完整版化合物英文命名规则
有机化合物英文命名法则
有机化合物的英文命名官能团决定着有机化合物的性质,所以按照官能团来对有机化合物进行分类是有机化学常用的一种分类方法。
根据不同的官能团,有机化合物主要可分为:烃(hydrocarbon)、醇(alcohol)、醚(ether)、醛(aldehyde)、酮(ketone)、羧酸(carboxylic acid)、酯(ester)、胺(amine)、酰胺(amide)、氨基酸(amino acid)和氰(nitrile)等。
现在国际上通常用(当然也是英文书籍、期刊中经常使用) 的是国际纯粹与应用化学联合会系统命名法,简称IUPAC 系统命名法。
同时,出于历史、习惯或简便原因,也使用一些普通名(common name)或俗名( trivial name ) , 甚至缩略名( abbreviatedname ,如TNT 和DDT 等) 。
除特别说明外,本文讲的命名法为IUPAC 系统命名法。
全部的IUPAC命名法也可以在 Advanced Chemistry Development 公司的网站上找到,学生也可以在需要的时候查询,具体地址为一、烃的命名1. 烷烃 Alkanes烷烃的英文命名: 有关词头+ –ane 从第5个成员戊烷(pentane)开始,烷烃的命名根据其含碳数由希腊数字派生,如果希腊数字末尾带字幕–a, 命名对应的烷烃时直接在其后加–ne.例如:甲烷: methane 乙烷:ethane 丙烷: propane丁烷: butane 戊烷: pentane 己烷:hexane庚烷: heptane 辛烷:octane 壬烷:nonane癸gui烷:decane 十一烷: undecane十二烷:dodecane 十五烷: pentadecane十六烷: hexadecane烷烃消去一个氢原子之后就变成烷基(alkyl radical),烷基的英文名称将对应的烷烃词尾-ane 改为–yl例如:甲基:methyl 乙基:ethyl 正丙基;n-propyl异丙基:isopropyl正丁基:n-butyl(普通命名)1-butyl (系统命名)新戊基: neopentyl 正戊基n-pentyl 异戊基:isopentyl上表中的“n”即“normal”,相当于中文的“正”,表示烃基中无支链;“iso”相当于中文的“异”,通常指烷基的一端有(CH) CH - 结构;“sec”、“tert”即“secondary”、“tertiary”,相当于中文的“仲”和“叔”,分别表示该基团以其中的“仲”和“叔”碳原子和别的基团相连接。
化合物的英文命名方法大全
CO32- Carbonate
(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite )
Anion’s name = Central element’s root -ite
for example:
ClO2- Chlorite
PO33- Phosphite
IO2- Iodite
Monocrystalline Dioxide Triagonal tetragonal pyramid Pentagonal hexagonal
6
Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts
1. Single valence ions
Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II) dihydroxycarbonate
Ca(OH)Cl Mg(OH)PO4 Calcium hydroxychloride Magnesium hydroxyphosphate
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Hale Waihona Puke (4).复盐(Mixed salts):同正盐的读法。
Mixed salt = Cation + cation’ + anion
Cation’s name = Element for example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium Al3+ Aluminum Ca2+ Calcium
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2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn4+ Mn2+ Iron(II) or Ferrous Iron(III) or Ferric Chromium(II) Chromium(III) Manganese(IV) Manganese(II)
化合物的英文命名方法大全
NaNH4SO4 Sodium ammonium sulfate
KNaCO3
Potassium
sodium
carbonate
NaNH4HPO4: sodium ammonium hydrogenphosphate
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5)水合盐:结晶水读做water或hydrate 如 AlCl3∙6H2O: aluminum chloride 6-water
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(4).复盐(Mixed salts):同正盐的读法。
Mixed salt = Cation + cation’ + anion
for example:
NaKSO3 Sodium potassium sulfite
CaNH4PO4 Calcium ammonium phosphate
AgLiCO3 Silver lithium carbonate
Cation’s name = Element
for example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium
Al3+ Aluminum Ca2+ Calcium
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2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:
Fe2+ Iron(II)
如
FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide
Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide
Cu2O: copper(I) oxide 或cuprous oxide
CuO: copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide
(完整版)化合物英文命名规则
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名(Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根)1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注:peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物(base碱)Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名:hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名:Stem of X + -ic acid 注:oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states:-ic:the higher oxidation state-ous:the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states:halogen卤素per- (过,高) + -ic:the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在…下) + -ous:the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名:Name of M stem of X + -ide(-ide…化物)Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen” to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals(M)with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注:In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon(o)一di二tri三tetr(a)四pent(a)五hex(a)六hepta七octa八nona九1.to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2.to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代…,硫的,含硫的注:The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原(无机酸用)邻(位)(有机化合物命名)meta- [希腊词头] 偏(无机酸用)间(位)(有机化合物命名)ortho-acid 原酸;meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)(原)硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)(正)磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。
专业英语-化合物的英文命名
NaNH4SO4 Sodium ammonium sulfate
KNaCO3:
potassuim
sodium
NaNH4HPO4: sodium ammonium hydrogenphosphate
carbonate
23
5)水合盐:结晶水读做water或hydrate 如 AlCl3∙6H2O: aluminum chloride 6-water
22
(4).复盐(Mixed salts):同正盐的读法。
Mixed salt = Cation + cation’ + anion
for example:
NaKSO3
Sodium potassium sulfite
CaNH4PO4 Calcium ammonium phosphate
AgLiCO3 Silver lithium carbonate
for example:
NaHSO4 Sodium hydrogen sulfate
Na2HPO4 Disodium hydrogen phosphate
NaH2PO4 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate
NaHCO3 Sodium hydrogencarbonate
for example:
FeO oxide)
Fe2O3 Fe3O4 Pb3O4 Na2O2
Iron(II) oxide (Ferrous
Iron(III) oxide (Ferric oxide) Ferroferric oxide Trilead tetroxide Sodium peroxide
有机化合物英文命名法则
有机化合物的英文命名官能团决定着有机化合物的性质,所以按照官能团来对有机化合物进展分类是有机化学常用的一种分类方法。
根据不同的官能团,有机化合物主要可分为:烃〔hydrocarbon〕、醇〔alcohol〕、醚〔ether〕、醛〔aldehyde〕、酮〔ketone〕、羧酸〔carboxylic acid〕、酯〔ester〕、胺〔amine〕、酰胺〔amide〕、氨基酸〔amino acid〕和氰〔nitrile〕等。
现在国际上通常用(当然也是英文书籍、期刊中经常使用) 的是国际纯粹与应用化学联合会系统命名法,简称IUPAC 系统命名法。
同时,出于历史、习惯或简便原因,也使用一些普通名(mon name)或俗名( trivial name ) , 甚至缩略名( abbreviatedname ,如TNT 和DDT 等) 。
除特别说明外,本文讲的命名法为IUPAC 系统命名法。
全部的IUPAC命名法也可以在 Advanced Chemistry Development 公司的上找到,学生也可以在需要的时候查询,具体地址为.acdlabs./iupac/nomenclature/一、烃的命名1. 烷烃 Alkanes烷烃的英文命名: 有关词头+ –ane 从第5个成员戊烷〔pentane〕开始,烷烃的命名根据其含碳数由希腊数字派生,如果希腊数字末尾带字幕–a,命名对应的烷烃时直接在其后加–ne.例如:甲烷: methane 乙烷:ethane 丙烷: propane丁烷: butane 戊烷: pentane 己烷:hexane庚烷: heptane 辛烷:octane 壬烷:nonane癸gui烷:decane 十一烷: undecane十二烷:dodecane 十五烷: pentadecane十六烷: hexadecane烷烃消去一个氢原子之后就变成烷基〔alkyl radical〕,烷基的英文名称将对应的烷烃词尾-ane 改为–yl例如:甲基:methyl 乙基:ethyl 正丙基;n-propyl异丙基:isopropyl正丁基:n-butyl(普通命名)1-butyl 〔系统命名〕新戊基: neopentyl 正戊基n-pentyl 异戊基:isopentyl上表中的“n〞即“normal〞,相当于中文的“正〞,表示烃基中无支链;“iso〞相当于中文的“异〞,通常指烷基的一端有(CH3 ) 2 CH - 结构;“sec〞、“tert〞即“secondary〞、“tertiary〞,相当于中文的“仲〞和“叔〞,分别表示该基团以其中的“仲〞和“叔〞碳原子和别的基团相连接。
有机化合物英文命名法则
有机化合物的英文命名官能团决定着有机化合物的性质,所以按照官能团来对有机化合物进行分类是有机化学常用的一种分类方法。
根据不同的官能团,有机化合物主要可分为:烃(hydrocarbon)、醇(alcohol)、醚(ether)、醛(aldehyde)、酮(ketone)、羧酸(carboxylic acid)、酯(ester)、胺(amine)、酰胺(amide)、氨基酸(amino acid)和氰(nitrile)等。
现在国际上通常用(当然也是英文书籍、期刊中经常使用) 的是国际纯粹与应用化学联合会系统命名法,简称IUPAC 系统命名法。
同时,出于历史、习惯或简便原因,也使用一些普通名(common name)或俗名( trivial name ) , 甚至缩略名( abbreviatedname ,如TNT 和DDT 等) 。
除特别说明外,本文讲的命名法为IUPAC 系统命名法。
全部的IUPAC命名法也可以在Advanced Chemistry Development 公司的上找到,学生也可以在需要的时候查询,具体地址为.acdlabs./iupac/nomenclature/一、烃的命名1. 烷烃Alkanes烷烃的英文命名: 有关词头+ –ane 从第5个成员戊烷(pentane)开始,烷烃的命名根据其含碳数由希腊数字派生,如果希腊数字末尾带字幕–a, 命名对应的烷烃时直接在其后加–ne.例如:甲烷:methane 乙烷:ethane 丙烷:propane丁烷:butane 戊烷:pentane 己烷:hexane庚烷:heptane 辛烷:octane 壬烷:nonane癸gui烷:decane 十一烷:undecane 十二烷:dodecane 十五烷:pentadecane十六烷:hexadecane烷烃消去一个氢原子之后就变成烷基(alkyl radical),烷基的英文名称将对应的烷烃词尾-ane 改为–yl例如:甲基:methyl 乙基:ethyl 正丙基;n-propyl异丙基:isopropyl正丁基:n-butyl(普通命名)1-butyl (系统命名)新戊基:neopentyl 正戊基n-pentyl 异戊基:isopentyl上表中的“n”即“normal”,相当于中文的“正”,表示烃基中无支链;“iso”相当于中文的“异”,通常指烷基的一端有(CH3 ) 2 CH - 结构;“sec”、“tert”即“secondary”、“tertiary”,相当于中文的“仲”和“叔”,分别表示该基团以其中的“仲”和“叔”碳原子和别的基团相连接。
化合物英文命名规则
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
And
“-ous”, “-ic” were also used to denote (表示) the lower and higher metallic state. 用“-ous”表示低价化合物,用“-ic” 表示高价 化合物
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
5. Three elements present, such compounds are named by combining the suffix “-ate” with the name of the less electronegative of the two nonmetallic elements. And “-ite”, “-ate” are used to denote the lower and higher oxidation state of the same electronegative element. 含三种元素的化合物是通过在两种非金属元素中电负性较弱的一 种之后加后缀“-ate” 来命名的。对于电负性相同的元素,用 “-ite”表示低价元素,用“-ate” 表示高价元素 NaNO3 sodium nitrate NaNO2 sodium nitrite
cuprum
symbol
Au Fe Ag Na Sn
English Latin
gold iron Silver aurum ferrum arrgentum
autimony stibium lead mercury Plumbum hydrargyrum
Sodium Natrium tin stannum
(最新整理)化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名一
cyclohexene
2021/7/26
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IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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有机化合物的命名
系统命名
IUPAC names (systematic names)
CCS命名法-中文系统命名法
CCS -Chinese Chemical Society , CCS以IUPAC基本
Trivial name: ethylene propylene butylene 如果不是端烯烃则需要给出双键在碳链中的位置
give position of C=C
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烯烃的命名(Alkene)
Names of continuous-chain alkenes(C1-C20)
(最新整理)化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名一
2021/7/26
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有机化合物的命名
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
系统命名 IUPAC names (systematic names)
俗名法 trivial names (popular names)
国际纯粹化学和应用化学联合会
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支链烃的命名
Ruleiii. Give the first listed substituent a lower position number; the sum of the position numbers for all sbustituents should be as low as possible.
end of the name(去掉后缀“ane” ,加上 “yl”) methyl – nonadecyl – icosyl
化合物的英文命名方法大全
IO3- Iodate NO3- Nitrate CO32- Carbonate
11
(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite )
Anion’s name = Central element’s root -ite
for example: ClO2- Chlorite PO33- Phosphite SO32- Sulfite
或 Sodium bicarbonate
21
(3).Basic salts
Basic salt = Cation + hydroxy-anion for example: Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II) dihydroxycarbonate Ca(OH)Cl Calcium hydroxychloride Mg(OH)PO4 Magnesium hydroxyphosphate
或 aluminum chloride hexahydrate AlK(SO4)2∙12H2O: aluminium potassium sulfate 12-water
24
5. Acids
(1). Per-, hydro-,normal acid (its salt-ate,-ide)
Acid = Central element’s root -ic + acid
举例: PH3: phosphine或phosphane SbH3: stibine或stibane CH4: methane B2H6: diborane
AsH3: arsine或arsane BiH3: bismuthane SiH4: silane
17
无氧酸
化合物的英文命名剖析
PO33- Phosphite
SO32Sulfite
NO2- Nitrite
12
(3). Acid radicals for hypo-salts (次酸根 ite ) Anion’s name = Hypo- Central element’s root -ite for example:
ClOIO-
SO42Sulfate
NO3-
Nitrate
CO32- Carbonate
11
(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite )
Anion’s name = Central element’s root -
ite
for example: ClO2- Chlorite IO2- Iodite
Monocrystalline Dioxide Triagonal tetragonal pyramid Pentagonal hexagonal
6
Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้1. Single valence ions
4
Common Transition Elememt
Fe : Mn : Cu: Zn: Hg: Ag: Au: iron manganese copper zinc mercury silver gold
5
2 化合物的命名
化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读, 这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用 前缀 (1)mono-,(2)di -,(3)tri- ,(4)tetra – ,(5)penta(6)hexa-,(7)hepta-, (8)octa-,(9)nona-,(10)deca-,但 是在不会引起歧义时,这些前缀都尽可能被省去。
最新有机化合物英文系统命名法
CCC H2 H2
H2C
CH3
6
C H2
7
CH2
8
CH3
? C CH3
H2
4-丙基-4-异丙基辛烷 4-isopropyl-4-propyl octane
hexane
2-methyl pentane 3-methyl pentane
2,3-dimethyl butane
2,2-dimethyl butane
改为adiene,并用两个数字表示双键的位置,如: • CH2=CH-CH=CH2 1,3-丁二烯, 1,3-butadiene
7,7-dimethyl-4-propyl-2-nonene
CH2
HC
CH
CH
CH2
环戊二烯 cyclopentadiene
五、炔烃的系统命名(alkyne)
• 与烯烃相似,取含叁键的最长链为主链,编号由距叁键最 近的一端开始,结尾用yne代替烯中的ene。
5
H3C
4 32
CCC H2 H2 H
1
CH3
CH3
2-甲基戊烷 2-methyl pentane
1
H 3C
CH3
2
3
C
C
C
H
H2
CH3 4 CH2
5
6
H 2C
C
H2
CH3
7
CH3
2,2-二甲基-3-乙基庚烷 3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylheptane
一端起进 行编号,以确定取代基和 双键的位置。
• 3 双键的位置用双键两个 碳原子中编号较小的一个 标明,放在烯烃名称的前 面。
54 3 21
化合物的英文命名方法大全资料
Disodium hydrogen phosphate
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate
Sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 Sodium bicarbonate
21
(3).Basic salts Basic salt = Cation + hydroxy-anion for example:
VIIA F Cl Br I At Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine
VA N Nitrogen P Phosphorus As Arsenic Sb Antimony Bi Bismuth
0 He Helium Ne Neon Ar Argon Kr Krypton Xe Xenon Rn Radon
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4.盐(Salts) (1). 正盐(Normal salt) :根据化学式从左
往右分别读出阳离子和阴离子的名称。
Normal salt = Cation + anion
for example: HgSO4 Hg2SO4 KNO3 Na2CO3 NaClO FeSO4 KMnO4 Mercury(II) sulfate Mercury(I) sulfate Potassium nitrate Sodium carbonate Sodium hypochlorite iron(II) sulfate potassium permanganate
Potassium sodium carbonate
NaNH4HPO4: sodium ammonium hydrogenphosphate
化合物的英文命名方法大全资料
Nomenclature of compounds
1
一 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)
1 元素与单质的命名
“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”,有 时 为 了 区 别 , 在 强 调 “ 单 质 ” 时 可 用 “ free element”。因此,单质的英文名称与元素的英文名 称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称,同时又 是单质的名称。
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4.盐(Salts)
(1). 正盐(Normal salt) :根据化学式从左
往右分别读出阳离子和阴离子的名称。
Normal salt = Cation + anion
for example:
HgSO4 Hg2SO4 KNO3 Na2CO3 NaClO
Mercury(II) sulfate Mercury(I) sulfate Potassium nitrate Sodium carbonate Sodium hypochlorite
VIA
VIIA
0
He Helium
O Oxygen
F Fluorine
Ne Neon
S Sulfur
Cl Chlorine
Ar Argon
Se Selenium Br Bromine
Kr Krypton
Te Tellurium
I Iodine
Xe Xenon
Po Polonium At Astatine
举例: PH3: phosphine或phosphane SbH3: stibine或stibane CH4: methane B2H6: diborane
AsH3: arsine或arsane BiH3: bismuthane SiH4: silane
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Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名(Prefix 词头,前缀Suffix 词尾,后缀Stem 词根) 1.Trivial Names 俗名H2O water 不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia 不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone 2.Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名1)Oxide 氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注:peroxide 过氧化物2)Hydroxide 氢氧化物(base 碱)Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid 酸Hydro acid 氢酸General formula 通式:HnX 命名:hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美)氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美)HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid 含氧酸General formula 通式:HnXOm 命名:Stem of X + -ic acid 注:oxo- (oxy-)含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states :-ic:the higher oxidation state-ous:the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid 1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states :halogen 卤素per- (过,高) + -ic :the still higher oxidation state hypo- (次,在,下) + -ous:the still lower oxidation state HClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt 盐General formula 通式:MnXm 命名:Name of M stem of X + -ide (- ide, 化物)Oxide 、chloride 、nitride 、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt 含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anion Naming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X) -ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X) HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfite AgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chlorite KBrO potassium hypobromite MnO42- manganate MnO4- permanganate Acid salt 酸式盐Using “ hydrogen ” to specify NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate 磷酸盐(根)Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateH”NaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals (M )with more than one oxidation state 2/5Two methods: ①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of M stem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of M HgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注:In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from its Latin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfide Sn:stannum (拉丁), tin ( 英) SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum ( 拉丁), iron ( 英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide② IUPAC Rule 1957 年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes 希腊文前缀Mon (0)—di 二tri 三tetr (a)四pent (a) 五hex (a) 六hepta 七octa 八nona 九1.to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide 2.to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid 缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代”硫的,含硫的注:The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differing in the “content of water. ”ortho- [ 希腊词头] 正、原(无机酸用)邻(位) (有机化合物命名)meta- [希腊词头] 偏(无机酸用)间(位) (有机化合物命名)ortho-acid 原酸;meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid) (原)硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid 偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid) 原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid) (正)磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。