李观仪新编英语教程第六册unit 10 straight-A illiteracy
新编英语教程6_答案_李观仪
练习册：We may regard “if only” as indicating the past and “next time” the future, we all know the most important time is “now”, as past things could not be changed and future is based on “now”.I. 1. The old man was an eminent psychiatrist and the author was a client of his. (famous and respected within a particular profession)2. Refer to para. 1. To him, the session was just like “a flash of insight that leaves him a changed person—not only changed, but changed for the better.”3. The three speakers on the tape were all unhappy, and the two words they all used frequently in what they said were “if only.” What the old man wanted to point out to the author was that to keep saying “if only” would not change anything; on the contrary, it only kept the person facing the wring way—backward instead of forward. Thus it did more harm than good to the person who kept saying them. (See para. 15)4. Shift the focus; substitute “next time” for “if only”5. They point to entirely different mental directions; one is backward and negative, and the other forward and positive.6. It is instructive and inspirational.II. 1. The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.2. At last he walked over from the other side of the street, wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head covered by a shapeless felt hat. He looked like a dwarfish old man full of energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.3. The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. She still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.4. Eventually, if you form a habit of say ing “if only”, the phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.5. …you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. You did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.6. The Old Man said to me trickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “If only we’d got here ten seconds earlier, we’d have caught the cab.” I laughed and understood what he meant. So I followed his advice and said, “Next time I’ll run faster”.III. 1. The whole plan fell through for want of fund.2. Newton is acknowledged as one of the world’s most eminent scientists.3. He calculates the cost of production with invariable accuracy.4. The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words.5. The young clerk from the commercial bankLANGUAGE WORKI. 1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. DIII. 1. predominantly, prevailing 2. preferential 3. tremulous 4. inadvisable, shrinkage 5. sensitive, terrorism/terror6. magnifying7. unapproachable, fictitious8. unbecoming/becoming9. unaccountable 10. disorientation 11. persuasion, entreaties 12. irremediableIV. 1. blame 2. reproached 3. blamed/reproached 4. reproached5. rebuke/reprimand6. reprimanded7. rebuke/scold/reprimand8. reprimanded9. reprimanded 10. scolded 11. reproach 12. scoldedV. 1. on 2. In 3. over 4. in 5. from 6. beneath 7. with 8. in 9. of 10. Since 11. to 12. in 13. with 14. with 15. between 16. with 17. to 18. In 19. on 20. In 21. to 22. on 23. in 24. likeVI. 1. ash 2. outbreaks 3. interval 4. eruption 5. volcanologist 6. which 7. lava 8. cone 9. flood 10. under 11. crater 12. began 13. cauliflower 14. like 15. andUnit TwoTEXT ITHE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF未修订前的练习答案：I. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:“Never put off till tomorrow,” 1exhorted Lord Chesterfield in 1749, “what you can do today.”’ That the elegant earl never 2got around to marrying his son’s mother an d had a bad habit of keeping 3worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom 4attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever. Quintus Fabius Maximus, one of the great Roman generals, was 5dubbed “Cunctator” (Delayer) for putting off battle 6until the last possible vinum break. Moses 7pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah’s edict to Pharaoh. Hamlet, of course, raised procrastination to an art form.There are those who prepare their income taxes in February, prepay mortgages and serve precisely planned dinners at an 8ungodly 6: 30 p.m. The other half dine happily on leftovers at 9 or 10, misplace bills and 9file for an extension of the income tax deadline. They seldom pay credit-card bills until the 10apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver. They postpone, 11as Faustian encounters) visits to barbershop, dentist or doctor.Yet 12for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.From Cunctator’ s day until this century, the art of postponement had been 13virtually a monopoly of the military (“Hurry up and wait”), diplomacy and the law. In former times, a British proconsul faced with a native uprising could comfortably 14ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling” in hand. 15Blessedly, he had no flattering Telex to order in machine guns and fresh troops.Even 16where there is no will, there is a way. There is a difference, of course, between chronic procrastination and purposeful postponement, particularly 17in the higher echelons of business.The data explosion 18fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction —another report to be read, another authority to be consulted.His point is well 19taken. 20Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal --- and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made.Many languages are 21studded with phrases that refer to putting things off ---from the Spanish maiana to the Arabic bukrafil mishmish.There are all sorts of 22rationalizations: the pressure of teaching responsibilities at home, checking out the latest book, looking up another footnote.”To Georgia State Psychologist Joen Fagan, however; procrastination may be a kind of 23subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial.It is something of 24a truism that to put off making a decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, 25for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or 26an entree, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough’s archite cts and laborers 15 years to construct. In the process, the design can 27mellow and marinate.In other words, 28pace Lord Chesterfield, what you don’t necessarily have to do today, by all means put off until tomorrow.I. Paraphrase1. exhorted: urged strongly2. the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother: found time for3. a habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours: men of importance like Dr. Johnson waiting4. That.…attests to the fact that: proves5. one of the great Roman generals was dubbed "Cunctator": named humorously6. for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break: until an effective defense deserving a celebration with champagne was ensureda speech defect, and that he had reasons for8. at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: unreasonable9. to file for an extension of the income tax deadline: apply officially10.until the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver: warning, suggests unavoidable destruction11.They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop: as if they will see devils13.the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military, diplomacy and the law: found almost only in the field of14.to ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand: go over in mind repeatedly and slowly15.Blessedly, he had no nattering Telex to order machine guns and fresh troops: fortunately, noisy16.Even there is no will, there is a way: there is no will to delay, there is a way to do so.17.in the higher echelons of business: in the case of higher levels18.The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction: encourages, doing nothing19.His point is will taken: accepteddeveloped very quickly as a result of the expanding administrative structure and the greater complexity of society, were made to restrict policymakers, who have to be engaged in endless paperwork, mediation and reconsideration21.Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off: filled22.There are all sorts of rationalizations: reasons23.a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial: way outside one's conscious awareness24.It is something of a truism: an undoubted truth25.for that matter: as further concerns the thing mentioned26.So…is the creation of an entree: a small carefully prepared meat dish27.the design can mellow and marinate: ripen and mature28.pace Lord Chesterfield: with all due respect toII. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.1. That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son’s mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever.The fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever can be testified ___ by the elegant earl who never got around to marrying his son’s mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom.2. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah’s edict to Pharaoh.By saying that he had a speech defect, Moses rationalized his reluctance to deliver Jehovah’s edict to Pharaoh.3. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.Although procrastination may incur, delay can, yet, often inspire and revive a creative soul.4. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother the policy-makers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal.The design of bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was to smoother the policy-makers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal.5. There is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed.Procrastination has been honored long, suggesting that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed.III. Translate the following into English1.事实上，拖延这种现象的漫长而骄人的历史本身就已经表明，许多构想和决定如果加以推迟可能会更为圆满。
李观仪新编英语教程第六册翻译
1 由于缺少资金，整个计划失败了The whole plan fell through for want of fund.2 牛顿被公认为是世界最杰出的科学家之一。
Newton is actnowledged as one of the world;s most eminent scientists.3 他对生产成本的估算总是准确无误He calcuates the cost of production with invariable accuracy4 公司发言人的不负责任的讲话受到了严厉的指责The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words.5 这名商业银行的年轻职员看出那张十英镑的假币The young clerk from the commercial bank soitted thecorinterfeit ten-pound note.6 这个精干的经理立刻行动起来The efficient manager acted promptly7 请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字Pleasure replace her name for yours on the waiting list8 她觉得她在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段宝贵的经历Shen found that her internship in the local general hospital was a rewarding experience9 不要感叹过去得不幸，振作起来行前看Don't lament your past misfortunes., keep your shin up and look to the future 1 富兰克林在他的自传里力劝读者要勤俭Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography.2.谁能证实这签名无讹Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature?3. 人们给它起了小家伙的绰号。
(NEW)李观仪《新编英语教程(6)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
34. cardboard [5kB:dbC:d] n. thick, stiff paper that is used, for example, to make boxes and models 硬纸板
35. bitterly [5bitEli] adj. very; violently 强烈地；非常 bitterly upset 极其难 过
24. perverse [pE(:)5vE:s] adj. Directed away from what is right or good; perverted. (行为)任性的，蛮不讲理的 e.g. She was perversely pleased to be causing trouble. 她制造麻烦，还乐在其中，真是反常。
14. long since—long ago很久以前
15. cease [si:s] v. come or bring (sth.) to an end; stop停止，中止
16. at some length—in some detail详细地
17. melancholy [5melEnkEli] adj. very sad; depressed悲哀的；沮丧的； n. 忧郁；悲哀；愁思(sadness , doldrums)e.g. Melancholy is the preponderant mood of the poem. 忧郁的感情是该诗的基调。
的，专注的；e.g. She looked from one intent face to another. 她看着一张 张专注的面孔。 adj. 坚决的；e.g. The rebels are obviously intent on keeping up the pressure.反叛分子显然决心继续施加压力。 n. 意图，目 的；But it is our intent that they learn something. 但是我们的目的就是让他 们学到东西。
李观仪新编英语教程第六册unit 9a red light for scofflaws
the bear: the Soviet Union the dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon) c. Parts of the body heart: feelings and emotions head, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reason grey hair: old age d. Profession: the press: newspapers, reporters etc. He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel. the bar: the legal profession e. location of government, business etc. Downing Street: the British Government the White House: the US president and his government the Capital Hill: US Congress Wall Street: US financial circles Hollywood: American filmmaking industry
3
About the title
Traffic lights Red light: “stop” signals on roads; danger signals on railways; (fig) warning
4
Definition of SCOFFLAW: (chiefly U.S.) one who treats the law with contempt, especially a person who avoids various kinds of not easily enforceable laws常违反法规者、藐视法律者 Word formation: scoff (v., deride; ridicule irreverently) + law (n.) n. scofflawry 藐视法律的行为或实质
新编英语教程 6 Unit 10 教案
Unit 10TEXT ISTRAIGHT-A ILLITERACYJames P. DegnanObjectives: to understand what straight-A illiteracy means and define it;to make a comparison between ordinary illiteracy and straight-A illiteracy and comments on it;to discuss the appropriate diction in writing.Pre-reading Questions1. What does ‘straight-A illiteracy’ mean?A straight-A student is one who gets A’s for all the courses he takes. He is generally admired for his excellent scholarship.It seems paradoxi cal to call someone a ‘straight-A illiterate’. What does the author mean by it? Read the article and try to understand and define what straight-A illiteracy means.In-reading ComprehensionPara. 11. as often as not: at least half the time; frequently2. How many kinds of illiterate according to D.?Two kinds: ordinary illiterates who are unable to read or write. There are quite a lot of this kind of illiterates in schools.straight-A illiterate who is typically a Ph.D., a successful professor and textbook author, and who is more influential.3. Why does D say that a straight-A illiterate is more influential? (comp. 3-2)He is usu. one who occupies a position at the top of the academic hierarchy; the way he writes is considered exemplary, and his judgment of what is appropriate is directive.4. What do people do with these two kinds of illiterate?More concern has been shown for the ordinary illiterates. People even make fuss about this kind of illiteracy. However, little attention is aroused to straight-A illiterates. So, the purpose of this article is to give them as much attention as has been paid to ordinary illiterates. (ll. 6-7)Para. 21. What is this para. about?D’s treatment with a disease of straight-A illiteracy in his office.2. Do you think D’s comparison of straight-A illiteracy to a disease is appropriate? Explain. (comp. 3-3)Yes. Like a disease, it victimizes healthy persons; it has its symptoms, and its agents.3. Who is the straight-A illiterate?a college senior ... outstanding graduate schools.He is extremely clever and highly talented in language. He has done an excellent job in his studies, so he has been awarded an opportunity to further his study in one of the nation’s best graduate schools.4. How does the treatment go?They have been going over the student’s paper sentence by sentence, word by word for an hour, prying and probing for its meaning.‘Prying and probing’, the repetition of the same structure, is to emphasize the extreme difficulty of the task.5. Are there any other words to highlight the extreme difficulty in understanding Mr. Bright’s paper? (comp. 3-4)interrogating, cross-examining, pause to catch my breath, on earth, his brow furrowed, tries mightily, finally ... finally, another hour, decode ....6. Try to explain why the following pairs of sentences are the same in meaning: ll. 15-17, ll. 23 (comp. 3-8)As intended by the student, ‘The choice ... multi-colinearity’ corresponds to ‘demand’ while ‘... the derivations ... coefficients’ corresponds to ‘supply’.This is a very abstruse sentence to unravel.7. Why does D insert the word ‘allegorically’ in ‘... whom I call, allegorically,Mr. Bright’? (comp. 3-5)‘allegory’ in Lib. Work.When the author calls his student Mr. Bright allegorically, he does not mean to refer to this particular straight-A student only. He is using the term to cover all those students, college seniors, and Ph.D.’s who may seem bright when judged by their academic records, but who nevertheless fail to detect gibberish in their own writings or in those of others.The student given the name Mr. Bright thus becomes a symbol.Is he really bright? No, here in an ironical sense.Para. 31. It attacks best minds, ... in that of others.It does harm to the most intelligent individual and, by and by, wears away his ability to judge, eventually reducing him to being unable t Para. 3o detect nonsense either in his own writing or in that of others.This is the harm that straight-A illiteracy does to people.2. Reword the following sentences so that they are more easily understood: ll. 34-35, ll. 37-41 (comp. 3-9)ll. 34-35: The shop assistants had better have in stock what our customers need, or we won’t be in business long (=This is said or written by an ordinary illiterate, who is poor at spelling (them), pronunciation, punctuation, grammar (had + better, stock -up on, ain’t gonna be). So he makes many mistakes, and so he is kept out of institutions of higher learning. (l. 33)ll. 37-41: You must focus your attention on what your customers need so that you are able to tell what is necessary from what is unnecessary when you replenish your stock.This is written by a straight-A illiterate, who would never make spelling, grammar, punctuation mistakes, but who is incapable of making his ideas simple and clear in his writing. However, it is for writing this gibberish that he can be awarded straight As on his papers and the opportunity to continue his study, receiving higher and higher education until he has successfully got the Ph.D.The higher education one receives, the more serious his disease of straight-A illiteracy becomes. (ll. 27-28)3. Make complete the elliptical sentence ‘Not our man’. What is the function? (comp. 3-6)‘This is not what our man would say’. This ellipsis contrasts the two types of illiteracy, and with it D turns back from one type to the other.Para. 41. What is the major cause of straight-A illiteracy?the stuff - the textbooks and professional journals that the straight-A illiterate is forced to read during his years of higher education.He reads gibberish, and gradually he forms a habit of writing gibberish himself, which he has been instructed to learn an exemplary writing of sophisticated taste. (ll. 46-47)2. Give the examples of gibberish D quotes from professional journals.jargons as ‘ego-integrative action orientation’ and ‘orientation toward improvement of the graficational-deprivation balance of the actor’‘homologous’ or ‘isomorphic’, meaning ‘alike’‘allotropic’, meaning ‘different’‘dichotomize’ or ‘bifurcate’, meaning ‘divide anything3. D concludes his article by using quite a number of unintelligible words and expressions in place of clear and simple English. Is it effective? Why?This usual arrangement has undoubtedly enabled the reader once again to feel even more the absurdity of the practice to express simple ideas in an almost incomprehensible way, adding more weight to the point he intends to make. (Analysis)Post-reading Discussion1. Makeａdefinition of ‘straight-A illiteracy’. (comp. 1-A)2. What is the purpose of D’s writing? (comp. 3-1)to find the cause of straight-A illiteracy.to give straight-A illiterate equal time with his widely publicizedcounterpart. (para. 1)to expose and condemn the use of professional jargon, which fills the reading materials that highly educated people are forced to read as they pursue their education. (Analysis)3. Comp. 24. Group work: Compare briefly the two types of illiteracy. Which type in your opinion presents a graver problem to society? (comp. 3-10)TEXT IITHE QUALITIES OF GOOD WRITINGJacqueline Berke1. This is an excerpt from Twenty Questions for the Writer, a widely used writing textbook, the kind of which we need to read to further our learning by ourselves. What do you usu. do when you read this kind of book by yourselves? Underline or highlight the important words or sentences, or make notes of your own so as to get the gist of it. Suppose you have borrowed this book from the library and come to read this part. What will you do with it? Study the text individually before class and do what you usu. do to catch the gist.2. Have group work for about 20 mins., exchanging what you have learned after reading it, and preparing for a presentation of this text. Your presentation can be based on Questions 1, 2, & 4 on p165.3. Presentation: Ask 4 groups to present the three qualities and human nature of writing respectively.4. As college seniors, we need to choose those more specific, exact, meaningful words in our writing rather than those common words as ‘good’, ‘nice’, etc. Do you consider using those more specific, exact, meaningful words as a kind of straight-A illiteracy? Give your opinions.。
新编英语教程6 unit 10
Possible answer to the 3rd question:
The title of the essay seem strange and even paradoxical to us. This special group of illiterate people includes straight-A students in college, Ph.D. candidates, and even certain highly successful professors. They are illiterate not in the ordinary sense of the word, but in the sense that they can not say or write in plain/ simple English. The reason, as the author argues, is to be found in the textbooks these straight-A students are forced to read through years of higher education, which are filled with professional jargons and gibberish writing.
a coveted fellowship: a fellowship (i.e. the money given to postgraduate students to allow them to continue their studies at an advanced level) that everyone longs jealously to possess. 5. allegorically: figuratively allegory: (1) an allegory is a form of imaginative literature constructed in such a way that their readers are encouraged to look for meanings hidden beneath the literal surface of the fiction. (Encyclopaedia Britannica) (2) An allegory is a narrative in which the characters, events, and setting represent deeper
新编英语教程4(李观仪)-练习册汉译英1-10单元
新编英语教程4(李观仪)-练习册汉译英1-10单元 Unit 11.每当他午夜下班回家，他总是蹑手蹑脚地上楼，以免吵醒邻居。
Every time he returned home from work at midnight, he would tiptoe upstairs, trying not to disturb his neighbours.2.为了与新来的邻居建立一种和睦的关系，格林先生不失时机地主动帮她把行李搬进屋子。
To establish some kind of rapport with his new neighbour, Mr. Jones lost no chance in offering to carry her luggage into the house.3.米勒博士向我们推荐的文章集中论述了空气污染问题，同时也提到了诸如水污染，噪音污染和视觉污染等问题。
The article recommended by Dr. Miller centres on the problem of air pollution;meanwhile, it touches upon other issues such as water pollution, noise pollution and visual pollution.4.要不是她的朋友时常鼓励她、帮助她，她将一事无成。
If it had not been for the constant encouragement and help from her friends, she couldn’t have accomplished anything.5.几天前他还对这项计划嗤之以鼻，可是他现在却以高涨的热情去努力落实这项计划，这真是令人难以理解的转变。
It was only a few days ago that he was full of contempt for the new project, but he is now working hard with zest for its realization. What a baffling change!6.从她的自传可以断定，她对那名钢琴师始终怀有着一种复杂的感情。
英语综合考研李观仪《新编英语教程6》考研复习指南
英语综合考研李观仪《新编英语教程6》考研复习指南一、词汇短语Text I1sermon [5sE:mEn] n. talk or a moral or religious subject, usu. given by a clergy-man from the pulpit during a religious service 讲道(通常指教士在讲坛上做出的)；vi.布道2frustrated [frQ5streitid,5frQ-\] adj. discouraged; not satisfied失意的，挫败的3depressed [di5prest] adj. sad and without enthusiasm忧愁的；消沉的；沮丧的4miscalculation [5mis7kAlkju5leiFEn] n. mistake in calculation计算错误5considerable [kEn5sidErEbl] adj. great in amount or size相当多的，相当大的e.g. It will cost considerable time to lacquer the old furniture. 粉刷旧家具要花相当多时间。
6 fall through—fail to be completed; come to nothing落空，成为泡影7prospect [5prCspekt] n. reasonable hope that sth. will happen；expectation期望，有根据的希望；vt. 勘探；勘察；找矿e.g. to prospect a mine 勘探矿藏8muffle [5mQfl] vt. wrap or cover sb./sth. for warmth or protection包裹或覆盖某人(某物)(为保暖或保护)；e.g. Blake held his handkerchief over themouthpiece to muffle his voice.布莱克用手帕遮住话筒来压低声音。
新编英语教程6 unit10 12 13 译文
新编英语教程6第10单元译文全A 文盲1尽管我们学校为数众多的普通文盲目前得到极大的关注，但是，我们却忽略了另一类文盲，这类文盲的困境，在从很多方面来讲，更加事关重大，因为他们更具有影响力。
这类文盲通常是一位大学的校长，但他也是位典型的博士、成功的教授和教科书作者。
我把这个人称为全A文盲，蔚蓝给予全A文盲和普通文盲一样的关注，才有了下文。
2以下的场景是我的办公室，我正在工作，做着协助治疗全A文盲（多年来我一直这样称呼这种病症）所必须做的事。
我对一篇学生论文进行询问。
查证，深入探求他的含义。
这是位平均成绩全A的大四学生，聪明绝顶、口齿伶俐，刚获得一所全国重点研究生院提供的令人羡慕的奖学金。
他和我一直在一句一句地、一字一字地分析这论文，已经进行了一个小时。
“有关多种共线外因变量的选择”，我默念着他的论文，“视某些多种相互关联的共同作用系数的衍生情况而定”。
我停下来喘了口气。
“那么看看这句话，”我询问这个学生（我讽喻寓言式地称呼他为聪明先生），“这句话，聪明先生，究竟是什么意思啊？”聪明先生锁眉苦思。
最终，结合了我们的语言学知识和想象力，又用了好像一个小时似的，终于破译了这句话。
我们搞清楚了聪明先生究竟试图表达的是什么，他真正想说的是什么，那就是：“供给决定需求”。
3在过去的大约十年间，我认识了许多像他这样的学生，许多大四学生都患上了这种聪明病。
侵袭了最优秀的心灵，逐渐摧毁批判的能力，使得他们丧失了发现自己或别人文章中那些莫名其妙、毫无意义的话的本领。
在高等教育期间，这种病更加恶化，特别是一般在受害者拿到博士学位的时候，进入晚期、显然，聪明病的受害者不是普通的文盲病。
他提交的论文里从来不会有拼写错误或标点错误；他从不使用双重否定或“irregardless”这样的词语（译者按：无论在标准或非标准变化体中都没有这个词真正的前身。
该词可能把“irrespective”和“regardless”合在一起生造出来的。
李观仪《新编英语教程》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】-unit10~unit12
Unit 10一、词汇短语Text I1. fuss n. needlessly nervous or useless activity.忙乱，大惊小怪e.g. The oldlady soon got into a fuss. 老妇人很快就紧张起来。
2. overpopulate v. to fill (an area) with excessivepopulation. 使(一地区)人口过剩,使人口过密e.g. The downtown is beingoverpopulated. 闹市区的人口越来越稠密了。
3. n. a situation, specially a bad or unfortunate one. 情况，状态，困境，盟誓(婚姻)4. counterpart n. one that closely resembles another. 副本，极相似的人或物，配对物5. n. unable to read and write. 文盲；adj. 不识字的，没受教育的e.g. A large percentage of the population is illiterate. 人口中文盲的比例相当高。
6. assist v. to gor supplement. 援助，帮助；通常用作assist sb. in doing sth. 或assist sb. with sth.即“帮助某人做某事”。
7. interrogate v.to examine by questioning formally orofficially. 审问，询问e.g. I interrogated everyone even slightly involved. 我审问了每个人，即便是稍有关联的人也在其中。
8. prying adj. insistently or impertinently curious or inquisitive. 窥视的，窥探的，爱打听的e.g. You are such a prying student. 你真是个爱打听的学生。
新编英语教程6李观仪第3版学习指南及练习题库答案
新编英语教程6李观仪第3版学习指南及练习题库答案李观仪《新编英语教程（6）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】内容简介《新编英语教程（第3版）学习指南》按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及单元语法、词汇短语、参考译文、课文精解以及练习答案等内容，旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教材中的重点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大英语专业学生和英语自学者的喜爱和认可。
•试看部分内容Unit 1一、词汇短语T ex t I1.s e r mo n[5s E:m E n]n.ta l k o r a mo r a l o r r e l i g i o u s s u b j e c t,u s u.g i v en b y a c l e r gy-man f r o m t h e p u lp i t d u r in g a r e l i g iou s s er vic e 讲道(通常指教士在讲坛上做出的)；v i.布道2.f r u st r a te d[f r Q5str e i ti d,5f r Q-\]a d j.dis c ou r a ged; n o t s a tis fi ed 失意的，挫败的3.d e p r e s s e d[d i5p r e s t]a d j.s a d a n d w i t h o u t e n t h u s i a s m忧愁的；消沉的；沮丧的4.m i s c a l c u l a t i o n[5m i s7k A l k j u5l e i F E n]n.m i s t a k e i n c a l c u l a t i o n 计算错误5.c o n s i d e r a b l e[k E n5s i d E r E b l]a d j.g r e a t i n a m o u n t o r s i z e相当多的，相当大的 e.g.I t w i l l c o s t c o n s i d er ab l e t i m e t o l a c q u er th e old fu rn i tu re. 粉刷旧家具要花相当多时间。
新编英语教程6unit9、10课文翻译
新编英语教程6unit9、10课文翻译Unit 9 T ext I A Red Light for Scofflaws 对藐视法律者的警告弗兰克·特里皮特法律和秩序时美国历史上最悠久的政治问题，可能也是人们最喜爱探讨的政治问题。
然而，一个显而易见令人心痛的事实是，数百万那些从来不认为自己违法，更不用说犯罪了的美国人从来不认为自己曾经违法，更不用说犯罪了；他们正越来越随便地对待旨在保护美国社会并促进其发展的法规。
这一显而易见的事实令人厌烦心痛。
虽然人们制定了法规来保护社会并促进其发展，但是上述美国人却享有了越来越多的自由。
事实上，当今社会充斥着非法乱丢垃圾、骗税、非法制造噪音和机动车秩序混乱的现象，以致于有时候藐视法律的行为有时候让人看来好像代表了未来发展的潮流。
哈佛大学的社会学家戴维·里斯曼察觉到，大部分美国人已轻率地养成了一种习惯，犯一些据称是轻微的失职，把这当成是理所当然的事情。
里斯曼他早先说，美国社会的伦理道德已经正面临着逐渐沦落为“傻子才会遵守规则”这种危险的情况境地。
支持里斯曼这一说法的证据是再明显不过的了。
藐视法律者数量众多，以各种各样的方式存在，其数目令人吃惊。
喜欢涂鸦的人把公共场所的墙面变成了视觉垃圾。
骑自行车的人经常把车骑得好像两轮得交通工具不受所有得交通法规约束一样。
喜欢习惯乱丢垃圾得人把自己得社区变成垃圾堆。
一阵一阵得法规条文虽然铺天盖地、来势汹汹，但是，却无法把高分贝得便携式收音机从公共场所清除出去，这就像正如早先得法律无法消除因啤酒引用过度而导致得困扰众多公园的流氓行为一样。
令人绝望的是，烟鬼们仍然不可救药地对“禁止吸烟”的标记熟视无睹。
穿着体面的大麻吸食者的人再在分烟卷时，也懒得麻烦，不再而劳烦自己避人耳目，巧妙地避开公众的视线。
明目张胆地使用可卡因这一丑行正在中上阶层社会人生活当中逐渐恶化愈演愈烈。
此外还有那些（哈罗，各位）乱穿马路的人。
藐视法律引起的危险程度，在不同情况下相差别很大。
高级英语教学大纲
《高级英语》教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称：高级英语课程类别：（1）课程模块：专业核心（2）课程属性：必修。
学分/学时：总160学时（10学分），其中理论学时：156 实践学时：4适用对象：英语专业开课单位/教研室：外语系二、课程设置目的与教学目标1、课程设置目的：高级英语是英语语言文学专业高年级阶段的一门理论与实践相结合的专业必修课，课程对象为英语专业三、四年级学生。
本课程旨在通过听说读写译五项技能的综合训练，提高学生的听力水平，阅读理解能力、语法修辞、写作能力和即席发言、连贯表达乃至辩论能力。
课程通过阅读和分析内容广泛的材料，提高学生的阅读速度和词义辨析能力，扩大学生知识面，加深学生对社会和人生的理解，培养学生对语篇的分析和鉴赏能力、逻辑思维与独立思考能力，巩固和提高学生的英语语言技能，尤其是语言应用能力。
2、教学目标：通过高级英语课教学，学生应达到高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会修订的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》所规定的要求：认知词汇达10000以上，能正确而熟练地使用其中5000多个单词及其最常用的搭配；能熟练掌握句子之间和段落之间的各种衔接手段，连贯地表达思想；能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的文章、英语国家出版的有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品，能分析文章的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法等。
高级英语课程教学的重点在于提高学生阅读理解和词汇运用能力，即能掌握和使用所学词汇，特别是同义词、近义词的区分和使用；正确理解文章的内容和主题思想，抓住文章的要点，分析文章的结构、语言技巧和修辞特点；提高学生的语言表达能力，能用英语解释文章中的难句、要点；提高学生逻辑思维和判断评述能力，能用英语归纳文章的主题思想，并能对文章的内容进行简单的分析、评论。
三、教学内容及要求四、教学基本要求《高级英语》课程是《基础英语》课程的延续，对学生的听、说、读、写、译等技能提出更高的培养要求。
本课程不同于《基础英语》的是它更注重阅读和写作技能的训练，更强调加强学生的创造力，要求学生从有控制的联系过渡到自然的交际。
李观仪《新编英语教程(修订版)》学习指南-Unit 10至Unit 12【圣才出品】
Unit10一、单元语法本单元主要涉及将来进行时、将来完成时、将来完成进行时。
1．将来进行时（1）表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作或按计划、安排、决定预料将要发生的事。
例如：This time next week we shall be working in that factory.下个星期的这时候，我们将在那个工厂劳动。
（2）常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等，例如：Will you be having dinner at home tonight?你今晚在家吃饭吗？2．将来完成时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。
经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，其结构为will/shall have been done。
例如：We’ll have been learned7,000words by the end of this semester.这个学期末，我们将学到7000个单词了。
I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow.希望在你明天来之前，我们已经获得了所有信息。
3．将来完成进行时将来完成进行时表示从某时刻开始到将来某时刻前一直进行，并可能继续进行的动作。
主要是强调动作本身，其结构为will/shall have been doing。
（1）表示将来某时某事之前业已在发生的动作，例如：He will have been playing on the piano by that time.（2）表示将来某时某动作已持续多久，例如：By six this evening I shall have been working for ten hours.到晚上6点时，我就已经工作10小时了。
It will have been raining for a whole week if it rains again tomorrow.如果明天继续下雨的话，那就下了整整一星期雨了。
新编英语教程6 练习与答案
高级英语（二）教与学指南Practice Testsfor Advanced English(2)主编张华鸿前言编写本书的目的：目前英语专业三年级所使用的由上海外国语大学李观仪教授主编的〈新编英语教程〉第五、六册本书的主要特点：1．紧扣精读课文编写练习，实用性、针对性强。
2．对于同义词辨析的练习配以详尽的解释和相应的例句，旨在帮助学生真正弄懂并掌握这些词的用法。
3．设计了旨在提高学生语言运用熟练程度的系列练习，分别为：一、英语释义二、英语句型转换三、汉译英四、完形填空五、成段改错4．练习均配有参考答案。
本书由张华鸿主编。
高华老师负责编写同义词辨析部分；郑艳丽老师负责编写句型转换部分；张华鸿老师负责编写英语释义、汉译英、完形填空和成段改错四部分，以及全书的编排、设计、整合与审编定稿等工作。
本书承华南师范大学外国语言文化学院领导的大力支持，以及英语系高年级教研室全体同仁的热心帮助，编者在此表示衷心的感谢。
编者2003年1月于华南师范大学外文学院ContentsUnit One: VESUVIUS ERUPTS 3 Unit Two: THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF16 Unit Three: WALLS AND BARRIERS28 Unit Four: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？40 Unit Five: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？53 Unit Six: DULL WORK65 Unit Seven:BEAUTY 74 Unit Eight: APPETITE84 Unit Nine: A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS98 Unit Ten: STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY114131 Unit Eleven: ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TOFLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVIONUnit Twelve: GRANT AND LEE147 Unit Thirteen: EUPHEMISM163 Unit Fourteen: THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR---NA TURE175 Unit Fifteen: TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERING191Unit OneTEXT IVESUVIUS ERUPTSI. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:So the letter which you asked me to write on my uncle’s death has made you eager to hear about the terrors and also the hazards I had to face 1when left at Misenum, for I 2broke off at the beginning of this part of my story.I took a bath, dined, and then dozed 3fitfully for a while. For several days past there had been earth 4tremors which were not particularly alarming because they are frequent in Campania: but that night the shocks were so violent that everything fell as if it were not only shaken but overturned.I don’t know whether I sh ould call this courage or 5folly on my part (I was only seventeen at the time) but I 6called for a volume of Livy and went on reading as if I had nothing else to do.Up came a friend of my uncle’s who had just come from Spain to join him. When he saw us sitting there and me actually reading, he scolded us both —me for my 7foolhardiness and my mother for allowing it.By now it was dawn [25 August in the year 79], but the light was still dim and 8faint. The buildings round us were already 9tottering, and the open space we were in was too small for us not to be in real and 10imminent danger if the house collapsed. This finally 11decided us to leave the town. We were followed by a panic- stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else’s decision 12in preference to their own (a point in which fear looks like 13prudence), who 14hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.We also saw the sea sucked away and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at any rate it receded from the shore so that 15quantities of sea creatures were left 16stranded on dry sand. On the landward side a fearful black cloud was 17rent by forked and quivering bursts of flame, and parted to reveal great tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified in size.At t his point my uncle’s friend from Spain 18spoke up still more urgently: “If your brother, if your uncle is still alive, he will want you both to be saved; if he is dead, he would want you to survive him so why put off your escape?”Soon afterwards the cloud sank down to earth and covered the sea; it had already 19blotted out Capri and hidden the promontory of Misenum from sight. Then my mother 20implored, entreated, and commanded me to escape as best I couldI looked round: a dense black cloud was coming up behind us, spreading over the earth like a flood. “Let us leave the road while we can still see,” I said, “or we shall be knocked down and 21trampled underfoot in the dark by the crowd behind.”You could hear the shrieks of women, the 22wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People 23bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who 24prayed for death in their terror of dying. Many 25besought the aid of the gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness forevermore. There were people, too, who 26added to the real perils byinventing 27fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them. A 28gleam of light returned, but we took this to be a warning of the approaching flames rather than daylight.I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear 29escaped me in these perils, 30had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it.We returned to Misenum where we 31attended to our physical needs as best we could, and then spent an anxious night alternating between hope and fear.II. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.1. We were followed by a panic-stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else’s decision in preference to their own, who hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.Panic-stricken, the mob of people close behind us ___________ _ 2. We replied that we would not think of considering our own safety as long as we were uncertain of his.Unless we were ___________________________________3. There were people, too, who added to the real perils by inventing fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them.By reporting that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, _______ 4. I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils, had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it.Because I derived some poor consolation_____________________5. Several hysterical individuals made their own and other people’s calamities seem ludicrous in comparison with their frightful predictions.Compared with several individuals’ frightful predictions, the calamities____________ III. Translate the following into English1. 还未等我们坐下来喘息，夜幕已经降临，这黑暗使你觉得不是在无月色或多云的夜晚，而像是在灯火熄灭的紧闭的房间里。
李观仪新编英语教程第六册unit 10 straight-A illiteracy
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目前全球共有约8亿文盲，主要分布在印度、中国、 印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦、巴西、尼日利亚、埃及等 国。中国文盲总数高居世界第二位，仅次于印度。 世界上每10个文盲中就有一个以上是中国人。中国 90%的文盲分布在农村，一半文盲在西部地区，文 盲中七成是女性。
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How important is literacy? some quotes
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Literacy is a bridge from misery to hope. It is a tool for daily life in modern society. It is a bulwark against poverty, and a building block of development, …… Literacy is a platform for democratization, and a vehicle for the promotion of cultural and national identity. Especially for girls and women, it is an agent of family health and nutrition. For everyone, everywhere, literacy is, along with education in general, a basic human right… Literacy is, finally, the road to human progress and the means through which every man, woman and child can realize his or her full potential.
新编英语教程李观仪考试真题
新编英语教程李观仪考试真题深度解析与备考策略The New English Coursebook, authored by Li Guanyi, has been a popular textbook for English learners in China for many years. Its comprehensive coverage of language skills and cultural insights makes it a trusted resource for students preparing for various English exams. The examination questions based on this textbook are not only a test of linguistic knowledge but also a measure of astudent's ability to apply their learning in real-world contexts. In this article, we will delve into the examination questions from Li Guanyi's New English Coursebook, analyzing their patterns and difficulties, and providing effective study strategies for exam preparation.**1. Examination Question Patterns and Difficulties**The examination questions from the New English Coursebook typically follow a predictable pattern, covering a range of topics and skills. Reading comprehension passages often focus on cultural differences, social issues, or scientific advancements, testing the student's abilityto extract key information and understand the impliedmeanings. Vocabulary and grammar questions assess the student's mastery of the language's building blocks, while listening and speaking sections evaluate their ability to communicate effectively.One of the challenges in preparing for these exams is the wide range of content covered. Students need to bewell-versed in a variety of subjects and be able to apply their language skills across different contexts. Additionally, the exams often require a high level of critical thinking and analytical ability, asking students to evaluate arguments, compare and contrast information, and make inferences based on limited data.**2. Effective Study Strategies**To successfully prepare for exams based on the New English Coursebook, students should follow a structured study plan. Here are some key strategies:* **Focus on Core Skills:** Prioritize the areas where you need the most improvement. If you struggle with reading comprehension, dedicate more time to practicing this skill by reading a variety of materials and practicing extracting key information. * **Review and Retain Vocabulary:** Createa vocabulary list based on the words and phrases from the textbook and review it regularly. Use contextual clues and mnemonics to help you retain new vocabulary. * **Practice with Exam-Like Materials:** Find practice exams or quizzes that closely resemble the format and difficulty of the actual exam. This will help you familiarize yourself with the exam pattern and improve your time management skills. * **Develop Listening and Speaking Skills:** Engage in conversational practice with native speakers or through language exchange programs. Listen to English podcasts, news reports, or movies to improve your listening comprehension. * **Maintain a Balanced Approach:** Don't neglect any section of the exam. Allocate enough time to each skill, ensuring that you are proficient in all areas. **Conclusion**Preparing for exams based on the New English Coursebook requires a comprehensive approach that covers all aspects of language learning. By following effective study strategies and focusing on core skills, students can confidently face the challenges of these exams and achieve their desired results. Remember, consistent practice anddedication are key to success in any language learning endeavor.**新编英语教程李观仪考试真题深度解析与备考策略** 多年来，李观仪所著的《新编英语教程》一直是中国英语学习者中非常受欢迎的教材。
新编英语教程6unit10分析解析
1.gibberish: nonsense talk The use of gibberish is sometimes a sign of schizophrenia. 2.providentially: according to divine (God’s) plan; happen when desired; luckily 3.inexorably: unrelentingly; mercilessly Seize every opportunity to learn more, for time passes inexorably.
4. He reads gibberish, and gradually he forms a habit of writing gibberish himself, which he has been instructed to learn as exemplary writing of sophisticated taste. (ll.46-47)
2. We both use all the knowledge and imagination we can summon, trying to figure out the actual sense, and after practically one hour, we eventually are able to understand it.(ll.20-21) 3. It does harm to the most intelligent individuals and, by and by, wears away his ability to judge, reducing him to being unable to detect nonsense either in his own writing or in that of others.
新编英语教程6 主编李观仪 1-7单元课件
Unit OneText I Two Words to Avoid, Two Words to RememberI. Library Work1. Manhattan, an island near the mouth of the Hudson River, is a borough of New York City, in southeastern New York State, Commercial and cultural heart of the city, Manhattan is the site of the Metropolitan Opera House, Carnegie Hall, the City Center of Music and Drama,I. Library Workand numerous other music institutions. Main museums and art galleries of Manhattan include the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and American Museum of Natural History, etc. Columbia University and New York University are also located here. Among other points ofI. Library Workinterest are the Rockefeller Center, the Empire State Building.A psychiatrist is a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis, and treatment of mental illness. Generally, after completion of medical training, physicians take a three-year residency in psychiatry to become qualifiedI. Library Workpsychiatrists. As psychiatry is an area of medicine, psychiatrists tend to view and conceptualize disordered behavior as types of mental illness.Those who have mental illness, psychological and emotional disorders consult psychiatrists.I. Library WorkSigmund Freud /‵zikmunt ‵froit/ (1856 - 1939) is an Austrian physician and the founder of psychoanalysis. Freud explored the workings of the human mind and developed psychoanalysis as a therapeutic technique to treat neurosis or mental disturbances. His idea of the unconscious mental processes and hisI. Library Worktheory that a principal cause of neurosis is the repression of painful memories into the unconscious hold a central place in psychology and psychiatry today.II. Organization of the TextI. Setting of the story (Paragraphs 1 – 3)①The instructive significance of the story (1)②Setting (2 – 3)II. Development of the story (Paragraphs 4 – 31)①In the little French restaurant (4 – 8)II. Organization of the Text②In the Old Man’s office (9 – 26)③Outside the office (27 -31)III. Denouement or conclusion (Paragraphs 32 – 33)III. Key Points of the TextParagraph 1rewarding: worth doing; satisfyingchange for the better: improve something that already exists or that has gone before 向着较好的情况转变；为了取得更好的结果Paragraph 1.: His health has changed for the better. 他的健康状况已有好转。
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The issue of illiteracy (widely publicized)
“Figures of 1998 show that 20% of the world population is illiterate ‖ from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ―Since 1983, more than 10 million Americans have reached the 12th grade without being able to read at a basic level. Over 20 million have reached their senior year unable to do basic math. Almost 25 million have reached 12th grade without knowing the essentials of U.S. history.‖
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What kind of a person is an illiterate? Person 1). having little or no education; 2). Showing a lack of familiarity with language or literature; 3). Showing a lack of particular field of knowledge (musically illiterate)
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Scan the following article and find out what is functional illiteracy, cultural illiteracy, and moral illiteracy. Three kinds of illiteracy 如何看待蒋海松机场吻别女友事件？ 美国新泽西州纽瓦克国际机场因为一名中国博士为 了和女友吻别违规闯入警戒线，导致该美国机场关 闭6小时，数千人的行程被耽误。事发之后，这名叫 蒋海松的新泽西州罗格斯大学分子生物学联合项目 二十八岁的博士研究生被逮捕，并将受到非法闯入 罪名的起诉。（消息来源《广州日报》）
Straight-A Illiteracy
高分低能 ; 全A文盲
James P. Degnan
By Maggie
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About the title straight
1.sick for five straight days; their fourth straight victory. (Uninterrupted; consecutive) 2. a straight answer. (Direct and candid) 3. The room is straight again. (Neatly arranged; orderly) 4. straight business dealings. (Showing or marked by honesty or fair-mindedness) 5. homosexual or straight (Heterosexual.) 6. Two straight whiskies, please. (Not mixed with anything else)
/popread/popread882.htm
How important is literacy?
--source: Illiterate America By Alan Caruba web posted February 5, 2001
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目前全球共有约8亿文盲，主要分布在印度、中国、 印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦、巴西、尼日利亚、埃及等 国。中国文盲总数高居世界第二位，仅次于印度。 世界上每10个文盲中就有一个以上是中国人。中国 90%的文盲分布在农村，一半文盲在西部地区，文 盲中七成是女性。
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illiteracy
illiterate illiterates literate literacy: Literacy is the ability to both read and write. 有读写能力
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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Illiteracy and Kinds of Illiteracy
In 1930 the U.S. Bureau of the Census defined as illiterate any person over ten years of age who was unable to read and write in any language. By the next census (1940), however, the concept of ―functional‖ illiteracy was adopted, and any person with less than five years of schooling was considered functionally illiterate, or unable to engage in social activities in which literacy is assumed. by 1970, the U.S. Office of Education considered at least six years of schooling (and sometimes as many as eight) to be the minimum criterion for functional literacy. This crisis of education is manifested in three levels of illiteracy: functional illiteracy, cultural illiteracy, and moral illiteracy.