmospheric pressure test低时延码激励线性预测编码 low delay CELP (LD-CELP)低通滤波器 low pass filter低温实验 low temperature test低躁声放大器 low noise amplifier地-空路径传播 earth-space path propagation地-空通信设备 ground/air communication equipment地波 ground wave地面连线用户 land line subscriber地面无线电通信 terrestrial radio communication地面站（电台） terrestrial station第N次谐波比 nth harmonic ratio第二代无绳电话系统 cordless telephone system second generation (CT-2) 第三代移动通信系统 third generation mobile systems点波束天线 spot beam antenna点对地区通信 point-area communication点对点通信 point-point communication点至点的GSM PLMN连接 point to point GSM PLMN电报 telegraphy电报电码 telegraph code电波衰落 radio wave fading电池功率 power of battery电池能量 energy capacity of battery电池容量 battery capacity电池组 battery电磁波 electromagnetic wave电磁波反射 reflection of electromagnetic wave电磁波饶射 diffraction of electromagnetic wave电磁波散射 scattering of electromagnetic wave电磁波色射 dispersion of electromagnetic wave电磁波吸收 absorption of electromagnetic wave电磁波折射 refraction of electromagnetic wave电磁场 electromagnetic field电磁发射 electromagnetic field电磁辐射 electromagnetic emission电磁干扰 electromagnetic interference (EMI)电磁感应 electromagnetic induction电磁环境 electromagnetic environment电磁兼容性 electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)电磁兼容性电平 electromagnetic compatibility level 电磁兼容性余量 electromagnetic compatibility margin 电磁脉冲 electromagnetic pulse (EMP)电磁脉冲干扰 electromagnetic pulse jamming电磁敏感度 electromagnetic susceptibility电磁能 electromagnetic energy电磁耦合 electromagnetic coupling电磁屏蔽 electromagnetic shielding电磁屏蔽装置 electromagnetic screen电磁骚扰 electromagnetic disturbance电磁噪声 electromagnetic noise电磁污染 electromagnetic pollution电动势 electromotive force (e. m. f.)电话机 telephone set电话局容量 capacity of telephone exchange电话型电路 telephone-type circuit电话型信道 telephone-type channel电离层 ionosphere电离层波 ionosphere wave电离层传播 ionosphere propagation电离层反射 ionosphere reflection电离层反射传播 ionosphere reflection propagation电离层散射传播 ionosphere scatter propagation电离层折射 ionosphere refraction电离层吸收 ionosphere absorption电离层骚扰 ionosphere disturbance电流探头 current probe电路交换 circuit switching电屏蔽 electric shielding电视电话 video-telephone, viewphone, visual telephone电台磁方位 magnetic bearing of station电台方位 bearing of station电台航向 heading of station电文编号 message numbering电文队列 message queue电文格式 message format电文交换 message switching电文交换网络 message switching network电文结束代码 end-of-message code电文路由选择 message routing电小天线 electronically small antenna电信管理网络 telecommunication management network (TMN)电信会议 teleconferencing电压变化 voltage change电压变化持续时间 duration of a voltage change电压变化的发生率 rate of occurrence of voltage changes电压变化时间间隔 voltage change interval电压波动 voltage fluctuation电压波动波形 voltage fluctuation waveform电压波动量 magnitude of a voltage fluctuation电压不平衡 voltage imbalance, voltage unbalance电压浪涌 voltage surge电压骤降 voltage dip电源 power supply电源电压调整率 line regulation电源抗扰性 mains immunity电源持续工作能力 continuous operation ability of the power supply 电源去耦系数 mains decoupling factor电源骚扰 mains disturbance电子干扰 electronic jamming电子工业协会 Electronic Industries Association (EIA)电子系统工程 electronic system engineering电子自动调谐 electronic automatic tuning电子组装 electronic packaging电阻温度计 resistance thermometer跌落试验 fall down test顶部加载垂直天线 top-loaded vertical antenna定长编码 block code定期频率预报 periodical frequency forecast定时 clocking定时超前 timing advance定时电路 timing circuit定时恢复（定时抽取） timing recovery (timing extration)定时截尾试验 fixed time test定时信号 timing signal定数截尾试验 fixed failure number test定向天线 directional antenna定型试验 type test动态频率分配 dynamic frequency allocation动态信道分配 dynamic channel allocation动态重组 dynamic regrouping动态自动增益控制特性 dynamic AGC characteristic抖动 jitter独立边带 independent sideband独立故障 independent fault端到端业务 teleservice短波传播 short wave propagation短波通信 short wave communication短路保护 short-circuit protection短期抖动指示器 short-term flicker indicator短期频率稳定度 short-term frequency stability短时间中断（供电电压） short interruption (of supply voltage)段终端 section termination对称二元码 symmetrical binary code对地静止卫星 geostationary satellite对地静止卫星轨道 geostationary satellite orbit对地同步卫星 geosynchronous satellite对讲电话机 intercommunicating telephone set对空台 aeronautical station对流层 troposphere对流层波道 troposphere duct对流层传播 troposphere propagation对流层散射传播 troposphere scatter propagation多次调制 multiple modulation多点接入 multipoint access多电平正交调幅 multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) 多分转站网 multidrop network多服务器队列 multiserver queue多工 multiplexing多工器 nultiplexer多功能系统 MRS多级处理 multilevel processing多级互连网络 multistage interconnecting network多级卫星线路 multi-satellite link多径 multipath多径传播 multipath propagation多径传播函数 nultipath propagation function多径分集 multipath diversity多径时延 multipath delay多径衰落 multipath fading多径效应 multipath effect多路复接 multiplexing多路接入 multiple access多路信道 multiplexor channel多脉冲线性预测编码 multi-pulse LPC (MPLC)多频信令 multifrequency signalling多普勒频移 Doppler shift多跳路径 multihop path多信道选取 multichannel access (MCA)多信道自动拨号移动通信系统multiple-channel mobile communication system with automatic dialing 多优先级 multiple priority levels多帧 multiframe多址呼叫 multiaddress call多址联接 multiple access多重时帧 multiple timeframe多用户信道 multi-user channel通信工程专业英语汉英对照(E-H)2008年11月14日星期五 21:09E额定带宽 rated bandwidth额定射频输出功率 rated radio frequency output power额定使用范围 rated operating range额定音频输出功率 rated audio-frequency output power额定值 rated value爱尔兰 erlang恶意呼叫识别 malicious call identification (MCI)耳机（受话器） earphone耳机额定阻抗 rated impedance of earphone二十进制码 binary-coded decimal (BCD) code二十进制转换 binary-to-decimal conversion二十六进制转换 binary-to-hexadecimal conversion二进制码 binary code二进制频移键控 binary frequency shift keying (BFSK)二进制数 binary figure二频制位 binary digit(bit)二频制 two-frequency system二维奇偶验码 horizontal and vertical parity check code二线制 two-wire system二相差分相移键控 binary different phase shift keying (BDPSK) 二相相移键控 binary phase shift keying (BPSK)F发报机 telegraph transmitter发射 emisssion发射（或信号）带宽 bandwidth of an emission (or a signal)发射机 transmitter发射机边带频谱 transmitter sideband spectrum发射机额定输出功率 rated output power of transmitter发射机合路器 transmitter combiner发射机冷却系统 cooling system of transmitter发射机启动时间 transmitter attack time发射机效率 transmitter frequency发射机杂散躁声 spurious transmitter noise发射机之间的互调 iner-transmitter intermodulation发射机对答允许频（相）偏transmitter maximum permissible frequency(phase) deviation 发射类别 class of emission发射频段 transmit frequency band发射余量 emission margin发送 sending发送响度评定值 send loudness rating (SLR)繁忙排队/自动回叫 busy queuing/ callback反馈控制系统 feedback control system反射功率 reflection power反射卫星 reflection satellite反向话音通道 reverse voice channel (RVC)反向控制信道 reverse control channel (RECC)泛欧数字无绳电话系统 digital European cordless telephone方舱 shelter方向性系数 directivity of an antenna防爆电话机 explosion-proof telephone set防潮 moisture protection防腐蚀 corrosion protection防霉 mould proof仿真头 artificial head仿真耳 artificial ear仿真嘴 artificial mouth仿真天线 dummy antenna放大器 amplifier放大器线性动态范围 linear dynamic range of amplifier放电 discharge放电电压 discharge voltage放电深度 depth of discharge放电率 discharge rate放电特性曲线 discharge character curve非等步的 anisochronous非归零码 nonreturn to zero code (NRZ)非均匀编码 nonuniform encoding非均匀量化 nonuniform quantizing非连续干扰 discontinuous disturbance“非”门 NOT gate非强占优先规则 non-preemptive priority queuing discipline非受控滑动 uncontrolled slip非线性电路 nonlinear circuit非线性失真 nonliear distortion非线性数字调制 nonlinear digital modulation非占空呼叫建立 off-air-call-set-up (OACSU)非专用控制信道 non-dedicated control channel非阻塞互连网络 non-blocking interconnection network分贝 decibel (dB)分辨力 resolution分布参数网络 distributed parameter network分布式功能 distributed function分布式数据库 distributed database分别于是微波通信系统 distributed microwave communication system分布式移动通信系统 distributed mobile communication system分布路线 distribution link分段加载天线 sectional loaded antenna分机 extension分集 diversity分集改善系数 diversity improvement factor分集间隔 diversity separation分集增益 diversity gain分集接收 diversity reception分接器 demultiplexer分频 frequency division分散定位 distributed channel assignment分散控制方式 decentralized control分散式帧定位信号 distributed frame alignment signal分同步（超同步）卫星 sub-synchronous (super-synchronous) satellite 分谐波 subharmonic分组交换 packet switching分组码 block code分组无线网 packet radio network分组循环分散定位 block cyclic distributed channel assigment分组组装与拆卸 packet assembly and disassembly封闭用户群 closed user group (CUG)峰包功率 peak envelop power峰值 peak value峰值-波纹系数 peak-ripple factor峰值包络检波 peak envelop detection峰值功率 peak power峰值功率等级（移动台的） peak power class (of MS)峰值检波器 peak detector峰值限制 peak limiting蜂窝手持机 cellular handset蜂窝系统 cellular system缝隙天线 slot antenna服务基站 serving BS服务访问点 service access point (SAP)服务弧 service arc服务可保持性 service retainability服务可得到性 service accessibility服务提供部门 service provider服务完善性 service integrity服务小区 serving cell服务易行性 service operability服务支持性 service supportability服务质量 quality of service服务准备时间 service provisioning time符号率 symbol rate幅度检波 amplitude detection幅度量化控制 amplitude quantized cntrol幅度失真 amplitude distortion幅度调制 amplitude modulation (AM)幅频响应 amplitude-frequency response幅相键控 amplitude phase keying (APK)辐射 radiation辐射单元 radiating element辐射方向图 radiation pattern辐射干扰 radiated interference辐射近场区 radiating near-field region辐射能 radiant energy辐射强度 radiation intensity辐射区 radiated area辐射实验场地 radiation test site辐射效率 radiation efficiency辐射源（电磁干扰） emitter (of electromagnetic disturbance) 辐射杂散发射 radiated spurious emission辐射阻抗 radiation impedance俯仰角 pitch angle负极 negative electrode负离子 negative ion负荷容量（过荷点） load capacity (overload point)负逻辑 negative logic负码速调整（负脉冲塞入） negative justification (negative pulse stuffing) 负载调整率 load regulation负阻放大器 negative resistance amplifier负阻效应 negative resistance effect负阻振荡 negative resistance oscillation附加符号 additional character附加位 overhead bit复合音 complex sound复接器 multiplexer复节-分接器 muldex复接制 multiple connection system复位 reset复用转接器 transmultiplexer复帧 multiframe副瓣 minor lobe副瓣电平 minor level覆盖区（一个地面发射台的） coverage area (of a terrestrial transmitting station)G概率 probability概率分布 probability distribution概率信息 probabilistic information概率译码 probabilistic decoding干扰 interference干扰参数 interference parameter干扰限值 limit of interference干扰信号 interfering signal干扰抑制 interfering suppression干扰源 interfering resource干线 trunk line感应近场区 reactive near-field region港口操作业务 port operation service港口电台 port station港口管理系统 harbor management system港口交通管理系统 harbor traffic control system高[低]电平输出电流 high (low)-level output current高[低]电平输出电压 high (low)-level output voltage高波 high-angle ray高层功能 high layer function高层协议 high layer protocol高级数据链路控制规程 high level data link control (HDLC) procedure高级通信业务 advanced communication service高级研究计划署 Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)高级移动电话系统 Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)高频放大器 high frequency amplifier高频提升 high frequency boost高频增益控制 high frequency gain control高斯信道 Gauss channel (AWG)高斯最小频移键控 Guassian minimum shift keying (GMSK)高频制频率时的发射频偏 transmitting frequency deviation of high frequency高通滤波器 highpass filter高温高湿偏置试验 high temperature high humidity biased testing (HHBT) 高温功率老化 burning高温试验 high temperature test告警接收机 warning receiver告警指示信号 alarm indication signal (AIS)戈莱码 Golay code戈帕码 Goppa codes格码调制 trellis codes modulation schemes (TCM)隔离放大器 isolation amplifier个人数字助理 personal digital assistant (PDA)个人电台 personal station (PS)个人电台系统 personal radio system个人识别号码 personal identification number (PIN)个人通信 personal communications个人通信网 personal communication networks (PCN)个人携带电话 personal handy phone (PHP)个人移动性 personal mobility个体接收（在卫星广播业务中） individual reception跟踪保持电路 track and hold circuit跟踪带宽 tracking bandwidth更改地址插入 changed address interception工科医用（的） ISM工科医用频段 ISM frequency band工业干扰 industrial interference工作最高可用频率 operational MUF工作比 duty cycle工作范围 working range工作频率范围 operating frequency range工作站 work station (WS)工作周期 cycle of operation公共分组交换网 public packet switched network公共耦合点 point of common coupling (PCC)公开密匙体制 public key system公路交通管制系统 highway traffic control system公用数据网 public data network公众陆地移动电话网 public land mobile network (PLMN)功能键 function key功能群，功能群令 function group, function grouping功率合成 power synthesis功能控制报文 power control message功率控制电平 power control level功率谱密度 power spectrum density功率损耗 power loss功率因子 power factor供电系统阻抗 supply system impedance共道抑制 co-channel suppression共道信令 co-channel signalling共模电压，不平衡电压 common mode voltage, asymmetrical voltage 共模电流 common mode current共模转换 common code conversion共模干扰 common code interference共模抑制比 common code rejection ratio (CMRR)共模增益 common mode gain共模阻抗 common code impedance共信道再用距离 co-channel re-use distance贡献路线 contribution link固定电台 fixed station固定基地电台 fixed base station固定信道指配 fixed channel assignment固态发射机 solidstate transmitter固有可靠性 inherent reliability固有频差 inherent frequency error故障 fault故障安全 fault safe故障保护 fault protection故障弱化 failsoft故障修复 fault correcting故障原因 fault cause故障准则 fault criteria挂机信号 hang-up signal管理中心 administration center (ADC)广播控制信道（BCCH）划分 BCCH allocation (BA)广播寻呼系统 broadcast paging system广域网 wide area network (WAN)归零码 return to zero code (RZ)归一化的偏置 normalized offset规程 protocol规范 specification规则脉冲激励编码 regular-pulse excitation (RPE)规则脉冲激励长时预测编码 regular-pulse excitation LPC (RPE-LPC)轨道 orbit国际标准 international standard国际单位制 international system of units国际电报电话咨询委员会 CCITT国际电工委员会 IEC国际电信联盟 ITU国际互连网 Internet国际民航组织 ICAO , international civil aviation organization国际通信卫星组织 INTERAT国际海事卫星组织 INMAR-SAT国际无线电干扰特别委员会 CISPR国际无线电干扰委员会 CCIR国际移动识别码 international mobile station equipment identity (IMEI) 国际移动用户识别码 international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)国际原子时间 international automatic time (TAI)国家标准 national standard国家信息基础结构 national information infrastructure (NII)过充电 overcharge过滤带 transition band过放电 overdischarge过荷保护电路 overload protecting circuit过荷分级控制 overload control category过荷控制 overload control过调制 overmodulation过流保护 overcurrent protection过压保护 overvoltage protectionH海岸地球站 coast earth station海岸电台 coast station海事卫星通信 maritime satellite communications汉明距离 Hamming distance汉明码 Hamming code汉明重量 Hamming weight航空地球站 aeronautical earth station航空电台 aeronautical station航空器地球站 aircraft earth station航空器电台 aircraft station航空移动业务 aeronautical mobile service航天器（宇宙飞船） spacecraft毫米波 millimeter wave黑格巴哥码 Hagelbarger code恒比码 constant ratio code恒步的 homochronous恒流电源 constant current power supply恒温恒湿试验 constant temperature and humid test恒压充电 constant voltage charge恒压电源 constant voltage power supply恒电磁波小室 transverse electromagnetic wave cell (TEM cell)喉式传声器 throat microphone后瓣 back hole厚模电路 thick-film circuit呼叫 call呼叫支持 call hold (HOLD)呼叫存储 call store呼叫等待 call waiting (CW)呼叫改发 call redirection呼叫建立 call establishment呼叫建立时间 call set-up time呼叫接通率 percept of call completed呼叫控制信号 call control signal呼叫清除延时 call clearing delay呼叫释放 call release呼叫序列 calling sequence呼叫转移 call transfer (CT)呼救 distress call呼救系统 distress system呼损率 percept of call lost呼通概率 calling probability互补金属氧化物半导体集成电路complementary MOS integrated circuit (COMOS-IC)互连 interworking互连的考虑 interworking consideration互连功能 interworking function (IWF)互调 intermodulation互调产物（一个发射台的） intermodulation products (of a transmitting stastion)互调抗扰性 intermodulation immunity互调失真 intermodulation distortion互通性 interoperability互同步网 mutually synchronized network话路输入电平 voice circuit input level话路输入电平差异 voice circuit input level difference话务量 telephone traffic话音活动检测 voice activity detection (VAD)话音激活 voice exciting话音激活率 speech activity话音数字信令 speech digit signalling话音突发 speech spurt环境试验 environment test环境系数 environment factor环境应力筛选 environment stress screening (ESS)环境躁声 ambient noise环路传输 loop transmission环路高频总增益 loop RF overall gain环路可锁定最底（最高）界限角频率loop lockable minimum (maximum) margin angular frequency 环路滤波器比例系数 loop filter proportion coefficient环路躁声带宽 loop noise bandwidth环路增益 loop gain环路直流总增益 loop DC overall gain环路自然谐振角频率 loop natural resonant angular frequency 环形波 ring wave环形混频器 ring mixer环行器 circulator环行延迟 rounding relay恢复 recovery恢复规程 restoration procedure汇接交换 tandem switching汇接局 tandem office会话（在电信中） conversation (in telecommunication)会话层 session layer会议电话 conference telephone混合ARQ hybrid ARQ混合差错控制 hybrid error control (HEC)混合分集 hybrid diversity混合集成电路 hybrid integrated circuit混合扩频 hybrid spread spectrum混合路径传播 mixed-path propagation混合信道指配 hybrid channel assignment混频器 mixer混频器的寄生响应 mixer spurious response活动模式 active mode“或”门 OR gate“或非”门 NOR gate通信工程专业英语汉英对照(I-L)2008年11月14日星期五 21:11J机壳辐射 cabinet radiation机载电台 aircraft station基本传输损耗（无线线路的） basic transmission loss (of a radio link) 基本接入 basic access基本业务（GSM的） basic service (of GSM)基本越区切换规程 basic handover procedure基本最高可用频率 basic maximun usable frequency基波（分量） fundamental (component)基波系数 fundamental factor基带 baseband基地（海岸）（航空）设备 base (coast)(aeronautical) equipment基地电台 base station (BS)基站控制器 base station controller (BSC)基站识别码 base station identity code (BSIC)基站收发信台 base transceiver station (BTS)基站系统 base station system (BSS)基站区 base station area基准条件 reference condition基准阻抗 reference impedance奇偶校验码 parity check code奇偶校验位 parity bit激活 activation吉尔伯特码 Gilbert code级联码 concatenated code即时业务 demand service急充电 boost charge急剧衰落 flutter fading集成电路 integrated circuit集成电路卡 integrated circuit card集群电话互连 trunked telephone connect集群电话互连器 trunked telephone connector集群基站 trunked base station集群效率 trunking efficiency集群移动电话系统 trunked mobile communication system集体呼叫 group call集体接收（在卫星广播业务中） community reception集中控制方式 centralized control集中式帧定位信号 bunched frame alignment signal计费信息 advice of charge。
外文翻译--无线收发模块
无线收发模块导言无线电的发射器件都工作于射频，因此对器件的要求也较高，一般业余条件下很难完成制作与调试工作，而目前对于无线电技术的应用越来越广泛，尤其对于一些业务无线电爱好者来说，要想拥有所有高频调试的设备几乎是不现实的，因为这些设备价格昂贵。
针对这些实际情况，许多专业生产厂家专门生产了用于无线数据传输的无线收发模块，将对高频部分的安装与调试工作全部在专业生产场所内完成，用户只要为其提供电源和所要发送的编码数据，就可以在接收端的数据输出端得到发送端的原始数据，这样就可以将无线电技术的应用得到推广。
从目前对无线电收发模块的应用来看，主要可分为两大类：调频收发模块和调幅收发模块。
在无线广播、电视、通信、遥控、遥测等装置或系统中,除了采用振幅调制方式(AM)外,还广泛采用频率调制方式(FM)。
下面对这两种调制方式的主要性能进行比较:1.抗干扰性能调频FM的主要优点是它的抗干扰性能强.所谓抗干扰好,主要是指在输入信号噪声比(简称信噪比S/N)相同的条件下,调频接收机输出端的信噪比大于调幅接收机输出端的信噪比。
调频比调幅制的抗干扰能力强的原因可从两种制式的发射信号功率大小进行分析。
调频波的边频分量的功率是从载波功率中分出来的。
调制系数MFM越大,其边频不仅数目多,且幅度增大,这意味着载波功率中转化为边频功率的比例大,而调幅波的边频功率最大仅等于载波功率的一半(当调制指数MAM＝1时)。
因此,调频波比调幅波可以具有更大的边频功率,这意味着它更有能力去克服信道或机内的噪声和干扰。
其次,可从接收信号的调解来进行对比并分析。
由于调幅信号的信息包含在已调幅信号的振幅中(振幅变化与调制信号的振幅成正比),解调用的包络检波(也称振幅检波)器无法抑制寄生调幅干扰；而调频信号的信息则包含在高频振荡的瞬时频率变化上,因此,干扰引起的寄生调幅可通过限幅器(或用有限幅作用的比例鉴频器)去掉。
因此,不管从发射信号的边频功率还是从接收信号的解调进行分析,调频制的抗干扰性能均优于调幅制。
无线调频发射器的毕业设计论文(内有外文翻译资料)
无线调频发射器的设计The Design of Wireless Frequency Modulation Transmitter摘要利用无线通信信道的远距离语音传输业务，是近年来发展很快的一门技术。
由于语音业务对误码不敏感，可以采用调频方式发送信息。
调频发射器可以使音频信息传送到附近的任意FM接收机。
本设计中使用AT89S52控制调频发射的频率，选择了数码管显示发射的频率状态。
选择了ROHM BH1415F集成电路产生调频调制发射信号的频率。
芯片的主要特征:体积小，准确性高，而且容易产生发射频率。
这个系统的各个部分可以进行深入的独立设计研究，现在把它们组合成一个典型的调频发射系统。
本设计使用模拟调频技术，在88MHz--98MHz的频段上，实现了线路输入语音信号的小功率远距离单工发送。
系统发射功率大约20mW，发射距离大于20m，本系统可实现无明显失真的语音传输。
关键词：调频；语音传输；ROHM BH1415ABSTRACTThe remote audio service code through wireless communication channels is a fast developing technology in recent years. As the audio service code is not sensitive to the mistaken code, the frequency modulation can be used to send information.The FM Transmitter will allow almost any audio source to be transmitted to any nearby FM receiver. The A T89S52 to be used to control the transmission frequency.The LED was chosen, providing enough space for all output situations. The ROHM BH1415F integrated circuit was chosen to create the frequency modulated audio output signal. Chip features include: small size, accuracy, and easily programmed transmission frequency. These system components have been thoroughly researched separately and are now in the process of being integrated to produce a working prototype FM Transmitter. The simulating frequency modulation technique was adopted in the design .In the frequency interval of 88MHz---98 MHz, the audio signals can be sent out and received with the small power in a long distance .The emissive power of the system is about 20mW and the emissive distance is more than 20m.There is no obvious distortion in the audio transmission.Key Words：frequency modulation；audio transmission；ROHM BH1415F目录1 引言 (1)1.1 通信的发展 (1)1.2 广播的发展现状 (1)1.3 设计思路 (2)2系统概述 (3)2.1 系统功能要求 (3)2.2系统组成 (3)3 方案论证与比较 (5)3.1 无线调频发射电路设计方案论证与选择 (5)3.2 压控振荡器方案论证与选择 (6)4 系统硬件电路的设计 (7)4.1 单片机控制电路 (7)4.1.1 内部结构 (7)4.1.2 引脚功能 (9)4.2 调频调制发射电路 (11)4.2.1 调频调制电路的特点 (11)4.2.2 结构图 (11)4.2.3 允许的最大值 (12)4.2.4 工作范围 (12)4.2.5 调频调制发射电路的组成 (12)4.3 键盘部分 (14)4.3.1 单片机键盘和键盘接口概述 (14)4.3.2 单片机键盘接口和键功能的实现 (15)4.4 LC振荡电路 (16)4.5 调频放大电路 (17)4.6 电源模块设计 (17)4.6.1 单元电源电路设计 (17)4.6.2 直流稳压电源的检测 (17)5 系统程序的设计 (18)5.1 主程序 (18)5.2 延时子程序 (19)5.3 LED动态扫描子程序 (19)5.4 频率数据转换子程序 (19)5.5 控制命令合成子程序 (19)5.6 BH1415F字节写入子程序 (20)5.7 查键子程序 (21)6 系统调试及性能分析 (23)6.1 硬件调试 (23)6.2 软件调试 (23)6.3 发射频率的调试 (23)6.4 性能分析 (23)结论 (24)参考文献 (25)附录1：原理图 (26)附录2：程序源代码 (28)附录3：英文原文 (41)附录4：中文译文 (52)致谢 (59)1 引言1.1 通信的发展人类社会的发展可视为一部信息传播技术的发展史。
无线通信毕业设计外文翻译
Wireless communicationModern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems.First, radio has created generations of excellence in the worldFifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry, remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a new discipline. Radio electronics, wireless communications began e-world journey. Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also from popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio radio; report issued from the radio amateur radio stations; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. Became popular youth radio technology, science and technology education is the most popular and most extensive content. So far, many of the older generation of engineers, experts, Professor of the year are radio enthusiasts. Fun radio technology, radio technology, comprehensive training, from basic principles of electronics, electronic components to the radio-based remote control, telemetry, remote electronic systems, has trained several generations of technological excellence.Second, from the popularity of the radio era to era of electronic technologyThe early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor electronictechnology. Semiconductor technology to realize the active device miniaturization and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas. The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the modern electronic technology leap from discrete electronics into the era of era of integrated circuits. Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system. They freed the design of the circuit unit dedicated to system design, greatly liberating the productive forces of science and technology, promote the wider spread of electronic systems. Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough. A large number of digitallogic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registers, and analog switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electronic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to mechanical engineering in the field of digital control systems, testing in the field of information collection, movement of electrical mechanical servo drive control object. Semiconductor and integrated circuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology as the field of electronic technology a part of. 70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated circuit appeared to promote the conventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development. Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electronic clocks, calculators, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work. Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineers to reduce the difficulty, but at the same time, radio technology, electronic technology has weakened the charm. The development of semiconductor integrated circuits classical electronic systems are maturing, remain in the large scale integrated circuit other thanthe shrinking of electronic technology, electronic technology is not the old days of radio fun times and comprehensive engineering training.Third, from the classic era of electronic technology to modern electronic technology of the times80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most important revolution in the computer. The computer revolution in the most important sign is the birth of the computer embedded applications. Modern computer numerical requirements should be born. A long period of time, is to develop the massive computer numerical duty. But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electronic control, they want development to meet the control object requirements of embedded applications, computer systems. If you meet the massive data-processing computer system known as general-purpose computer system, then the system can be the embedded object (such as ships, aircraft, motorcycles, etc.) in a computer system called the embedded computer. Clearly, both the direction of technology development are different. The former requires massive data storage, handling, processing and analysis of high-speed data transmission; while the latter requires reliable operation in the target environment, the external physical parameters on high-speed acquisition, analysis and processing logic and the rapid control of external objects. It will add an early general-purpose computer data acquisition unit, the output driver circuit reluctance to form a heat treatment furnace temperature control system. This general-purpose computer system is not possible for most of the electronic system used, and to make general-purpose computer system meets the requirements of embedded applications, will inevitably affect the development of high-speed numeric processing. In order to solve the contradiction between the development of computer technology, in the 20th century 70s, semiconductor experts another way, in full accordance with the electronic systemembedded computer application requirements, a micro-computer's basic system on a chip, the formation of the early SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer). After the advent of single chip in the computer industry began to appear in the general-purpose computer systems and embedded systems the two branches. Since then, both the embedded system, or general-purpose computer systems have been developed rapidly.Although the early general-purpose computer converted the embedded computer systems, and real embedded system began in the emergence of SCM. Because the microcontroller is designed specifically for embedded applications, the MCU can only achieve embedded applications. MCU embedded applications that best meet environmental requirements, for example, chip-level physical space, large-scale integrated circuits low-cost, good peripheral interface bus and outstanding control of instruction. A computer system microcontroller core, embedded electronic systems, intelligent electronic systems for the foundation. Therefore, the current single chip electronic system in widespread use of electronic systems to enable rapid transition to the classical modern intelligent electronic systems.Forth, single chip to create the modern era of electronic systems.A microcontroller and embedded systems Embedded computer systems from embedded applications, embedded systems for early general-purpose computer adapted to the object system embedded in a variety of electronic systems, such as the ship's autopilot, engine monitoring systems. Embedded system is primarily a computer system, followed by it being embedded into the object system, objects in the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, embedded system computer does not have an independent form and function of the computer. SCM is entirely in accordance with the requirements of embedded system design, so SCM is the most typical embedded systems. SCM is the early application of technical requirements in accordance with the design of embedded computer chip integration, hence the name single chip. Subsequently, the MCU embedded applications to meet the growing demands of its control functions and peripheral interface functions, in particular, highlight the control function, so has international name the single chip microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit).2 MCU modern electronic systems consisting of electronic systems will become mainstreamMCU is a device-level computer systems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. Small to micro-machinery, such as watches,hearing aids.Low-cost integrated device-level, low-to a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go. SCM constitutes a modern electronic systems has in-depth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, security systems, and air conditioners. SCM innovation the original electronic systems, such as microwave ovens use SCM, it can easily set the clock, the program memory, power control; air conditioner after use of SCM is not only convenient for remote parameter setting, running automatically transform, frequency control can be achieved.At present, many household appliances such as VCD, DVD only single chip to achieve its function may occur before. 3 Embedded Systems led the entire electronics industry Current electronic components industry, in addition to microprocessors, embedded system devices, the most modern electronic systems around the supporting components industries, such as keys used to meet the human-computer interaction, LED / LCD display drivers, LED / LCD display units, voice integrated device, etc., to meet the requirements of data acquisition channel digital sensor, ADC, data acquisition module, signal conditioning modules to meet the servo drive control in the DAC, solid state relays, stepper motor controller, frequency control unit, etc., to meet the communication requirements various bus driver, level converters. Electronic components in the embedded systems world, driven by embedded applications along fully meet requirements of modern electronic systems development. This makes the original classic world of increasingly small electronic systems. Practitioners in the various electronic systems to modern electronic systems as early as possible to stay.Fifth, SCM will create a new generation of electronic elite.If the 50's, radio has created several generations of the world elite, then today's SCM will create a new generation of e-world elite. A single chip with you to the intelligent electronics If we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern electronic systems is a "life" of the electronic system. Application System of hardware, electronic systems, "body", microcontroller applications, the applicationgives it "life." For example, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system self-test results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of stand-by state, equipment run-time display running processes, work can be displayed after the end of the current results, self results, raw data, reports and other various processing. Unattended, it can run automatically given a variety of functions. Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware resources can achieve all kinds of renovated function. It is also present in many household appliances feature a large number of additional factors. 2 single chip computer with you to the industrial area The 21st century is the century of humanity into the computer age, many people are not used in the manufacture of computer is the computer. People using the computer, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal computer system hardware and software systems, can we truly understand the nature of the computer's intelligence and grasp the knowledge of intelligent design. MCU applications starting from the learning technology applications in today's computer software training, hardware and technical personnel of one of the best roads. 3 SCM bring you into the most attractive in the digital world Charming single chip to enable you to experience the true meaning of the computer, you can design intelligent microcontroller hands-on toys, different applications can be designed to achieve different functions. Both software design and hardware making there, both mental and physical, but also hands. Primary level can develop intelligent toys, with macro programming. Intermediate levels can develop some intelligent controller, such as computer mouse, smart cars, all kinds of remote control model. High levels can be developed robots, such as robot soccer, the development of industrial control units, network communications, and high-levellanguage with assembly language or design application. Microcontroller and embedded systems around the formation of the future of the electronics industry, will provide a vast world of electronic fans, an even broader than the current wireless world, richer, more durable, more attractive in the digital world. Plunge into the microcontroller in the world to, will benefit your life.MCU AttacksCurrently, there are four single chip attack technique, namely: (1) software attack The technology is commonly used processor communication interface and use protocol, encryption algorithm or the algorithm of security vulnerabilities to attack. The success of software attack is a typical example of the early ATMEL AT89C MCU attacks. Attacker single chip erase operation of the timing design flaw, erase the encryption used by ourselves locked in place, the next stop on-chip program memory data erase operation, thus bringing into too close a single chip SCM not encrypted, and then use the programmer to read out chip program. (2) electronic detection of attacks The technology is usually a high time resolution to monitor the processor during normal operation of all power and interface simulation features, and by monitoring the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of it to attack. Because SCM is an active electronic device, when it executes a different command, the corresponding changes in the power consumption accordingly. This through the use of special electronic measuring instruments and mathematical statistical analysis and detection of these changes, you can access key information specific microcontroller.(3) fault generation technology Abnormal working conditions of the technology used to make the processor errors, and provide additional access to attack. Produce the most widely used means of attack, including the fault of the impact and the clock voltage shock. Low voltage and high voltage protection circuit attack can be used to prohibit the work of processor execution errors or enforcement action. Clock transition may reset the transient protection circuit will not damage the protected information. Power and clock transients transition effects in certain single-processor instruction decoding and execution. (4) probe This technology is directly exposed to chip connection, and then observe, manipulate, interfere with single chip to achieve the attack purpose. For convenience, these four people will attack techniques are divided into two categories is theintrusion type attack (physical attack), such attack requires destruction of package, then use semiconductor test equipment, microscopes and micro-positioning device, in a special laboratory spend hours or even weeks to complete. All of the micro-probe techniques are invasive type attack. The other three methods are non-invasive type attack, attack the MCU will not be physical damage. In some cases, non-invasive-type attacks are particularly dangerous, but because of non-invasive type attacks can usually be made and the necessary equipment to upgrade, so it is cheap. Most non-invasive type attack requires the attacker have a good knowledge of processors and software knowledge. In contrast, the invasive type of probe do not need too much of the initial attack of knowledge, and usually a set of similar technology available to deal with a wide range of productsMCU general process of invasion-type attackInvasive type of attack is thrown off its first chip package. There are two ways to achieve this goal: the first one is completely dissolved out chip package, exposed metal connections. The second is only removed to the top of the plastic package silicon core. The first method is the need to bind to the test fixture on the chip, using bind Taiwan to operate. The second method requires the attacker in addition to a certain degree of knowledge and necessary skills, but also the wisdom and patience, but operate relatively easy. Above the plastic chips can be opened with a knife, epoxy around the chip can be eroded by concentrated nitric acid. Hot concentrated nitric acid will dissolve out without affecting the chip, chip packaging and connection. This process usually very dry conditions, because the presence of water may erode the aluminum wire connections have been exposed. Then, in ultrasonic cleaning of the pool first chip with acetone to remove residual nitric acid, then washed with water to remove salt and dried. No ultrasound pool, are generally skip this step. This case, the chip surface, a bit dirty, but do not affect the operation of UV effects on the chip. The final step is to find the location of the protection fuse and fuse protection under exposure to UV light. General use at least a 100 times magnification microscope, from the programming voltage input pin of the connection tracking in, to find protection fuse. If there is no microscope, theuse of different parts of the chip is exposed to ultraviolet light and observe the results under the simple search mode. Operation applied opaque paper cover to protect the program memory chips are not erased by ultraviolet light. Will protect the fuse exposed under UV light 5 to 10 minutes to destroy the protection bit of the protective effect, use a simple programmer can directly read the contents of program memory. The use of the protective layer to protect the MCU EEPROM cell, using ultraviolet light reset protection circuit is not feasible. For this type of MCU, the general use of micro-probe technology to read the memory contents. In the chip package is opened, the chip placed under the microscope can easily find from the memory circuit connected to other parts of the data bus. For some reason, the chip lock-bit programming mode is not locked in the memory of the visit. Advantage of this flaw on the data lines to probe the above data can be read all you want. In programming mode, restart the process of reading and connect probe to the other data can be read online program and data memory, all of the information. There is also a possible means of attack is the use of microscopy and laser cutting machines and other equipment to find the fuse protection to this part of the circuit tracing and linking all the signal lines. Because of the design defects, so long as cut off from other circuit protection fuse to a one signal line, you can ban the entire protection. For some reason, this thread is very far from the other line, so the use of laser cutting machine can cut the wire without affecting the adjacent line. In this way, using a simple programmer can directly read the contents of program memory. Although the most common single chip microcontroller has fuse blown inside the code protection features, but because of general low-end MCU is not positioning the production of safe products, so they often do not provide targeted preventive measures and the low level of security. MCU applications with a broad, large sales volume, commission processing and transfer of technology between firms frequently spilled a lot oftechnical data, making use of loopholes in the design of such chips and test interface manufacturer, and by modifying the invasive type fuse protection bits, etc. means of attack or invasion-type attack to read MCU's internal procedureshave become easier.About common single chipSTC microcontroller STC's mainly based on the 8051 microcontroller core is a new generation of enhanced MCU, the instruction code is fully compatible with the traditional 8051, 8 to 12 times faster, with ADC, 4 Road, PWM, dual serial ports, a global unique ID, encryption of good, strong anti-interference. PIC Microcontroller: MICROCHIP's products is its prominent feature is a small, low power consumption, reduced instruction set, interference, reliability, strong analog interface, the code of confidentiality is good, most of the chip has its compatibleFLASH program memory chips. EMC SCM: Elan's products in Taiwan, with much of the PIC 8-bit microcontroller compatible, and compatible products, resources, compared to the PIC's more, cheap, there are many series of options, but less interference. ATMEL microcontroller (MCU 51): ATMEl company's 8-bit microcontroller with AT89, AT90 two series, AT89 series is the 8-bit Flash microcontroller 8051 is compatible with the static clock mode; AT90 RISC MCU is to enhance the structure, all static methods of work, containing the line can be Flash MCU programming, also known A VR microcontroller. PHLIPIS 51PLC Microcontroller (MCU 51): PHILIPS company's MCU is based on the 80C51 microcontroller core, embedded power-down detection, simulation and on-chip RC oscillator and other functions, which makes 51LPC in highly integrated, low cost, low power design to meet various applications performance requirements. HOLTEK SCM: Sheng Yang, Taiwan Semiconductor's single chip, cheap more categories, but less interference for consumer products. TI company microcontroller (MCU 51):Texas Instruments MSP430 provides the TMS370 and two series of general-purpose microcontroller. TMS370 MCU is the 8-bit CMOS MCU with a variety of storage mode, a variety of external interface mode, suitable for real-time control of complex situations; MSP430 MCU is a low power, high functionality integrated 16-bit low-power microcontroller, especially for applications that require low power consumption occasions Taiwan Sonix's single, mostly 8-bit machines, some with PIC 8-bit microcontroller compatible, cheap, the system clock frequency may be more options there PMW ADC internal noise filtering within the vibration. Shortcomings RAM space is too small, better anti-interference.无线通信从无线电世界到单片机世界现代计算机技术的产业革命,将世界经济从资本经济带入到知识经济时代。
无线电力传输外文文献翻译
无线电力传输外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Weaver, Bill. " Can't Touch This: Wireless power transmission." 26.3(2009).英文原文Can't touch this - wireless power transmissionWilliam L. WeaverA few years ago, a colleague and I participated in a field trip project organized by the college student group to study the West Orange at the Edison National Historic Site in New Jersey. We visited with the public and participated in a laboratory set up inside a building to understand the development of incandescent light bulbs and film technology. However, what impressed me most was the two complex additional functions.First, it is a research library equipped with all publications of the then US Patent Office. Representatives of scientists and engineers are concerned that marketable products may be useful in creating new technologies. The university is a great place to discover science and technology with it, but Edison's laboratory exists as a company. In the late 19th century, there was no internet connection, so the library took up the laboratory's information repository. Just like today, when the researchers needed information about chemical reactions, a mathematical formula or their most advanced engineering solution and consulted the currentliterature, it was only through paper at the time.By simplifying the adoption of standards, this process is further simplified by the rapid adoption of standards. Since most of the tools and equipment can be developed locally, they can deploy their own standards and create the facility on a multi-acre campus.One of these criteria is the method of distribution of power. The final known power supply for grid development is the famous Edison bulb. The tools used in the early Edison lab were a long axis of rotation like a rear-wheel drive automobile driveshaft made up of a universal cable shaft or a marine vessel. The propeller shaft disperses the potential energy of the entire plant in the form of mechanical energy generated by the boiler.A belt and a simple clutch system are connected to the line shaft and the strength of the lever is enhanced by using a surrounding shaft belt. Over time, the belt was worn out due to excessive friction. However, this technology provides a less complex power distribution method than earlier high-pressure steam and hydraulic systems.Over time, as well as the development of electrical and electronic equipment, high-voltage power supplies and more distribution standards must be used in our production plants, offices and homes in the near future. In the United States, the electricity generated is 60 Hz and is eventually produced at a nominal voltage between 120, 240 and 480 volts.A typical power outlet is specified to accommodate 15 amps of currentand is equipped with three familiar prongs, a vertical and U-shaped ground pin consisting of two paddles. Forward-looking retailers make pins of different shapes and orientations to prevent other incompatible devices from connecting. Unless there are not enough power outlets, plugs or extension cords, the standard three-hole power cord is a ubiquitous device to "plug in" the power distribution system.With the continuous development of technology, mobile and handheld devices we currently have are booming, so battery companies will follow. Physically connecting these small devices to the grid will seriously affect their functionality. It is for this reason that they should exhaust their own power supplies or produce rechargeable batteries. Battery manufacturers quickly develop their own industry standards, including "AA" and "C" units, to reduce the confusion that consumers may have when replacing batteries.Although transistor radios and toy sensors were popular at the beginning of the year, single-use chemical batteries could not provide enough current for devices such as laptops, smart phones and personal entertainment games that have complicated computational requirements. Their rechargeable batteries are incorporated into the equipment and rarely need to be replaced by the user. These device manufacturers can choose how the battery is manufactured, such as size, battery life, and internal configuration capabilities of the device components. This featureof the battery has given manufacturers' industrial designers more rights to differentiate their products in style, look and feel.However, the disadvantage of rechargeable batteries is that they eventually still need to be charged. We can easily connect to the power supply via an AC/DC power adapter. However, it is more difficult to connect the battery to the adapter or "charger" because each battery manufacturer is free to design the battery's shape and interface. what? In the lovely 100-year-old innovation after this, it did not change with the mode it should have.A conspiracy theory may indicate that portable device manufacturers admit that battery chargers are a lucrative source of income. Similar bubble jet printer manufacturers rely on the consumption of ink in the device as a sales channel to make up for the difference between the selling price and the cost. Users pay $25 to $100 to replace the damaged or missing power adapter, which cancels out a service. The "real cost of freedom" in a planned or low-cost laptop phone. An innocent non-conspiratorial theory may be related to the 2000 (Y2K) problem. Programmers wou ldn’t expect much trouble for this device made in a two-digit year to create for the future, and few portable device designers may expect to consume laptops, mobile phones, MP3 players, and digital cameras today. The number of people. These functions may eventually be provided by an independent "super smartphone", but at present,individual charger users are still inconvenient. Chargers also have similar, incompatible problems between devices, and users may cause exchanges to rise or lose devices. If you are using your fifth mobile phone, it is very likely that there will be four outdated chargers on your garage's work bench.In February this year, the European Union Telecommunications Authority (CEPT) and the subsequent European Union (EU) jointly authorized the establishment of the Publicis Group Special Mobile Association (GSMA), which was developed in 2012 as a standard for use by mobile phones. Micro USB interface charger specification. In addition to making the user more convenient, this specification has also been applied to the recycling of discarded adapters. Although it is not aimed at the standardization of adapters between different mobile devices, it seems to be a good start.However, imagine that if the AC/DC adapter is completely eliminated. This is the future of wireless energy transfer. Nikola Tesla first published his utility in 1893. Inductively coupled transformers use wireless technology to replace an ordinary power adapter, correcting the drawbacks of the DC voltage required to charge the two inductive coils of an inductively coupled transformer supplied by an AC outlet. Unfortunately, as the distance between the transmitter and receiver increases, the inductance effect quickly diminishes and is often affectedby interference. In other recent developments, Professor Malinsoor and his colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology recently developed inductive coupling coils that can be tuned to specific resonant frequencies to overcome these limitations. This improves the understanding of the coupling efficiency of the power supply and reduces the interference around other devices or between coils in other indifferent locations. It is called eCoupled technology.While taking advantage of the high efficiency of the Witricity Resonance Sensing, the eCoupled system, including the sender and receiver, does not include the switching of a metal device or device of the RFID chip into sleep mode. The additional data services are robust and canonical communications, and will automatically power off when the battery is full. If widely adopted, wireless power transmission will be listed as a public service facility. Imagine eCoupled transmitters are simple when it comes to using new standards that are used to spur their own, usually using two main methods. To the new standard, there are usually two main methods used to promote its development. The first is a strong regulatory code. Second, inventing a technology that allows manufacturers to imitate and make it widely popular is powerful, but I prefer the latter's non-intervention method.中文译文不能触碰这个—无线电力传输William L. Weaver几年前, 一个同事和我参加在校大学生团体的组织的一个实地考察项目, 考察地位于新泽西州的爱迪生国家历史遗址的西橙。
单工无线发射接收系统中期报告ok
年 月 日
指导教师的建议与要求：
指导教师签字：
年月日
注：本表格同毕业设计（论文）一同装订成册，由所在单位归档保存。
现在正在完成电路的制作及相关的设计
论文草稿已经编写完毕，论文的进一步编写正在进行
2、存在的具体问题
虽然查阅大量的相关资料，已经对单工无线发射接收系统了解，对单工无线发射接收系统电路及其原理进行了分析。但是由于实际动手能力比较欠缺，在实际电路的焊接和调试过程中遇到一些问题。
由于本设计是高频电子线路方面，电路调试输出电路要有电路调试的环境，受实际调试环境的影响教大，在实际调试过程中有一定的Байду номын сангаас难。
级学生毕业设计（论文）中期报告
系别
班级
学生
姓名
指导
教师
课题名称：单工无线发射接收系统
简述开题以来所做的具体工作、取得的进展及下一步主要工作：
1、开题以来所做的具体工作和取得的进展或成果
经过查阅大量的相关资料，已经对单工无线发射接收机设计有了一个清晰深入的了解，对单工无线发射接收系统电路及其原理进行了详细分析。对无线发射电路以及无线接收机电路的单元电路都进行了详细的分析。
3、下一步的主要研究任务，具体设想与安排
离毕业设计论文答辩还有一个月的时间，在这段时间内尽可能多的上网或者到图书馆查阅资料，学习更多的经验和教训。完成硬件设计，电路调试出结果，制作一个实用的无线发射接收系统。编写论文，准备答辩资料，完成论文的进一步修改和完善。争取按期完成全部实物的调试及论文答辩工作。
毕业设计(论文)-无线发射和接收的通信系统[管理资料]
![毕业设计(论文)-无线发射和接收的通信系统[管理资料]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/974e2b0c700abb68a882fb38.png)
本科毕业论文无线发射和接收的通信系统Transmitting and Receiving Wireless Communication System系（院）名称：计算机科学与信息工程系专业班级： 10届计算机科学与技术(专升本) 学生姓名：学生学号：指导教师姓名：指导教师职称：讲师2010 年 5 月毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。
尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得安阳工学院及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。
对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
作者签名：日期：指导教师签名：日期：使用授权说明本人完全了解安阳工学院关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。
作者签名：日期：无线发射和接收的通信系统摘要:随着通信和信息技术的不断发展，有线通信已经远远不能满足人们的需要，因此无线传输技术的应用越来越广，渐渐的被各行各业所接受，替代以往的有线通信。
无线通信是利用电磁波信号可以在自由空间中传播的特性进行信息交换的一种通信方式，近些年信息通信领域中，发展最快、应用最广的就是无线通信技术。
在移动中实现的无线通信又通称为移动通信，人们把二者合称为无线移动通信。
近十几年来，随着移动通信技术飞速发展，越来越多的信息采集和远程控制系统采用了无线数据传送技术，它与有线数据传输相比主要有布线成本低、安装简便、便于移动的优点，而且随着互联网技术的迅猛发展和快速普及，越来越多的基于单片机为微控制器的的测控设备或智能仪器仪表都需要通过无线设备进行数据的交换或传输。
中英文文献翻译—433MHz单片射频无线收发芯片nRF401
英文资料中文翻译433MHz单片射频无线收发芯片nRF401特性：●采用FSK调制单片收发芯片●只需少数外围元件●无需建立配置●无需数据编码●传输速率最高可达20kbit/s●双频道切换●应用范围广泛●功率损耗低●可选待机模式应用：●安全防火系统●自动计量、读取器●家庭自动化●遥控●监视●车用●遥感勘测●玩具●无线通信概述nRF401是一种可靠的超高频单片无线收发芯片，用于国际通用的数传频段433MHz。
它的特性是FSK调制和FSK解调。
nRF401工作速度可达20kbit/s，最大输出功率能达到10dBm。
天线接口是一组差动的、低成本PCB天线。
nRF401的特性之一是采用待机模式，它存储容易且有效。
nRF401使用+3～+5V直流电源。
作为一种主应用产品，nRF401符合欧洲电信协会标准规则，被计划用于超高频无线设备。
nRF401快速参考数据表1 nRF401快速参考数据nRF401资料排序表2 nRF401资料排序框图图1 nRF401外围元件框图引脚功能表3 引脚功能电气规范条件：VDD=±3V DC， VSS=0V， TA=-25℃～+85℃表4 电气规范绝对最大额定值：电源电压VDD：-0.3～+6V VSS：0V输入电压VI：-0.3～VDD+0.3V输出电压Vo: -0.3～VDD+0.3V电源损耗PD (TA=25℃):250mA温度工作状态温度-25℃～+85℃待机状态温度-40℃～+125℃附注：应力超过额定值可能对装置引起永久性破坏。
注意：禁止用手接触静电敏感装置。
引脚分配图2 引脚分配封装外型nRF401，20脚SSOIC封装。
（单位：毫米）图3 SSOIC-20封装外型主要计时数据定时信息不同工作状态下的时间延迟见表5。
(TX为发射模式、RX为接收模式、std.by为待机模式)表5 nRF401定时信息概括发射模式和接收模式间的转换在发射接收控制输入端为高电平，至少在1ms前，接收模式向发射模式转换时，数据不能被发送。
单工无线语音信息收发系统的设计与制作
单工无线语音信息收发系统的设计与制作摘要：本系统基于单片机，使用模拟调频技术，设计了单工无线呼叫数据阐述系统。
在30~40M频率上，实现了话筒输入和线路输入语音信号的小功率单工传发与接收。
关键词：单工无线模拟调制技术Abstract: Based on MCU, a simplex wireless data transimit system is designed by analog frequency modulation technique. In the frequency of interval of 30~40MHz, transmit by small power that voice signals are inputted through microphone and line is realised.Key words: simplex wireless call，frequency modulation1.系统方案论证与比较1.1调制方式选择调试方式有模拟调制方式与数字调制方式。
模拟调制方式：普通调幅（AM）双边带调幅（DSB）单边带调幅（SSB）频率调制（FM）相位调制（PM）等下表1是各种模拟调制方式性能比较表1平相位调制（MPSK）多电平正交振幅调制（MQAM）新型的相位连续的最小频移键控（MSK）等。
比，接受灵敏度。
1.2数字模块选择单片机显示器1.3 系统设计原理1.3.1 发射机设计原理图1 发射机系统框图预加重电路图2图3预加重频率特性1.3.2 接收机设计原理图4 接收机原理框图1.3.3 单片机控制系统设计原理图5 单片机控制系统框图2.硬件电路设计2.1发射机设计 2.1.1输入放大电路图6 输入放大电路在本电路中，话筒放大器同相放大100倍左右，混合线路放大反相放大7倍左右本电路有晶体振荡器（电容三点式），倍频器（2倍频），二级放大器（高频谐振功率放大器），T型低通网络（消除丙类功放谐波分量）组成。
红外发射和接收电路设计外文翻译
外文文献原稿和译文原稿IntroductionInfrared remote control system is mainly composed by the remote control transmitter, integrated receiver head, microcontroller, interface circuit shown in Figure 1. The remote control is used to generate the remote encoder pulse drive infrared emission control output of the infrared remote control signal, the remote control receiver on the remote control signal amplification, detection, shaping, demodulation remote encoder pulse. The remote control encoder pulse is a serial binary code for the infrared remote control system, the serial code input to the microcontroller, its internal CPU instruction decode on the remote control, and perform remote control functions. Using the remote control as the input of the control system, we need to address the following key questions: how to receive the infrared remote control signal; how to identify the infrared remote control signal, and decoding software design, design of control procedures.SCM historySCM was born in 1971, has gone through three major phases of the SCM, the MCU SoC.It consists of computing device, controller, memory, input output devices.Its full name is a single-chip microcomputer, is typical of embedded micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), the commonly used letters of the abbreviation MCU single-chip, and it was first used in the field of industrial control.Master microcontroller technology to enable more people in the industry, students, enthusiasts, product developers, the question arose due to the extensive application of SCM in the field of industrial control, microcontroller development board, the more famous such as e-DZR-01A microcontroller development board.Microcontroller chip dedicated processor developed from the CPU.The firstdesign concept by a large number of peripherals and CPU integrated in a single chip, the computer system is smaller, more easily integrated into complex and require strict control equipment on the volume.Single-chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not the completion of a logical function of the chip, but a computer system integrated onto one chip.Equivalent to a mini-computer and computer, microcontroller only the lack of I / O devices.SCM rely on the program is running, and can be modified.Different functions through different programs, especially the special unique function, which is the other devices require much effort to do, while others make great efforts it is difficult to do.A not very complex functions using pure hardware to get the words of the 1950s developed 74 series, or 60 during the CD4000 series, the circuit must be a big PCB board!If successful on the market in the United States in the 1970s series of microcontrollers, the result will be different!Just because a program written by the MCU through you can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability!Microcontroller for cost sensitive, so accounting for the dominance of the software or the lowest level assembly language, which is the lowest level than binary machine code language, since such low-level why use it?A lot of high-level language has reached a level of visual programming, why not?The reason is simple, is the microcontroller does not have a home computer as the CPU, also not as hard as mass storage devices.A visual high-level language to write small programs inside even if there is only one button, will reach tens of K of size!Nothing in terms of home PC's hard drive, but for SCM in terms of is not acceptable.SCM in the utilization of hardware resources must be high, so the compilation of the original while still in heavy use.The same reason, if the computer giant's operating system and application software to get home PC run up to the home PC can not afford.It can be said that the twentieth century across the three "power" era of the electrical era, the electronic age and has now entered the computer age.However, such a computer, usually refers to a personal computer, or PC.It is by the host, keyboard, monitor, and so on.Another type of computer, not how most people are familiar with.This computer is smart to give a variety of mechanical microcontroller(also known as micro-controller).The name suggests, the smallest of this computer system using only one IC to make a simple calculation and control.Because of its small, usually hidden in a controlled mechanical "stomach".Throughout the device, it plays like the role of the human mind, it is wrong, the entire device was paralyzed.Now, this single chip field of use has a very wide, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, home appliances and so on.A variety of products using the SCM, you can play the effect of product upgrades, often preceded by an adjective in front of the product name - "smart", such as smart washing machines.Some factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of certain products, not the circuit is too complicated, too simple and can easily be imitation.The reason may be stuck in the product does not use a microcontroller or other programmable logic devices.Microcontroller applicationsMCU to infiltrate all areas of life, almost difficult to find which areas of the microcontroller trail.Navigation device of the missile, aircraft, various instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation and process real-time control and data processing, widely used smart card IC, civil luxury car security system, VCR,cameras, the control of automatic washing machines, and program-controlled toys, electronic pets, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller.Not to mention the field of automatic control, robotics, intelligent instruments, medical equipment.Therefore, the learning, development and application of the SCM will create a number of computer applications and intelligent control of the scientists, engineers.The microcontroller is widely used in the field of instrumentation, home appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, equipment for the intelligent management and process control, generally can be divided into the following categories:1. On smart instrumentationThe microcontroller has a small size, low power consumption, and control functions, and expansion of the advantages of flexibility, miniaturization and easy to use, widely used in instrumentation, combined with different types of sensors can berealized such as voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature,flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elements, pressure and other physical measurement.SCM makes the digital instrumentation, intelligent, miniaturization and more powerful function than the use of electronic or digital circuits.Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, analyzer).2.In industrial control applicationsMCU can constitute various forms of control systems, data acquisition systems.Such as factory assembly line of intelligent pipe3.in Household AppliancesIt can be said of home appliances is basically using the MCU control, electric rice praise, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TVs, and other audio video equipment, then the electronic weighing equipment, varied, omnipresent.4.in the field of computer networks and communicationModern microcontroller with universal communication interface can be easily and computer data communications, provides excellent material for use in computer networks and communication devices, communication equipment basically to the MCU intelligent control from themobile phones, telephones, small program-controlled switchboards, building automated communications call systems, train radio communications, and then to the ubiquitous mobile phones in their daily work, trunking mobile communication radios.5.Chip in the field of medical equipmentThe microcontroller uses in medical devices is also quite extensive, such as medical ventilator, a variety of analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds call system and so on.6.Modular applications in a variety of large appliancesSome dedicated microcontroller designed for specific functions, modular applications in a variety of circuit, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure.Integrated single-chip, such as music, seemingly simple function, miniature pure electronic chip (as opposed to the principle of the tape drive), you need a complex similar to the principle of the computer.Such as: themusic signal in digital form in memory (similar to the ROM), read by the microcontroller into analog music signal (similar to the sound card).In large circuits, this modular application greatly reduce the size, simplifying the circuit, reducing the damage, error rate, is also convenient to replace.7.Chip in the field of automotive equipmentThe microcontroller is widely used in automotive electronics, such as automotive engine controllers, intelligent electronic controller based on CAN bus automotive engine, GPS navigation system, abs anti-lock systems, braking systems, etc..In addition, the microcontroller business, finance, scientific research, education, defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications, microcontroller development prospects are very objective.Speaking in general terms: the MCU's small size, light weight, inexpensive, and provide favorable conditions for learning, application and development.At the same time, learning to use the microcontroller is the best choice for the understanding of computer theory and structure.SCM is the best choice for people to study and application of related technologies.Master chip AT89S51The AT89S51 ATMEL Corporation in the United States low-power, high-performance CMOS8 bit microcontroller, on-chip containing 4k bytes of system programming of flash read-only program memory, the device using ATMEL high density nonvolatile memory technology to produce compatiblestandard 8051 instruction set and pin.It combines the Flash program memory can Programming (ISP) can also be used the traditional method of programming and general-purpose 8-bit microprocessor on a single chip.Features OverviewAT89S51 provides the following standard features: 4k bytes of Flash flash memory, 128 bytes of internal RAM, 32 I / O port lines, Watchdog Timer (WDT), two data pointers, two 16-bit timer / counters, a fivetwo vector interrupt structure, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry., AT89S51 can bereduced to the 0Hz static logic operation, and supports two software selectable power saving modes.Free way to stop the CPU, but allows the RAM, timer / counters, serial communication port and interrupt system to continue to work.The power down mode to save the contents of RAM, but the oscillator is stopped and prohibited all other parts of the work until the next hardware reset.In view of the subject requirements, the AT89S51 chip to achieve the purpose of more convenient, fast and comprehensive.译文介绍红外遥控系统主要由遥控发射器、一体化接收头、单片机、接口电路组成，如图一所示。
一种单芯片无线收发系统设计
一种单芯片无线收发系统设计阮越【摘要】为了使无线收发系统能方便地应用于无线传感器网络、蓝牙技术与无限局域网(WLAN)等领域,采用了片上系统设计方法,将无线收发系统设计在一块单芯片上,使其最小化.给出了单芯片无线电的基本结构及电路实现的若干组成部分(混频器,低噪音放大器,功率放大器等)的解决方案.电路具有体积小,低功耗,成本低,可靠性高的特点.%In order to make radio transceiver system conveniently apply in the field of wireless sensor network (WSN) ,bluetooth, WLAN and so on, the system-on-chip (SoC) design method was adopted, which integrated the radio transceiver system into one single chip and minimized its size.The basic architecture of single chip radio and solutions of several components in circuit implementation (mixer, LNA, PA, etc.) are introduced.The circuit has features such as smaller size, lower power consumption, lower costs.and higher reliability.【期刊名称】《现代电子技术》【年(卷),期】2011(034)005【总页数】4页(P109-111,124)【关键词】单芯片无线电通信;低噪声放大器;收发器;WLAN【作者】阮越【作者单位】浙江树人大学,信息科技学院,浙江杭州,310015【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN92-340 引言单芯片无线电通信系统是将发射机、接收器、放大器、电源管理组件以及其他一些基带逻辑电路综合成一个单一芯片的单晶片装置, 单芯片无线电的实现是由于深亚微米CMOS技术的迅猛发展。
单工无线发射接收系统的制作解析
单工无线发射接收系统的制作1 总体设计方案设计要求为：设计一个单工无线发射接收系统,实现无线发射机至接收机间的单工语音传输业务。
具体设计要求：⑴设计发射频率在32MHz左右，无线发射机传送信号的输入采用线路输入方式，采用分立元件构成音频无线发射电路。
⑵设计一个与发射机相对应的频率的无线接收机，接收机采用第三代立体声接收机要求采用立体声播放，音质好。
放收音机电路CXA1238组成的单片收音机，用扬声器收听语音信号。
⑶传送信号为正弦波，在300Hz～3400Hz时，系统发射功率20mW左右。
⑷要求无线收发室内通信距离不小于5米。
⑸要求无线天线采用拉杆天线或导线，长度小于等于1米。
⑹系统可实现无明显失真的语音传输。
2 方案论证与比较2.1 音频无线发射电路设计方案论证与选择方案1：采用集成芯片MC2833及相关电路构成。
它可构成发射高频率信号的功率放大器。
电路主要由音频放大器、可变电抗器、射频振荡器、输出缓冲器以及放大电路构成。
本方案调频发射机的工作原理：先将语音通过话筒变成音频电压信号送给音频放大器进行音频电压放大，此音频电压信号经耦合电容送给可变电抗改变电抗值，而由可变电抗以及电感、晶体与高频振荡器组成调频振荡电路，产生调频波经缓冲送给两级二倍频放大器。
电路基本框图如图1所示。
但由于该方案涉及到的谐振回路较多，不易统调，因而频率不易控制，导致信号不稳定，容易跑台，实现较为困难。
图1 MC2833电路基本框图方案2：采用集成芯片BA1404及相关电路构成。
它主要由前置音频放大器，立体声调制器，FM调制器及射频放大器组成。
利用内部参考电压改变变容二极管的电容值，可实现发射频率的调整，电路框图如图2所示。
本方案可实现立体声调频发射，典型调频频段为75-108MHz，不足是振荡频率不易调整，尤其是低端频率实现困难，难以实现要求频段的调整。
图2 BA1404电路基本框图方案3：采用分立元件构成音频无线发射电路。
无线电接收机中英文
英文原文Radio ReceiverA block diagram for a modern radio receiver is shown in Fig..2-4.The input signals to this radio are amplitude-modulated radio waves. The basic electronic circuits include: antenna ,tuner, mixer, local oscillator ,IF amplifier, audio detector, AF amplifier, loudspeaker, and power supply.Fig.1 A Block Diagram For Modern Radio ReceiverAny antenna system capable of radiating electrical energy is also able to abstract energy from a passing radio wave. Since every wave passing the receiving antenna. Induces its own voltage in the antenna conductor, it is necessary that the receiving equipment be capable of separating the desired signal from the unwanted signals that are also inducing voltages in the antenna. This separation is made on the basis of the difference in frequency between transmitting stations and is carried out by the use of resonant circuits, which can be made to discriminate very strongly in favor of a particular frequency. It has already been pointed that, by making antenna circuit resonant to a particular frequency, the energy abstracted from radio waves of that frequency will be much greater than the energy from waves of other frequencies; this alone gives a certain amount of separation between signals. Still greater selective action can be obtained by the use of additional suitably adjusted resonant circuits located somewhere in the receiver in such a way as to reject all but the desired signal. The ability to discriminate between radio waves of different frequencies is calledselectivity and the process of adjusting circuits to resonance with the frequency of a desired signal is spoken of as tuning.Although intelligible radio signals have been received from the stations thousands of miles distant, using only the energy abstracted from the radio wave by the receiving antenna much more satisfactory reception can be obtained if the received energy is amplified. This amplification may be applied to the radio-frequency currents before detection, in which case it is called radio-frequency amplification or it may be applied to the rectified currents after detection, in which case it is called audio-frequency amplification. The use of amplification makes possible the satisfactory reception of signals from waves that would otherwise be too weak to give an audible response.The process by which the signal being transmitted is reproduced from the radio-frequency currents present at the receiver is called detection, or sometimes demodulation. Where the intelligence is transmitted by varying the amplitude of the radiated wave, detection is accomplished by rectifying the radio frequency current. The rectified current thus produced varies in accordance with the signal originally modulated on the wave irradiated at the transmitter and so reproduces the desired signal. Thus, when the modulated wave is rectified, the resulting current is seen to have an average value that varies in accordance with the amplitude of the original signal.Receiver circuit are made up a of a number of stages. A stage is a single transistor connected to components which provide operating voltages and currents and also signal voltages and currents. Each stage has its input circuit from which the signal comes in and its output circuit from which the signal, usually amplified, goes out. When one stage follows another, the output circuit of the first feeds the signal to the second. And so the signal is amplified, stage by stage, until it strong enough to operate the loudspeaker.Radio WavesRadio Waves are a member of the electromagnetic of waves. They are energy-carriers which travel at the speed of light (ν), their frequency(ƒ) and wavelength(λ) being related , as for any wave motion, by the equationν=ƒ* λwhere ν=c=3.0*108 m/s in a vacuum (or air). If λ=300m, then ƒ=ν/λ=3.0*108 /(3.0*10 2)=106Hz=1MHz. The smaller λ is, the larger ƒ.Radio Waves can be described either by their frequency or their wavelength. But the former is more fundamental since, unlike λ (and ν ), f does not change when the waves travel form one medium to another.Radio Waves can travel form a transmitting aerial in one or more of three different ways.Surface or ground wave.. This travels along a ground, the curvature of the earth’s surface. Its range is limited mainly by the extent to which energy is absorbed form it by the ground. Poor conductors such as sand absorb more strongly that water, and the higher the frequency the greater the absorption. The range may be about 1500km at low frequencies (long wave, but much less for v. h. f.).Sky wave. This travels skywards and, if it is below a certain critical frequency (typically 30MHz), is returned to earth by the ionosphere. This consists of layers of air molecules (the D,E and F layer), stretching form about 80km above the earth to 50km, which have become positively charged through the removal of electrons by the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. On striking the earth the sky wave bounces back to the ionosphere where it is again gradually refracted and returned earthwards as if by 'reflection '. This continues until it is completely attenuated.Space wave. For v. h . f., u. h. f. and microwave signals, only the space wave, giving line-of sight transmission, is effective. A range of up to 150km is possible on earth if the transmitting aerial is on high ground and there are no intervening obstacles such as hills, buildings or trees.OscillatorsElectrical oscillators are widely used in radio and television transmitters and receivers, in signal generators, oscilloscopes and computers, to produce A.C. with waveforms which may be sinusoidal, square, sawtooth etc. and with frequencies from a few hertz up to millions of hertz.Oscillatory circuitWhen a capacitor discharges through an inductor in a circuit of low resistance, an A.C. flows. The circuit is said to oscillate at its natural frequency which, as we will show shortly, equals LC 21, i.e. its resonant frequency f0. Electrical resonance thus occurs when the applied frequency equals the natural frequency as it does in a mechanical system..In Fig,2(a) , a charged capacitor C is shown connected across a coil L.C immediately starts to discharge, current flows and a magnetic field is created whichinduces an e. m. f. in L. This e. m. f. opposes the current . When C is completely discharged the electrical energy originally stored in the electric field between its plates has been transferred to the magnetic field around L.Fig.2(b)oscillator Fig.2(a) The LC circuitBy the time the magnetic field has collapsed, the energy is again stored in C. Once more C starts to discharge but current now flows in the opposite direction, creating a magnetic field of opposite polarity. When this field has decayed, C is again charged with its upper plate positive and the same cycle is repeated.In the absence of resistance in any part of the circuit , an undamped sinusoidal A.C. would be obtained. In practice , energy is gradually dissipated by resistance as heat and a damped oscillation is produced.OscillatorAs the resistance of an LC circuit increases, the oscillation decay more quickly. To obtain undamped oscillations, energy has to be fed into the LC circuit in phase with its natural oscillations to compensate for the energy dissipated in the resistance of the circuit. This can be done with the help of a transistor in actual oscillators.A simple tuned oscillator is shown in Fig.2(b). The LC circuit is connected in the collector circuit (as the load) and oscillations start in it when the supply is switched on . The frequency of the oscillations is given by, i.e. then natural frequency of the LC circuit. The transistor merely ensures that energy is fed back at the correct instant from the battery. The current bias for the base of the transistor is obtained through R .AMPLIFIERIntroductionThe term amplifier is very generic. In general, the purpose of an amplifier is to take an input signal and make it stronger (or in more technically correct terms,increase its amplitude). Amplifiers find application in all kinds of electronic devices designed to perform any number of functions. There are many different types of amplifiers, each with a specific purpose in mind. For example, a radio transmitter uses an RF Amplifier (RF stands for Radio Frequency); such an amplifier is designed to amplify a signal so that it may drive an antenna. This article will focus on audio power amplifiers. Audio power amplifiers are those amplifiers which are designed to drive loudspeakers. Specifically, this discussion will focus on audio power amplifiers intended for DJ and sound reinforcement use. Much of the material presented also applies to amplifiers intended for home stereo system use.The purpose of a power amplifier, in very simple terms, is to take a signal from a source device (in a DJ system the signal typically comes from a preamplifier or signal processor) and make it suitable for driving a loudspeaker. Ideally, the ONLY thing different between the input signal and the output signal is the strength of the signal. In mathematical terms, if the input signal is denoted as S, the output of a perfect amplifier is X*S, where X is a constant (a fixed number). The "*" symbol means? Multiplied by".This being the real world, no amplifier does exactly the ideal, but many do a very good job if they are operated within their advertised power ratings. The output of all amplifiers contain additional signal components that are not present in the input signal; these additional (and unwanted)characteristics may be lumped together and are generally known as distortion. There are many types of distortion; however the two most common types are known as harmonic distortion and inter modulation distortion. In addition to the "garbage" traditionally known as distortion, all amplifiers generate a certain amount of noise (this can be heard as a background "hiss" when no music is playing). More on these later.All power amplifiers have a power rating, the units of power are called watts. The power rating of an amplifier may be stated for various load impedances; the units for load impedance are ohms. The most common load impedances are 8 ohms, 4 ohms, and 2 ohms (if you have an old vacuum tube amplifier the load impedances are more likely to be32 ohms, 16 ohms, 8 ohms, and maybe 4 ohms). The power output of a modern amplifier is usually higher when lower impedance loads (speakers) are used (but as we shall see later this is not necessarily better).In the early days, power amplifiers used devices called vacuum tubes (referred to simply as "tubes" from here on). Tubes are seldom used in amplifiers intended for DJuse (however tube amplifiers have a loyal following with musicians and hi-fi enthusiasts). Modern amplifiers almost always use transistors (instead of tubes); in the late 60's and early 70's, the term "solid state" was used (and often engraved on the front panel as a "buzz word"). The signal path in a tube amplifier undergoes similar processing as the signal in a transistor amp, however the devices and voltages are quite different. Tubes are generally "high voltage low current" devices, where transistors are the opposite ("low voltage high current"). Tube amplifiers are generally not very efficient and tend to generate a lot of heat. One of the biggest differences between a tube amplifier and a transistor amplifier is that an audio output transformer is almost always required in a tube amplifier (this is because the output impedance of a tube circuit is far too high to properly interface directly to a loudspeaker). High quality audio output transformers are difficult to design, and tend to be large, heavy, and expensive. Transistor amplifiers have numerous practical advantages as compared with tube amplifiers: they tend to be more efficient, smaller, more rugged (physically), no audio output transformer is required, and transistors do not require periodic replacement (unless you continually abuse them). Contrary to what many people believe, a well designed tube amplifier can have excellent sound (many high end hi-fi enthusiasts swear by them). Some people claim that tube amplifiers have their own particular "sound". This "sound" is a result of the way tubes behave when approaching their output limits (clipping). A few big advantages that tube amplifiers have were necessarily given up when amplifiers went to transistors.What are Amplifier Classes?The Class of an amplifier refers to the design of the circuitry within the amp. There are many classes used for audio amps. The following is brief description of some of the more common amplifier classes you may have heard of.Class A: Class A amplifiers have very low distortion (lowest distortion occurs when the volume is low) however they are very inefficient and are rarely used for high power designs. The distortion is low because the transistors in the amp are biased such that they are half "on" when the amp is idling. As a result, a lot of power is dissipated even when the amp has no music playing! Class A amps are often used for "signal" level circuits (where power is small) because they maintain low distortion. Distortion for class A amps increases as the signal approaches clipping, as the signal is reaching the limits of voltage swing for the circuit. Also, some class A amps have speakers connected via capacitive coupling.Class B: Class B amplifiers are used in low cost, low quality designs. Class B amplifiers are a lot more efficient than class A amps, however they suffer from bad distortion when the signal level is low (the distortion is called "crossover distortion"). Class B is used most often where economy of design is needed. Before the advent of IC amplifiers, class B amplifiers were common in clock radio circuits, pocket transistor radios, or other applications where quality of sound is not that critical.Class AB: Class AB is probably the most common amplifier class for home stereo and similar amplifiers. Class AB amps combine the good points of class A and B amps. They have the good efficiency of class B amps and distortion that is a lot closer to a class A amp. With such amplifiers, distortion is worst when the signal is low, and lowest when the signal is just reaching the point of clipping. Class AB amps (like class B) use pairs of transistors, both of them being biased slightly ON so that the crossover distortion (associated with Class B amps) is largely eliminated.Class C: Class C amps are never used for audio circuits. They are commonly used in RF circuits. Class C amplifiers operate the output transistor in a state that results in tremendous distortion (it would be totally unsuitable for audio reproduction). However, the RF circuits where Class C amps are used employ filtering so that the final signal is completely acceptable. Class C amps are quite efficient.Class D: The concept of a Class D amp has been around for a long time, however only fairly recently have they become commonly used. Due to improvements in the speed, power capacity and efficiency of modern semiconductor devices, applications using Class D amps have become affordable for the common person. Class D amplifiers use a very high frequency signal to modulate the incoming audio signal. Such amps are commonly used in car audio subwoofer amplifiers. Class D amplifiers have very good efficiency. Due to the high frequencies that are present in the audio signal, Class D amps used for car stereo applications are often limited to subwoofer frequencies, however designs are improving all the time. It will not be too long before a full band class D amp becomes commonplace.Other classes: There are many other classes of amplifiers, such as G, H, S, etc. Most of these are variations of the class AB design, however they result in higher efficiency for designs that require very high output levels (500W and up for example). At this time I will not go into the details of all of these other classes as I have not studied them all in detail. Suffice to be aware that they exist for now.中文译文无线电接收机图1为无线电接收机的方框图,输入信号为调幅无线电波。
单工无线收发系统方案
摘要无线电对讲机既是移动通信中的一种专业无线通信工具，又是一种能满足人们生活需要的具有消费类产品特点的消费工具。
顾名思义移动通信就是通信一方和另一方在移动中实现通信。
它包括移动用户对移动用户、移动用户对固定用户、当然又包括固定用户对固定用户之间进行通信联系，无线电对讲机就是移动通信中的一个重要分支。
本文以无线单工调频对讲机为例，给出了一个设计和制作无线对讲机的完整的流程。
包括了技术指标的提出，部电路原理的分析，测试和调整的方法。
关键字：单工对讲机调频无线设计方案测试一、实验目的掌握无线电基本知识掌握其中的单元模拟电路掌握制作工艺，重点掌握调试方法测量和统调技巧设计并制作一个单工调频对讲机，实现甲乙两点之间的单工语音传输业务。
设计并制作对讲机的发射单元，其发射频率在30MHZ左右，发射功率大于1W（在75Ω）天线上测定），调制方式为调频，最大调制频偏≥±3kHz。
设计并制作对讲机的接收单元，其接收频率与发射频率一样，接收灵敏度≤5uV，音频输出功率50mw。
二、实验容(含技术指标)对讲机收发主频：30MHz—33MHz一中频中心频率：10.7MHz二中频中心频率：455KHz调制方式：调频通信方式：同频单工音频输出功率：50mw接收灵敏度：≤5uV最大调制频偏：≥±3kHz电压：9v三、软硬件设计方案对讲机系统由发射和接受两个单元构成，每个部分又由几个小的单元电路构成，结构框图如下图：该方案中，对讲机的收、发状态是靠切换供电电源的的方式来实现收发的转换。
各个部分实现的功能如下：（一）接收单元1. 输入选频网络：该部分主要完成对外界信号的选频，对强信号进行限幅处理。
另外，由于天线和第一级高频放大器之间存在较大的阻抗差异，所以该网络还有完成阻抗变换的任务。
2. 高频放大器：该部分的选频性直接关系到接收机的选择性和镜像抑制性能参数指标好坏。
3. 一混频电路与本振电路：该部分的主要任务是为了将前级高放送来的高频信号进行频率变换，使高频信号变换成为一个频率固定在10.7MHz左右的中频信号。
单片机毕业论文-单工无线发射接收系统
毕业设计（论文）任务书200 年月日教研室（学科组）主任签字：毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：系别：专业：学生姓名：指导教师：200 年月日开题报告填写要求1．开题报告作为毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一，应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业设计（论文）工作前期完成，经指导教师签署意见、专家组及系主任审查后生效；2．开题报告必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式（可从教务处网页上下载）打印，禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴；3．工程设计与软件开发类的开题报告应包括以下内容：（1）主要任务以及主要技术经济指标；（2）设计的国内外现状和发展趋势；（3）研究路线与关键技术；（4）实验条件；（5）进度计划；（6）参考文献等；4．科研论文类的开题报告应包括以下内容：（1）研究的目的；（2）研究的国内外现状和发展趋势；（3）主要研究内容与关键问题；（4）拟采用的研究手段；（5）进度计划；（6）参考文献等；5．开题报告的撰写应符合科技文献规范，且不少于2000字；参考文献应不少于15篇，包括科技期刊、教科书、专著等。
毕业设计（论文）开题报告附页：开题报告——单工无线发射接收系统（一）主要任务以及主要技术经济指标利用无线通信信道的远距离语音传输业务，是近年来发展很快的一门技术。
本设计使用模拟调频技术，在32MHz频段上，实现了线路输入语音信号的小功率远距离单工发送和接收。
系统发射功率大约20mW，发射距离大于5m。
本系统可实现无明显失真的语音传输。
（1）设计并制作一个发射频率在32MHz频段，发射峰值功率20mW左右(50假负载电阻上测定)的无线发射机来传送一路语音信号，射频信号带宽及调制方式自定，主站传送信号的输入采用线路输入方式。
（2）设计并制作一个接收频率与无线发射机相对应的无线接收机，采用稳压直流电源供电，用扬声器播放语音信号。
（3）传送信号正弦波在300Hz～3400Hz时，当无线发射接收机间距大于5m时，通过示波器观察无线接收机扬声器两端的接收波形，要求波形无明显失真。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
摘要
随着社会的迅速发展，科技技术的突飞猛进，无线视频监控系统眼下名声鹊起成为炙手可热的话题。
这其中除了电子通信技术与信息处理技术的发展为其构筑了技术平台之外，还有一个重要的原因就是社会需求的推动。
由于无线视频监控系统的安全、方便、直观和信息内容丰富，被广泛用于各个场合。
在银行室内或地下煤矿工作等场合使用无线视频监控系统，检测安全性是非常必要的。
运用C8051F系列单片机和NRF905收发模块进行设计。
摄像头所采集到的图像信号转换成模拟电压信号，送入到混频电路，混出射频信号，最后放大后发送出去。
射频无线接收电路接收信号并送入显示器显示图像信号。
C8051F系列单片机通过SPI串口程序在数字无线发射电路中主要负责按键的控制，52系列单片机用来控制HY12864液晶进行字符串的显示和按键具体情况。
数字无线接收电路实现摄像头电机方向控制。
关键词：无线视频监控系统；C8051F系列单片机；NRF905发射与接收模块；HY12864液晶
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of society, science and technology is advancing rapidly, the reputation of a wireless monitor system is being held in high value and is a topic of the supreme arrogance of a person with great power at this stage. Besides technology of electron communication and information disposition is constructing a technology of platform, the important reason is requirement of society is impelled. Due to a wireless monitor system is safety、convenience、directly perceived through the senses and abundant of content, we used it to every occasion widely. It is very necessary to detect security with a wireless monitor system is in occasion of bank room or the collieries of underground etc. We make use of C8051F series single chip microcomputer and nRF905 wireless emissive and receiving module to design.Vidicon switches image signals of collect to analog voltage signals, deliver to the mixer，come out radio frequency signals, blowup and deliver in the end. A receiver of wireless radio frequency receive image signals、deliver this signals to display to and show them. In digital emissive electrocircuit of wireless, C8051F series single chip microcomputer use SPI make use of program to take charge key-press, 52 series single chip microcomputer control HY12864 LCD（Liquid Crystal Display）to display character string and the circumstances of key-press. Digital receiver of wireless control the bearing of vidicon electric machinery.
Keywords：A wireless monitor system; C8051F series single chip microcomputer; NRF905 wireless Emissive and Receiving module; HY12864 LCD。