2 第二节课后达标检测

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人教版高中化学必修2课后练习检测-元素周期表和元素周期律的应用

课后达标检测[P85(单独成册)][基础巩固]1．根据元素所在元素周期表的位置，判断下列元素都能做为半导体材料的是()A．Si、K B．C、SiC．Si、Ge D．As、Se解析：选C。

在元素周期表中，在金属与非金属的分界线附近可以找到半导体材料，如Si、Ge为典型的半导体材料。

2．下列有关性质的比较，不能用元素周期律解释的是()A．酸性：H2SO4>H3PO4B．非金属性：Cl>BrC．碱性：NaOH>Mg(OH)2D．热稳定性：Na2CO3>NaHCO3解析：选D。

A.S、P位于同一周期，且S位于P的右侧。

同周期元素从左向右非金属性逐渐增强，故非金属性S>P，所以H2SO4的酸性大于H3PO4。

B.Cl、Br位于同一主族，Cl位于Br的上方，同主族元素由上到下非金属性逐渐减弱，故非金属性Cl>Br。

C.Na、Mg是同周期元素，Na位于Mg的左侧，故Na的金属性比Mg的强，则NaOH的碱性比Mg(OH)2的强。

D.NaHCO3的热稳定性差，是由于HCO－3受热易分解。

3．英国研究人员认为，全球将有1.4亿人因为用水受到砷中毒之害，导致更多的人患癌症。

下列对砷(As)的有关判断正确的是()A．砷的原子序数为33，它与铝为同主族B．砷的原子半径小于磷的原子半径C．砷化氢的稳定性比溴化氢的强D．砷酸的酸性比硫酸的弱解析：选D。

砷的原子序数为33，位于ⅤA族，A错；砷、磷同主族，砷的原子半径大于磷的原子半径，B错；砷、溴同周期，砷的非金属性比溴弱，因此砷化氢的稳定性比溴化氢的弱，C错；由于非金属性S＞P＞As，因此砷酸的酸性比硫酸的弱，D对。

4．(2019·威海高一测试)下列关于元素周期表和元素周期律的说法错误的是()A．Li、Na、K元素的原子核外电子层数随着核电荷数的增加而增多B．第二周期元素从Li到F，非金属性逐渐增强C．因为Na比K容易失去电子，所以Na比K的还原性强D．O与S为同主族元素，且O比S的非金属性强解析：选C。

人教版八年级英语下册Unit2 达标检测卷含答案

人教版八年级英语下册Unit2达标检测卷第一部分听力（共四大题，满分20分）Ⅰ.短对话理解（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）（）1.How will they go to the old people’s home？A B C（）2.What does Kate do to help the children？A B C（）3.How soon will the City Park Clean-up Day be？A.In seven days.B.In ten days.C.In fourteen days. （）4.How does the girl feel to be a volunteer？A.Happy.B.Tired.C.Relaxed.（）5.What did the boy volunteer to do last summer vacation？A.He watered the plants.B.He cared for animals.C.He played with animals.Ⅱ.长对话理解（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。

（）6.When did Julia and Lucy take part in a voluntary activity？st week.st month.st year.（）7.How did Julia and Lucy feel after the activity？A.Excited and happy.B.Tired and bored.C.Tired but happy.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。

（）8.When will the concert start？A.This Friday.B.This Saturday.C.This Sunday.（）9.Why will singers come to the concert？A.To make money.B.To help old people.C.To help homeless people.（）10．How much is the ticket？A.50 yuan.B.60 yuan.C.70 yuan.Ⅲ.短文理解（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）（）11.How did Tom get to the old people’s home？A.By bus.B.By bike.C.By subway. （）12.What time did Tom get to the old people’s home？A.At 8：00 a.m.B.At 9：00 a.m.C.At 10：00 a.m. （）13.How long did Tom stay there？A.For six hours.B.For seven hours.C.For eight hours. （）14.What didn’t Tom do when he was in the old people’s home？A.Chat with the old people.B.Help the old people do housework.C.Cook delicious food for the old people.（）15.What did Tom do at 5：00 p. m. ？A.He did his homework.B.He left the old people’s home.C.He wrote a diary about his experience.Ⅳ.信息转换（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）Ⅴ.单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）（）21.—What about going to the beaches for vacation？—Great！we’re lying on the beach in the sun，enjoyingmusic. It must be fun！A.DescribeB.PromiseC.WonderD.Imagine（）22.—No one could answer the teacher’s question but Linda.—Yes，she is really ！A.carelessB.cleverC.outgoingD.beautiful（）23.The Internet makes possible for us to work or study at home.A.thatB.thisC.itD.them（）24.—Nowadays it’s not easy for parents to a child.—I can’t agr ee more. We need to care about both his health and study.A.helpB.raiseC.teachD.believe（）25.—The article is really difficult.—Yes，it is. I can’t its meaning at all.A.acceptB.forgetC.understandD.believe （）26.All the members decided to the money from the book sale to homeless people.A.give upB.give awayC.give outD.give in（）27.—Hi，Li Mei. How is your new school？—Fantastic. We can choose the courses according to our. I loveoperas，so I took the Beijing Opera class.A.gradesB.talentsC.interestsD.experiences （）28.—Henry is in hospital and he looks bored.—Sorry to hear that. Let’s go to the hospital and this afternoon.A.cheer him upB.call him upC.wake him upD.pick him up（）29.—It’s so noisy outside that I can’t work at all.—Yes，we have to new ways to solve this problem.e up withB.put up withC.catch up withD.get on with（）30.—We should do something to help others in our free time.—. We can start with small things such as cleaning up the parks.A.I’m not sureB.You’re rightC.I don’t agreeD.Yes，you canⅥ.完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）AJoe’s parents were both book lovers. Several years ago，the couple and other people in their community raised money to build a 31. And the books in the library were given away by people in the community. They had been 32of driving twenty miles to the nearest public library.Mrs. Hong，a retired librarian，was the director of the library. Volunteers often helped Mrs. Hong keep the book-shelves（书架）clean and 33. Sometimes after school，Joe also 34at the library. He loved reading books and enjoyed being with them.One day，Mrs. Hong talked to Joe about her 35of building a children’s reading room. But it would 36much more money than the library could afford.Later Joe talked to several friends about 37to raise money. Finally they developed a plan to do some fundraising（筹款）activities which kids could take part in，such as 38the street and doing housework. Joe and his friends tried to invite more kids to join them.To everyone’s surprise，less than a year after Joe’s conversation with Mrs. Hong，the kids had raised enough money to 39the reading room. During the opening ceremony of it，Mrs. Hong said，“This reading roo m is for the 40in our community. And under the leadership of Joe，their hard work has made a dream come true. What great kids they are！”（）31.A.bridge B.house C.library boratory（）32.A.careful B.tired C.proud D.afraid（）33.A.lovely B.ugly C.tidy D.popular（）34.A.danced B.played C.checked D.volunteered（）35.A.dream B.ability C.skill D.hobby（）36.A.pay B.cost C.spend D.give（）37.A.marks B.games C.ways D.tools（）38.A.giving up B.cleaning up C.picking up D.putting up（）39.A.buy B.draw C.build D.visit（）40.A.poor B.women C.kids D.oldB[2023苏州]When I was eleven years old，my life changed forever when I got a serious disease. My life was 41with operations and treatments. I felt stressed because I was really uncertain 42everything that was happening.One day，I was receiving my thirteenth operation in the hospital. Being away from my friends and school was causing me almost as much 43as the operation itself.During that hospital stay，I received a card from a volunteer. That simple 44 meant much to me and gave me hope again during my time of need. I’ll never 45the way I felt after that small act of kindness. I started creating an organization called Cards for Hospitalized（住院的）Kids.The charity began with a simple dream of giving 46，joy and magic to those kids. It later 47 a national organization that sent cards to over 5，000 sick kids at more than 50 hospitals across the country.It is hard to believe that an act as simple as a card can do so much good，48it does. Seeing a picture of a child 49one of our cards with a huge smile makes us keep this wonderful charity alive.50might provide medicine for these sick kids，but we provide that little bit of hope and magic that’ll go a long way.（）41.A.lighted B.matched C.filled D.painted（）42.A.about B.with C.over D.towards（）43.A.fun B.pain C.value D.danger（）44.A.act B.job C.game D.lesson（）45.A.mind B.lead C.forget D.risk（）46.A.hope B.fear C.shock D.pressure（）47.A.looked up B.gave up C.broke into D.turned into（）48.A.nor B.but C.for D.or（）49.A.selling B.printing C.holding D.cleaning（）50.A.Teachers B.Friends C.Patients D.DoctorsⅦ.补全对话，其中有两项多余（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）A：Hi，Sandy. Do you have any plans this Sunday？B：Yes，I’m going to raise money for disabled kids.51.A：Sure，I’d like to. But how are we going to raise money？B：I’m going to have a book sale in my community （社区）.52.In fact，we can also sell other old things such as pencil boxes and CDs there.A：Sounds like a good plan. 53.B：Yes. To make more people know our plan，I think we should make a poster （海报）and put it up.A：54.Why don’t we ask Jim for help？He is good at drawing and he can help us make a poster.B：Good idea！I will call him right now.A：55.B：I think so，too. He is always ready to help others.Ⅷ.阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

2021版高考英语(人教版)一轮复习课后达标检测：必修2 2 Unit 2 The Olympic Games Word版含答案

(建议用时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·贵州适应性测试)Almost all calligraphy(书法) lovers agreethat writing characters with a brush and ink on straw paper offers a way tocommunicate with not only history and culture, but also oneself. But nowChinese character handwriting is under threat from computers and mobile phones.A college graduate looking for a job was reportedly turned down by a company because he wrote 24 characters incorrectly in a 400character handwritten resume. A survey by HorizonKey, covering people from 12 major cities in China, found that nearly one third of those interviewed often experience “character amnesia(遗忘)”，with 94 percent saying this is a problem for them.The main reason is that most Chinese rely too much on the pinyin-based Chinese language input method, which is replacing the tradition of writing characters stroke(笔画) by stroke. The software will conveniently choose the right characters according to the context or word frequency, as there are dozens of characters with the same pronunciation in Chinese.Education is another problem. In college, most homework and papers are printed out, instead of handwritten. And few teachers use chalk and blackboards, with Microsoft’s PowerPoint the most-often used software to teach knowledge to students.The number of electronic devices in the classroom is thought to be another reason why students are easily satisfied with just a poor knowledge of the Chinese language and characters. It is quicker to look up a character in an electronic dictionary, but traditional printed dictionaries offer more detailed information on the usage and meaning of the characters. Students pay more attention to remembering a character’s pronunciation, but not the other knowledge related to it, which edictionaries rarely provide.Another worry is the “pollution”of Chinese characters by Internet language. Young peopleregard using Internet language as cool and fashionable. After they learn to use these expressions, they automatically include them in their writing.【解题导语】随着电脑上的汉语输入法、办公软件以及电子产品的影响，人们手写汉字的能力在减弱。

人教版七年级英语下册UNIT 2 达标检测卷含答案

人教版七年级英语下册UNIT 2 达标检测卷第一部分听力(四大题，20分)一、短对话理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)()1. Where is Sally now?()2. What does Gina's father always do in the morning?()3. When does Kate go to bed?A. At 9: 00 pm.B. At 9: 30 pm.C. At 10: 00 pm.()4. What does Alice sometimes do on weekends?A. Does sports.B. Watches TV.C. Cleans the room.()5. What does Cindy have for breakfast?A. Rice and tomatoes.B. Rice and carrots.C. Bread and tomatoes.二、长对话理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面一段对话，回答第6、7小题。

()6. What time does Alex usually go to bed?A. At 8: 30.B. At 9: 30.C. At 10: 00.()7. What does Alex do before (在……之前) going to bed?A. He brushes his teeth.B. He watches TV.C. He takes a shower.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10小题。

()8. What does Jack usually do at half past six in the morning?A. He eats breakfast.B. He takes a shower.C. He runs.()9. Where does Jack have breakfast?A. At school.B. At home.C. We don't know.()10. What does Jack like for breakfast?A. One hamburger and two eggs.B. Some apples and eggs.C. One hamburger and some apples.三、短文理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)()11. How old is Jane?A. 11 years old.B. 12 years old.C. 13 years old.()12. When does Jane have breakfast?A. At 7: 00 am.B. At 7: 15 am.C. At 7: 30 am.()13. What is Jane's favorite subject?A. Math.B. Science.C. History.()14. What does Jane usually do after class?A. Plays volleyball.B. Watches TV.C. Talks with her classmates.()15. What does Jane think of her school life?A. Busy.B. Great.C. Funny.四、信息转换(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)第二部分语言知识运用(三大题，35分) 五、单项填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)()21. —Excuse me. What's your____？—I'm a musician.A. artB. dayC. jobD. name()22. —What do you always do in the evening?—I always do ____ homework at home.A. myB. IC. mineD. me()23. —Dad says I need to ____ every day to be healthy.—He's right. Doing sports is good for you.A. showerB. brushC. workD. exercise()24. This story is really ____，so all of us like it very much.A. boringB. funnyC. difficultD. healthy()25. David can't swim. Tony can't swim, ____.A. neverB. tooC. eitherD. also()26. —What's the number of students in your class?—____. Eighteen girls and twenty-two boys.A. ThirtyB. Forty.C. Fifty.D. Sixty.()27. We have lunch at a quarter to twelve. The right time is ______.()28. Alan, here are your clothes. ____ and then go to the party with me.A. Come onB. Watch TVC. Make friendsD. Get dressed()29. —Do you usually go to bed late?—No, but ____ Friday evening, I go to bed____11: 30 pm.A. at; atB. in; inC. on; atD. in; at()30. —____？—At 5: 00 pm.A. What does he likeB. Where does he goC. What does he doD. When does he go home六、完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)AJim is a middle school student. He likes to __31__ TV inthe evening. He often__32__ after eleven o'clock. So Jim oftengets up late in the morning. He doesn't__33__ to be late forschool, so he often doesn't brush his__34__ or wash his face.Jim thinks it's fine, __35__ his classmates don't think so. They don't like to__36__ to him or play with him. Jim doesn't know __37__ . He asks his mom, “Mom, why don't my__38__ like me？”Mom doesn't __39__ Jim the reason, but she asks him a question, “What don't you do in the morning？”Jim thinks about the __40__ for some time. Can he find his bad habit and then change it?()31. A. find B. lookC. watchD. meet()32. A. goes to school B. goes to workC. goes homeD. goes to bed()33. A. want B. needC. takeD. call()34. A. shoes B. teethC. headD. trousers()35. A. and B. soC. orD. but()36. A. have B. teachC. talkD. write()37. A. why B. howC. whenD. where()38. A. sisters B. brothersC. teachersD. classmates()39. A. love B. tellC. drawD. come()40. A. subject B. partyC. questionD. numberBI am a junior school student from Shanghai. My name is Wang Qiang. And you can__41__ me Wilson. I'm very busy every day. I __42__ early in the morning. I often have a __43__ breakfast because I think it's a very important meal. I never eat breakfast quickly. Then I go to school by __44__ . There are many people on it, so it's always crowded(拥挤的). I have seven classes, four in the morning and three in the afternoon. I have a lot of homework every day, like other students here. I always work on my school subjects, but I still have__45__ time to do my favorite activities.I enjoy __46__ a lot. I can sing many songs. And I usually play the piano for an hour at school every day. I'm also interested in __47__ . I usually play basketball with my father on the weekend and __48__ I go swimming with him.Would you like to make friends with me on the Internet? If your answer is “yes”，please __49__ to me in English or Chinese. I'm __50__ waiting for your letter. I hope we will be good friends.()41. A. ask B. callC. giveD. phone()42. A. get up B. do sportsC. go homeD. go to bed()43. A. quick B. badC. fatD. good()44. A. taxi B. carC. bikeD. bus()45. A. free B. smallC. manyD. big()46. A. movies B. sportsC. musicD. book()47. A. study B. sportsC. musicD. food()48. A. never B. alsoC. reallyD. sometimes()49. A. ask B. passC. writeD. go()50. A. sadly B. happilyC. earlyD. slowly七、补全对话(有两项多余)(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)A: Hi, Jane. Do you have a healthy life?B: Yes, I think so.A: That's great. 51. ______B: Yes. I often get up at 5: 00 in the morning.A: 52. ________B: First, I go out to run for half an hour. And then I have breakfast.A: 53. ________B: Noodles, eggs and some fruit.A: I also have noodles and eggs for breakfast, but I don't like vegetables or fruit. B: 54. ________ We need to eat some every day.A: Oh, I know. 55. ________B: Yes, I do. It also helps to be healthy.第三部分阅读(共两节，40分)八、阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)第一节:AThis is Sandra's schedule(日程安排)(续表)Saturday7: 50 a. m. Dumplings Cakes ComputergamesHomework()56. What does Sandra eat for lunch on Thursday?A. Tofu and fish.B. Noodles.C. Rice and chicken.D. Hamburgers.()57. What may be Sandra's favorite activity?()58. Which is NOT true(正确的)?A. From Monday to Thursday, Sandra gets up at 7 o'clock in the morning.B. Sandra likes eating dumplings on Tuesday morning.C. Sandra does her homework on Friday evenings.D. Sandra plays sports.BI'm Tony. I am from Canada. I study at Hangzhou International School now. I usually get up at 6: 30 in the morning and then I take a shower. I go to school at 7: 30. We have the first class at 8: 10 in the morning. At 12: 00 I eat lunch at school. Hamburgers are my favorite food. We finish school at 4: 30 in the afternoon. After school, I either go to the library or play tennis with my friends. I never watch TV on school days. I go to bed at 9: 00 in the evening.Jim is my father. He gets up early every day, at about 5: 30. And then he runs for an hour. After a quick breakfast, he goes to work. He works on the computer at home. He usually works until about 12: 00. He always has a big lunch. After lunch, he goes on working until about 6: 00 p. m. In the evening, he always takes a walk with me after dinner.()59. What does Tony do on school days?①run②watch TV③take a walk④play tennis⑤take a showerA. ①②③B. ②③④C. ③④⑤D. ①④⑤()60. Where does Tony eat lunch?A. At home.B. At school.C. At his friend's home.D. At his grandma's home.()61. What time is it after Jim finishes running?A. At about 5: 30.B. At about 6: 00.C. At about 6: 30.D. At about 7: 00.()62. What does the underlined word “until” mean in Chinese?A. 在……后B. 在……时C. 在……前D. 直到……时CIt's half past seven. Mom asks Tom to get up. She says，“We're going to the zoo this morning. Let's go at eight. I have to work in the afternoon. ”“Just a minute(等一下), Mom，” Tom says. Then he plays with his model planes on the bed. When he gets up, it's eight twenty.Mom s ays, “Now go to take a shower quickly and then have your breakfast. ”“Just a minute, Mom，” Tom says. Then he goes to say hi to his dog Mike and play with him. After Tom finishes breakfast, it's twenty to ten.“Can we go now, Tom？” Mom asks.“Just a minu te, Mom，” Tom says. “The story on the radio is so fun. Let me finish it. ”It's 10: 10. “I can go now，Mom，” Tom says. “Oh，just a minute. Let me put on my favorite clothes…”Everything is OK. And it's 11: 00. “Let's go，Mom. ”“Just a minute, Tom，” Mom says.“It's too late. I need to make lunch. I have to go to work at 1: 00 p. m. I'm sorry…”()63. What does Tom do first after he gets up?A. He plays with his model planes.B. He says hi to his dog Mike.C. He takes a shower.D. He has breakfast.()64. How long does it take Tom to finish the story on the radio?A. A quarter.B. Half an hour.C. Three quarters.D. An hour.()65. What does the story want to tell us?A. We should(应该) be good to our dogs.B. We should get up early on the weekend.C. We should finish our breakfast quickly.D. We should always cherish(珍惜) time.DJames is a poor boy in our community. He has no father, and his mother is poor in health. He studies hard and is good at all his lessons. At weekends, he has to work to make money.On Saturday and Sunday mornings, he rides his bike to the post office to get newspapers, and then gives them out from house to house before breakfast. So he usually gets up early at 5: 00 a. m. He goes to the street corner after breakfast and shines shoes(擦鞋) for people there. James has no time to go back home for lunch. Very often he has some dry bread with cold water. He keeps working for ten hours a day like that.The following picture shows the money he earns(挣) each week.Because the family have to pay sixteen dollars for food each week, their life is really hard. But they are full of hope that everything will be fine one day.()66. James lives with his____.A. grandparentsB. parentsC. motherD. father()67. James works ____ to make money.A. after schoolB. on weekendsC. every morningD. on Mondays()68. James usually has lunch ____ on his working days.A. at homeB. at his workplaceC. in a restaurantD. at school()69. In the ____ week, James makes less money than he does in the fourth week.A. ninthB. secondC. thirdD. fifthEMy father is a manager (经理). He is very busy. He works from Monday to Saturday. In the morning, he usually goes to work at half past eight and he doesn't eat dinner at home. He comes home late at ten or eleven every night. He can make lots of money (钱). But he is not happy about it because he doesn't have a healthy life.DaleMy mother is a teacher. She gets up early at twenty to six onweekdays(工作日). Then she cooks breakfast for me. Shegoes to work at six thirty. She works for four hours in themorning. She eats lunch at school. In the afternoon, shebegins(开始) to work at ten past one and finishes her workat five thirty. She's kind to her students and often helps themto study English. Her students all like her. My motherdoesn't make much money，but she is great.Susan ()70. What time does Dale's father usually go to work?()71. How long does Susan's mom work every weekday?A. For four hours.B. For six hours.C. For eight hours and twenty minutes.D. For four hours and twenty minutes.()72. What can we learn from the passage?A. Dale likes his father's job.B. Dale's father doesn't like his job.C. Susan's mother works on weekends.D. Susan's mother is a Chinese teacher.第二节:阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题(请注意每小题的词数要求)。

人教精通版五年级英语上册Unit 2达标检测卷含答案

人教精通版五年级英语上册Unit 2达标检测卷时间：40分钟满分：100分题号一二三四五六七八九十十一十二总分得分听力部分(30分)一、听录音，用数字给图片排序。

(5分)二、听录音，选择你听到的句子。

(5分)() 1. A. Lisa looks cute. B. Lisa looks quiet.C. Lisa looks clever.() 2. A. Linda has a big mouth. B. Linda has two big eyes.C. Linda has black hair.() 3. A. Who's that woman? B. Who's that girl?C. Who's that policeman?() 4. A. How old is he? B. How old are you?C. How old is she?() 5. A. What's your name? B. What's her name?C. What's his name?三、听录音，选择合适的答语。

(10分)() 1. A. I'm ten. B. He's eleven.() 2. A. She's my aunt. B. He's my father.() 3. A. His name is Tim. B. Her name is Cathy.() 4. A. She's my sister. B. She's six.() 5. A. Yes, it is. B. No, he's active.四、听录音，判断正(T)误(F)。

(10分)() 1. Tim is at the music club.() 2. Tim is a Chinese student and he's eleven.() 3. He's short but clever.() 4. He has short hair and small eyes.() 5. He likes reading books.笔试部分(70分)五、选出每组不同类别的单词。

高中数学必修《优化方案》课后达标检测 (2)

高中数学必修《优化方案》课后达标检测
1. 用秒表计时，从A地出发到B地需要10分钟，试问这段路程的速度是多少？
2. 某家电公司制造电视机的成本为每台2000元，每售出一台可以获得利润150元。

该公司想要制造和售出多少台电视机，才能获得最大利润？
3. 设一长方形花坛的长为x米，宽为y米，现需要围上一道围墙，围墙的成本为每米20元。

试问，这个花坛的长和宽各是多少，才能使得围墙的成本最小？
4. 一边是长方形，围起来的平面图形是正方形，这个长方形的周长为20米，试问这个长方形的长和宽各是多少，才能使得围起来的正方形的面积最大？
5. 设一边是长方形，另一边是正方形，这个长方形的周长为18米，试问这个长方形和正方形的面积各是多少，才能使得总面积最大？
6. 一片土地可以围成长度为l的三角形和两个面积相等的矩形农田，设两个矩形的边长分别为x和y米，试问，这片土地的最大农田面积是多少？
7. 设一面是正方形，另一面是圆形，这个正方形的周长为
10米，试问这个正方形和圆形的面积各是多少，才能使得
总面积最大？
8. 外接圆半径为4的正方形，一边上分成m等分，试问，
这个正方形的面积和圆形的面积之比能取得最大值的时候，m等于多少？
9. 设一边是正方形，另一边是长方形，这个长方形的长为x 米，宽为y米，长方形的周长为2x+4y米，试问，这个正
方形和长方形的面积各是多少，才能使得总面积最大？
10. 现给出一个圆，扇形的面积占比是20%，圆的半径为r，求这个扇形的面积。

人教精通版四年级英语下册-Unit 2达标检测卷附答案

人教精通版四年级英语下册Unit 2达标检测卷时间：40分钟满分：100分题号一二三四五六七八九十十一总分得分听力部分(40分)一、听录音，选择你所听到的单词。

(10分)()1. A. forty B. fifty C. fourteen()2. A. seventy B. twenty-seven C. eleven()3. A. school B. student C. small()4. A. boy B. bag C. bed()5. A. that B. this C. there二、听录音，按听到的顺序为下列图片排序。

(10分)()()()()()() () () () ()三、听录音，选择你所听到的句子。

(10分)()1. A. They are twenty girls. B. There are twenty girls.()2. A. Welcome to our class. B. Welcome to my home.()3. A. How about you? B. How about your school？()4. A. Let's count from 1 to 19. B. Let's count from 1 to 29.()5. A. How many pencils do you have? B. How many pens do you have？四、听录音，根据所给情景，选择合适的表达。

(10分)1. 新老师到你们班来，你应该说：2. 新老师问全班有多少学生，他应该说：3. 体育老师让同学们报数，他应该说：4. 你告诉老师全校有60个老师，你应该说：5. 你告诉老师班里仅有12个男生，你应该说：笔试部分(60分)五、选出不同类的单词。

(5分)()1. A. eleven B. twelve C. number ()2. A. boy B. student C. girl ()3. A. bag B. book C. bedroom ()4. A. have B. class C. school ()5. A. eighty B. ninety C. pens六、根据图片提示，补全句子。

高中地理第二章区域生态环境建设第二节森林的开发和保护_以亚马孙热带雨林为例达标检测含解析3

第二节森林的开发和保护—以亚马孙热带雨林为例巴西拥有世界上最大的热带雨林，结合图完成1~3题。

1．从左图上看，巴西雨林的环境效益有()①净化空气②涵养水源③降低风速④吸烟除尘A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②③④2．雨林被誉为“世界生物基因宝库",下列说法正确的是（)A．雨林受人类破坏最少,因此保存完好B．亚马孙雨林的物种资源占全球陆地物种的一半以上C．亚马孙雨林的减少对物种基因影响不大D．雨林生态的脆弱性是导致物种减少的直接原因3．雨林生态系统的脆弱性主要表现在（）A．生物残体分解快B．植物生长速度快C．养分几乎全部储存在地上的植物体内D．群落以高大的乔木为主解析：第1题，读图可知，植物吸收CO2，放出O2、H2O，说明其具有净化空气的作用；风、径流经过雨林后有减小的趋势,说明其具有涵养水源、降低风速的作用。

第2题,雨林是全球最古老的植物群落，生物繁多,受人类破坏少,保护时间长,被誉为“世界生物基因宝库”.第3题，热带雨林是地球上功能最强大的生态系统,也是生产力最高的生物群落，在强大的生命活动推动下，雨林生长所需的养分几乎全部储存在地上的植物体内,雨林中土壤一般较贫瘠。

答案：1。

A 2.A3。

C热带云雾林是指在潮湿的热带地区经常被云雾掩盖的森林,其形成需要两个必不可少的条件:一是持续充沛的水汽,二是足够低的凝结温度。

与其他地区的热带雨林相比，热带云雾林植株矮小、树干弯曲。

这种森林虽然只占全球热带雨林面积的2.5%，却是世界上多数生物的避难所。

下图为热带云雾林景观图。

据此,完成4～5题.4．热带云雾林树干弯曲的形态是为了()A．适应较低的气温B．抵御强劲的风力C．获取更多水分D．获得更多光照解析：结合材料可知热带云雾林光照条件不足，树木为了获得更多的光照只得蜿蜒生长，由此形成了弯曲的树干，D项正确.答案:D5．热带云雾林成为世界上多数生物避难所的最主要原因是(）A．人类活动影响小B．栖息地空间大C．云雾的隐蔽性好D．食物来源充足解析：由于热带云雾林主要分布在热带海拔较高的山区，路途崎岖,湿度大,温度低，不适合人类长期停留活动，受人类活动影响小，因此成为生物的避难所,A项正确;栖息地空间大、云雾隐蔽性好、食物来源充足均不是最主要原因.答案:A西藏拉鲁湿地位于拉萨市西北角，介于城市和草地的过渡地区，是国内最大的城市湿地，具有显著的生态效益。

冀教版四年级英语下册Unit 2 达标检测卷附答案

冀教版四年级英语下册Unit 2达标检测卷时间：40分钟满分：100分听力(40分) 笔试(40分)总分题号一二三四五六七八九十十一得分第一部分听力(40分)一、听录音, 选出你所听到的单词。

(10 分)( )1. A. January B. Friday C. February( )2. A. your B. her C. he( )3. A. second B. seven C. eleven( )4. A. sunny B. Saturday C. rainy( )5. A. whose B. when C. where二、听录音, 给下列图片排序。

(10 分)( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 三、听录音, 选择正确的答语。

(10 分)( )1. A. There are twelve months in a year.B. My favourite month is March.( )2. A. It’s January the first. B. It’s June the first.( )3. A. It’s hot and sunny. B. It’s cold and snowy.( )4. A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t.( )5. A. My birthday is in July. B. My favourite month is January.四、听录音, 填写单词将短文补充完整。

(10 分)My favorite month is 1.________ . Because my birthday is in it. August is a holiday 2. ________ because we always have summer holidays. August is a hot and 3. ________ month. I like to go to the beach. I can swim in the sea. I can make sandcastles on the beach. I can pick up the beautiful shells on the beach. I can lie onthe beach to see the 4. ________ .This August will be my 5. ________ time to go to the beach.第二部分笔试(60 分)五、判断下列各组单词画线部分发音是(T)否(F)相同。

必修2第一单元第二课课后达标检测.doc

课后达标检测J ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 以练促学高效提能■ ♦一、选择题1.2014年9月是我国人民代表大会制度建立60周年。

在我国，全国人大代表的选举方式是（）A.直接选举和等额选举B.直接选举和差额选举C.间接选举和等额选举D.间接选举和差额选举解析：选D。

在我国，全国人大代表的选举方式是间接选举和差额选举，故选D项。

A、B、C三项均与题意不符。

2.目前，在我国举行一次全国性的乡级人大代表的直接选举，至少需要433万人的人力投入，3亿元以上的财力支出。

举行一次全国性的县级人大代表的直接选举，至少需要533 万人的人力投入，6亿元以上的财力支出，而实际的支出远高于此数。

这表明（）①直接选举的成本过大，得不偿失②我们进行直接选举的条件还不具备③选举方式的选择与我国国情密切相关④我国将长期采用直接与间接选举相结合的选举方式A.①②B.③④C.①③D.②④解析：选B。

选举方式的选择与我国国情密切相关，在相当长的一段时期内，我国将采取直接选举与间接选举相结合的选举方式，③④符合题意，①②说法错误。

3.漫画《投老张一票给十元!》说明了（）A.必须加强我国的立法工作B.我国需要加强司法机关的建设C.选举权和被选举权是公民的基本民主权利D.应提高选民的权利意识，完善监督机制解析：选D。

漫画《投老张一票给十元！》反映了选举中贿赂选民的现象。

作为选民应提高自身政治素养，审慎行使民主选举权利，投出理性一票；从国家角度讲，要进一步完善监督机制，防止类似情况发生，D项正确。

A、B、C三项与漫画主旨不符。

4.2015年“两会”前夕，人民网推出了“两会”博客和播客，开设“民间建议”专题, 聆听百姓心声，网罗八方民意。

2020版高考历史专题八五四运动到新中国成立前2第2讲抗日战争与解放战争课后达标检测新人教版

第2讲抗日战争与解放战争(建议用时：45分钟)一、选择题1．(2019·合肥质检)九一八事变后，《东三省各界联合会宣言》发表：“东北有三千余万民众，两百余万健儿，各输其财，各捐其躯，誓与日本帝国主义者作最后决斗。

宁教白山黑水尽化为赤血之区，不愿华胄倭奴同立于黄海之岸！”据此可知( ) A．全民族抗战的局面由此开始形成B．东北地区是抗日战争的主战场C．东北民众是中华民族抗日的先锋D．中日矛盾已经上升为主要矛盾解析：选C。

面对1931年的九一八事变，东北人民决心抗击日本的侵略，可见东北人民是抗日的先锋，故选C项；全民族抗战的局面形成是在1937年卢沟桥事变之后开始的，A 项错误；题干反映的是东北人民抗战的决心，没有涉及战场问题，B项错误；中日矛盾成为主要矛盾是在1935年华北事变之后，D项错误。

2．(2019·湛江测试)下图为民国二十一年《申报》刊登的“金鼠牌”香烟的广告。

这反映了( )A．广告是宣传抗日的主要媒体B．全民抗日成为社会共识C．商界积极参与爱国救亡运动D．中日矛盾不断地被激化解析：选D。

据材料时间“民国二十一年”和“人人应有救国的责任”可以得知中日矛盾在不断激化，故D项正确；“‘金鼠牌’香烟的广告”的主要目的是销售香烟，故A项错误；仅从香烟广告无法得知全民抗战是否已经成为社会共识，故B项错误；材料中的“金鼠牌”香烟广告不能代表整个商界，故C项错误。

3．(2019·青岛模拟)1936年，国民政府国防计划大纲将四川定为作战总根据地，将长江以南的南京、南昌、武昌及长江以北的太原、郑州、洛阳、西安定为作战根据地。

这反映了国民政府( )A．加强对国内各要地的控制B．推行“攘外必先安内”政策C．全力封锁农村革命根据地D．开始筹划对日持久作战战略解析：选D。

随着中日民族矛盾上升为中国社会的主要矛盾，此计划就是为了筹划对日持久作战，故选D项；1936年国民政府的国防计划，主要针对日本的侵华，而并非加强对国内各要地的控制、封锁农村革命根据地，也不是针对红军推行的“攘外必先安内”政策，故A、B、C三项错误。

七年级生物上册第2章探索生命第2节生物学研究的基本方法达标检测(含解析)(新版)北师大版-(

生物学研究的基本方法【双基巩固】1.科学家珍妮·古多尔在深入坦桑尼亚国家公园长期从事野生黑猩猩行为特征的研究过程中，所采取的主要研究方法是()A.观察法B.实验法C.测量法D.调查法2.某兴趣小组的同学设置了“有光”和“无光”两种环境条件，探究“光对大豆发芽的影响”。

这种研究方法属于()A.观察法B.分类法C.调查法D.实验法3.在研究“响尾蛇是如何追寻它放走的猎物的”实验中，科学家提出：响尾蛇是根据自己的毒液的气味来追寻受伤的猎物的。

这应属于实验研究的哪一个步骤()A.发现并提出问题B.收集与问题相关的信息C.作出假设D.分析实验现象4.在做“响尾蛇是如何追寻它放走的猎物的”实验时，将一只没有被蛇咬过的死老鼠用于实验的目的是()A.作为重复实验以减少误差B.将它与响尾蛇咬过的死老鼠形成对照C.研究响尾蛇是习惯袭击死的还是活的老鼠D.将响尾蛇咬过的死老鼠作为实验组5.为了探究环境因素对蚯蚓生活的影响，生物兴趣小组同学设计了多组对照实验，下列对照实验变量设计不正确的是()A.有空气和无空气B.温度与湿度C.20℃和40℃D.有光和无光6.如果实验结果与假设出现矛盾，下列做法中错误的是()A.修改假设B.修改实验数据C.重新进行实验D.进一步查找相关资料7.在探究“光对鼠妇生活的影响”的实验中，把同样多的鼠妇同时放在较暗的和较亮的环境中，下列哪种曲线能表示较暗环境中鼠妇的数量变化()8.在做了“探究影响鼠妇分布的环境因素”实验后，请你回答下列问题：(1)同学们在捕捉鼠妇时会发现，它们经常躲在哪种环境中?。

(2)根据鼠妇的生活环境，你提出的问题是：?(3)实验时所用鼠妇的数量是不是越多越好?为什么?。

(4)假设的提出不是凭空臆造的，需要有较丰富的证据和理论依据。

当实验结果不符合假设时，应该怎么做()A.放弃实验不再探讨此问题B.修正实验结果以符合假设C.重新提出假设再进行实验D.不再做此实验直接提出结论(5)在设计实验时，注意使鼠妇的生活环境除外都保持相同，形成了两种环境的对照。

沪教牛津版四年级英语上册Unit 2达标检测卷含答案

沪教牛津版四年级英语上册Unit 2达标检测卷时间：40分钟满分：100分+10分题号一二三四五六七八九十十一口语总分得分听力部分(40分)一、听录音，给下列图片排序。

(10分)二、听录音，选出你所听到的单词。

(10分)()1. A. run B. red C. one()2. A. and B. but C. too()3. A. write B. read C. find()4. A. can B. can't C. cannot()5. A. Welcome B. Winter C. Window三、听录音，选出相应的答句。

(10分)()1. A. Yes, she can. B. Yes, I can. C. Yes, he can.()2. A. I can fly. B. Yes, I do. C. I can't fly.()3. A. Yes, I do.B. I like toy bears.C. I can fly.()4. A. Yes, he can dance.B. She can draw.C. He can swim.()5. A. Yes, you can.B. Yes, I'd like some bread and milk.C. I can make cakes.四、听录音，填表格。

(10分)Name PeterAge He is 1. ________.Can He can 2. ________ and 3. ________.Can't He can't 4. ________.Good friends Sam can swim fast. Rose can 5. ________.笔试部分(60分)五、根据图片提示完成句子。

(10分)1. A bird can ________. A dog can ________ .2. —________ ________ the boy do?—He can ________.3. —________ Jessica write?—Yes，________ ________.4. I can ________but I can't ________.六、选择can或can't 填空。

人教精通版六年级英语下册-Unit 2达标检测卷附答案

人教精通版六年级英语下册Unit 2达标检测卷时间：40分钟满分：100分听力部分(30分)一、听录音，判断下列图片与所听内容是(T)否(F)相符。

(5分)1. 2. 3.() () ()4. 5.() ()二、听录音，根据所听内容选择正确的答语。

(5分)()1. What is near Tom's community?A. A river.B. A school.C. A park.()2. Where did Mike go yesterday?A. The clothes shop.B. The supermarket.C. The bookshop.()3. How can I get to the post office?A. Take the No. 11 bus at the bus station.B. Turn right at the traffic lights and then go straight.C. Go down this street, and the post office is on your right.()4. Where is the bookshop?A. It's in front of the clothes shop.B. It's behind the clothes shop.C. It's far from here.()5. How does Lucy often go to school?A. By bike.B. By bus.C. On foot.三、听录音，根据所听内容选择合适的答语。

(10分)()1. A. I want to go to the bookshop. B. Thanks.C. Go down this street.()2. A. It's beside the hotel. B. There is a park.C. Only a few minutes.()3. A. By bus. B. By the bus. C. At a bus.()4. A. Yes, it is. B. No, it doesn't.C. Yes, I am.()5. A. OK. B. You are welcome. C. Thank you.四、Li Yan报名参加了幸福里社区举办的“情暖夕阳，关爱老人”志愿者服务活动，活动在社区的疗养院举行，Li Yan正在询问去疗养院的路，请你听一听，根据所听内容补全对话。

2 第2课时课后达标巩固落实

(建议用时：30分钟)A组学业达标练1．关于功率，下列说法正确的是( )A．功率是描述力对物体做功多少的物理量B．力做功时间越长，力的功率一定越小C．力对物体做功越快，力的功率一定越大D．力对物体做功越多，力的功率一定越大解析：选C.功率是描述力对物体做功快慢的物理量，做功越快，功率越大，A错误，C正确；力对物体做功时间长，未必做功慢，B错误；力对物体做功多，未必做功快，D错误．2．从空中以40 m/s的初速度平抛一重为10 N的物体，物体在空中运动3 s 落地，不计空气阻力，取g＝10 m/s2，则物体落地前瞬间，重力的瞬时功率为( )A．300 W B．400 WC．500 W D．700 W解析：选A.物体落地瞬间v y＝gt＝30 m/s，所以P G＝Gv y＝300 W，故A正确．3．(2019·广东佛山期末)为了行驶安全，小车进入城区应适当减速，某小车进入城区前功率恒为P，做匀速直线运动，进入城区后仍沿直线行驶，所受阻力不变，但功率立刻变为P2，并保持此功率不变．下列说法正确的是( )A．小车做匀速直线运动B．小车做匀减速直线运动C．小车做先匀速后减速直线运动D．小车做先减速后匀速直线运动解析：选D.匀速运动时，牵引力等于阻力，即F＝f且功率P＝Fv，当功率减半，速度不突变，则牵引力变为F2＜f，小车做减速运动，因为速度减小，功率不变，则牵引力由F2逐渐增大，直到增大到和摩擦力相等，根据牛顿第二定律可知小车的加速度逐渐减小最后为零，小车先做加速度减小的减速运动后做匀速直线运动，故选项D正确．4．(2019·江苏盐城期末)2018年12月，时速350 km的“复兴号”新型动车组首次公开亮相，如图所示. 设动车运行时受到的阻力与速度成正比. 若动车以速度v匀速行驶，发动机的功率为P. 当动车以速度2v匀速行驶，则发动机的功率为( )A．P B．2PC．4P D．8P解析：选 C.由于动车运行时所受的阻力与它的速度成正比，所以动车以速度v水平匀速运行时，受到的阻力的大小为：f＝kv，此时动车受到的阻力的大小和牵引力的大小相等，即：P＝Fv＝fv＝kv2，当动车以速度2v水平匀速运行时，动车受到的阻力的大小为：f′＝2kv＝2f，所以此时的功率的大小为：P′＝f′·2v＝2f·2v＝4P，选项C正确．5．(2019·吉林白山期末)质量为1 kg的物体做匀变速直线运动，其位移随时间变化的规律为x＝2t＋t2(m)．t＝2 s 时，该物体所受合力的功率为( ) A．6 W B．8 WC．10 W D．12 W解析：选D.根据x＝v0t＋12at2＝2t＋t2知质点的加速度a＝2 m/s2，初速度为v0＝2 m/s，根据v＝v0＋at可知t＝2 s时速度为v＝6 m/s，根据牛顿第二定律可知物体所受合力F＝ma＝2 N，t＝2 s时，该物体所受合力的功率为P＝Fv ＝12 W，故选项D正确，A、B、C错误．6．(2019·广东深圳期末)质量为2 000 kg的汽车在水平路面上匀加速启动，阻力恒为1 000 N，t＝20 s时发动机达到额定功率，此后，功率保持不变，其运动的v－t图像如下，下列说法正确的是( )A．在t＝40 s时汽车达到最大速度B．汽车的额定功率为20 000 WC．匀加速阶段，汽车的加速度大小为1 m/s2D．加速过程中，汽车的牵引力一直在增大解析：选B.t＝20 s时发动机达到额定功率，t＝20 s之后，汽车做加速度减小的加速运动，直到达到最大速度，由v－t图像可知，在t＝40 s时汽车尚未达到最大速度，故A错误；匀加速阶段，汽车的加速度a＝ΔvΔt＝10－020m/s2＝0.5 m/s2，根据牛顿第二定律有：F－F f＝ma，汽车的牵引力F＝ma＋F f＝2 000 N，t＝20 s时发动机达到额定功率P＝Fv＝20 000 W，故B正确，C错误；汽车达到额定功率后，牵引力大于阻力，速度还要继续增大，在功率保持不变的情况下，由P＝Fv知，随着速度的增大，牵引力要减小，直到汽车达到最大速度时，牵引力F＝F f＝1 000 N，故D错误．7．(多选)(2019·辽宁葫芦岛期末)机车以恒定加速度启动，在达到额定功率之前的过程中，下列速度－时间、机车功率－时间图像中正确的是( )解析：选AC.机车保持加速度不变启动，则速度为v＝at，在达到额定功率前均做匀加速直线运动，v－t图像为过原点的倾斜直线，故A正确，B错误；机车的功率P＝Fv，匀加速直线运动v＝at，联立有P＝Fat，可知机车的功率随时间均匀增大，故C正确，D错误．8．(2019·湖南娄底高一期末)质量为1.5×103 kg的汽车以某一恒定功率启动后沿平直路面行驶，且行驶过程中受到的阻力恒定，汽车能够达到的最大速度为30 m/s.若汽车的速度大小为10 m/s时的加速度大小为4 m/s2，则该恒定功率为( )A ．90 kWB ．75 kWC ．60 kWD ．4 kW解析：选A.汽车以恒定的功率启动，由牛顿第二定律F －f ＝ma 和功率P m ＝Fv 联立可得P v －f ＝ma ，当速度为10 m/s 时的加速度大小为4 m/s 2，即：P m10－f ＝4m ；而汽车达到最大速度时加速度为零，有：P m 30＝f ；联立两式解得：P m ＝60m ＝60×1.5×103 W ＝90 kW.9．从空中以30 m/s 的初速度平抛一个质量为1 kg 的物体，物体在空中运动4 s 落地，不计空气阻力．求4 s 内重力的平均功率和落地时重力的瞬时功率(g 取10 m/s 2)．解析：设物体刚抛出时距地面的高度为h ，则有h ＝12gt 2① 4 s 内重力的平均功率P ＝W t ＝mgh t② ①②两式联立得P ＝12mg 2t ＝200 W 物体在4 s 末落地时竖直方向的瞬时速度v y ＝gt ＝40 m/s则4 s 末重力的瞬时功率P ＝mgv y ＝400 W.答案：200 W 400 WB 组素养提升练10．(多选)(2019·河南平顶山期末)如图甲所示，物体受到水平推力F 的作用在粗糙水平面上做直线运动．监测到推力F 、物体速度v 随时间t 变化的规律如图乙、丙所示．取g ＝10 m/s 2，则( )A ．第1 s 内推力做功为1 JB ．第2 s 内摩擦力做的功为W ＝2.0 JC．第1.5 s时推力F的功率为3 WD．第2 s内推力F做功的平均功率P＝3 W解析：选CD.由v－t图可知第1 s内物体速度为零没有运动，所以推力做的功为零，A错误；由v－t图和F－t图可知第3 s内物体匀速则f＝F＝2 N，第2 s内位移为1 m，由W f＝－fL＝－2×1 J＝－2.0 J，则B错误；1.5 s时的瞬时速度为1 m/s，推力为3 N，则由P＝Fv＝3×1 W＝3 W，C正确；第2 s内的推力为3 N，第2 s内物体做匀加速直线运动平均速度为1 m/s，由P＝Fv＝3×1 W＝3 W，D正确．11．(多选)一辆汽车在水平路面上由静止启动，在前5 s内做匀加速直线运动，5 s末达到额定功率，之后保持额定功率运动，其v－t图像如图所示．已知汽车的质量为m＝2×103kg，汽车受到阻力为车重的0.1，g取10 m/s2，则( )A．汽车在前5 s内的牵引力为3×103 NB．汽车在前5 s内的牵引力为6×103 NC．汽车的额定功率为60 kWD．汽车的最大速度为60 m/s解析：选BC.汽车受到的阻力为f＝0.1×2×103×10 N＝2×103 N，前5 s 内，由图知a＝2 m/s2，由牛顿第二定律可知F－f＝ma，求得汽车的牵引力为F ＝f＋ma＝6×103 N，故选项B正确，A错误；t＝5 s末功率达到额定功率，汽车的额定功率为P＝Fv＝6×104W＝60 kW，故选项C正确；当牵引力等于阻力时，汽车达最大速度，则最大速度v max＝Pf＝30 m/s，故选项D错误．12．(2019·长春外国语学校期末)一辆重5 t的汽车，发动机的额定功率为80 kW.汽车从静止开始以加速度a＝1 m/s2做匀加速直线运动，车受的阻力为车重的0.06.(g取10 m/s2)求：(1)汽车做匀加速直线运动的最长时间；(2)汽车开始运动后第5 s末的瞬时功率；(3)汽车的最大速度．解析：(1)匀加速过程，由牛顿第二定律得：F－f＝ma匀加速的最大速度：v＝PF＝80×1038 000m/s＝10 m/s匀加速运动的时间：t＝va＝101s＝10 s.(2)5 s末汽车的速度：v′＝at′＝1×5 m/s＝5 m/s汽车的瞬时功率：P′＝Fv′＝8 000×5 W＝4×104 W＝40 kW.(3)汽车匀速运动时速度最大，由平衡条件可知，速度最大时汽车的牵引力：F″＝f＝0.06mg＝3 000 N由P＝Fv可知，汽车的最大速度：v＝PF″＝80×1033 000m/s≈26.67 m/s.答案：(1)10 s (2)40 kW (3)26.67 m/s。

第2章光现象课后达标检测

2.1达标检测：1、能自行发光的物体叫做光源，下列物体属于光源的是（）A 、太阳B 、地球C 、月亮D 、房屋2、夏日炎炎，人们总喜欢躲在大树的阴影下乘凉，树阴的形成是由于（）A 、光的直线传播B 、光的漫反射C 、平面镜成像D 、光的折射3、下列现象中属于光的直线传播的是（）A.盛了水的碗，看上去好像变浅了B.人在河边看见“白云”在水中飘动C.“海市蜃楼”奇观D.太阳光穿过茂密的树叶，在地面上留下光斑4、一个人沿马路行走时，经过一盏路灯，人的影子长短会发生变化，其变化情况应该为＿＿＿＿＿＿。

5、右图的手影表演的光学原理是（）A. 光的反射B.光的折射C.平面镜成像D.光在同一物质中沿直线传播5、如图1所示的四种现象中，由光的直线传播形成的是A ．水中塔B ．水面“折”枝C ．镜中花D ．手影6、下列描述的四种光现象中，属于光的直线传播的是A ．小孔成像B ．插入水中的筷子好象弯折了C ．放大镜看报纸D ．水中倒影7.下列哪一种现象不是光的直线传播形成的A.影子B.公路上的海市蜃楼C.小孔成像D.日食2.2达标检测：1、光的放射定律为：在反射定律中，、和都在同一平面内；反射光线、入射光线分居两侧；反射角入射角。

即三线同面，两线分居，两角相等。

2、如图的四种情景，属于光的反射现象的是图2-2-13、如图2-2-1所示，早晨的太阳光与水平方向成30°角射到一水平放置的平面镜上，经镜面反射后，反射角为，随着时间的推移，从早晨到中午，反射角将 (增大／不变／减小)。

第5题图 A ．树荫下形成圆形光斑B ．斑马倒影C ．水面“折”枝4、目前光污染越来越严重，其中自亮污染是最酱遍的一类光污染。

建筑物的玻璃幕墙、釉面砖墙、磨光大理石等都能造成白色污染，形成白色污染的主要原因是（）A.光的反射B.光的折射C.光的色散D.光沿直线传播5、（社会热点题）第十一届全运会短道速滑比赛和花样滑冰比赛于2009年4月3日～5日及4月9日～12日分别在山东省青岛市国信体育馆举行。

2 第一节第2课时课后达标检测

（2）基态原子的价层电子排布式为________。
解析：原子的原子序数为7，基态氮原子的价层电子排布式是。
（3）原子序数为____，其核外层的电子排布式为____________。
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解析：位于元素周期表第四周期第族，原子序数为34，其核外电子排布式为，核外层的电子排布式为。
A. B. C. D.
解析：选D。的原子序数为12，的核外电子排布式为，故A正确；的原子序数为35，核外电子排布式为，故B正确；的原子序数为8，的核外电子排布式为，故C正确；的能级处于全充满状态时较稳定，因此核外电子排布式为，故D错误。
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解析：选C。A．由题图可知，轨道上的电子在空间出现的概率分布呈轴对称，故A正确；B．电子云的示意图中的小点表示电子在核外空间出现概率的大小，小点密集的地方表明电子出现的概率大，故B正确；C．电子运动是无规则的，故C错误；轨道形状为哑铃形，故D正确。
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（2）已知基态铬原子的核外电子排布式是 ,并不符合构造原理。人们常常会碰到客观事实与理论不相吻合的问题,当你遇到这样的问题时,你的态度是_________________________________________________________。
（2）某元素的最外层电子排布式是，其元素符号为____。