人教版八年级英语上册语法单词讲义

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation 一．语法：(一般过去时)1.定义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

was / were +……2．结构: 主语+ am, is areV 过+……3.V.过的变化规则：①直接加ed ②以e 结尾直接加 d③以“辅+y ”结尾，变y 为i 再加ed④以“辅元辅”结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed⑤不规则（重点）4.标志词：①yesterday (yesterday morning , the day before yesterday …..)②……ago(six hours ago, one year ago, two months ago ……）③last+时间（last year, last month ,last week ,last weekend ……）④in the past 在过去句尾⑤in those days 在那些天⑥just now 刚才⑦at that time 在那时⑧this morning 今天早上⑨over the weekend 整个周末⑩今天以前的任何时间（in 2018 ，in the 1960s ……）二．词汇：anyone ['eniw?n] pron. 任何人something ['s ?m θ??] pron. 某事物；nothing['n?θ??] pron. 没有什么n.没有everyone ['evriw?n] pron. 每人；人人someone ['s?mw ?n] pron. 某人；有人1.不定代词：指人：everyonesomeone anyone no one everybody somebody anybody nobody 指物：everything somethinganything nothing用法：①作主语，V 单②不定代词+adj. someone 变anyone ③在否定句和疑问句中:somebody 变anybody something 变anythinganywhere ['eniwe ?(r)] a dv.任何地方n.任何(一个)地方wonderful ['w?nd?fl] adj.精彩的；极好的few [fju?] adj.很少的；n.少量.quite a few 相当多；不少(后接可数名词)a few+可名复（几个） a l ittle+不可名（一点）2.few +可名复（没几个）否定little+不可名（几乎没有）否定most [m ??st] adj.最多的；大多数的most of the time 大多数时间of course [?vk??s] 当然myself [ma?'self] pron. 我自己yourself [j??'self] pron. 你自己；3.反身代词：（与主语保持一致）单数：myself, yourself, itself, himself, herself 复数：ourselves , yourselves, themselveshen [hen] n.母鸡；雌禽pig [pIg] n.猪seem [si?m] vi.似乎；好像4.seem + adj.好像……seem like 好像；似乎；be seem to do sth.好像干某事It seems/seemed +从句……bored [b??d] adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的5. bored 无聊的主语为人/ 形容人boring 令人感到无聊的主语为物/ 形容物diary ['da??ri] n.日记；日记簿keep a diary记日记activity [?k't?v?ti] n.活动；活跃decide [d?'sa?d]v.决定；选定6. decide v.? decision n. 决定decide to do sth. 决定干某事try [tra?]v.尝试；设法；努力7.try on 试穿try to do sth. 尽力干某事try doing sth. 尝试干某事try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力干某事paragliding ['p?r?ɡla?d??]n.空中滑伞feel like想要8.f eel li k e d oi ng st h.好像干某事feel like +从句bird [b??d] n.鸟；禽bicycle ['ba?s?kl] n.自行车building ['b?ld??] n.建筑物trader ['tre?d?(r)]n.商人；商船wonder ['w?nd?(r)] v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑9.wonder to do sth. 好奇干某事wonder+从句difference ['d?fr?ns] n.差异；不同10.difference n. (可名) ?different adj. 不同的be different from……　与……不同the same as ……　与……相同top [t?p] n.顶部；顶wait [we?t]v.等；等待11.wait a moment 等一会wait for sb.等待某人umbrella [?m'brel?] n. 伞；雨伞wet [wet] adj. 湿的；雨天的because of因为；由于12. because of+短语/词组because +句子below [b?'l??] prep.低于；在...下面a d v.在下面enough [?'n?f] adj.足够的a d v.足够地；充分地13. adj.+enoughenough+n.enough to do sth. 做某事是足够……hungry ['h??ɡri]adj. 饥饿的；渴望的as [?z] conj. 如同；像...一样14.as+职业/身份作为……Eg: as a teacher 作为一名老师hill美[h?l] n. 小山；丘陵；斜坡；山冈duck [d?k] n. 鸭肉；鸭dislike [d?s'la?k]v.不喜欢；厌恶n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感15.like v.喜欢?dislike v.不喜欢love v.爱? hate v.憎恨to do sth.like/love/hate doing sth.dislike doing sth.(不喜欢干某事)have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun玩得痛快Central Park 中央公园Tian'anmen square 天安门广场the Palace Museum 故宫博物院Unit2 H ow often do you exercise?一．语法：(频度副词和次数的表达)（一）.频度副词always > usually > often>sometimes > seldom > hardly ever > never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 5% 0%用法：1.常用于一般现在时态中主+频+实V.（频不影响主谓关系）2.位置主+情/系/助+频+实V.（二）次数的表达once (一次) twice (两次) three times（三次）four times（四次）基数词+times注意：①当次数划线提问时用How often ……？②every +时间名词划线提问也用How often ……？（三）与How 有关的特殊疑问词/词组How many +可名复……? 询问数量How much +不可名…….? 询问数量（How much……？询问价钱）How old …….?=what’ｓthe age of sb.? 询问年龄How tal l……? 询问身高How long 问段时间/长度How far 问距离How soon 问将来的时间How often 问次数How about doing sth.?= What about doing sth.? 征求意见二．词汇：housework ['has w ??k] n.家务劳动1. housework 不可名homework 不可名do one’s housework/homeworkdo 为实义动词变否定句时为：don’t do one’s housework/homeworkever ['ev?(r)] adv.曾经；在任何时候hardly ['hɑ？d li] adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚(表否定)hardly ever很少；几乎从不；难得2. 困难的=difficult?easy 容易的hard adj.坚硬的?soft 软的adv.努力地（work hard 努力工作）hardly adv. 几乎不once [w?ns] adv.一次；曾经twice [twa?s] adv.两倍；两次Internet ['?nt?net] n.因特网3. on the Internet 在网上surf the Internet 上网program ['pr??ɡr ? m] n.节目；程序；课程；节目单full [f?l] adj.满的；充满的；完全的4.be full of……　充满…… ;装满……be filled with……swing [sw??]n.摇摆；秋千v.摇摆；旋转swing dance摇摆舞body ['b?di] n.身体maybe ['me?bi] adv.或许；也许；可能5. maybe =perhaps 用在句首也许may be 用在句中可能是……least [li?st] adj.最小的；最少的at least至少junk n.垃圾；废旧杂物junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品coffee ['k?fi] n.咖啡；咖啡色health [helθ］n.健康；人的身体或精神状态6. health n. ? healthy adj. 健康的keep healthy= stay healthy.保持健康healthy food 健康食品result [r?'z?lt] .结果；后果percent [p?'sent] adj.百分之...的7.基数词+ percent of……百分之……谓语用单/复看of 之后的名词online [??n'la?n] adj.在线的a d v.在线地television ['tel?v??n] n.电视机；电视节目although [??l'e??] conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是8.although = though 表转折although/though 不能与but 连用through [θru?] prep.穿过；凭借；一直到9. through 指从内部穿过或者头顶有物体遮挡through the forest 穿过森林go through 经历；经受through the window 透过窗户get through 通过than [e?n] conj.比less [les] adj.更少的；较少的more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常less than不到；少于mind [ma?nd] .头脑；想法；意见；心思10. mind doing sth. 介意干某事mind not doing sth. 不介意干某事make up one’s mind to do sth.下定决心干某事such [s?t?] adj.这样的；如此的11. such+a/an +adj.+可名单so + adj.+ a/an +可名单such as例如；诸如12. such as +短语/单独的名词For example ,+句子（举例说明）together [t?'ɡee?(r)] adv.共同；一起die [da?]v.死；枯竭；消失point [p??n t] n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数writer ['ra?t?(r)] n.作者；作家dentist ['dent?st] n.牙科医生13.go to the dentist.看牙医magazine ['m?ɡ？z i?n] n.杂志however [ha?'ev?(r)] adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么14. However 表转折，单独使用but +句子表转折although/though 不能与but 连用almost ['??lm??st] adv.几乎；差不多none [n?n] pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无15. none 指人/物none of ……V单/复表否定no one 只指人V单nobody 只指人V单Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.一．语法：(adj.&adv.原级和比较级) 1．adj. & adv.使用原则①系+形②半系+形（半系V.有：feel ,taste,keep,get,become,smell,look sound,等）③形+名④动+副/副+动2. adj. & adv的原级①……as+原级as……否定句? so+原级as……②so+adj.+a/an+名单③such+a/an+adj.+名单④倍数+as+原级as……⑤very，quite，too，so +原级3.adj.&adv.比较级（定义:两个同类事物之间的比较）①主+谓+比+than+被比较部分②The+比……,the+比……（越……越……）③……比and比……/more and more+原级……（越来越……）④主+谓+the+比+of the two +名复（两个中最……）⑤much ,a little , far ,even ,a lot ,any等+比较级4.adj.&adv.等级的变化规则①直接加~er, ~est ②以e结尾，直接加~r, ~st③以“辅元辅”结尾，双写，加~er,~est④以“辅+y”结尾，变y为i，加~er,~est⑤多音节more+原级,the most+原级⑥不规则变化二．词汇：outgoing ['a?tɡ????] adj.外向的better ['bet?(r)] adj.更好的；较好的a d v.更好地1.good-better-best well-better-besthad better do sth. 最好干某事had better not do sth.最好不要干某事loud [la?d] adj. 大声的；a d v.大声地；响亮地loudly ['la?dli] adv.大声地；高声地；花俏地quietly ['kwa??tli] a d v.安静地；悄悄地；平静地2.quiet adj.安静的be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静hard-working [hɑ？d'w??k??]adj.勤勉的；努力工作的competition [?k?mp?'t??n] n.竞争；比赛fantastic [f?n't?st?k] adj.极好的；了不起的which adj.哪一个；哪一些pron.哪一个；哪些clearly ['kl??li] adv.清楚地；显然地win [w?n] v.赢；赢得；获胜；获得n.胜利3. win (won) +项目赢得某项比赛beat (beat)+人/团队打败某人/团队though conj.虽然；尽管；a d v.不过4.although = though 表转折although/though 不能与but 连用even though =even if 即使talented ['t?l?nt?d] adj.有才能的；有天赋的5. talent n. 才能；天赋be talented in ……擅长……　do well in ……be good at……truly ['tru?li] adv. 真实地；真诚地；正确地care [ke?(r)] v. 关心；担忧；照顾；在乎care about关心serious ['s??ri?s] adj.严肃的；严重的；庄重的6.take……seriously 认真对待……．be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真mirror ['m?r?(r)] n.镜子；反映kid n. 孩子，小孩as long as只要necessary ['nes?s?] adj.必要的；必然的be different from和...不同7.the same as 和……相同both [b??θ］adj. 两者都pron.两者8. both……and……　……和……Both of……　两者都all 指三者或者以上都……all of ……　所有的都……bring out拿出；推出9. bring out the best /worst in sb.给某人展现出最好的一面/最差的一面grade n. 成绩should [??d] aux.应该；可能；应当；将要10. should 情态动词?否定形式shouldn’t 不应该the same as与...同样的saying n. 名言reach [ri?t?]v.到达；伸出；延伸；(伸手)去够11.reach for 伸手取……reach v.到达reach +地点get to +地点arrive in/at +地点hand n.援手touch [t?t?] vt. 触摸；感动heart [hɑ？t] n. 心脏；内心12.touch one’s heart 感动某人fact [f?kt] n. 事实；真相；实际in fact事实上；实际上；确切地说break [bre?k] v.打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断arm n. 胳膊laugh [lɑ？f]v.发笑；笑；嘲笑n.笑声；笑；笑料ugh at sb. 嘲笑某人share [?e?(r)] vt.分享，共享；分配；共有14. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物share in sth. 共同分担某事similar ['s?m?l?(r)] adj. 类似的be similar to类似于；与...相似primary ['pra?m?ri] adj.最初的，最早的primary school 小学15. kindergarten 幼儿园primary school 小学middle school 初中high school 高中collage 综合大学university 大学information [??n f?'me??n] n.信息；情报；资料；通知16. information 不可名Unit4 What's the best movie theater? 一．语法：(adj.&adv.最高级)1.定义：表示三者或以上同类事物之间的比较①主+谓+the+最高级+范围②主+谓+比+than+any other+名单+范围2.结构③One of +the +形高名复is……④ the +序数词+形高名单is ……⑤主+谓+the +最高级+名词+I have ever ……3.变化规则①直接加~er, ~est②以e结尾，直接加~r, ~st③以“辅元辅”结尾，双写，加~er,~est④以“辅+y”结尾，变y为i，加~er,~est⑤多音节more+原级,the most+原级⑥不规则变化good/well-better-bestbad/badly-worse-worstmuch/many –more-mostlittle –less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthestold-older/elder-oldest/eldest二．词汇：theater ['θ??t?] n.剧场；电影院；戏院comfortable ['k?mft?bl] adj.舒适的；充裕的comfortably ['k?mft?bli] a d v.舒服地；容易地；充裕地seat [si?t] n.座位；1.have a seat =sit down 坐下sit v.坐(sat)screen [skri?n] n.屏幕；银幕close [kl?s]v.关；合拢；不开放；停业2.be close to ……　离……近close v.关? open v. 打开ticket n.票worse [w??s] adj.更坏的；更差的worst [w??st] adj.最坏的；最差的cheaply ['t?i?pli] adv.廉价地；粗俗地3. cheap adj.便宜的? expensive/dear adj.昂贵的song [s??] n.歌曲；歌唱choose [t?u?z]v.选择；决定5.choose-chose-chosencarefully ['ke?f?li] adv.小心地，认真地6.careful adj. ? carefully adv.careless adj. ? carelessly adv. 粗心地reporter [r?'p??t?(r)] n.记者so far到目前为止；迄今为止fresh [fre?] adj.新鲜的；清新的service ['s??v?s] n.服务pretty ['pr?ti] adv.相当地adj.漂亮的menu ['menju?] n.菜单act [?k t] v.行动；表演7.actor n.男演员actress n. 女演员meal [mi?l] n.一餐；膳食creative [kri'e?t?v] adj.创造的，创造性的；performer [p?'f??m?(r)] n.表演者；执行者talent ['t?l?nt] n.天赋；才能，才艺；8. talented adj. 有才能的；有天赋的common ['k?m?n] adj.常见的；共同的；普通的have…in common有相同特征magician [m?'d???n] n.魔术师；术士all kinds of各种各样；各种类型9. a kind of……　……的一种many kinds of……　许多种……different kinds of ……　不同种……kind of +adj.=a little+adj. 有点儿……beautifully ['bju?t?fli] adv.美丽地；完美地；be up to是……．的职责；由……．决定role [r??l] n.作用；角色play a role发挥作用；有影响10. play a role in doing sth. 在做某事方面有发挥着作用winner ['w?n?(r)] n.获胜者prize [pra?z] n.奖品；奖金11. the first prize 一等奖get a very good prize 得到好奖品everybody ['evrib?di] pron.每人；人人make up编造example [?ɡ'zɑ？mpl] n.例子；榜样for example例如12.For exampl e，+句子（举例说明）such as +词组（列举）poor [p??(r)] adj.可怜的；贫穷的13.poor adj.穷的? rich adj. 富有的the poor 穷人the rich 富人the+adj. 表示一类人seriously ['s??ri?sli] 严重地，严肃地take…seriously认真对待give [ɡ？v]v.给；赠予；送14.give sb.sth.=give sth. to sb.给某人某物crowded ['kra?d?d] adj.拥挤的15.crowd v. 拥挤Unit6 I'm going to study computer science. 一．语法：（一般将来时）（一）定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态①主+be going todo +……（二）结构②主+will do +……（三）标志词：1.tomorrow （the day after tomorrow ; tomorrow morning）2．next+时间名词（next year, next month next week）3. in +段时间（in three days ;in two hours）4.in the future 在将来5.今天以后的任何时间6. before long 不久以后7.from now on 从现在开始8.soon 不久二．词汇：grow up 长大成长computer programmer 计算机管理员cook [k?k] vt. 烹调，煮，烧，做(饭)：vi. 烹饪，做饭，烧菜；doctor ['d?kt?(r)]医生engineer [end??'n?r] 工程师violinist [?va??'l?n?st]小提琴手pianist ['p??n?st] 钢琴家scientist['sa??nt?st]科学家 1.driver ['dra?v?] n. 驾驶员；驱动程序；起子；传动器pilot ['pa?l?t] 飞行员be sure about 确信1. be sure about /ofsth. 对……有把握be sure to do sth .一定会干某事be sure +从句确信……make sure 确保college ['kɑ?l?d?] 大学university [?ju?n?'v??rs?t i] 大学，高等学府2.kindergarten 幼儿园primary school 小学middle school 初中high school 高中collage 综合大学university 大学team [tim](一)队(人)；(一)组(人)education [?ed?u'ke??n] n. 教育3. educational adj. 有教育意义的；受教育的get education 受教育medicine ['medsn]药，医学London ['l?nd?n] n.伦敦article ['ɑ?rt?kl]文章，论文send [send] 邮寄，发送4.send—sent-sentsend sb.sth.=send sth. to sb. 把某物发给某人send for 派(人)去请send away 开除；赶走resolution [?rez?'lu??n] 决心，决定5.. make resolution 下决心foreign ['f??r?n] adj.外国的6.. foreigner n.外国人able [?eb?l] 能够be able to 能够做某事7. be able to do sth. 能够做某事be able to 强调有能力干好某事question ['kw?st??n] n.问题8．question 可名指可以回答的问题problem 不可名指那已解决的麻烦ask the question 问问题solve the problem 解决问题the answer to th e question 问题的答案meaning ['min??] n.意义；；adj. 意味深长的v.意味；意思是9. What do you mean by “A”？mean v.意义What does “A”mean?What’s the meaning of “A”？“A”的意义是什么？meaningful adj. 有意义的? Meaningless adj. 无意义的discuss [d??s k?s] 讨论，商量10. discuss to do sth. 讨论干某事promise [?prɑm?s] 承诺，诺言11. make promise 许诺promise to do sth.承诺干某事beginning [b??ɡ？n??]开头，开端at the beginning of 起初improve [?m?pruv] 改进，改善selfimprovement [self?mp'ru?vm?nt]自我改进，自我提高write down 写下physical ['f?z?kl]身体的themselves [e?m's?lvz] 他们自己have to do with关于;与……有关系take up学着做；开始做hobby ['hɑ?bi]业余爱好weekly['wikli] adj. 每周的；；n. 周刊a d v.每周一次；逐周school work 学校作业agree[?'ɡri] vt. 同意；赞成；承认vi. 同意；意见一致agree with 同意12. agree with sb同意某人agree to sth. 赞同某一计划或建议agree on （doing）sth. 双方在某事上意见一致agree to do sth. 赞同做某事同义own [o?n] 自己的，本人的，拥有13. one’s own +名词某人自己的……on one’s own =alone 独自personal ['p??rs?n l]个人的，私人的relationship [r?'le??n??p] 关系Unit 7 Will people have robots?一．语法：(一般将来时)（一）定义：①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态②用be doing 中的短暂性动词可表将来①主+be going todo +……（表近期的打算) （二）结构②主+will do +…… (表长远的)③ be doing （仅限于短暂性动词）常见的有：go ，come arrive ,leave （三）标志词：1.tomorrow （the day after tomorrow ; tomorrow morning）2．next+时间名词（next year, next month next week）3. in +段时间（in three days ;in two hours）4.in the future 在将来5.今天以后的任何时间6. before long 不久以后7.from now on 从现在开始8.soon 不久二．词汇：paper['pe?p?r] n. 纸1.paper n.纸不可名（ a piece of paper 一张纸）paper n. 试卷可名pollute[p?'lu?t]v.污染pollution [p?'lu??n] n. 污染；污染物prediction[pr?'d?k?n] n.预测future ['fju?t??r]n. 未来2. in the futu re 在将来；在未来in future 今后；以后environment [?n'va?r?nm?nt] n.环境3.protect th e envi ron men t 保护环境planet ['pl?n?t] 行星earth[??rθ］n.地球；泥土3.on the earth 在地球上save the earth 拯救地球世界上独一无二的事物前必须用the如：the sun the world the moon 等plant [pl?nt] v.种植，n. 植物part [pɑ?rt] v.参加，部分play a park 参与（某事）5. play a park in doing sth. 参与做某事peace [pi?s] n.和平? peaceful adj. 和平的sea [si] n. 海；海洋；许多；大量4.at sea 在海上by sea 坐船in the sea 在海里sky[ska?] 天空astronaut['?str?n??t]宇航员apartment[?'pɑ?rt m?nt] 公寓房间rocket ['rɑ?k?t] 火箭；space[spe?s] n.空间；太空.space station 太空站human ['hju?m?n] n.人的；n.人；人类5．human being 人复数：human beings=humans person 指个体的“人”　复数：personspeople 指集体人们单复同形民族复数：peoplesservant['s??rv?n t] n. 仆人dangerous ['de?nd??r?s] adj.危险的7. dangerous adj.危险的? danger n.危险be in great danger 处于极大的危险中already[??l'redi] adv.已经8. already 用于句中否定句/疑问句?变yet 用于句末factory['f?ktri] 工厂over and over again 多次；反复地believe [b?'li?v] v.相信9. believe sb.相信某人believe in sb.信任某人disagree [?d?s?'ɡri?] v.不同意10. disagree v. 不同意? agree v. 同意disagree with sb.不同意某人的意见even['i?vn]甚至；愈加11.even +比较级hundreds of 许多；大量；成百上千12.概数词：hundred ,thousand , million , billion基数词+概数词用法：概数词s+ ofshape [?e?p] 形状13. in the shape of 以……的形状fall [f??l]倒塌；跌倒fall-fell-fallenfall down 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌14. fall asleep 入睡fall over 被……绊倒fall in love 爱上……　fall behind 落后；下降fall =autumn n. 秋天inside['?n'sa?d] n. 里面；内部adj. 里面的；内部的；秘密的a d v.在里面prep. 少于；在…之内look for 寻找；寻求15. look for 寻找表动作find 寻找表结果find out 查明弄清楚possible ['pɑ?s?bl] 可能的impossible[?m'pɑs?bl] adj. 不可能的；不真实的n. 不可能；不可能的事side [sa?d] n. 方面；侧面；旁边vi. 支持；赞助；偏袒adj. 旁的，侧的v t. 同意，支持16.on one side of……　在……的一边on both sides of……　在……的两边side by side 并排；并肩word[w??rd]n.单词；probably ['prɑ?b?bli] adv.大概；或许；很可能during['d?r??]prep. 在…的时候，在…的期间holiday ['hɑ?l?de?] n.假日17. holiday 休假（指法定节假日）vacation 假期（工作或学习中一段很长时间的休息）Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 一．语法：(情态动词)(一)．常见的情态动词有：can -------- could (能；可以) will--------would（将要）may--------might (也许) shall （将要；必须；应该）should(应该) ought to (应该)had better （最好）must（必须）need (需要)have to (不得不) mustn’ｔ（禁止）needn’t(不必)(二)．情态动词的用法1.Must I ……? 肯定回答：yes , you must否定回答：No,you needn’t /No，you don’t have to 2.表推测：must ,will , would , ought to , should , can , could , may , might最强最弱①表询问请求用于第一、三人称中3.shall ②表决心、警告、命令用于第二人称中4.mustn’t 以为“禁止”5. had better do sth.had better not do sth.6. Would you please+ V原……?Could you please+ V原……？7.Would you like……? 肯定回答：Yes, please/ Yes, I ‘d love to .否定回答：No, thanks二．词汇：prepare [pr?'per]v.预备；准备preparation [?prep?'re??n]准备，准备工作prepare for 为……准备1. prepare to do sth. 准备去做某事be/get ready to do sth.prepare for（doing）sth. 为……做准备be/get ready for sth.prepare sb. sth.=prepare sth. for sb. 给某人准备某物exam[?ɡ'z?m]考试flu[flu] n. 流感2.have a flu 患流感available[?'ve?l?bl] 可得到的；有空的；another time 其他时间，别的时间until [?n't?l]conj. 在…以前；直到…时prep. 在…以前；到…为止3.not……until……　直到……才……hang [h??]悬挂；(使)低垂hang out 常去某处；泡在某处4.hang out with sb. 和某人闲逛catch[k?t?] 赶上；抓住；捕捉5.catch up with sb. 赶上某人delete [d?'li?t]删除glue[ɡlu]vt. 粘合；似胶般固着于n. 胶；各种胶合物invite [?n'va?t] 邀请invitation [??n v?'te??n]邀请；邀请函6.invite sb.to d o s th.邀请某人干某事invi te sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地invite sb.for sth. 为某事邀请某人turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请accept an invitation 接受邀请accept[?k'sept] v. 接受；7. accept 表示主动而且高兴地接受receive 表示被动的接受refuse [r?'fju?z] v.拒绝8. refuse to do sth. 拒绝干某事the day before yesterday 前天the day after tomorrow 后天weekday['wikde] n. 平日，工作日9.weekend n.周末on the weekend=on weekends 在周末look after 照顾，照料turn down减小，关小，调低reply [r?'pla?] 回答，回复10. reply in writing 书面回复reply to sb. 回复某人forward['f??rw?r d] 转交；发送，向前的look forward to 盼望，期待11. look forward to doing sth. 期待干某事print [pr?nt] n. 印刷业；印花布；；印章；印记vt. 印刷；打印；刊载；sad[s?d] adj. 难过的；悲哀的goodbye[g?d'ba?] int. 再见take a trip 去旅行glad [ɡl?d] adj. 高兴的；乐意的；vt. 使高兴without[w?'θa?t] prep. 没有；adv. 户外；在外面；n. 外部；外面12. without ? with介词介+doingsurprised[s?'pra?zd] adj. 感到惊讶的，出人意料的v.使惊奇12. surprised 感到惊讶的修饰人/主语是人surprising 令人惊讶的修饰物/主语是物to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是……in surprise 吃惊地；惊奇地hear from 收到......来信hear sb. do sth. （全过程）13.hear v. 听（表结果）hear sb. doing sth.（一部分）hear –heard-heardhear of /about 听说housewarming ['ha?s,w?rm??] n. 乔迁庆宴opening['o?pn??]开幕式，落成典礼14,。