人教版八年级英语上册语法单词讲义

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation 一．语法：(一般过去时)

1.定义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

was / were +……

2．结构: 主语+ am, is are

V 过+……

3.V.过的变化规则：

①直接加ed ②以e 结尾直接加 d

③以“辅+y ”结尾，变y 为i 再加ed

④以“辅元辅”结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed

⑤不规则（重点）4.标志词：

①yesterday (yesterday morning , the day before yesterday …..)②……ago(six hours ago, one year ago, two months ago ……）③last+时间（last year, last month ,last week ,last weekend ……）④in the past 在过去

句尾

⑤in those days 在那些天⑥just now 刚才⑦at that time 在那时⑧this morning 今天早上⑨over the weekend 整个周末

⑩今天以前的任何时间（in 2018 ，in the 1960s ……）

二．词汇：

anyone ['eniw?n] pron. 任何人something ['s ?m θ??] pron. 某事物；nothing

['n?θ??] pron. 没有什么n.

没有

everyone ['evriw?n] pron. 每人；人人someone ['s?mw ?n] pron. 某人；有人

1.不定代词：

指人：everyone

someone anyone no one everybody somebody anybody nobody 指物：everything something

anything nothing

用法：

①作主语，V 单②不定代词+adj. someone 变anyone ③在否定句和疑问句中

:

somebody 变anybody something 变anything

anywhere ['eniwe ?(r)] a dv.任

何地方n.任何(一个)地方

wonderful ['w?nd?fl] adj.精彩的；极好的

few [fju?] adj.很少的；n.少量.

quite a few 相当多；不少(后接可数名词)

a few+可名复（几个） a l ittle+不可名（一点）

2.

few +可名复（没几个）否定

little+不可名（几乎没有）

否定

most [m ??st] adj.最多的；大多数的most of the time 大多数时间of course [?vk??s] 当然

myself [ma?'self] pron. 我自己

yourself [j??'self] pron. 你自己；

3.反身代词：（与主语保持一致）

单数：myself, yourself, itself, himself, herself 复数：ourselves , yourselves, themselves

hen [hen] n.母鸡；雌禽

pig [pIg] n.猪

seem [si?m] vi.似乎；好像

4.seem + adj.好像……

seem like 好像；似乎；

be seem to do sth.好像干某事

It seems/seemed +从句……

bored [b??d] adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的5. bored 无聊的主语为人/ 形容人

boring 令人感到无聊的主语为物/ 形容物diary ['da??ri] n.日记；日记簿

keep a diary记日记

activity [?k't?v?ti] n.活动；活跃

decide [d?'sa?d]v.决定；选定

6. decide v.? decision n. 决定

decide to do sth. 决定干某事

try [tra?]v.尝试；设法；努力

7.try on 试穿

try to do sth. 尽力干某事

try doing sth. 尝试干某事

try one’s best to do sth.

尽某人最大的努力干某事paragliding ['p?r?ɡla?d??]n.空中滑伞

feel like想要

8.f eel li k e d oi ng st h.好像干某事

feel like +从句

bird [b??d] n.鸟；禽

bicycle ['ba?s?kl] n.自行车

building ['b?ld??] n.建筑物

trader ['tre?d?(r)]n.商人；商船

wonder ['w?nd?(r)] v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑9.wonder to do sth. 好奇干某事

wonder+从句

difference ['d?fr?ns] n.差异；不同

10.difference n. (可名) ?different adj. 不同的be different from……　

与……不同

the same as ……　与……相同

top [t?p] n.顶部；顶

wait [we?t]v.等；等待

11.wait a moment 等一会

wait for sb.等待某人

umbrella [?m'brel?] n. 伞；雨伞

wet [wet] adj. 湿的；雨天的because of因为；由于

12. because of+短语/词组