第二讲---12选10做题方法--教师版

第二讲教学目标：12选10方法讲解教学重点：已教方法的灵活使用教学难点：重点方法的运用8. bringyour answer is to his satisfaction, it is very likely that he will give you more opportunities. This is a very simple reason.”The fact was also like that. I really saw a few of my classmates went to 9. serve in the first-class company because of their excellent insights(洞察力). This thing had a great 10. effect on me. (2013年成华区中考英语诊断题)得分：✧中考12选10的解题技巧要抓住两点：一是“放远”，二是“看近”。

➢放远：一篇短文填空题是一个有机的整体。

通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。

依据上下文，语境，眼光放远，从头到尾，按日常认识事物的规律，填上所选的词，通顺。

❖技巧：1. 根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测：注意上下文的逻辑联系和文章的逻辑关系是做好短文填空题的关键，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断，找出既符合短文的词义2.根据语篇标志进行推测：语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。

语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语，这些词语称为“语篇标志”，例如：表示结构层次的firstly, secondly等，表示逻辑关系的therefore, so, but等，表示话题改变的by the way，for example, and so on, fore instance等。

充分利用这些语篇标志可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。

3.根据文化背景知识进行推测：短文空题考查的知识面较广，从文化、科学常识，到历史地理知识；从风俗民情到民族习惯等等，无所不考。

考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。

具备了一定的文化背景知识，才能比较准确地判断出正确的词义。

4.根据常识进行判断：中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学与生活常识，也具备了一定的判断能力。

在考查语言知识和技能的同时，考查这些简单的常识性的问题，也是对学生知识面的检测。

➢看近：形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。

依据此句前后，眼光就近。

运用基本语言知识（词法和语法）：动副、动宾、介宾、系形、短语动词、介词短语、搭配、结构。

❖技巧：1.根据语法知识进行推测：对于考查语法知识的考题，不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析，并根据其语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测，从而迅速判断出正确的词义。

2.运用词汇知识进行判断：短文填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词的辨析两大方面。

要做好这类题目，首先要有较大的词汇量，较强的词语搭配能力，以及在语句中理解词义的能力，做题时要结合上下文的语境，确定词义。

1) 在词性方面：⑴从语法方面考虑词性：根据句子的特点，分清简单句、并列句、复合句，再分别对待。

简单句：根据简单句的句子结构确定所缺词属于句子中主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等哪一成分，哪些词性可以作这些成分，再根据所缺词的词义确定该词性的词。

并列句（语法上互不依从的句子）：如果是两个完整的句子中间缺词，则可以从并列句方面考虑，选择并列联接词---and, so, but, or, however等。

复合句：主要根据主句与从句的关系确定是哪一类复合句。

常考的复合句有：宾语从句----that, if, whether, how, what等；状语从句----时间：when,before ,after,while,as soon as,until,since等;条件：if等;原因：because等;方式：how; 等结果：so ...that..., such...that... 等;让步：although, though等比较：as...as...,not so ...as..., ...than...,as...as possible等定语从句----who, whom, which, that,⑵、从习惯用法、固定搭配和词与词之间的修饰方面考虑词性:名词的修饰词可能是---形容词、名词、数词、代词、冠词等。

形容词的修饰词可能是----副词、定冠词、序数词等。

形容词也属于修饰词----用来修饰名词或代词的，在句子中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。

动词的修饰词可能是----情态动词、助动词、副词等。

副词属于修饰词----主要修饰形容词、动词、其他副词以及句子等。

习惯用法、固定搭配----参看《英语中考全解——词组》2)在词的形式方面：如果所确定的词是名词、动词、形容词、副词，应该考虑这些词的相应的形式。

名词的单数、复数和所有格形式；动词的六种形式—do, does, doing, did, done, to do;形容词和副词的三级形式。

如果所给词是代词，则应考虑代词的主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词等五种形式。

❖总之：做此类题可概括为以下五个步骤：、1.通读全文，把握大意，确定主旨。

2.身临其境，切身体会，确定词义。

3.周密分析，瞻前顾后，确定词形。

4.复读原文，仔细检查，确定验收。

做选词填空题的基本步骤是：先通览全文，掌握文章大意；然后再根据文章的语境特点从词语搭配、习惯用法、上下文的逻辑关系以及一般的生活常识等方面进行分析，从而选出既合语法又合语境的答案。

做选词填空题的通常方法有：Worried That People Are Laughing at You?Imagine this situation. You pass a group of people. The people are talking to each other. You cannot hear what they are saying. But 1. they start laughing. What would you think? Would you think they were laughing at something 2. that one of them said? Or, to be honest with yourself, would you think they were laughing at you? Yes, you.Being laughed at is a 3. fear. But a major study published(公布)in 2009 found that this fear is not the 4. around the world, It differs from culture to culture.Some people in the study said they felt unsure of 5. in social situations and hid their feelings of insecurity (不安全). Others said they avoided (回避) social situations where they had been laughed at 6. .Shy people often avoid situations that would make them get into close contact (接触) with other people. They worry that something they say or do will make other people laugh at them, It can be truly sad for those who live with the fear of laugher. It can 7. how they lead their lives.In the study, a team from the University of Zurich led more than ninety 8. from around the world. They wanted to understand the difference between normal shyness and true fear of being laughed at. Another purpose of the study was 9. the levels of fear of being laughed at in different cultures. The scientists surveyed more than twenty-two thousand people in forty-two different languages. The 10. would appear in Scientific Humor.（2012成都中考英语）二、短文填空。

从下面方框中选出10个单词，并将其正确形式填写在答题卡相应题号的位置上，使短文意思正确通顺（每词限用一次）。

（共10个小题，每小题1分；计10分）Somebody, feel, day, successfully, lie , you, pleasant, discover, careful, lose, instruction, embarrass One day, a student was talking with a professor (教授), who’s kind to those who waited on his __1.__.As they went along, they saw a pair of old shoes __2.__on the path (小路), which, they supposed, belonged to a poor man working in a nearby field (田地). He had neatly finished his __3.__work.The stude nt came to a stop, and said to the professor, “Let’s play a hoax on the man: we hide his shoes, hide ourselves and wait to see how __4.__ he would be when he finds that his shoes are __5.__.”“My friend,” answered the professor, “We should never enjoy ourselves while making the poor sad. Now you are rich, why not give yourself a much greater __6.__ by helping the poor man? Put a coin into each shoe, hide ourselves and see what will happen to him.”The student did so, and they both places themselves behind the nearby trees.After finishing his work, the poor man came across the field to the path. Putting his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something unusual. He stopped __ 7.__ what it was and he found the coin.He took out the coin, surprised, and looked at it __ 8.__ for a while. Then he looked around, but __9.__ was there. Then he started to put on the other shoe. He got much more surprises when he found the other coin.The poor man then looked up into the sky and shouted “Thank You!” The student stood there with tears (眼泪) in his eyes. “Now,” said the professor, “aren’t you more pleased than if you had played __10.__ planned hoax?”“You’ve taught me a lesson which I will never forget,” answered the student.（2013年成都中考）。