英皇乐理1-5级演奏指示Performance-Directions
英皇乐理~级演奏指示erformancedirections
（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel.Adagio Allegretto allegro andantecantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/D.C. dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderato p (=piano) pp (=pianissimo) pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful )at a walking pace in a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately ) moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quiet a little , slightly gradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐)，快板 如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处 强，响亮 很强 圆滑地 慢一半(适中) 中强 中弱 中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板) 弱 很弱 少许，稍 渐慢 渐慢 ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down ) detached speed ，time( a tempo : in time ) gradually getting louder演奏指示Performance一级：(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter (=diminuendo/decrescendo) detached(=staccato ) accentpause on the note (or rest) ( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度) 渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo )断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理1_5级演奏指示Performance_Directions
. word格式.（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel.AdagioAllegrettoallegroandantecantabilecrescendo/cresc.da capo/D.C.dal segno/D.S.decrescendo/decresc.dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte )(=fortissimo)legatolentomezzo(=mezzo forte )( =mezzo piano )moderatop(=piano)pp(=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall.ritardando/ritard./rit.gradually getting quickerslow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately )moderately loudmoderately quietmoderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick )quietvery quieta little , slightlygradually getting slowergradually getting slower逐渐加快慢(舒适)稍快(但不及allegro快)快(欢乐)，快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格渐强从头再奏回到记号“”处再奏渐弱渐弱结束处强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中)中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢演奏指示Performance Directions一级：ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down )detachedspeed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat fromthebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理1~5级演奏指示Performance Directions(精品资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegrettoallegroandante cantabile crescendo/cresc.da capo/D.C.dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim. fine( =forte )(=fortissimo) legatolento mezzo(=mezzo forte )( =mezzo piano )moderatop(=piano)pp(=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall.ritardando/ritard./rit.gradually getting quickerslow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately )moderately loudmoderately quietmoderately( allegro moderato ;moderately quick )quietvery quieta little , slightlygradually getting slowergradually getting slower演奏指示Performance Directions 一级：逐渐加快慢(舒适)稍快(但不及allegro快) 快(欢乐)，快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格渐强从头再奏回到记号“”处再奏渐弱渐弱结束处强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中) 中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢ritenuto/riten.staccato/state.tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediatelyslowing down )detachedspeed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decre scendo)detached(=staccato ) accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata ) repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the firstsign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeatfrom thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining twonotes ofthe same pitch into a singlesustainedsoundslur: perform the notessmoothly( a curved line over or undertwo ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理级演奏指示erformancedirections
（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegrettoallegro andante cantabilecrescendo/cresc.da capo/.dal segno/.decrescendo/decresc.dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderatop (=piano) pp (=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit.gradually getting quicker slow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloud very loud smoothly slowhalf( moderately ) moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quieta little , slightly gradually getting slower gradually getting slower逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐)，快板 如行走般的速度 如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处 强，响亮 很强 圆滑地 慢一半(适中) 中强 中弱 中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板) 弱 很弱 少许，稍 渐慢 渐慢演奏指示Performance一级：ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down )detachedspeed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat fromthebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇钢琴五级考级大纲英文版la chevaleresque
ABRSM Grade 5 Piano Syllabus: La ChevaleresqueIntroductionLa Chevaleresque is a piano piece composed by French composer Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller. It is one of the selected pieces for the ABRSM Grade 5 Piano examination. This syllabus will provide a detailed outline of the main sections and their respective sub-sections, ensuring clarity, comprehensiveness, and depth.Section 1: Technical RequirementsThis section will focus on the technical skills required to perform La Chevaleresque proficiently. It includes the following sub-sections:1.1 Scales and ArpeggiosStudents will be required to demonstrate proficiency in major and minor scales, as well as arpeggios, in all keys.1.2 Sight-readingStudents will be given a short piece of music to sight-read, testing their ability to read and interpret a new piece of music accurately and effectively.Section 2: RepertoireThis section will outline the main repertoire section of the Grade 5 examination, featuring La Chevaleresque as the selected piece. It includes the following sub-sections:2.1 La Chevaleresque - J ohann Friedrich Franz BurgmüllerStudents are expected to perform La Chevaleresque with precision and musicality. The piece consists of the following parts:2.1.1 IntroductionThe introduction sets the tone and mood of the piece, establishing a playful and adventurous atmosphere.2.1.2 Theme 1Theme 1 is characterized by its energetic and lively melody. The student should emphasize the dynamic contrasts and articulation nuances.2.1.3 TransitionThe transition serves as a bridge between Theme 1 and Theme 2. Students should pay attention to the phrasing and continuity during this section.2.1.4 Theme 2Theme 2 presents a contrasting melody to Theme 1, showcasing a more lyrical and expressive character. The student should highlight the melodic shape and use of dynamics.2.1.5 CodaThe coda brings the piece to a satisfying conclusion, with a final flourish. The student must maintain control and clarity throughout this section.2.2 Additional RepertoireIn addition to La Chevaleresque, students must also prepare and perform two contrasting pieces from the Grade 5 repertoire list provided by ABRSM. These pieces will test their ability to interpret different musical styles and genres.Section 3: Music TheoryThis section will cover the theoretical aspects necessary for the Grade 5 examination. It includes the following sub-sections:3.1 General KnowledgeStudents should demonstrate a good understanding of scales, modes, and ornamentation. They should be able to identify and define key musical terms related to La Chevaleresque and other pieces.3.2 Aural SkillsStudents will be assessed on their ability to recognize and identify melodic and harmonic intervals, chords, and cadences. They should also be able to sight-sing a given melody.3.3 Sight-singingStudents will be given a short melody to sight-sing, testing theirability to accurately reproduce pitch and rhythm.3.4 Score ReadingStudents will be required to analyze and interpret a musical score, demonstrating their understanding of key signatures, time signatures, and other notational elements.ConclusionThis syllabus provides a comprehensive and detailed outline of the ABRSM Grade 5 Piano examination, focusing on the piece “La Chevaleresque” by Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller. By mastering the technical requirements, performing the selected piece with musicality and precision, and demonstrating theoretical knowledge and skills, students will be well-prepared for the Grade 5 examination.。
英皇乐理 5级 乐器法
英皇乐理5级乐器法该主题研究的是英皇乐理的第五级乐器法。
在本文中，我将逐步回答与该主题相关的问题，并深入探讨乐器法的各个方面。
首先，我们需要了解什么是乐器法。
乐器法是指在演奏乐器时所遵循的技巧和规则。
这些技巧和规则可以帮助演奏者更加有效地掌握乐器，提高演奏的质量和表现力。
在英皇乐理的第五级乐器法中，我们将学习一系列的技巧和概念，其中包括音符和节拍的认知、演奏时的表情和动态等等。
这些都是成为一名优秀乐手所必备的基本技能。
在乐器法的学习中，我们首先要学习的是音符和节拍的认知。
音符是音乐中的基本单位，而节拍则决定了乐曲的节奏和节律。
在乐器法中，我们需要学会识别各种音符的名称和音符持续的时间。
此外，还要学会将音符与乐器上的指法和按键对应起来，以便准确地演奏乐曲。
除了音符和节拍，演奏时的表情和动态也是乐器法中非常重要的一部分。
表情和动态可以让乐曲更加生动和有感染力。
在乐器法的学习中，我们将学习如何通过演奏的方式来表达情感，例如通过变化的音量和速度来表达乐曲的起伏和变化。
此外，在英皇乐理的第五级乐器法中，我们还将学习如何进行乐器练习和演奏的规划。
乐器练习是提高演奏技巧和水平的关键。
我们将学习如何制定合理的练习计划，如何专注地进行练习，并学会如何克服乐器练习中的困难和挑战。
在乐器法的学习过程中，我们还将学习如何进行乐器的调整和维护。
乐器是演奏的工具，而一个良好的乐器状态可以直接影响演奏效果。
我们将学习如何调整乐器的音准、音量和音色，以及如何保养乐器的外观和内部构造。
此外，我们还将学习如何与其他乐手进行合奏和合作。
乐器法并不仅仅是个人的学习，也涉及到与其他乐手一起演奏和合作的技巧。
我们将学习如何与其他乐手协调节奏、表达情感和制定合奏的计划，以创造出更加和谐和美妙的音乐。
总之，英皇乐理的第五级乐器法涵盖了乐器演奏的各个方面。
通过学习乐器法，我们可以掌握音符和节拍的认知，提高演奏的表现力和技巧，规划乐器练习和演奏，调整和保养乐器，并学会与其他乐手进行合奏和合作。
英皇乐理~年级演奏指示erformancedirections
（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegretto allegro andante cantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/. dal segno/. decrescendo/decresc .dimimmndo/dim. fine ( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderatop (=piano) pp (=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease ) fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful ) at a walking pace in a singing style gradually getting louderrepeat from the beginning repeat from the signbecoming gradually softer becoming gradually softer the end loud very loud smoothly slowhalf( moderately )moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quieta little , slightlygradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐)，快板 如行走般的速度 如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处演奏指示Performance Directions一级：强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中)中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back( immediately slowing down ) detached speed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the secondsign，repeat the music from the firstsign(ifthe first sign is left out,repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining twonotes ofthe same pitch into a singlesustainedsoundslur: perform the notessmoothly( a curved line over or undertwo ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇钢琴考级乐理1-5级内容
英皇钢琴考级乐理1-5级内容由于报考英皇有很多的好处，所以很多家长都会让孩子报考英皇钢琴考级，但是英皇考级的也是有要注意的地方，想要报考英皇6-8级，必须要先考过乐理5级，那么乐理有哪些考试的内容呢？下面蘇蘇就为大家分享下乐理考级的内容，具体的内容在附件里面哦，感兴趣的话就一起来下载吧！乐理一级1、全音符、二分音符、四分音符、八分音符和十六分音符以及相应的休止符的时值（考生可以运用“the whole note”、“half note”等术语来表达）。
连音、单附点音符和休止符。
2、 2/4、3/4、4/4单拍子记号，小节线，以及以上列出的这些拍子范围内的音符组合。
为一个从第一拍开始的指定节奏，再创作两小节的节奏。
3、五线谱以及高音(G)和低音(F)谱号。
五线谱上的音符名称，包括两种谱号的中央C。
升号、降号、还原记号和还原方法。
4、大调音阶的构成，包括全音和半音的位置。
两种谱号的C大调、G大调、D大调和F大调的音阶和调号，及其主三和弦（原位）、音程度数（只需标明数字），及建立在主音上的音程（只需标明数字）。
5、有关速度、力度、演奏指示、发音等常用术语和记号，以及关于记录在高音或低音谱表上的一条旋律的简单问题。
乐理二级在一级的基础上增加如下内容：1．2/2，3/2，4/2，3/8单拍子记号，以及以上列出的这些拍子范围内的音符和休止符的组合。
三连音以及带有休止符的三连音组合。
问题包括：根据已有的开头，创作一条从第一拍开始的简单的四小节节奏。
2．在两种谱表上上加两线与下加两线的延伸部分。
3．小调音阶的构成（由考生选择“和声”或“旋律”小调，但希望考生知道他们所选择的是哪一种形式）。
A大调、降B大调和降E 大调以及A小调、E小调和D小调的音阶与调号，及其主三和弦(原位)、音程度数（只需标明数字），以及建立在主音上的音程（只需标明数字）。
4．更多常用的术语和记号。
乐理三级在之前等级的基础上增加如下内容：1．6/8，9/8，12/8复拍子记号，以及以上列出的这些拍子范围内的音符和休止符的组合。
英皇乐理~级演奏指示erformancedirections
（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel.Adagio Allegretto allegro andantecantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/D.C. dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderato p (=piano) pp (=pianissimo) pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful )at a walking pace in a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately ) moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quiet a little , slightly gradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐)，快板 如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处 强，响亮 很强 圆滑地 慢 一半(适中) 中强 中弱 中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板) 弱 很弱 少许，稍 渐慢 渐慢ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down ) detached speed ，time ( a tempo : in time ) gradually getting louder演奏指示Performance Directions一级：(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo) detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest) ( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度) 渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo) 断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理考级1-5级
英皇乐理考级（1-5）（ABRSM)乐理一级考试内容如下：一、全音符、二分音符、四分音符、八分音符和十六分音符等音符时值和符。
二、2/4，3/4，4/4等单拍子记号，小节线，和在这些拍子中涉及上列各的第一拍开始的指定节奏后面，加上两小节的节奏答句。
三、谱表及高音（G）和低音（F）谱号。
在谱表的音符名称，包括在两种记号和取消它们的做法。
四、大调音阶的构成——包括全音和半音的分布。
在两种谱表中的C,G,D,主三和弦（原位）、音阶度数（只须以数目表示），和以主音为基础的音五、有关速度、力度、演奏指示、发音法等的常用术语和符号。
还有一些表——来发问的简单题目。
一、2/2,3/2,4/2,3/8等单拍子记号，和在这些节奏中的音符、休止符组合。
问题将包括使用一个指定的开端，写作一段以一小节中第一拍开始的二、谱表的使用范围会扩展到包括谱表上面和下面两条附加线。
三、小调音阶的构成（考生可自行选择使用和声或旋律音阶，但须确定自等大调及A,E,D等小调的音阶和调号。
这几个调的主三和弦（原位）、音音为基础的音程（只须用数目表示）。
四、更多常用术语和符号。
乐理三级考试内容如下：在乐理一级和二级考试内容的基础上，增加以下内容：一、6/8，9/8，12/8等复拍子记号，和在这些节奏中的音符、休止符组及休止符。
问题将包括使用一个指定的开端（可能由弱拍开始），写作一节奏。
二、谱表的使用范围会扩展到使用超过两条附加线。
把一段简单旋律在高作八度移调。
三、直至四个升/降号的所有大调和小调，这些调的的音阶（小调音阶包式）、调号、主三和弦（原位）、音阶度数（只须用数目表示），和以主只须用数目表示）。
五、更多术语和符号。
在那些涉及一段旋律的简单问题中，或会有其中之乐理四级考试内容如下：在乐理一级至三级考试内容的基础上，增加以下内容：一、所有二拍、三拍及四拍的单拍子及复拍子记号，和在这些节奏中的音。
英国皇家音乐学院小提琴考级1-8级曲目分享
英国皇家音乐学院小提琴考级1-8级曲目分享考级的学院不同，考级的曲目也会不同的哦，对于英国皇家音乐学院的考生来说，很多人都想知道小提琴的考级曲目哦，下面蘇蘇就为大家分享下，希望对大家有所帮助哦！小提琴一级三首乐曲：考生从A、B、C三套曲目中分别选择一首A套曲目：1 Anon. King George I’s March, arr. Huws Jones2 M. Corrette Fanfare, arr. de Keyser and Waterman3 Trad. English The Vicar of Bray, arr. de Keyser1-3 Selected Violin Exam Pieces 2008–2011, Grade 1 (ABRSM Publishing)4 Sheila M. Nelson Dance of the Minor Thirds. Piece by Piece 2 for Violin, arr. Nelson (Boosey & Hawkes/MDS)5 Shinichi Suzuki Allegretto. No. 10 from Suzuki Violin School, Vol. 1 (Summy-Birchard/Faber: piano accomp. Published separately)6 Trad. To the Maypole. No. 6 from Violin Playtime, Book 3, arr. de Keyser (Faber)B套曲目：1 Anon. Wondrous Love, arr. Waterfield and Beach2 Lehár Waltz: from Gold und Silber, arr. Huws Jones3 David Stone Country Chimes: No. 17 from Let’s Play the Violin1-3 Selected Violin Exam Pieces 2008–2011, Grade 1 (ABRSM Publishing)4 Dvorˇák Largo (Theme from ‘New World’ Symphony). Superstart Violin (The Complete Method), arr. Cohen (previously Superstart Violin Levels 1 & 2) (Faber: piano accomp. publishedseparately)5 Head In the Meadow. The Well-Tuned Fiddle, Book 1 (ABRSM Publishing)6 Szelényi Playsong: No. 1 from 24 Easy Little Concert Pieces, Vol. 1 (Editio Musica Budapest Z2648/Faber)C套曲目：1 Hilary Burgoyne Tango: No. 12 from Take the Stage2 Edward Huws Jones Toodle-Pip: No. 18 from Ten O’Clock Rock3 Trad. Northumbrian Dance to your daddy, arr. Nelson1-3 Selected Violin Exam Pieces 2008–2011, Grade 1 (ABRSM Publishing)4 Kathy and David Blackwell Chase in the Dark or Gypsy Dance (with repeat). No. 6 or No. 20† from Fiddle Time Runners (OUP: piano accomp. published separately)5 Margery Dawe Bohemia – Polka: No. 4 from More Travel Tunes – Violin (Cramer: piano accomp. published separately)6 Trad. American Turkey in the Straw. Superstart Violin (The Complete Method), arr. Cohen (previously Superstart Violin Levels 1 & 2) (Faber: piano accomp. published separately) 音阶与琶音：背谱，调性范围如下所示：D，A大调（一个八度）G大调（两个八度）音阶：在以上调性范围内，从空弦开始：(i) 分弓，示例如下：(ii) 连弓, 一弓拉2个八分音符, 示例如下：琶音：以上调性范围内的基本和弦，从空弦开始：只要求分弓，声音平均，示例如下：视奏：在本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内，演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
英皇萨克斯考级大纲
英皇萨克斯考级大纲萨克斯管第一级三首乐曲：考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首，并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C：（略）本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音：背谱，在以下调性范围内，以连音和吐音的方式吹奏F，G大调；D小调（一个八度）音阶：在以上调性范围内（由考生选择旋律、和声或自然小调）琶音：以上调性范围内的基本和弦视奏：在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内，演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
也许会包含一些临时记号、附点音符和连音。
萨克斯管第二级三首乐曲：考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首，并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C：（略）本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音：背谱，在以下调性范围内，以连音和吐音的方式吹奏F，G大调；D，A小调（一个八度）D大调（两个八度）音阶：在以上调性范围内（由考生选择旋律、和声或自然小调）琶音：以上调性范围内的基本和弦视奏：在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内，演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
也许会包含一些临时记号、附点音符和连音。
萨克斯管第三级三首乐曲：考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首，并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C：（略）本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音：背谱，在以下调性范围内，以连音和吐音的方式吹奏降B大调（比最低位置的主音高一个八度的音开始）；E，G，A 小调（一个八度）F，G大调；D小调（一个十二度）C大调（两个八度）音阶：在以上调性范围内（由考生选择旋律小调或和声小调）半音阶：从G音开始（一个八度）琶音：以上调性范围内的基本和弦视奏：在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内，演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
萨克斯管第四级三首乐曲：考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首，并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C：（略）本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音：背谱，在以下调性范围内，以连音和吐音的方式吹奏A大调（一个八度）F大调；升F，G小调（一个十二度）C，D，降E大调；B，C，D小调（两个八度）音阶：在以上调性范围内（由考生选择旋律小调或和声小调）半音阶：从C，D音开始（两个八度）琶音：以上调性范围内的基本和弦属七和弦：在G调中（两个八度）视奏：在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内，演奏一首单拍子或复拍子的短曲。
英国皇家学院考级曲目
英国皇家学院考级曲目2008年05月24日星期六下午 01:40Piano Grade 8 (Subject Code: 01)THEORY OF MUSIC, PRACTICAL MUSICIANSHIP OR SOLO JAZZ SUBJECT: Grade 5 must have been passed.SCALES AND ARPEGGIOS (Published by the Board): from memory, in the following keys:C, D, B, F sharp, F, E flat, A flat, D flat majors and minorsScales: legato or staccato, as directed by the examiner:i.in similar motion with hands together one octave apart, and witheach hand separately, in the above keys (minors in both melodic and harmonic forms) (four octaves)ii.in similar motion with hands together a third apart, and a sixth apart, in the above keys (minors in harmonic form only) (fouroctaves)iii.legato only, in thirds with each hand separately in the keys ofC and B flat majors (two octaves)Chromatic Scales: legato or staccato, as directed by the examiner:i.in similar motion with hands together a minor third apart,beginning on any note named by the examiner (four octaves)ii.legato only, with each hand separately, in minor thirds beginning on A sharp/C sharp (two octaves)Arpeggios: legato only, with hands together one octave apart, and with each hand separately:i.the common chords, in root position, first and second inversions,of the above keys (four octaves)ii.dominant seventh chords, in root position only, in the above keys (four octaves)iii.diminished seventh chords beginning on any note named by the examiner (four octaves)THREE PIECES: one chosen by the candidate from each of the three Lists, A, B and C:LIST A1.J.S. Bach Partita no.2 in C minor, BWV 826: 4th and 5th movts,Sarabande and RondeauxSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)2.Handel Fugue no.1 in G minor, HWV 605Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)3.Hindermith Praeludium, from 'Ludus Tonalis'Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)4.J.S.Bach Prelude and Fugue in G, BWV 884: no.15 from 'The WellTempered Clavier', Part 2(Associated Board)5.Handel Suite no.3 in D minor (1720 Collection), HWV 428: 1st and2nd movts, Prelude and (Fuga) Allegro.Handel 8 Great Suites, Book 1 (Associated Board)6.Scarlatti Fugue (Sonata) in C minor, Kp.58, L.158.Scarlatti The 5 Fugues (Associated Board)7.Scarlatti Sonata in D minor, Kp.191, L.207.The Scholar's Scarlatti, Vol.3 (Novello/Music Sales)8.Shostakovich Prelude and Fugue in D: no.5 from '24 Preludes andFugues', Op.87, Vol.1LIST B1.Beethoven Sonata in F minor, Op.2 no.1: 1st movt, AllegroSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)2.Schubert Sonata in A, Op.120, D664: 1st movt, Allegro moderatoSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)3.Haydn Sonata in C minor, Hob.XVI/20: 1st movt, Allegro moderatoSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)4.C.P.E. Bach Sonata in A flat, Wq.49/2: 1st movt, Un poco allegro.C.P.E. Bach Selected Keyboard Works, Book 3 (Associated Board)5.Beethoven Sonata in G, Op.14 no.2: 1st movt, Allegro(Associated Board)6.Haydn Sonata in E minor, Hob.XVI/34: 1st movt, Presto.No. 53 from Haydn Complete Piano Sonatas, Vol.3 (WienerUrtext-Universal/ M.D.S.)7.Mozart Sonata in D, K.311: 1st movt, Allegro con spirito.(Associated Board)8.Mozart Sonata in B flat, K.570: 1st movt, Allegro.(Associated Board)LIST C1.L. Berkeley Prelude no.3 from '6 Preludes', Op.23Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)2.Blumenfeld Berceuse, Op23 no.3Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)3.Joaquín Turina Sacro-Monte: no.5 from '5 Danzas Gitanas', Op.55Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)4.Philip Cashian LandscapeSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)5.Copland Piano Blues no.3, from '4 Piano Blues'Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)6.Iain Hamilton Spring Fountain: no.7 from 'A Book of Watercolours'Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)7.Brahms Intermezzo in B flat: no.4 from '8 Piano Pieces', Op.76(Associated Board)8.Chopin Waltz in E minor, Op.posth.Chopin Waltzes (Henle orHenle-Schott/ M.D.S.)9.Debussy Minstrels: no.12 from 'Préludes', Book 1(U.M.P. orWiener Urtext-Universal/ M.D.S.)10.Grieg Sonata in E minor, Op.7: 2nd movt, Andante molto. (Peters P-2278)11.Janácek In the Mist: no.1, Andante(Bärenreiter H6070/5)12.Mendelssohn Song without Words (Duetto), Op.38 no.6.Mendelssohn Songs Without Words (Associated Board)13.Poulenc Novelette no.2 in B flat minor, from '3 Novelettes'(Chester/Music Sales)14.Rachmaninov Moment Musical in D flat, no.5 from '6 MomentsMusicaux', Op.16(Anton Benjamin EE3170/Boosey & Hawkes)15.Schoenberg 6 Kleine Klavierstücke, Op.19: nos.4, 5 and 6.Schoenberg Selected Works for Piano (Wiener Urtext-Universal/ M.D.S.)16.Skryabin Etude in C sharp minor, Op.2 no.1.Scriabin Selected Works (Alfred Publishing/Faber)。
从钢琴伴奏的角度透析“移调”的学习——以英皇乐理考级(1-5级)为基础
I Yi Jiao Lun Tan*艺教论坛从钢琴伴奏的角度透析“移调”的学习——以英皇乐理考级(1-5级)为基础陈蕾四川音乐学院摘要：通过对英皇考级中乐理知识与实际教学可能存在脱节现象的思考，对其1-5级的知识体系进行梳理以及对“移调”这一知识点进行分析和讲解，并结合自身的学习经验，解决其中存在的乐理知识问题，以达到理论知识与自身专业演奏和教学实践能更好结合的目的。
关键词：移调英皇乐理考级钢琴伴奏钢琴教学中图分类号:J624.1文献标识码:A文章编号：1008-3359(2020)20-0073-03英皇考级是英国皇家音乐学院联合委员会设立的音乐等级考试,英译为Associated Board Royale School of Music,简称“ABRSM”。
它是一个具有广泛影响力的国际音乐考试机构。
它所涉及的考级科目内容全面、形式丰富、理念先进,是一项注重音乐综合能力培养的考试，对学生的演奏技巧、音乐表达理解、乐理知识等方面都有较高的要求。
随着英皇考级全面进入我国,特别是在北京、上海等地区受到相当重视,但与此同时,在准备考试的过程中,表演专业日常教学中的缺陷也开始日渐显现。
因为英皇考级规定,考取相关专业证书的同时还需要获得相应的乐理等级证书，这样做的好处肯定是显而易见的,但也由此产生了一些教学上的问题，专业教师可能具备有相关专业较高的教学水平,但有可能存在有乐理知识上的一些短板,随之出现了不能在该专业教学的同时完成英皇乐理考级的相应培训，乐理考级的培训又需要另请相关专业教师配合，这样的“脱节”就有可能会在教学以及实践中造成一些不便。
钢琴伴奏专业的学生毕业以后基本都会从事专职或兼职的教学工作，在教学中如果有学生需要完成英皇考级，那么面对相对应的英皇乐理考级中的知识，就会出现上述的脱节现象，因为从本专业的本科阶段的培养目标而言，基础理论的学习是必要的，但这种基础理论知识的学习毕竟是作为音乐基础课程来进行的,这就在难度及熟练程度上和英皇乐理考级这种实践理论运用上的学习之间存在着较大差异，这种差异造成了可能在就业以后面对教学时不能很好地将自身的专业和乐理知识教学相结合，从而制约着教学能力和教学水平的发挥，除了会对指导学生进行英皇考级时产生诸多不便，其实从另一方面而言也制约着自己的专业能力的进一步提高。
英皇考级术语(带解释)
各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Mai2014Adagio[意]慢dolce [意]甜蜜的，温柔[意]重音Langsam [德]缓慢地> 强音区别于渐弱grazioso [意]优雅的，优美的Scherzando ( scherzoso ) [意]幽默，诙谐的Allegretto ma non troppo [ 意]稍快，但不太过分Vivace [意]快速，有生气地Leggiero [意] 轻巧、灵活、敏捷地由最低音开始，一音接一音快速地奏出和弦2013各年英皇乐理考试术语归类By Miss Mai Allegretto [意]稍快/小快板Adagio[意]慢ritard./ rit. [意]逐渐减慢teneramente /(tenerezza ) [ 意]温柔zart [ 德]纤细地，温柔地bewegt [德]富动感的sempre espressivo [ 意] 持续地富有表情的ad lib./ ad libitum [ 意]可以自由地演奏一个乐段con sord. (/sordini ) 使用弱音器Senza ped. ( pedal ) [意]取消使用踏板pizzicato 拨弦强有力地重复记号各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Maida capo(或 D.C.)由乐曲开端起重复；dal segno (或 D.S. )由符号起重复解释┌─5─┐( 在一个？音符的时值内平均演奏五个音 )的意思8va ─┐升高一个八度演奏8va___ │降低一个八度演奏P.____ │(或 Leo *)踏下/放开右边踏板Poco meno mosso [意]稍慢一点点(稍较少动感)2012ten. (tenuto 的缩写) [意]音符以十足时值奏出Andante [意]中等速度(像走路一般的速度) cantabile [意]如歌地dolce [意]甜蜜的，温柔grazioso [意]优雅的，优美的各年英皇乐理考试术语归类Etwas [德] 有点儿，颇为Schnell[德] =geschwind 快速的con sord. [意]使用弱音器Pizzicato ( pizz. ) [意]弦乐器拨奏—— arco 用弓拉由最低音开始，一音接一音快速地奏出和弦Alla marcia [意]进行曲风格=100 演奏的速度是每分钟 100 个四分音符8va ─┐ 高八度演奏以下音符By Miss Mai2011Adagio ma non tanto [ 意]慢，但不过分Allegro ma non troppo [ 意]快，但不太过分Andante[意]中等速度(像走路一般的速度) Massig[德]中等速度各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss MaiLebhafe[德]有生气的Langsam [德]缓慢地Schnell [德]快速的Retenu[ 法]踌躇，退缩 ( enretenu 速度稍减慢) Legerement [法]轻巧的( [意]leggiero 轻巧、灵活、敏捷地) poco rit. [意]稍许渐慢Adagio[意]慢Sempre (或 sostenuto ) pp[意] 持续地，很弱(地演奏)8va ─┐高八度演奏以下音符2010解释┌─5─┐( 在一个？音符的时值内平均演奏五个音 )的意思Doloroso (dolore ) [ 意] 悲痛的con sord. (/sordini ) [意] 使用弱音器各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Mai小提琴声部的标记落弓Moderato [意] 中庸的速度Grazioso[意] 优雅地Giocoso [意]欢乐地，嬉戏的从头开始反复弹奏一遍Allegro animato [意]快速的精神地意]重音Legato [意]圆滑地Cantabile [意]如歌地Rubato [意]稍微自由的拍子Langsam [德]缓慢地tempo rubato [意]弹性速度/稍位自由的拍子Molto Allegro ，vivace 很快，有生气地各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Maivif 有生气地Assez vite [法]足够的快速地2009Scherzando ( scherzoso ) [意]幽默，诙谐的Allegro con brio [意]快，(且)有活力的Lento assai [意]很慢Sotto voce[意] 用轻声地(演奏/唱 )Con moto [意]有动感的Allegretto grazioso[ 意]稍快，优雅地从头开始反复弹奏一遍小提琴声部的标记落弓Etwas lebhaft[德] 颇为有生气的各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Mai解释三连音，以一个八分音符的时值平均演奏 3 个十六分音符2008Scherzando ( scherzoso ) [意]幽默，诙谐地Cantabile assai [意]非常如歌地Adagio[意]慢Etwas lebhaft[德] 颇为有生气的或延音记号=80 演奏的速度是每分钟 80 个八分音符解释┌─6─┐ 六连音，以______音符的时值，演奏六个____分音符。
五级乐理考试(英国皇家音乐学院)
Texture (think in terms of thick or thin) Homophonic: chordal, medlody usually in the upper part with chords or broken chords in the lower part Contrapuntal: two or more melodic lines of equal importance combined together Time Number of beats in a bar (2, 3 or 4); simple or compound Tonality major, minor, modal or atonal Rhythm (the pattern of note values) ar or irregular; describe rhythmic figures (e.g. dotted rhythm, triplets, syncopation) Articulation detached, smooth, accented or ornamented Dynamics (loud/quiet, gradually getting louder/quieter) mf; f; ff; mp; p; pp; crescendo; diminusndo
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STRAD：
S Structure and form; Style and period T Tempo; Texture; Time; Tonality R Rhythm A Articulation D Dynamics
Style and period (character; when the music was composed) Style can also include character or mood. Use words like: piangevole (plaintive) dolce (sweet) pesante (heavy) marcato (accented) agitato (agitated) vivace (lively)
英皇钢琴考级
等级考试分为两类—乐理考试（Theory）和演奏考试（Practical），共八级。
从一级到八级，ABRSM为钢琴学生在学习的各个阶段提供了一个又一个切实可行的目标。
通过对学生各种能力的测试和考官较为详尽的文字评估，让老师、学生、和家长客观而具体地了解到自己的优势和劣势，从而不断调整、不断改进，在音乐学习的道路上渐入佳境。
为了培养考生较全面综合的音乐素质和能力，报考六级及以上演奏的考生必须先获得五级乐理证书。
每一级的演奏考试包括演奏、技巧、听力和视奏四个方面，具体如下：1．演奏三首不同流派的乐曲（ Three Pieces）-每首30分，共计90分。
比国内考级曲目能更丰富更全面的培养孩子的音乐素养，更人性化。
三首乐曲涵盖巴洛克、古典主义、浪漫主义、爵士风格、现代风格等不同流派。
考试中，除了要求正确的节奏和音高外，句法、重音、触键的方法、音质的变化、速度的掌控和表情的处理等也是评分的衡量标准。
音乐大于技巧是英皇考试的显著特点。
考官要认真的听完全曲，考生可以看谱演奏。
2．音阶和琶音（ SCALES AND ARPEGGIOS）- 共21分。
比国内考级更全面更细微，要求更严。
除大小调音阶、琶音外，还要求分手、双手八度相隔齐奏、上行、下行、同向、反向等不同弹法，六级以上还要加上平行三六度音阶及连奏和断奏的不同奏法。
3.听力（AURAL TEST）- 共18分。
考验学生对节奏、音高和其他音乐基本要素的掌握，级别越高，与音乐相关的知识性、理解性越强，如六级以上就有两声部视唱、各种终止式以及和弦、转调等判断等，理解题的形式从“问答”进入“讨论”（八级），和考官的互动逐级增强。
五音不全的考生虽然在音高上很难拿分，但音准不是音乐的全部，良好的节奏感、对乐曲在力度、速度、音色和流派等全面的认知，同样能反映良好的素质。
听力项目虽然所占分数最低，却能最全面地体现教师的水平。
4 视奏（SIGHT-READING）- 共21分。
英皇考级
第五级：attacca立即进入乐曲下一段落dolente悲伤地dolore,doloroso悲痛地doppio movimento速度加倍estino尽可能地弱，如垂死地incalzando加快速度lacrimoso悲伤地loco恢复原来音高（用来取消8ve指示）lunga长（lunga pausa:长休止）lusingando带有轻柔而富说服力的风格misura节拍（alla misura严谨节拍senza misura自由节拍）ossia或，两者任选其一piacevole愉快地piangevole哀怨地，带有挽歌风格pochettino,poch.颇少许的rinforzando,rf,rfz强有力地segue不间断地继续smorzando,smorz.音量和速度都逐渐减退teneramente,tenerezza温柔地tosto急速地（常用作troppo的意思）volante飞快地aber但是Ausdruck 表情，表达bewegt富动感地激昂地breit宽广地ein一个einfach简单地etwas有点儿地颇为frohlich愉快地immer经常地langsam缓慢地lebhaft有生气地massig中等速度mit带有nicht不ohne没有，省略ruhig平静地schnell快速地sehr非常suss甜蜜地traurig哀伤地und和，与voll丰富地wenig少许wieder再次，重复zart温柔仔细地zu往，也第一级：理解：①全音符、四分音符、二分音符、八分音符、十六分音符、三十二分音符②小节线；终止线③节拍记号④上加线和下加线⑤全/二分/四分/八分/十六分/三十二分休止符⑥连结线：相同音之间的连线（尽可能避免使用，多写附点较好）与圆滑线：写在两个或多个音高不同的音符上面（圆滑连贯地演奏）⑦临时记号只限于同一小节之中同一音符⑧8va=ottava八度、升高/降低一个八度演奏、强音、跳音、音符延长、重复符号：把乐谱中两个符号之间的部分重复演奏一次、M.M.：速度是每分钟…个…分音符⑨解释音符后的一点：附点…分音符，…拍第二级：①二\三\四拍子②升降号的写法顺序③三连音④＞重音：表示该音符要以加重力度奏出圆滑线内加上圆点：半断音，把符号内的音符稍为分隔开楔形符号表示特强断音（staccatissimo）：演奏得极短同时加重力度 -：表示在演奏音符时稍加一点压力⑤问你是什么谱表书写的：高音/低音⑥所有的大调音阶只有两组半音关系：34、78；所有和声小调音阶上下行都必须临时升第七度音。
英皇考级乐理大纲2018
MUSIC THEORY: from 1 January 2018ABRSM Music T h eory exams are available for Grades 1–8. Candidates may be entered for any grade irrespective of age and without previously having taken any other grade. T h e full syllabus is available at /theory.About Music T h eoryDeveloping musical literacy forms a key part of a rounded education for performers, composers and listeners of all kinds. An understanding of how written symbols relate to the elements of music, and having the skills to interpret and translate them into sounds, empowers us to communicate and experience music in a meaningful way. Music theory is a very practical subject that is completely entwined with performance and composition.ABRSM’s Music T h eory exams give students:•a knowledge of the notation of western music, including commonly used signs and terminol o gy•a n understanding of fundamental musical elements such as intervals, keys, scales and chords•an ability to apply theoretical knowledge and understanding to score analysis•skills in harmonic completion of extracts and melody writing (at Grades 6–8) Candidates are assessed on their ability to identify, use and manipulate musical symbols, to complete extracts and to answer questions relating to the elements of music according to the parameters detailed in the full syllabus at /theory.Grade 5 as a prerequisiteWe believe that a thorough understanding of the elements of music is essential for a full and satisfying performance at the higher grades.A longstanding ABRSM requirement is that candidates must pass Grade 5 or above in Music T h eory (or in Practical Musicianship or any solo Jazz instrument) before they can enter for Grades 6, 7 or 8 Practical exams.Marking schemeT h eory exams are marked out of a total of 100, with 66 marks required for a Pass, 80 for a Merit and 90 for a Distinction. T h e marking criteria for T h eory exams are available at / theorymarkingcriteria.1 N ote values of semibreve, minim, crotchet, quaver and semiquaver, and their equivalent rests(candidates may use the terms ‘whole note’, ‘half note’, etc.). Tied notes. Single-dotted notes and rests.2 Simple time signatures of 243444 , bar-lines and the grouping of the notes listed above within these times.3 T h e stave. Treble (G) and bass (F) clefs. Names of notes on the stave, including middle C in both clefs.Sharp, flat and natural signs, and their cancellation.4 Construction of the major scale, including the position of the tones and semitones. Scales and keysigna t ures of the major keys of C, G, D and F in both clefs, with their tonic triads (root position), degrees (num b er only), and intervals above the tonic (by number only).5 Some frequently used terms and signs concerning tempo, dynamics, performance directions andarticula t ion marks. Simple questions will be asked about a melody written in either treble or bass clef.As in Grade 1, with the addition of:1 Simple time signatures of 22324238and the grouping of notes and rests within these times. Triplets, andtriplet note groups with rests.2 Extension of the stave to include two ledger lines below and above each stave.3 Construction of the minor scale (harmonic or melodic at candidate’s choice, but candidates will beexpected to know which form they are using). Scales and key signatures of the major keys of A, B b and E b, and the minor keys of A, E and D, with their tonic triads (root position), degrees (number only), and intervals above the tonic (by number only).4 More terms and signs in common use.As in preceding grades, with the addition of:1 Compound time signatures of 6898182and the grouping of notes and rests within these times. T h edemisemiquaver (32nd note) and its equivalent rest.2 Extension of the stave beyond two ledger lines. T h e transposition of a simple melody from the treble clefto the bass clef, or vice versa, at the octave.3 Scales and key signatures of all major and minor keys up to and including four sharps and flats, includingboth harmonic and melodic forms of minor scales, with their tonic triads (root position), degrees (number only), and intervals above the tonic (number and type).4 More terms and signs. T h e simple questions about a melody may include one on its phrase structure.As in preceding grades, with the addition of:1 All simple and compound duple, triple and quadruple time signatures, and the grouping of notes andrests within these times. T h e breve and its equivalent rest. Double-dotted notes and rests. Duplets.2 Alto clef (C clef centred on 3rd line). T h e identification of notes in the alto clef in any of the keys set forthis grade (see below), and the transcription at the same pitch of a simple melody from the treble or the bass clef to the alto clef, and vice versa. Double sharp and double flat signs, and their cancellation.Enharmonic equivalents.3 Scales and key signatures of all major and minor keys up to and including five sharps and flats, with bothforms of minor scales. Technical names for the notes of the diatonic scale (tonic, supertonic, etc.).Construction of the chromatic scale. All intervals, not exceeding an octave, between any two diatonic notes in any of the keys set for this grade.4 T h e identification and writing of triads (root position) on the tonic, subdominant and dominant notes inany of the keys set for this grade. T h e recognition of 53 (root position) chords on the tonic, sub- dominant and dominant notes in any of the keys set for this grade (the harmonic form of the scale will be used in minor keys).5 More terms and signs, including the recognition and naming (but not writing out) of the trill, turn, upperand lower mordent, acciaccatura and appoggiatura. Questions about a passage of music will include sim p le related questions about standard orchestral instruments.As in preceding grades, with the addition of:1 Irregular time signatures of 54745878and the grouping of notes and rests within these times. Irregu l ardivi s ions of simple time values.2 Tenor clef (C clef centred on 4th line). T h e identification of notes in the four clefs in any of the keys setfor this grade (see below), and the transposition at the octave of a simple melody from any clef to another.T h e writing at concert pitch of a melody notated for an instrument in B b, A or F, and vice versa (the interval of transposition up or down will be given).3 Scales and key signatures of all major and minor keys up to and including six sharps and flats. All simpleand compound intervals from any note.4 T h e identification of the 53 63 and 64forms of the tonic, supertonic, subdominant and dominant chordsin any of the keys set for this grade. T h e identification of the progression 6453(Ic-V) on the dominant note in any of the keys set for this grade. T h e choice of suitable chords at cadential points of a simple melody in the major key of C, G, D or F.5 More terms and signs. T h e recognition of ornaments, including the replacement of written-outornamen t ation with the appropriate signs, but not vice versa. Questions about a passage of music written for voices or instruments appropriate to the grade will include questions on the types of voice and names of instru m ents, the clefs they use, instrument family groups and the basic way by which they produce sound, as well as points of general musical observation designed to test the candidate’s ability to apply theoretical knowledge to actual music.As in preceding grades. T h e harmonic vocabulary expected will include: the use of 5363 and 64 chords on any degree of the major or minor (harmonic and melodic) scale; the recognition of the dominant seventh chord in root position, first, second and third inversions, and the supertonic seventh chord in root position and first inversion, in any major or minor key; and the figuring for all these chords. An understanding of the principles of modulation and a knowledge of cadences, ornamentation and melodic decoration (which might include passing notes, auxiliary notes, appoggiaturas, changing notes and notes of anticipation) will also be expected. Questions will cover:1 Writing specified chords for voices in four parts or for keyboard (at the candidate’s choice) above a givenbass part of about four bars.2 T h e indication of suitable chords for the accompaniment of a diatonic melody of about eight bars in anykey, using any recognized method of notation, or, at the candidate’s choice, the provision of a bass to a given melody, adding figures to indicate the intended harmonies.3 Composition of a melody for a specified instrument (a choice will be given), using a given opening.Modulation to the dominant, subdominant, relative major or relative minor may be required.4 Questions on short extracts of music written for piano or in open score for voices or for any com b inationof instruments and/or voices, designed to test the candidate’s knowledge of the elements and notation of music, including the realization of ornaments, the identification and notation of underlying harmonic struc t ure, phrase structure, style, performance, and on the voices and i nstruments for which the works were written.As in preceding grades, with the addition of recognition of all diatonic secondary seventh chords and their inversions, the Neapolitan sixth and the diminished seventh chords, and of all figures c ommonly used by composers during the period c.1620–1790 to indicate harmonies above a bass part. Questions will cover:1 T h e indication of chords and movement of the inner parts by figuring the bass in a passage in which boththe melody and bass are given.2 Rewriting a given passage to include appropriate suspensions and notes of melodic decoration.3 Continuation of a given opening for solo instrument with keyboard accompaniment, which will be givenin full throughout the passage, by completing the solo part, or, at the candidate’s choice, composition ofa melody for a specified instrument (a choice will be given) based on a given progression of chords ormelodic figure.4 Questions on short extracts of music written for piano or in open score for voices or for any com b inationof instruments and/or voices, designed to test the candidate’s knowledge of the elements and notation of music, including the realization of ornaments, the identification and notation of underlying harmonic structure, phrase structure, style, performance, and on the voices and i nstruments for which the works were written.As in preceding grades. T h e harmonic vocabulary expected will include all standard diatonic and chro-matic chords. Questions will cover:1 Continuation of a given opening of a passage from a Baroque trio sonata for two treble instru m ents andbasso continuo. T h e basso continuo part will be given throughout and fully figured (but a realization for keyboard will not be required).2 Completion of an outline of a short passage for keyboard. Some knowledge of the styles practised bycom p osers from the time of Haydn onwards will be assumed.3 Continuation of a given opening of a melody for a specified instrument (a choice will be given).4 Questions on short extracts of music written for piano or in open score for voices or for anycom b ination of instruments and/or voices, designed to test the candidate’s knowledge of the elements and notation of music, including the realization of ornaments, the identification and notation of underlying har m onic structure, phrase structure, style, performance, and on the voices and instruments for which the works were written.。
英皇钢琴考级的评分标准
英皇钢琴考级的评分标准英皇考级三⾸指定曲⽬各为30分（巴洛克或古典、浪漫或古典、现代）⾳阶与琶⾳21分视奏（唱）21分听觉测试18分满分为150分，130分为优秀，120分为良好，100分为及格。
⼀、演奏（曲⽬）部分评分标准优秀（26-30分）1-4级——技巧纯熟⽽流畅；有⾳乐表达能⼒；表演有⾃信。
5级——技巧纯熟⽽流畅；有⾳乐触感和表达能⼒；能⽤⾳乐和听众沟通。
6-7级——技巧纯熟⽽流畅；能将⾳乐演绎的出⾊有想象⼒；能凭直觉与听众沟通。
8级——技巧纯熟⽽流畅；演奏/唱具权威性有⾳乐说服⼒，能令听众沉醉于表演中。
良好（24-26分）1-4级——有良好的节奏感；技巧纯熟；表现对乐器/声⾳的掌握能⼒（例如延长⾳、呼吸和运⼸等）；能认识乐句的形态和平衡；能注意到⼒度的要求。
5级——技巧纯熟且稳定；能掌握乐器和声⾳的运⽤（例如踏板和震⾳等）；能够判断速度，注意到乐句和发声；能表现⾳质。
6-7级——技巧纯熟且稳定；能巧妙的运⽤乐器/声⾳；有良好的⾳乐风格；⾳质运⽤良好。
8级——技巧纯熟⽽且乐器/声⾳控制得宜；能⾼度表达⾳质（例如⾳⾊的层次感和多元化的⾊彩）；有鲜明独特的风格。
合格（20-23分）1-4级——能掌握到节奏；⾳符和发⾳⼤致准确；⾳乐的趣味性虽不多但⾜够；充⾜的准备。
5级——有较好的节奏感；⼤致上准确；合适及持续的速度；有⼒度的变化；有少许风格的认识，包括能注意到乐句的发⾳等。
6-7级——整体上准确；速度和⼒度合适；有⾜够风格的认识，包括踏板和震⾳等运⽤。
8级——整体上准确；能掌握到乐器/声⾳；对风格有认识。
不合格（19分以下）1-4级——不能掌握到节奏；⾳符及发⾳失误；不连贯（如中途停顿）；速度不⼀致；没有⾳乐感。
5级——节奏不准确；⾳符失误；于难度较⾼的地⽅速度不稳定；没有⼒度的变化；遗漏了乐句和发声的细节。
5级——节奏不准确；⾳符失误；于难度较⾼的地⽅速度不稳定；没有⼒度的变化；遗漏了乐句和发声的细节。
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英皇乐理1-5级演奏指示Performance-Directions（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. AdagioAllegrettoallegroandantecantabile crescendo/cresc.da capo/D.C.dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim. fine( =forte )(=fortissimo) legatolentomezzo(=mezzo forte )( =mezzo piano ) moderatop(=piano)pp(=pianissimo) pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quickerslow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately )moderately loudmoderately quietmoderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick )quietvery quieta little , slightlygradually getting slowergradually getting slower逐渐加快慢(舒适)稍快(但不及allegro快)快(欢乐)，快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格渐强从头再奏回到记号“”处再奏渐弱渐弱结束处强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中)中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢演奏指示Performance 一级：ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down )detachedspeed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat fromthebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
将音符(或休止符)的时值延长(=fermata )反复记号。
在第二个记号处，音乐从第一个记号处开始重复(如乐曲没有第一个记号，音乐是从乐曲的开始处重复)连线:将两个有相同音高的音连结成一个音的弧线连线:圆滑地演奏各音(置于两个或一组音符的上方或下方的弧线)octave ( =ottava )perform an octave higher( written over a note or notes )perform an octave lower( written under a note or notes)76 crotchet beats in a minute( M.M.is short for Maelzel' s Metronome ) 八度(=ottava)升高一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的上方)降低一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的下方)每分钟奏76个四分音符(M.M.是Maelzel’s Metronome (拍节机)的简称（一）演奏术语aal, allaallargando andantinoassaicon , coldolcee,edespressivo (espress./espr.)(=fortepiano) giocosogravegrazioso larghettolargomamaestosomenomoltomosso in the style of, for, at, with,ina cappella: in the style of chapela due : for two performersa piacere : at pleasurea puma d' arco : with the point of thebowa tempo ; in timein the manner of, to the( alla marcia : in the style of a march )broadening(getting slower and louder)slightly faster than andantevery(allegro assai : very quick )withsoft, sweetandexpressivefirst loudly, then immediately softplayful , merrysolemn,very slowgracefulquite slow(but not as slow as largo)slow, statelybutmajesticlessmuch , verymoved( meno mosso : less moved )以……风格、由、按照、用、按a cappella:以(无伴奏的)教堂风格演奏a due:由两位表演者演奏(唱)a piacere:按照表演者的与之所至地处理a puma d'arco:用弓尖演奏a tempo:按原来的速度以……风格，至( alla marcia:进行曲风格)宽广的(渐慢及渐强)比行板(andante )稍快非常，很(allegro assai:很快)用，含有温柔地，甜蜜地和，以及有表情地先强然后立即转弱嬉戏的，快乐的严肃的，极缓慢的优雅的颇慢的，(但比广板largo稍快)慢的，庄严的但是华贵的，堂皇的二级：少些十分，很活动的( meno mosso:稍慢)motononprestosenza(=sforzando/sforzato ) simile/sim.sostenutotenutotroppovivace , vwo（二）演奏符号movement( con moto : with movement )notmore(faster than allegro)withoutaccented,forcedin the same waysustainedheldtoo much( non troppo : not too much )lively , quickthe note should be held for its fulltime-value ,and generally slightlydetached(=tenuto)the note should be played as short aspossibleand perhaps accented too( =staccatissimo)accentedstronger accent(usually strongerthan> )the notes should be slightlyseparated(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato )活动( con moto:稍快)不是更多地快(比快板allegro更快)没有，去除重音，加强地( =sforzando/sforzato )如前的方式演奏持续的保持(要奏足该音的时值)太多( non troppo:不太多)有生气的，轻快的要奏足该音符的时值，各音之间稍间歇(=tenuto)短断音，发音比一般断音更短促，有时还有重音的意思( =staccatissimo)重音强重音(力度通常比>更强)半断音，即音符需要略微断开(=mezzo-staccato/semi-sta ccato)演奏术语adagiettoad libitum,ad lib. agitatoalla breve.amoreanimaanimatobenbriocomododecisodelicatoenergicoforzalargamente leggieromarcato . marc..marzialemestopesanteprima, primorisolutoritmicorubato ,tempo rubatorather slow(but faster than adagio)optional or at willagitatedwith each beat as a minim( orinstead of )love ( amoroso : loving )soul, spirit(con anima: with feeling/spirited )animated , lively( animando : becomingmore lively )wellvigour(con brio : with vigour, lively )convenient(tempo comodo:at a tom-fortable speed )with determinationdelicateenergeticforcebroadlylightmarked,accentedmartial , war-likesadheavyfirstbold, strongrhythmicallywith some freedom of time稍慢(但比adagio略快)随意处理激动地以二分音符作为一拍(以或代替 )爱情(amoroso:富于爱意地)心灵、精神(con anima:有感情地/生气勃勃地)活泼地(animando:更加活泼地)很好活力(con brio:有活力地)舒适的(tempo comodo:舒适的速度)决断、有决心地优美的、精致的富于精力的力量广阔地三级：轻、轻巧的强调、有力地勇敢的、尚武的忧伤的强力的第一勇敢、刚强的富于节奏感地自由的速度scherzando,scherzoso seconda,secondo semplicesemprestringendflsubitotantotranquillotriste ,tristamente volta playful,jokingsecondsimple , plainalwaysgradually getting fastersuddenlyso muchcalmsad , sorrowfultime(prama volta:first time;seconda volta: second time)幽默、诙谐的第二简单、朴素的持续地逐渐加快速度突然地许多、太多平静的忧伤、悲痛的次、遍(prima volta:第一次;seconda volta:第二次)con sordini,con sord.senza sordini ，senza sord.arcopizzicato, pizz. sul Gsul ponticellouna corda ( u.c.)tre corde(t.c.)manomano destra(m.d.) mano sinistra ( m.s.)affettuosoaffrettandowith mutes without mutesplay with the bow(a directionafter pizzicato ) down bow up bowa slur over or under two or more notes meaning that they are to be played with one stroke of the bow pluckedon the G string near the bridge( literally : one string )press the left ( soft ) pedal( literally : three strings )release the left( soft )pedalpress...release the right ( sustaining ) pedal hand right hand left handspread the notes of a chord quickly, starting from the bottom noteaffectionate,with tenderness hurrying加上弱音器 除去弱音器用弓拉奏(在pizzicat 。