机电专业翻译 中英文
(完整版)机电专业英语
一．单词翻译(英译汉，汉译英共20分）compound pulley 组合滑轮screw 螺丝worm gear 涡轮clearance fit 间隙配合transition fit 过渡配合interference fit 过盈配合ground teeth 精密齿gear reductions 齿轮减速比aluminum 铝brass 黄铜bronze 青铜cast iron 铸铁carbon 碳钢alloy steel 合金钢hardened steel 硬化钢stainless steel 不锈钢plastic materials 塑料材料gear teeth 齿轮straight-toothed 直齿轮rack and pinion 齿条和齿轮straight bevel gears 直齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gears 弧齿锥齿轮friction 摩擦lubrication 润滑lubricant 润滑剂full fluid film lubrication 全液态薄膜润滑boundary lubrication 边界润滑elastrohydrodynamic lubrication 流体弹性动力润滑proton 质子neutron 中子parallel circuit 并联电路series circuit 串联电路electron 电子inductor 电感capacitor 电容conductor 导体semiconductor 半导体metal-oxide-semiconductor 金属氧化物半导体integrated circuit 集成电路integrated circuit chip 集成电路芯片dopant 掺杂剂mask 掩膜doping 掺杂photoresist 感光胶etch 蚀刻法dielectric 非传导性（电介质）rung 梯级branch 分支instructions 指令power rails 母线quantity 数量parameter 参数ladder diagram 梯形逻辑图ON-delay timer 通电延时定时器OFF-delay timer 断电延时定时器retentive timer 保持定时器proximity timer 接近开关electromechanical control 机电控制mobile robots 可移动机器人manipulator robots 操作机器人self reconfigurable robots 自变形（重装）机器人Analog-to-Digital Converter A/D模数转换器Digital-to-Analog Converter D/A模数转换器ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)专用采集电路Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换Z-transform Z变换valve 阀pump 泵motor 发动机cavitation 气穴hydraulic 液压的equilibrium position 平衡位置vibration(oscillation) 振动transducer 饱和电抗器,传感器，变频器reservoir 油箱pump with electric motor 电力马达泵unloader and safety relief valve 减荷器和安全卸压阀check valve 止回阀accumulator 蓄电池valve manifold 阀箱electronic control card 电子控制插件cylinder 汽缸hydraulic motor 液压发动机return line filter 回油阀derivative 导数displacement 位移velocity 速度acceleration 加速度peak amplitude 振幅峰值digital signal processing 数字信号处理二、汉译英（20分）1.滑轮相比机器的缺点是使用刚性物体来传递力，滑动和伸展拉紧。
机电行业英语
机电行业英语机电行业英语是指与机械和电气相关的行业所使用的英语词汇和表达。
以下是一些常见的机电行业英语词汇和短语：1. Mechanical engineering - 机械工程2. Electrical engineering - 电气工程3. Automation - 自动化4. Control system - 控制系统5. Electric motor - 电动机6. Generator - 发电机7. Transformer - 变压器8. Circuit - 电路9. Voltage - 电压10. Current - 电流11. Resistance - 电阻12. Power supply - 电源13. Fault diagnosis - 故障诊断14. Maintenance - 维护15. Troubleshooting - 故障排除16. Installation - 安装17. Wiring - 线路连接18. Assembly - 组装19. Calibration - 校准20. Safety precautions - 安全注意事项此外，还有许多与具体行业相关的词汇和表达，例如：1. Mechanical design - 机械设计2. Industrial automation - 工业自动化3. Power generation - 发电4. Robotics - 机器人技术5. HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) - 暖通空调在机电行业工作，掌握这些词汇和表达，可以更好地与国际合作伙伴交流并理解技术文档或工程要求。
机电工程专业英语翻译(2)
包含16、17、18、22、23、27单元As the arbiter of quality via the deviation from drawing procedure, quality planning has the database to evaluate performance of the various shop and support functions.作为产品设计与制造偏差的评判者，质量规划部门可以通过数据库对产品的各个加工工序及制造情况进行评估Annealing is a generic term denoting a heat treatment that consists of heating to and holding at a suitable temperature followed by cooling at a suitable rate 退火：热处理的一个通用术语，指的是加热到一定温度并保温，然后以合适的速度冷却Apart from the smoothenss of operation thus obtained, a great improvement is usually found in the surface finish on the work and the tool can make heavier cuts without detriment and will last considerably longer without regrinding除了能使机床运行平稳之外，液压驱动在机床上还有许多其他优越之处。
例如，可以改善工件表面的光洁度；可以在不损坏刀具的前提下增大刀具上的作用载荷；可以进行长时间的切削加工，而无需再次刃磨刀具等A robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulating machine with several reprogrammable axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for used in industrial automation applications机器人是一种自动控制，可编程，多功能的，由几个可重复编程的坐标系来操纵的机器装置，可固定或移动的方式应用于工业自动化中And, whether you know it or not, many papers are rejected by journal editors because of a faulty Discussion, even though the data of the peper might be both valid and interesting.不知你是否知道，尽管许多论文中的数据正确而有根据，且能够引起人们的兴趣，但讨论部分写得不好也会使其遭到期刊编辑的拒绝Because robots can perform certain basic tasks more quickly and accurately than humans, they are being increasingly used in various manufacturing industries.因为机器人可以比人更快更准确地完成某些基本任务，所以广泛地用于制造业By comparing those feedback signals with the values set by the programmer, the close-loop controller can conduct the robot to move to the precise position and assume the desired attitude, and effector can perform with very high accuracy as the close-loop control system can minimize the discrepancy between the controlled object and the predetermined references.通过将反馈信号与程序设定值相对比，闭环控制器能引导机器人向准确的位置运动并实现期望的状态。
机电一体化中英文互译
机电一体化中英文互译机械专业中英文对照英语词汇陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination气体状态方程 equation of state of gas动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheel后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found流体动力学 fluid dynamics流体力学 fluid mechanics加工 machining液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性 stability介质 medium液压驱动泵 fluid clutch液压泵 hydraulic pump阀门 valve失效 invalidation强度 intensity载荷 load应力 stress安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺纹 thread螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧 spring制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead联轴器 coupling链 chain皮带 strap精加工 finish machining粗加工 rough machining变速箱体 gearbox casing腐蚀 rust氧化 oxidation磨损 wear耐用度 durability随机信号 random signal离散信号 discrete signal超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor集成电路 integrate circuit挡板 orifice plate残余应力 residual stress套筒 sleeve扭力 torsion冷加工 cold machining电动机 electromotor汽缸 cylinder过盈配合 interference fit热加工 hotwork摄像头 CCD camera倒角 rounding chamfer优化设计 optimal design工业造型设计 industrial moulding design有限元 finite element滚齿 hobbing插齿 gear shaping伺服电机 actuating motor铣床 milling machine钻床 drill machine镗床 boring machine步进电机 stepper motor丝杠 screw rod导轨 lead rail组件 subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC电火花加工 electric spark machining电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图 phase diagram热处理 heat treatment固态相变 solid state phase changes有色金属 nonferrous metal陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination气体状态方程 equation of state of gas动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy 动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheelAssembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表 notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传 rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车 mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement背锥 back cone ； normal cone背锥角 back angle背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear表面质量系数 superficial mass factor表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer表面粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, CD不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing波发生器 wave generator波数 number of waves补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, PD残余应力 residual stress操纵及控制装置 operation control device槽轮 Geneva wheel槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross槽数 Geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism差速器 differential常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床 lathe承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear 齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio齿条 rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio冲床 punch传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation creation创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位矢量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load刀具 cutter导数 derivative倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat导程 lead导程角 lead angle等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force等效力矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance 动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压力 dynamic reaction动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly V-belt多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm法向力 normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 compound hinge复合式组合 compound combining复合轮系 compound (or combined) gear train复合平带 compound flat belt复合应力 combined stress复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism复杂机构 complex mechanism杆组 Assur group干涉 interference刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design 工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment公法线 common normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link鼓风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器 jointed manipulator惯性力 inertia force惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment 惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator机器人学 robotics 技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio急回运动 quick-return motion棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘爪 pawl极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient加速度 acceleration加速度分析 acceleration analysis加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism 减速比 reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer减摩性 anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线 generating line of involute渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion键 key键槽 keyway交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring角加速度 angular acceleration角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平面 correcting plane接触应力 contact stress接触式密封 contact seal阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构 structure 结构设计 structural design截面 section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静力 static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load静密封 static seal局部自由度 passive degree of freedom矩阵 matrix矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity均衡装置 load balancing mechanism抗压强度 compression strength开口传动 open-belt drive开式链 open kinematic chain开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD空气弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain空转 idle宽度系列 width series框图 block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力 centrifugal force离心应力 centrifugal stress离合器 clutch离心密封 centrifugal seal理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action隶属度 membership力 force力多边形 force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism 力矩 moment力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple连杆 connecting rod, coupler连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve连心线 line of centers链 chain链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel联组 V 带 tight-up V belt联轴器 coupling shaft coupling两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double Haas planer轮坯 blank轮系 gear train螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear 螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts螺纹导程 lead螺纹效率 screw efficiency螺旋传动 power screw螺旋密封 spiral seal螺纹 thread (of a screw)螺旋副 helical pair螺旋机构 screw mechanism螺旋角 helix angle螺旋线 helix ,helical line绿色设计 green design design for environment马耳他机构 Geneva wheel Geneva gear马耳他十字 Maltese cross脉动无级变速 pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力 fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷 fluctuating load铆钉 rivet迷宫密封 labyrinth seal密封 seal密封带 seal belt密封胶 seal gum密封元件 potted component密封装置 sealing arrangement面对面安装 face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计 design for product`s life cycle, DPLC 名义应力、公称应力 nominal stress模块化设计 modular design, MD模块式传动系统 modular system模幅箱 morphology box模糊集 fuzzy set模糊评价 fuzzy evaluation模数 module摩擦 friction摩擦角 friction angle摩擦力 friction force摩擦学设计 tribology design, TD摩擦阻力 frictional resistance摩擦力矩 friction moment摩擦系数 coefficient of friction摩擦圆 friction circle磨损 abrasion wear; scratching末端执行器 end-effector目标函数 objective function耐腐蚀性 corrosion resistance耐磨性 wear resistance挠性机构 mechanism with flexible elements挠性转子 flexible rotor内齿轮 internal gear内齿圈 ring gear内力 internal force内圈 inner ring能量 energy能量指示图 viscosity逆时针 counterclockwise (or anticlockwise)啮出 engaging-out啮合 engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点 contact points啮合角 working pressure angle啮合线 line of action啮合线长度 length of line of action啮入 engaging-in牛头刨床 shaper凝固点 freezing point; solidifying point扭转应力 torsion stress扭矩 moment of torque扭簧 helical torsion spring诺模图 NomogramO 形密封圈密封 O ring seal盘形凸轮 disk cam盘形转子 disk-like rotor抛物线运动 parabolic motion疲劳极限 fatigue limit疲劳强度 fatigue strength偏置式 offset偏 ( 心 ) 距 offset distance偏心率 eccentricity ratio偏心质量 eccentric mass偏距圆 offset circle偏心盘 eccentric偏置滚子从动件 offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件 offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构 offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接 matching评价与决策 evaluation and decision频率 frequency平带 flat belt平带传动 flat belt driving 平底从动件 flat-face follower平底宽度 face width平分线 bisector平均应力 average stress平均中径 mean screw diameter平均速度 average velocity平衡 balance平衡机 balancing machine平衡品质 balancing quality平衡平面 correcting plane平衡质量 balancing mass平衡重 counterweight平衡转速 balancing speed平面副 planar pair, flat pair平面机构 planar mechanism平面运动副 planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构 planar linkage平面凸轮 planar cam平面凸轮机构 planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮 parallel helical gears普通平键 parallel key其他常用机构 other mechanism in common use起动阶段 starting period启动力矩 starting torque气动机构 pneumatic mechanism奇异位置 singular position起始啮合点 initial contact , beginning of contact气体轴承 gas bearing千斤顶 jack嵌入键 sunk key强迫振动 forced vibration切齿深度 depth of cut曲柄 crank曲柄存在条件 Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构 crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构 slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构 crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮 spiral bevel gear曲率 curvature曲率半径 radius of curvature曲面从动件 curved-shoe follower曲线拼接 curve matching曲线运动 curvilinear motion曲轴 crank shaft。
机电术语中英文对照
端面重合度 transverse contact ratio 端面模数 transverse module 端面压力角 transverse pressure angle 锻造 forge 对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress 对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower 对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower 对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower 对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 多列轴承 multi-row bearing 多楔带 poly V-belt 多项式运动规律 polynomial motion 多质量转子 rotor with several masses 惰轮 idle gear 额定寿命 rating life 额定载荷 load rating
d 包角 angle of contact
保持架 cage
e 背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement r 背锥 back cone ； normal cone te 背锥角 back angle
背锥距 back cone distance
is 比例尺 scale
比热容 specific heat capacity 闭式链 closed kinematic chain
d 等效量 equivalent
等效质量 equivalent mass
e 等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia r 等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model te 底座 chassis
机电一体化中英文互译
机械专业中英文对照英语词汇瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion车架automotive chassis悬架suspension转向器redirector变速器speed changer板料冲压sheet metal parts加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock数学模型mathematical model画法几descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity力internal force位移displacement截面section疲劳极限fatigue limit断裂fracture塑性变形plastic distortion脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion垫圈washer垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank摇杆racker凸轮cams共轭曲线conjugate curve成法generation method定义域definitional domain值域range导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral曲率curvature偏微分partial differential毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers攻丝tap二阶行列式second order determinant逆矩阵inverse matrix线性程组linear equations概率probability随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination气体状态程equation of state of gas动能kinetic energy势能potential energy机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy动量momentum桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism机械零件mechanical parts淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheel后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machining center车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping焊weld拉床broaching machine拉broaching装配assembling铸造found流体动力学fluid dynamics流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压hydraulic pressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性stability介质medium液压驱动泵fluid clutch液压泵hydraulic pump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin 滚动轴承rolling bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring制动器arrester brake十字结联轴节crosshead联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation磨损wear耐用度durability随机信号random signal离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor集成电路integrate circuit挡板orifice plate残余应力residual stress套筒sleeve扭力torsion冷加工cold machining电动机electromotor汽缸cylinder过盈配合interference fit热加工hotwork摄像头CCD camera倒角rounding chamfer优化设计optimal design工业造型设计industrial moulding design有限元finite element滚齿hobbing插齿gear shaping伺服电机actuating motor铣床milling machine钻床drill machine镗床boring machine步进电机stepper motor丝杠screw rod导轨lead rail组件subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器Programmable Logic Controller PLC电火花加工electric spark machining电火花线切割加工electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图phase diagram热处理heat treatment固态相变solid state phase changes有色金属nonferrous metal瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion车架automotive chassis悬架suspension转向器redirector变速器speed changer板料冲压sheet metal parts加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock数学模型mathematical model画法几descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity力internal force位移displacement截面section疲劳极限fatigue limit断裂fracture塑性变形plastic distortion脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion垫圈washer垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank摇杆racker凸轮cams共轭曲线conjugate curve成法generation method定义域definitional domain值域range导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral曲率curvature偏微分partial differential毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers攻丝tap二阶行列式second order determinant逆矩阵inverse matrix线性程组linear equations概率probability随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination气体状态程equation of state of gas动能kinetic energy势能potential energy机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量momentum桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism机械零件mechanical parts淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheelAssembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench板簧flat leaf spring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back-to-back arrangement背锥back cone ；normal cone背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism臂部arm变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed变速speed change变速齿轮change gear change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面质量系数superficial mass factor表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer表面粗糙度surface roughness并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes 齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number齿数比gear ratio齿条rack齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio冲床punch传动比transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置gearing; transmission gear传动系统driven system传动角transmission angle传动轴transmission shaft串联式组合combination in series串联式组合机构series combined mechanism串级调速cascade speed control创新innovation creation创新设计creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷normal load唇形橡胶密封lip rubber seal磁流体轴承magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮driven pulley从动件driven link, follower从动件平底宽度width of flat-face从动件停歇follower dwell从动件运动规律follower motion从动轮driven gear粗线bold line粗牙螺纹coarse thread大齿轮gear wheel打包机packer打滑slipping带传动belt driving带轮belt pulley带式制动器band brake单列轴承single row bearing单向推力轴承single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节single universal joint单位矢量unit vector当量齿轮equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷equivalent load刀具cutter导数derivative倒角chamfer导热性conduction of heat导程lead导程角lead angle等加等减速运动规律parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮constant-breadth cam等效构件equivalent link等效力equivalent force等效力矩equivalent moment of force等效量equivalent等效质量equivalent mass等效转动惯量equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型dynamically equivalent model底座chassis低副lower pair点划线chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀pitting垫圈gasket垫片密封gasket seal碟形弹簧belleville spring顶隙bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学dynamics动密封kinematical seal动能dynamic energy动力粘度dynamic viscosity动力润滑dynamic lubrication动平衡dynamic balance动平衡机dynamic balancing machine 动态特性dynamic characteristics动态分析设计dynamic analysis design动压力dynamic reaction动载荷dynamic load端面transverse plane端面参数transverse parameters端面齿距transverse circular pitch端面齿廓transverse tooth profile端面重合度transverse contact ratio端面模数transverse module端面压力角transverse pressure angle锻造forge对称循环应力symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 多列轴承multi-row bearing多楔带poly V-belt多项式运动规律polynomial motion多质量转子rotor with several masses惰轮idle gear额定寿命rating life额定载荷load ratingII 级杆组dyad发生线generating line发生面generating plane法面normal plane法面参数normal parameters法面齿距normal circular pitch法面模数normal module法面压力角normal pressure angle法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆straight sided normal worm法向力normal force反馈式组合feedback combining反向运动学inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法kinematic inversion反正切Arctan成法generating cutting仿形法form cutting案设计、概念设计concept design, CD防振装置shockproof device飞轮flywheel飞轮矩moment of flywheel非标准齿轮nonstandard gear非接触式密封non-contact seal非期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮non-circular gear粉末合金powder metallurgy分度线reference line; standard pitch line分度圆reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at reference cylinder分母denominator分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法analytical method封闭差动轮系planetary differential复合铰链compound hinge复合式组合compound combining复合轮系compound (or combined) gear train复合平带compound flat belt复合应力combined stress复式螺旋机构Compound screw mechanism复杂机构complex mechanism杆组Assur group干涉interference刚度系数stiffness coefficient刚轮rigid circular spline钢丝软轴wire soft shaft刚体导引机构body guidance mechanism刚性冲击rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子rigid rotor刚性轴承rigid bearing刚性联轴器rigid coupling高度系列height series高速带high speed belt高副higher pair格拉晓夫定理Grashoff`s law根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter高度系列height series功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design工作循环图working cycle diagram 工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance工作阻力矩effective resistance moment公法线common normal line公共约束general constraint公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyses design共轭齿廓conjugate profiles共轭凸轮conjugate cam构件link鼓风机blower固定构件fixed link; frame固体润滑剂solid lubricant关节型操作器jointed manipulator惯性力inertia force惯性力矩moment of inertia ,shaking moment 惯性力平衡balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩resultant moment of inertia惯性主失resultant vector of inertia冠轮crown gear广义机构generation mechanism广义坐标generalized coordinate轨迹生成path generation轨迹发生器path generator滚刀hob滚道raceway滚动体rolling element滚动轴承rolling bearing滚动轴承代号rolling bearing identification code 滚针needle roller滚针轴承needle roller bearing滚子roller滚子轴承roller bearing滚子半径radius of roller滚子从动件roller follower滚子链roller chain滚子链联轴器double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器roller clutch过度切割undercutting函数发生器function generator函数生成function generation含油轴承oil bearing耗油量oil consumption耗油量系数oil consumption factor赫兹公式H. Hertz equation合成弯矩resultant bending moment合力resultant force合力矩resultant moment of force黑箱black box横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮interchangeable gears花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动轴承sliding bearing滑动率sliding ratio滑块slider环面蜗杆toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧annular spring缓冲装置shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁grey cast iron回程return回转体平衡balance of rotors混合轮系compound gear train积分integrate机电一体化系统设计mechanical-electrical integration system design 机构mechanism机构分析analysis of mechanism机构平衡balance of mechanism机构学mechanism机构运动设计kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构组成constitution of mechanism机架frame, fixed link机架变换kinematic inversion机器machine机器人robot机器人操作器manipulator机器人学robotics技术过程technique process技术经济评价technical and economic evaluation 技术系统technique system机械machinery机械创新设计mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计dynamic design of machinery机械动力学dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计modern machine design机械系统mechanical system机械利益mechanical advantage机械平衡balance of machinery机械手manipulator机械设计machine design; mechanical design机械特性mechanical behavior机械调速mechanical speed governors机械效率mechanical efficiency机械原理theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数coefficient of speed fluctuation机械无级变速mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case-based design,CBD基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone急回机构quick-return mechanism急回特性quick-return characteristics急回系数advance-to return-time ratio急回运动quick-return motion棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism棘爪pawl极限位置extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS 计算力矩factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩calculated bending moment加权系数weighting efficient加速度acceleration加速度分析acceleration analysis加速度曲线acceleration diagram尖点pointing; cusp尖底从动件knife-edge follower间隙backlash间歇运动机构intermittent motion mechanism 减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer减摩性anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面involute helicoid渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile渐开线齿轮involute gear渐开线发生线generating line of involute渐开线程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm渐开线压力角pressure angle of involute渐开线花键involute spline简谐运动simple harmonic motion键key键槽keyway交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears胶合scoring角加速度angular acceleration角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽hinge校正平面correcting plane接触应力contact stress接触式密封contact seal阶梯轴multi-diameter shaft结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point 节距circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design紧边tight-side紧固件fastener径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承radial contact bearing径向平面radial plane径向游隙radial internal clearance径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load factor径向间隙clearance静力static force静平衡static balance静载荷static load静密封static seal局部自由度passive degree of freedom矩阵matrix矩形螺纹square threaded form锯齿形螺纹buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数absolute dimensional factor绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity均衡装置load balancing mechanism抗压强度compression strength开口传动open-belt drive开式链open kinematic chain开链机构open chain mechanism可靠度degree of reliability可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design, RD空气弹簧air spring空间机构spatial mechanism空间连杆机构spatial linkage空间凸轮机构spatial cam空间运动副spatial kinematic pair空间运动链spatial kinematic chain空转idle宽度系列width series框图block diagram雷诺程Reynolds‘s equation离心力centrifugal force离心应力centrifugal stress离合器clutch离心密封centrifugal seal理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action隶属度membership力force力多边形force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism 力矩moment力平衡equilibrium力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple连杆connecting rod, coupler连杆机构linkage连杆曲线coupler-curve连心线line of centers链chain链传动装置chain gearing链轮sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel联组V 带tight-up V belt联轴器coupling shaft coupling两维凸轮two-dimensional cam临界转速critical speed六杆机构six-bar linkage龙门刨床double Haas planer轮坯blank轮系gear train螺杆screw螺距thread pitch螺母screw nut螺旋锥齿轮helical bevel gear螺钉screws螺栓bolts螺纹导程lead 螺纹效率screw efficiency螺旋传动power screw螺旋密封spiral seal螺纹thread (of a screw)螺旋副helical pair螺旋机构screw mechanism螺旋角helix angle螺旋线helix ,helical line绿色设计green design design for environment马耳他机构Geneva wheel Geneva gear马耳他十字Maltese cross脉动无级变速pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷fluctuating load铆钉rivet迷宫密封labyrinth seal密封seal密封带seal belt密封胶seal gum密封元件potted component密封装置sealing arrangement面对面安装face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命期设计design for product`s life cycle, DPLC 名义应力、公称应力nominal stress模块化设计modular design, MD模块式传动系统modular system模幅箱morphology box模糊集fuzzy set模糊评价fuzzy evaluation模数module摩擦friction摩擦角friction angle摩擦力friction force摩擦学设计tribology design, TD摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦力矩friction moment摩擦系数coefficient of friction摩擦圆friction circle磨损abrasion wear; scratching末端执行器end-effector目标函数objective function耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance耐磨性wear resistance挠性机构mechanism with flexible elements挠性转子flexible rotor齿轮internal gear齿圈ring gear力internal force圈inner ring能量energy能量指示图viscosity逆时针counterclockwise (or anticlockwise)啮出engaging-out啮合engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点contact points啮合角working pressure angle啮合线line of action啮合线长度length of line of action啮入engaging-in牛头刨床shaper凝固点freezing point; solidifying point扭转应力torsion stress扭矩moment of torque扭簧helical torsion spring诺模图NomogramO 形密封圈密封O ring seal盘形凸轮disk cam盘形转子disk-like rotor抛物线运动parabolic motion疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength偏置式offset偏( 心) 距offset distance偏心率eccentricity ratio偏心质量eccentric mass偏距圆offset circle偏心盘eccentric偏置滚子从动件offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接matching评价与决策evaluation and decision频率frequency平带flat belt平带传动flat belt driving平底从动件flat-face follower平底宽度face width平分线bisector 平均应力average stress平均中径mean screw diameter平均速度average velocity平衡balance平衡机balancing machine平衡品质balancing quality平衡平面correcting plane平衡质量balancing mass平衡重counterweight平衡转速balancing speed平面副planar pair, flat pair平面机构planar mechanism平面运动副planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构planar linkage平面凸轮planar cam平面凸轮机构planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮parallel helical gears普通平键parallel key其他常用机构other mechanism in common use起动阶段starting period启动力矩starting torque气动机构pneumatic mechanism奇异位置singular position起始啮合点initial contact , beginning of contact气体轴承gas bearing千斤顶jack嵌入键sunk key强迫振动forced vibration切齿深度depth of cut曲柄crank曲柄存在条件Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear曲率curvature曲率半径radius of curvature曲面从动件curved-shoe follower曲线拼接curve matching曲线运动curvilinear motion曲轴crank shaft驱动力driving force驱动力矩driving moment (torque)全齿高whole depth。
机电专业外语 汉译英短语 (7、8章)
1、机电一体化技术是一门关于机械学、电子学和信息技术的跨学科技术。
Mechatronics is the interdisciplinary of mechanics,electronics and information technology.2、机器人是机电一体化技术发展的产物，它涉及机械学、电子学、智能控制技术等。
Robot is the evolutional outcome of mechatronics,which includes mechanics,electronics and intelligent control technology,etc3、机电一体化技术广泛英语于汽车工业、机械工业及国防工业。
Mechtronics has been applying widely to auto industry, mechanical industry and nationa defense industry.4、今天，机电一体化技术已成为研制机器人的关键技术Today, mechatronics has become the key technology of developing robots.5、一般来说，自从20世纪80年代计算机技术和信息技术就已经发展的很快。
In general, computer technology and information technology have rapidly developed ever since the 1980s.6、借助自动调节系统，这个生产线生产的产品质量已经越来越高，生产成本越来越低。
By virtue of the automatic self—regulating system, the quality of products made by this mass—produced line has become higher and higher, and lower and lower in the productive cost。
机电专业词汇汇总（中英文对照）
机电专业词汇汇总（中英文对照）NO reflective pond倒影池释义或图片1chiller systemefficiency冷却系统功率2expansion tank膨胀水箱膨胀水箱是暖通空调系统中的重要部件，它的作用是收容和补偿系统中水的胀缩量，亦用作系统供水。
一般都将膨胀水箱设在系统的最高点，通常都接在循环水泵（中央空调冷冻水循环水泵）吸水口附近的回水干管上。
3interface terminalblock（ITB）终端接口功能块4spring isolator弹簧分离器5building managementsystem (BMS)建筑管理系统6condenser system冷凝系统7flow meter流量表8pressure gauges压力计9themometer温度计10inertia block水泵惰性块11air handling unit AHU空气处理装置12variable speed drive变速传动装置13variable air volume terminal unit 变风量末端装置14damper blade调节门叶片15cross flow sensor水流传感器16thermostat恒温器17terminal strip端子板18actuator调速控制器19balancing valves平衡阀机电20main switchboard总开关主配电板21capacitor bank电容器组22trunking线槽23fresh air system新风系统24square diffuser方形散流器25return air grille回风百叶26radiator散热器27fan coil unit FCU风机盘管28decibel ['des?bel] adjusted DBA 调整分贝29FIRE DAMPER防火挡板30liquid crystal display LCD 液晶显示屏31light emitting diode LED 发光二极管32remote login远程登录33data communication channel 数据通信信道34water submeter分水表35kilowatt-hour千瓦小时36console [k?n's??l]控制台37uninterrupted power supply 不间断电源38vacuum reducer valveVRV多联机39air GRILL气窗隔栅40aircooled split airconditionning分体式空调41high voltage HT高压电42meter panel仪表板43remote switchingfacilities远程开关设施44switchroom配电室45distribution board配电板46day tank日常供应罐47tap off box分线盒48contactor开关电流接触器49prepaid meter预付费电表50knock out box暗盒51ceiling rose天花板灯线盒52copper tape铜箔胶带53bimetallic双金属54cable tray电缆线架55junction box接线盒56intermediatedistribution frame中间配线架57Background music systemBGM背景音乐系统58public address PA公共广播59amplifier扩音器60FCC room fire controlcomputer防火控制计算机室61equipment rack设备机架62PC63VCR VEDIO CASSETTERECORDER录像机64tour guard system电子巡查系统电子巡更是一种通过RFID或者TM 卡等移动识别技术，将巡更巡检工作中的信息自动准确记录下来的管理系统65aircraft warning light防控警戒灯66paging consoles语音广播控制台67overriding relays过载继电器68IP rating ingressprotection防护等级69automatic sprinkler自动喷淋70jockey pump管道补压泵71breeching烟道72flow switch流量开关73lift homing电梯复位器74BMU buildingmaintenance unit建筑维护设备75condensate discharge冷凝水排放76transducer传感器77gondola擦窗机78timing circuit计时电路79electromegnetic lockset电磁锁80interface cable接口电缆接头电缆81makeup water补充水82sensing cable传感电缆83check valve止回阀84deluge foam watersystem雨淋喷水-泡沫连用灭火系统85clean agent system洁净灭火系统86return pipe回水管87rodding eye通管孔88wall cleanout墙面清洗口89rainwater shoe雨水落水口90grease interceptor集油器91hose bib软管龙头92water hammer arrestor水锤避雷器93angel valve角阀94asian water closet蹲便95european water closet坐便96HWCP hot watercirculation pump热水循环泵97thermostatic mixingvalves恒温调节阀98hydronic piping循环加热管道99strainer过滤器100VAV variable air volumedevice变风量空调设备101air register调风器102fresh air intakelouvers进气百叶103fuse熔断器104MSB main switch board主配电板105signal relay信号继电器106portable vacuum checker便携式电子管检验仪107vt voltage transformer变压器108ct current transformer变流器109ac alternating current交流电110dc direct current直流电111SF6 gas leak detector(sulfur hexafluoride)六氟化硫气体检漏器112transducer传感器113alternator交流发电机114vibration mounting振动支座115exhaust piping排水管道116cast resin powertransformer树脂浇注变压器117oil immersed powertransformer油浸式变压器118discharger silencer放电器消音器119termination kit连接器120earthing braids接地线121cable gland电缆密封套122cable clamp电缆夹123earth leakage relay接地漏电继电器124power factor correctioncapacitor功率因素矫正容电器125reactor电抗器126miniature circuitbreaker小型断路器127IDMTL inverse definiteminum time lag反时限最小延时保护128 O/C over current过流129E/F earth fault接地故障130DTL definite time lag延时保护器131output pulse输出脉冲132ammeter安倍计133selector switch选择开关134voltmeter电压计135 zero-sequence current零序电流在三相三线电路中，三相电流的相量和等于零，即Ia+Ib+Ic=0。
机电工程专业英语翻译
Lesson 1Machinery design may be simple or enormously complex, easy or difficult, mathematical ornonmathematical, it may involve a trivial problem or one of great importance.机械设计可能简单，可能复杂；可能容易，可能困难；可能要求精确，也可能不精确；有时要解决的可能是一些很平常琐碎的问题，也可能是非常重大的问题。
In the modern industrialized world, the wealth and living standards of a nation are closely linked with their capabilities to design and manufacture engineering products. It can be claimed that the advancement of machinery design and manufacturing can remarkably promote the overall level of a country’s industrialization.在现代的工业化社会，一个国家的财富和生活水平与他们设计和制造工程产品的能力紧密相关，可以说机械设计和制造业的进步能显著地促进一个国家工业化整体水平的提高。
Definition of problem is necessary to fully define and understand the problem, after which itis possible to restate the goal in a more reasonable and realistic way than the original problemstatement.定义问题对全面认识、理解问题非常必要，之后可以更加合理可行的方式来重新阐述。
机电工程专业英语
machinery n. [总称] 机器，机械trivial adj. 琐细的，平常的，微不足道的mechanism n.机构chain n.链(条)，镣铐，一连串，一系列turbine blade n.涡轮机叶片crankshaft n. 曲轴propeller n. 推进者, 推进物, 尤指轮船、飞机上的螺旋推进器discard v. 丢弃, 抛弃recognition n.识别trigger v. 引发, 引起, 触发vague adj. 含糊的, 不清楚的synthesis n. 综合ideation n 构思能力，思维能力，构思过程aggregate adj.合计的, 集合的prototype n.样机，原型erroneous adj.错误的, 不正确的iteration n.反复competent adj. 有能力的, 胜任的versatile adj.通用的, 万能的, 多才多艺的mechanism n. 机构motion pairs 运动副disposition n. 配置；排列machine frame 机座，机架coordinate n. 坐标motivity member 原动件parameter n. 参变量driven member从动件free degree 自由度categorize v.分类category n. 种类，逻辑范畴planar adj.平面的，平坦的spherical adj.球的，球形的spatial adj.空间的loci n. [locus的复数形式点的轨迹Gear n. 齿轮projection n. 凸出cycloidal adi. 摆线的cycloidal profile 摆线轮廓involute adi. 渐开线的involute profile 渐开线轮廓conjugate adi. 共轭的pinion n. 小齿轮dimension n. 量纲mate v. 啮合engagement n. 啮合tangency n. 接触pitch n. 齿节intersect v . 相交，交叉disposition n. 排列，配置helical gear 螺旋齿轮spur gear 正齿轮，直齿轮worm n. 蜗轮，蜗杆bevel gear 伞形齿轮，锥齿轮hourglass n 沙漏V-belt V型带splice n. 连接pulley n. (皮带)轮groove n. 沟，槽tractive adi. 牵引的clearance n. 间隙chain drive 链传动prototype n. 模型，原型机saw n. 锯escalator n. 自动扶梯roller chain 套筒滚子链条，滚子链bead chain 滚珠链条bushing n. 套筒sprocket n. 链轮strand n. 排，列venetian blind 威尼斯百叶窗，软百叶窗device [di5vais] n. 器件；设备；装置fastener n.紧固件，紧固零件classification n.分类，类别removable adi.可移动的，可拆的semipermanent adj. 半永久性的cotter pin n.开口销，开尾销disassemble v拆开，分散rivet n.铆钉；v. 铆；铆接weld v. 焊接，熔接nuisance n. 障碍，损害rattle v.& n发出喀啦声，硬物质的撞击声nut n 螺帽bolt n. 螺钉，螺栓v. 用螺栓连接screw n. 螺钉，螺旋丝杆lock washer n.锁紧垫圈，止动垫圈，防松垫圈resilience n.弹力，弹性aluminum n. 铝(金属元素符号)shaft n. 轴bearing n.轴承，支承gear n. 齿轮cam n.凸轮，靠模clutch v.& n. 抓住，离合器cold-roll v.& n冷轧，冷轧机forge v.& n 锻造，打制flexible adj. 柔软的，适用性强friction n.摩擦brake v. 破坏，折断，损坏wear v.& n磨损，耗损arrangement n.布置，排列contaminant n.杂质，污染物质sealing arrangement n.密封装置hostility n. 敌意，恶劣appreciation n. 评价，欣赏interference n. 干涉，过盈fretting n.微振磨损corrosion n. 腐蚀abut v.邻接，倚靠stress concentration 应力集中shoulder n. 轴肩chamfer v.& n.倒角，倒圆，开槽journal bearing n.滑动轴承cylinderical adj. 圆筒状的，柱状的lubricant n. 润滑剂，润滑材料compatible adj.相适用，和谐的，一致的graphics n.制图，图学drafting n. 草图，制图drawing n. 绘图，制图，图样projection n. 投影dimension n. 尺寸；v. 给……标注尺寸spatial analysis 空间分析spatial visualization 空间想象horizontal projection 水平投影frontal projection 正投影profile projection 侧投影quadrant n. 象限center-lines of symmetry 对称中心线composite object 组合体detail drawing 零件图assembly drawing 装配图phantom line 假想线evolve v. (使)发展，(使)进展，(使)进化conceptualization n.化为概念，概念化documentation n. 文件inconsistency n. 不兼容性NC. Numerical Control数字控制CNC. Computer Numerical Control 计算机数字控制interactive adj. 交互式的wire-frame models 线框模型surface models 表面模型solid models 实体模型stress-strain 应力-应变fabricate v. 构成，伪造，虚构incorporate adj. 合并的，一体化的tolerance n.公差v.给机器部件等规定公差nominal adj.公称的，标称的，额定的intrinsic adj.固有的，内在的，本质的normal distribution 正态分布weld bead 焊缝fillet n. 圆角，倒角spigot n.插销，塞子，阀门interference fit 干涉配合，过盈配合broach n. 拉刀；v.拉削gauge n. (电线等的)直径；(金属板的)厚度；量具deviation n.偏差，偏移numerical control 数字控制instruction n. 指令binary adj. 二进制lathe n. 车床mill v. 铣drill v. 钻bore 、v. 镗grind v. 磨turret n. 转盘punch n. 冲床flame n. (电)火化wire-cutting 线切割pipe bender 弯管机spindle n. 主轴contour n. 轮廓workpiece n. 工件countersink n. 钻(沉头)孔counterbore n. 镗(沉头)孔ream n. 铰孔tapping n. 攻丝spotwelding 点焊synchronization n. 同步interpolation n. 插补parabolic adj. 抛物线的compensation n. 补偿pertain v. 合适coolant n. 冷却液clamping n. 夹紧miniaturization n. 小型化dedicated adj. 专用的forge v. 锻造eutectoid adj. 共析的austenite n. 奥氏体pearlite n. 珠光体martensitic adj. 马氏体的stress relieving 消除应力，低温退火tempering n. 回火normalizing n.常化，正火ferrous alloy 铁合金transformation n.变换，转换，相变still adj. 不动的，静止的full annealing 完全退火notably adv.显著地，特别是austenitize v. 奥氏体化，使成奥氏体denote v. 指示，表示，概述machinability n.切削加工性，机械加工性能facilitation n. 便于in-process adj. (加工、处理)过程中的qualification n.资格，条件，限制，限定quenching n. 淬火brine n. 盐水caustic adj.腐蚀性的，碱性的aqueous adj. 水的，水成的warp n.翘曲，变形glossary n.词汇表，术语汇编quench-hardened adj.淬火硬化的process annealing 工序间退火，中间退火fog quenching 喷雾淬火hot quenching 高温淬火，热淬火hydraulic system 液压系统displacement n. 位移，转移，置换layer n. 层，层次tangential adj. 切线的，切向的Newtonian adj.牛顿的，牛顿学说的nonlinear adj.非线性的，非直线的rotational adj.旋转的，转动的，循环的compressible adj.可压缩的，可压榨的Pascal’s law n.帕斯卡定律intake n. 入口，进口，进入量tank n.油箱，水箱，池塘reservoir n. 蓄水池，水箱，蓄能器atmospheric adj. 大气的，空气的discharge n.卸货，出料，流出vi.卸下放出pressurize v.增压，给……加压prehistoric adj. 史前的，很久以前的harness v.利用(风等)作动力，治理，控制watermill n. 水车，水磨mosaic n. 镶嵌细工，马赛克domestication n. 家养，驯养preference n. 优先选择compact adj. 紧凑的，紧密的简洁的diagrammatic adj. 图表的，概略的intersect v . 交叉disposition n. 排列，配置helical gear 螺旋齿轮spur gear 正齿轮worm n. 蜗轮，蜗杆bevel gear 伞形齿轮hourglass n 沙漏V-belt V型带splice n. 连接pulley n. (皮带)轮groove n. 沟，槽tractive adi.牵引的，曳引的oil pressure pump 油泵hydraulic motor 液压电机hydraulic cylinder 油缸kinetic energy 动能hydrostatic driver 静压传动variable-delivery pump 变量泵by no means 决不……self-contained adj.独立的，配套的，整体的stimulate v. 促进，激励hydraulics n. 水力学，液压系统resilience n. 跳回，恢复力，回弹virtue n. 优点，效力，功能detriment n. 损害，不利regrind v. 重磨stimulate v. 促进，激励hydraulics n. 水力学，液压系统resilience n. 跳回，恢复力，回弹virtue n 优点，效力，功能detriment n. 损害，不利regrind v重磨mechatronics 机电一体化synergetic adj.协同的，合作的fusion n. 融合Notion n. 概念，想法Interdisciplinary adj. 学科间的paradigm n范例benchmark n. 基准，标准evolutionary adj. 发展的，演化的DSP (Digital Signal Processing) 数字信号处理IC (ntegrated Circuit) 集成电路Consensus n. 一致augment v. 增加，扩大unify v成为一体，统一cornerstone n. 基石，基础reprogrammable adj. 可重复编程的，可改编的manipulate v.操作, 使用(机器等)操纵accommodate v.供应, 供给, 使适应, 调节, 容纳Monotonous adj. 单调的, 无变化的end effector n终端操作机构Elbow n. 肘wrist n. 手腕, 腕关节stretch out v.伸出，伸手, 开始大踏步走Cartesian adj.笛卡儿的cylindrical adj.圆柱的，圆筒形的，柱面的spherical adj.球状的，天体的，圆的articulated adj. 铰接的，有关节的gripper n.抓持器, 夹持器，手爪actuation n.活动，激励，动作envelope n. 封袋，[数]包迹，包络线variant n. 变量custom-made adj.定做的, 订制的payload n.有效载荷pneumatic adj.装满空气的, 气动的, 风力的discrepancy n.相差, 差异, 矛盾designate v指明, 指出, 任命, 指派servocontrol n.伺服控制, 随动控制tactile adj.触觉的, 有触觉的opportunity n.机会Delegation n.代表团spectacular adj. 壮观的negotiation n.谈判booth n. 层位，摊位catalogue n.产品样本，目录moderate adj.适中的steamer n.船contract n. 合同transit n.& v.运输cooperation n. 合作，协作manufacturing technology 制造技术opening ceremony 开幕式participate in 参加exhibition hall 展馆，展厅homemade machine tool 国产机床simultaneous five-axis CNC machine 五轴联动数控机床boring-milling machine 镗铣床unit price 单价direct steamer 直达航运Lagos n.拉各斯，尼日利亚首都direct steamer 直达航运。
机电专业英语翻译
机电专业英语翻译（1）1、These strips connect the holes on the top of the board. This makes it easy to connect components together to build circuits. To use the breadboard, the legs of components are placed in the holes. The holes are made so that they will hold the component in place. Each hole is connected to one of the metal strips running underneath the hole.这些金属条连接电路试验板表面的孔。
这就很容易把电路中各部件连接起来。
元件的引脚插入电路试验板的孔中。
而这些孔是用于固定元件的。
每个孔都是与电路试验板背面的金属条相连的。
2、In the 1870's Thomas Alva Edison created die electric-light bulb, from which later (Later 后来) the electron tube was developed. Such tubes are often called "vacuum tubes", since the air is removed from them so that there is a vacuum inside them.自从十九世纪七十年代托·阿·爱迪生发明了电灯泡之后，电子管便得到了发展。
这种电子管通常叫做“真空管”，因为空气已从中抽出，所以里面是真空的。
3、Transistors are made of small slices (slice薄片) of germanium crystals. Germanium is an element, just as (Just as 正象) copper and oxygen and hydrogen are elements. It is crystalline in form. The slice of germanium crystal used in a typical transistor may be less than 1/8 inch square and less than 1/32 inch thick. Look at a ruler to see how small this is.晶体管是由小片锗晶体制成。
机电一体化专业外文翻译--电力系统
外文原文：Electric power system1 Technical Characteristics of Electric PowerThe electric power has unique technical characteristics which give the power industry certain unique characteristics.1Intangibility. The customer cannot directly detect a kilowatt-hour with any of his physical senses.2Quality. The quality of service can be measured by service continuity or reliability, uniformity of voltage at the proper level, proper and uniformfrequency of the alternating voltage.3Product storage. Unlike most businesses, the electric power utility must create its product simultaneously with its use because there is no storage ofelectricity.4Responsibility for power service. Because the utility delivers its product to the customer’s premises it must assume responsibility for the safe andreliable delivery of its product.5Public Safety. The utility must provide reasonably adequate protection for the public and its own skilled workers.2 Power System PlanningIn anticipation of continued growth in the loads served by the electric utilities, power systems must be continually expanded in capability. Long-range planning is essential to assure that necessary additions are technically adequate, reasonable in cost and fit into a growth pattern.The difficulties encountered by the long-range planner include: uncertainty of load growth with respect to both geography and time, the probability of new invention or technological development.Good system planning strives for optimum design on a system-wide basis, not necessarily for minimum cost in one part of the system without regard to the effect on the other parts.In recent years, there has been an emphasis on economy in planning andoperation.Now there is increased emphasis on reliability and environmental factors.Before planning decisions are made, many factors must be carefully considered:(1)Equipment decision have long-term effects requiring a forecast and study period of 15-25 years.(2)There are many alternate means of generating electric power nuclear, base-load fossil, mid-range combustion turbines or hydro, and in large-medium or small-size plants, and different forms of energy storage.(3)There are several alternate means of transmitting electric power, for example, by alternating or direct current, overhead or underground cable, and all over a wide range of voltages.(4)The planning decisions are affected by load management techniques and the load patterns.(5)Uncertainty exists concerning the factors, such as future fuel cost, interest rates on money and capital availability, equipment forced-outage rates, new technologies and environmental restrictions.3 Electrical Distribution3.1 Primary Distribution SystemsThe wiring between the generating station and the final distribution point is called the primary distribution systems. There are several methods used for transmitting the power between these two points. The two most common methods are the radial system and the loop system.（1）The Radial SystemsThe term radial comes from the word radiate, which means to send out or emit from one central point. A radiate system is an electrical transmission system which begins at a central station and supplies power to various substations.In its simplest from, a radial system consists of a generating station which produces the electrical energy. This energy is transmitted from the generator(s) to thecentral station, which is generally part of, or adjacent to, the generating station. At the central station the voltage is stepped up to a higher value for long-distance transmission.From the central station, several lines carry the power to various substations. At the substations the voltage is usually lowered to a value more suitable for distribution in populated areas. From the substations, lines carry the power to distribution transformers. These transformers lower the voltages to the value required by the consumer.（2）The loop systemThe loop system starts from the central station or a substation and makes a complete loop through the area to be served, and back to the starting point. This results in the area being supplied from both ends, allowing sections to be isolated in case of a breakdown. An expanded version of the loop system consists of several central stations joined together to from a very large loop.（3）Consumer Distribution SystemsThe type of distribution system that the consumer uses to transmit power within the premises depends upon the requirements of the particular installation. Residential occupancies generally use the simplest type. Commercial and industrial systems vary widely with load requirements.3.2 Single-phase SystemsMost single-phase systems are supplied from a three-phase primary. The primary of a single-phase transformer is connected to one phase of the three-phase system. The secondary contains two coils connected in series with a midpoint tap to provide a single-phase, three-wire system. This arrangement is generally used to supply power to residential occupancies and some commercial establishments.For residential occupancies, the service conductors are installed either overhead or underground. Single-family and small multifamily dwellings have the kilowatt-hour metes installed on the outside of the building. From the kilowatt-hourmeter, the conductors are connected to the main disconnect.Three separate disconnecting means are used with one common ground.From the main disconnect, the conductors supply power to the branch circuit panels. For dwelling occupancies there are three basic types of branch circuits: general lighting circuits, small appliance and laundry circuits, and individual branch circuits. The individual branch circuits are frequently used to supply central heating and/or air-conditioning system, water heaters, and other special loads.（1）Grounding RequirementsAll AC services are required to be grounded on the supply side of the service disconnecting means. This grounding conductor runs from the combination system and equipment ground to the grounding electrode. For multifamily occupancies it is permitted to use up to six service disconnecting means. A single grounding conductor of adequate size should be used for the system ground.（2）Commercial and Industrial InstallationsCommercial and industrial installations are more complex than small residential installations. Large apartment complexes and condominiums, although classified as residential occupancies, often use commercial-style services .A single-phase, three-wire service or a three-phase, four-wire service may be brought into the building, generally from underground. The service-entrance conductors terminate in a main disconnects. From this point, the conductors are connected to the individual kilowatt-hour meters for each apartment and then to smaller disconnecting means and over-current protective devices. Branch-circuit panels are generally installed in each apartment. Feeder conductors connect the individual disconnecting means to the branch-circuit panels. Commercial and/or industrial buildings may have more than one kilowatt-hour meter, depending upon the number of occupancies. The service is usually a three-phase, four-wire system. The available voltages may be 120/208V or 277/480v. If the system provides 277/480V, a transformer must be installed in order to obtain 120V. If the building covers a largearea, it is recommended that the service be installed near the center of the building. This arrangement minimizes line loss on feeder and branch-circuit conductors. Some utilities supply a three-phase, three-wire or three-phase, four-wire delta system. The common voltages that may be obtained from the three-wire delta system are 240V, 440V, or 550V. With this arrangement, a transformer must be used to obtain 120V. The usual voltages supplied from the four-wire delta system are 240V, three phase and 120V, single phase.Many large consumers purchase the electrical energy at the primary voltage, and transformers are installed on their premises. Three-phase voltages up to 15 KV are often used.The service for this type of installation generally consists of metal cubicles called a substation unit. The transformers are either installed within the cubicle or adjacent to it. Isolation switches of the drawer type are installed within the cubicle. These switches are used to isolate the main switch or circuit breaker from the supply during maintenance or repair.3.3 Consumer Loop SystemsAlthough the radial system of distribution is probably the most commonly used system of transmitting power on the consumer’s property, the loop system is also employed.When installing any system, over-current protection and grounding must be given primary consideration. Electrical personnel who design and install these systems must comply with the NEC and local requirements.3.4 Secondary High-voltage DistributionLarge industrial establishments may find it more economical to distribute power at voltages higher than 600V. Depending upon the type of installation and the load requirements, voltages as high as 2300V may be used. Step-down transformers are installed in strategic locations to reduce the voltage to a practical working value.Sometimes the high-voltage system may be radial, and the low-voltage systemmay be connected into a loop. Another method is to have both the primaries and secondary connected to from a loop.（1）Secondary Ties Loop SystemIt is frequently convenient to connect loads to the secondary conductors at points between transformers. These conductors are called secondary ties. Article 450 of the NEC gives specific requirements regarding the conductor sizes and over-current protection.（2）Grounding of Electrical SystemsIn general, most electrical systems must be grounded. The purpose of grounding is to limit the magnitude of voltage caused by lightning, momentary surges, and accidental contact with higher voltages. System grounds must be arranged to provide a path of minimum impedance in order to ensure the operation of over-current devices when a ground fault occurs. Current should not flow though the grounding conductor during normal operation.Direct-current systems generally have the grounding conductor connected to the system at the supply station, and not at the individual service. Alternation-current system, on the other hand, must be grounded on the supply side of the main disconnect at each individual service. For specific information on the location and method of grounding, refer to NEC Article 250.3.5 Grounding of Electrical EquipmentMetal conduit and cases which enclose electrical conductors must be grounded. If the ungrounded conductor comes in contact with a metal enclosure which is not grounded, a voltage will be present between the enclosure and the ground. This presents a potential hazard. Persons coming in contact with the enclosure and ground will complete a circuit.All non-current-carrying metal parts of electrical installations should be tightly bonded together and connected to a grounding electrode. Good electrical continuity should be ensured though all metal enclosures. The current caused byaccidental grounds will be conducted though the enclosures, the grounding electrode to the earth.If the current is large enough, it will cause the over-current device to open. （1）Ground-Fault ProtectionA ground-fault protector is a device which senses ground faults and opens the circuit when the current to ground reaches a predetermined value. A ground-fault circuit interrupter is a device which opens the circuit when very small currents flow to ground.There is no way to determine in advance the impedance of an accidental ground. Most circuits are protected by 15A or larger over-current devices. If the impedance of a ground fault is low enough, such devices will open the circuit. What about currents of less than 15A? It has been proven that currents as small as 50mA though the heart, lungs, or brain can be fatal.Electrical equipment exposed to moisture or vibration may develop high-impedance grounds. Arcing between a conductor and the frame of equipment may cause a fire, yet the current may be less than 1 ampere. Leakage current caused by dirt and/or moisture may take place between the conductor and the frame. Portable tools are frequently not properly grounded, and the only path to ground is through the body of the operator.The ground-fault circuit interrupter was developed to provide protection against ground-fault currents of less than 15A. The GFCI is designed to operate on two-wire circuits in which one of the two wires is grounded. The standard circuit voltages are 120V and 277V .The time it takes to operate depends upon the value of the ground-fault current. Small currents of 10mA or less may flow for up to 5s before the circuit is opened. A current of 20mA will cause the GFCI to operate in less than 0.04s. This time/current element provides a sufficient margin of safety without nuisance tripping.The GFCI operates on the principle that an equal amount of current is flowingthrough the two wires. When a ground fault occurs, some of the current flowing though the ungrounded wire; it completes the circuit though the accidental ground. The GFCI senses the difference in the value of current between the values of current between the two wires and opens the circuit. GFIC s may be incorporated into circuit breaks, installed in the line, or incorporated into a receptacle outlet or equipment.Ground-fault protectors are generally designed for use with commercial and/or industrial installations. They provide protection against ground-fault currents from 2A up to 2000A.GFPs are generally installed on the main, submain, and/or feeder conductors. GFCIs are installed in the branch circuits.A ground-fault protector installed on supply conductors must enclose all the circuit conductors, including the neutral, if present. When the operating is under normal conditions, all the current to and from the load flows though the circuit conductors. The algebraic sum of the flux produced by these currents is zero. When a phase-to-ground fault occurs, the fault current returns though the grounding conductor. Under this condition an alternating flux is produced within the sensing device. When the fault current reaches a predetermined value, the magnetic flux causes a relay to actuate a circuit breaker.Sometimes the GFP is installed on the grounding conductor of the system. Under this condition, the unit senses the amount of phase-to-ground current flowing in the grounding conductor. When the current exceeds the setting of the GFP, it will cause the circuit breaker to open.The ground-fault protector is actually an especially design current transformer connected to a solid-state relay.（2）Three-phase SystemsThe various three-phase systems in normal use will be described. Under ideal conditions, these systems operate in perfect balance, and if a neutral conductor is present it carries zero current. In actual practice, perfectly balanced systems areseldom encountered. The electrical worker, therefore, must be able to calculate values of current and voltage in unbalanced systems. Single-phase loads are frequently supplied from three-phase systems. The single-phase load requirements vary considerably, making it virtually impossible to maintain a perfect balance.To calculate the line currents in an unbalanced three-phase system, the method in the following example may be used.4 Selection of Power TransformerThe selection of the transformer can have a major impact on the cost of a substation, since the transformer represents the major cost plate rating is only a aide to transformer application, and should only be used as a first step in the selection process.The selection of the transformer should involve a careful evaluation of a number of other factors:(1)Impedances should be selected considering their effects on short-circuitduties and low-side breaker ratings both for initial and future stationdevelopments.In addition, impedance is important to achieve a proper loaddivision in the parallel operation of transformers.(2)No load tap ranges should be selected to provide an adequate low-side busvoltage.(3)If the high-side or low-side voltages vary over a wide range during the load cycle, it may be necessary to provide bus regulation.The actual regulation can be calculated using the system and load characteristics.5 SwitchgearSwitchgear is a general term covering switching and interrupting devices, also associated devices with control, metering, protective and regulatory equipment.Switchgear mainly includes circuit breaker, disconnecting switch, load-break switch and fuse.The disconnect switch is the simplest switch on the basis of function, operating only in the absence of appreciable current.This switch cannotopen normal load current and its function is to disconnect or connect transformers, circuit breakers, other pieces of equipment and short length of high voltage conductors only after current through them has been interrupted by opening a circuit breaker or load-break switch. A load-break switch will switch normal load currents but will not interrupt short circuit currents. However, circuit breakers will perform the switching functions of the above two classes, but will, if applied within rating, interrupt all short circuit currents that may occur on the system. Fuses consist essentially of a fusible element and an arc-extinguishing means.C ircuit breakers and disconnect switches should not be blown open or otherwise damaged by short circuit currents within their short time ratings.The circuit breakers and disconnecting switches should be designed or protected to withstand normal operating voltages across the device in the open position.6 Means of Reactive Power CompensationT he capacitance of a line has two related voltage effects.One is the rise in voltage along the line resulting from the capacitive current of the line flowing through the line inductance.The second effect is the rise in voltage resulting from the capacitive current of the line flowing through the source impedance.These effects are corrected by the generator voltage regulators.If the line delivers too much charging current, the generator field excitation will become very low which reduces the stability limit and is unacceptable.These voltages can be reduced by the application of shunt reactors.The degree of compensation provided by a reactor is usually quantified by the percentage of the line capacitance that is compensated.The percent shunt compensation of EHV lines in service ranges from 0% to 90% with the reactors located in the substations at one or both ends of the line.The basic purpose of a shunt capacitor bank is to increase the local circuit voltage or improve the load power factor carried by the circuit.Many large capacitor banks are switched on and off as the system need for reactive kilovolt amperes changes.System requirements govern whether a certain bank should or should notbe switched.If the voltage at the capacitor would be too high during knight load, some or all of the capacitors are switched off.Very large banks are usually switched in steps.This procedure has the disadvantage of requiring more switches and thus increasing the total equipment cost per kilovar. It, however, provide a means of keeping the voltage change per step within permissible limits.A synchronous condenser is nothing more than a synchronous machine running at synchronous speed witch no mechanical load.The condenser has a control circuit that controls the field excitation to provide voltage control.When the system voltage starts to fall below the desired values, the control circuit will automatically increase the field excitation which causes the synchronous condenser to supply vats to the system. This will increase the system voltage at the point.7 Overvoltage and Insulation CoordinationA n area of critical importance in the design of power system is the consideration of the insulation requirements for lines, cables and stations.W hen lightning strikes a phase conductor of transmission line, the current of the lightning stroke will encounter the surge impedance of the conductor so that overvoltage will be built up and propagate to the substation along the transmission line in wave form.This type of overvoltage is called lightning incoming wave.It will danger electric equipment in substations.Insulation coordination is the process of determining the proper impulse insulation level and switching insulation level required in various electrical equipments together with the proper surge arrester. This process is determined from the known surge characteristics of equipment and the characteristics of surge arresters.8 GroundingGrounding in power system is for the purpose of operation consideration, lightning proof and safety of personnel and equipment. Grounding means connecting to a low resistance earth electrode or an excellent earthing system. Theearthing installations must have a current-carrying capacity sufficient to deal with the maximum fault currents, and a grounding resistance low enough to prevent a dangerous voltage appearing between any points which a man could reach simultaneously. The earthing arrangements should also be such as to ensure that, under fault conditions, the lowest practical voltage appears between earthed points of the equipment and the main body of the earth, so that insulation breakdown or burning does not occur on equipment which is earthed. During a fault, the flow of current to earth will result in voltage gradients on the surface within and around a substation. Unless proper precautions are taken, the voltage differences along the ground may be great enough to endanger a person walking there. In addition, such voltage differences can sometimes exist.Between“grounded” structures or equipment frames and the nearby earth. As a result of these concerns, it is common practice for substations to have an electrical ground system consisting of a gird of horizontal and buried conductor.中文译文：电力系统1 电力的技术特点电力具有独特的技术特点，这使得电力工业具有独特的行业特点。
毕业设计机电工程系中英文翻译对照
English translationThe E- Behind EverythingElectricity and magnetism run nearly everything we plug in or turn on. Although it’s something we take for granted, it has taken hundreds of years of experimentation and research to reach the point where we flick a switch and the lights go on.People knew about electricity for a long time. Ancient Greeks noticed that if they rubbed a piece of amber, feathers would stick to it. You’ve experienced a similar thing if you’ve ever had your hair stick up straight after you combed it, or had your socks stick together when you removed them from the drier. This is called static electricity, but back then nobody knew how to explain it or what to do with it.Experiments using friction to generate static electricity led to machines that could produce large amounts of static electricity on demand. In 1660 German Otto von made the first electrostatic generator with a ball of sulfur and some cloth. The ball symbolized the earth, and he believed that this little replica of the e arth would shed part of its electric “soul” when rubbed. It worked, and now scientists could study electric shocks and sparks whenever they wanted.As scientists continued to study electricity, they began thinking of it as an invisible fluid and tried to capture and store it. One of the first to do this was Pieter van, Holland. In 1746 he wrapped a water-filled jar with metal foil and discovered that this simple device could store the energy produced by an electrostatic generator. This device became known as the jar. were very important in other people’s experiments, such as Benjamin Franklin’s famous kite experiment. Many people suspected that lightning and static electricity were the same thing, since both crackled and produced bright sparks. In 1752 Franklin attached a key to a kite and flew it in a storm-threatened sky. (NOTE that Franklin did not fly a kite in an actual storm. NEVER do that!) When a thundercloud moved by, the key sparked. This spark charged the jars and proved that lightning was really electricity. Like many experimenters and scientists Franklin used one discovery to make another. Franklin was not the only scientist inspired to conduct experiments with electricity. In the 1780s, the Italian scientist Luigi m ade a dead frog’s leg move by means of an electric current. called this “animal electricity.” He thought that the wet animal tissue generated electricity when it came in contact with metal probes. He even suggested that the soul was actually Italian Alessandro Volta was skeptical of con clusions. In 1799 he discovered that it wasn’t animal tissue alone producing the electric current at all. Volta believed that the current was actually caused by the interaction of water and chemicals in the animal tissue with the metal probes. Volta stacked metal disks separated by layers of cardboard soaked in salt water. This so-called voltaic pile produced an electric current without needing to be charged like a jar. This invention is still around today, but we call it the battery.Volta’s pile was a lot different from the batteries you put in your Discman. It was big, ugly, and messy, but it worked, making Volta the first person to generate electricity with a chemical reaction. His work was so important that the term volt—the unit of electrical tension or pr—is named in his honor. As for Galvani, although he was proven wrong, his work stimulated research on electricity and the body. That research eventually proved that nerves do carry electrical impulses, an important medical discovery. Like electricity, magnetism was baffling to the earliest researchers. Today manufactured magnets are common, but in earlier timesthe only available magnets were rare and mysterious rocks with an unexplainable attraction for bits of iron. Explanations of the way they work sound strange today. For example, in the 1600, English doctor William Gilbert published a book on magnetism. He thought that these strange substances, called “lodestones,” had a soul that accounted for the attraction of a lodestone to iron and steel. The only real use for lodestones was to make compasses, and many thought the compass needle’s movement was in response to its attraction to the earth’s “soul.” By 1800, after many years of study, scientists began wondering if these two mysterious forces—electricity and magnetism—were related. In 1820 Danish physicist Hans Oersted showed that whenever an electric current flows through a wire, it produces a magnetic field around the wire. French mathematician André-Marie used algebra to come up with a mathematical formula to describe this relationship between electricity and magnetism. He was one of the first to develop measuring techniques for electricity. The unit for current, the ampere, abbreviated as amp or as A, is named in his honor. Groundbreaking experiments in electromagnetism were conducted by British scientist Michael Faraday. He showed that when you move a loop of a wire in a magnetic field, a little bit of current flows through the loop for just a moment. This is called induction. Faraday constructed a different version of it called the induction ring. In later years, engineers would use the principle of the induction ring to build electrical transformers, which are used today in thousands of electrical and electronic devices. Faraday also invented a machine that kept a loop of wire rotating near a magnet continuously. By touching two wires to the rotating loop, he could detect the small flow electric current. This machine used induction to produce a flow of current as long as it was in motion, and so it was an electromagnetic generator. However, the amount of electricity it produced was very tiny. There was still another use for induction. Faraday also created a tiny electric motor—too small to do the work of a steam engine but still quite promising. For thousands of years electricity and magnetism were subjects of interest only to experimenters and scientists. Nobody thought of a practical way of using electricity before the 1800s and it was of little interest to most people. But by Faraday’s time invento rs and engineers were gearing up to transform scientific concepts into practical machines.Telegraphs and TelephonesOne of the most important ways that electricity and magnetism have been put to use is making communication faster and easier. In this day o f instant messaging, cell phones, and pagers, it’s hard to imagine a time when messages had to be written and might spend weeks or even months reaching their destination. They had to be carried great distances by ships, wagon, or even by horseback—you coul dn’t just call somebody up to say hello. That all changed when inventors began using electricity and magnetism to find better ways for people to talk to each other. The telegraph was first conceived of in the 1700s, but few people pursued it. By the 1830s, however, advancements in the field of electromagnetism, such as those made by Alessandro Volta and Joseph Henry, created new interest in electromagnetic communication. In 1837, English scientist Charles Wheatstone opened the first com telegraph line between London and Camden Town, a distance of 1.5 miles. Building on, Samuel Morse, an American artist and inventor, designed a line to connect Washington, DC and Baltimore, Maryland in 1844. Morse’s telegraph was a simple device that used a battery, a switch, and a small electromagnet, but it allowed people miles apart to communicate instantly. Although Morse is often credited with inventing the telegraph, his greatest contribution was actually Morse, a special language designed for the telegraph. Morse'scommercialization of the telegraph spread the technology quickly. In 1861 California was connected to the rest of the United States with the first transcontinental telegraph line. Five years later, engineers found a way of spanning the Atlantic Ocean with telegraph lines, thus connecting the United States and Europe. This was an enormous and challenging job. To do it engineers had to use a huge ship called The Great Eastern to lay the cable across the ocean. It was the only ship with enough room to store all that cable. The world was connected by wire before the nation was connected by rail—the transcontinental railroad wasn’t completed until 1869! The telegraph was the key to fast, efficient railroad service. The railroads and the telegraph expanded side-by-side, crisscrossing every continent, except Anta, in the late 1800s. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, telegraphy became a very lucrative business for companies such as Western Union. It also provided women with new career options. As convenient as the telegraph was, people dreamt of hearing the voices of loved ones who lived far away. Pretty soon, another instrument to communicate across distances was invented. Alexander Graham Bell, a teacher and inventor, worked with the deaf and became fascinated with studying sound. In 1875, Bell discovered a way to convert sound waves to an undulating current that could be carried along wires. This helped him invent the telephone. The first phone conversation was an inadvertent one between Bell and Watson, his ass istant in the next room. After spilling some acid, Bell said “Mr. Watson, come here.I want you.” He patented his device the same year. Early phone service wasn’t as portable and convenient as today’s. At first, telephones we connected in pairs. You could call only one person, and they could only call you. The telephone exchange changed all that. The first exchange was in New Haven, Connecticut in 1878. It allowed people who subscribed to it to call one another. Operators had to connect the calls, but in 1891 an automatic exchange was invented. Some problems had to be solved, though, before long-distance telephoning could work. The main one was that the signal weakened with distance, disappearing if the telephone lines were too long. A solution was found in 1912 with a way to amplify electrical signals, and transcontinental phone calls were possible. A test took place in 1914, and the next year, Bell, who was in New York, called Watson, who was in San Francisco. He said the same thing he had said during the first phone conversation. Watson’s answer? “It will take me five days to get there now!”Plc development1.1 MotivationProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLC), a computing device invented by Richard E. Morley in 1968, have been widely used in industry including manufacturing systems, transportation systems, chemical process facilities, and many others. At that time, the PLC replaced the hardwired logic with soft-wired logic or so-called relay ladder logic (RLL), a programming language visually resembling the hardwired logic, and reduced thereby the configuration time from 6 months down to 6 days [Moody and Morley, 1999].Although PC based control has started to come into place, PLC based control will remain the technique to which the majority of industrial applications will adhere due to its higher performance, lower price, and superior reliability in harsh environments. Moreover, according to a study on the PLC market of Frost and Sullivan [1995], an increase of the annual sales volume to 15 million PLCs per year with the hardware value of more than 8 billion US dollars has been predicted, though the prices of computing hardware is steadily dropping. The inventor of the PLC, Richard E Morley, fairly considers the PLC market as a 5-billion industry at the present time.Though PLCs are widely used in industrial practice, the programming of PLC based control systems is still very much relying on trial-and-error. Alike software engineering, PLC software design is facing the software dilemma or crisis in a similar way. Morley himself emphasized this aspect most forcefully by indicating [Moody and Morley, 1999, p. 110]:`If houses were built like software projects, a single woodpecker could destroy civilization.” Particularly, practical problems in PLC programming are to eliminate software bugs and to reduce the maintenance costs of old ladder logic programs. Though the hardware costs of PLCs are dropping continuously, reducing the scan time of the ladder logic is still an issue in industry so that low-cost PLCs can be used.In general, the productivity in generating PLC is far behind compared to other domains, for instance, VLSI design, where efficient computer aided design tools are in practice. Existent software engineering methodologies are not necessarily applicable to the PLC based software design because PLC-programming requires a simultaneous consideration of hardware and software. The software design becomes, thereby, more and more the major cost driver. In many industrial design projects, more than SO0/a of the manpower allocated for the control system design and installation is scheduled for testing and debugging PLC programs [Rockwell, 1999].In addition, current PLC based control systems are not properly designed to support the growing demand for flexibility and reconfigurability of manufacturing systems. A further problem, impelling the need for a systematic design methodology, is the increasing software complexity in large-scale projects.1.2 Objective and Significance of the ThesisThe objective of this thesis is to develop a systematic software design methodology for PLC operated automation systems. The design methodology involves high-level description based on state transition models that treat automation control systems as discrete event systems, a stepwise design process, and set of design rules providing guidance and measurements to achieve a successful design. The tangible outcome of this research is to find a way to reduce the uncertainty in managing the control software development process, that is, reducing programming and debugging time and their variation, increasing flexibility of the automation systems, and enabling software reusability through modularity. The goal is to overcome shortcomings of current programming strategies that are based on the experience of the individual software developer.A systematic approach to designing PLC software can overcome deficiencies in the traditional way of programming manufacturing control systems, and can have wide ramifications in several industrial applications. Automation control systems are modeled by formal languages or, equivalently, by state machines. Formal representations provide a high-level description of the behavior of the system to be controlled. State machines can be analytically evaluated as to whether or not they meet the desired goals. Secondly, a state machine description provides a structured representation to convey the logical requirements and constraints such as detailed safety rules. Thirdly, well-defined control systems design outcomes are conducive to automatic code generation- An ability to produce control software executable on commercial distinct logic controllers can reduce programming lead-time and labor cost. In particular, the thesis is relevant with respect to the following aspects.Customer-Driven ManufacturingIn modern manufacturing, systems are characterized by product and process innovation, become customer-driven and thus have to respond quickly to changing system requirements. A majorchallenge is therefore to provide enabling technologies that can economically reconfigure automation control systems in response to changing needs and new opportunities. Design and operational knowledge can be reused in real-time, therefore, giving a significant competitive edge in industrial practice.Higher Degree of Design Automation and Software QualityStudies have shown that programming methodologies in automation systems have not been able to match rapid increase in use of computing resources. For instance, the programming of PLCs still relies on a conventional programming style with ladder logic diagrams. As a result, the delays and resources in programming are a major stumbling stone for the progress of manufacturing industry. Testing and debugging may consume over 50% of the manpower allocated for the PLC program design. Standards [IEC 60848, 1999; IEC-61131-3, 1993; IEC 61499, 1998; ISO 15745-1, 1999] have been formed to fix and disseminate state-of-the-art design methods, but they normally cannot participate in advancing the knowledge of efficient program and system design.A systematic approach will increase the level of design automation through reusing existing software components, and will provide methods to make large-scale system design manageable. Likewise, it will improve software quality and reliability and will be relevant to systems high security standards, especially those having hazardous impact on the environment such as airport control, and public railroads.System ComplexityThe software industry is regarded as a performance destructor and complexity generator. Steadily shrinking hardware prices spoils the need for software performance in terms of code optimization and efficiency. The result is that massive and less efficient software code on one hand outpaces the gains in hardware performance on the other hand. Secondly, software proliferates into complexity of unmanageable dimensions; software redesign and maintenance-essential in modern automation systems-becomes nearly impossible. Particularly, PLC programs have evolved from a couple lines of code 25 years ago to thousands of lines of code with a similar number of 1/O points. Increased safety, for instance new policies on fire protection, and the flexibility of modern automation systems add complexity to the program design process. Consequently, the life-cycle cost of software is a permanently growing fraction of the total cost. 80-90% of these costs are going into software maintenance, debugging, adaptation and expansion to meet changing needs [Simmons et al., 1998].Design Theory DevelopmentToday, the primary focus of most design research is based on mechanical or electrical products. One of the by-products of this proposed research is to enhance our fundamental understanding of design theory and methodology by extending it to the field of engineering systems design. A system design theory for large-scale and complex system is not yet fully developed. Particularly, the question of how to simplify a complicated or complex design task has not been tackled in a scientific way. Furthermore, building a bridge between design theory and the latest epistemological outcomes of formal representations in computer sciences and operations research, such as discrete event system modeling, can advance future development in engineering design. Application in Logical Hardware DesignFrom a logical perspective, PLC software design is similar to the hardware design of integrated circuits. Modern VLSI designs are extremely complex with several million parts and a product development time of 3 years [Whitney, 1996]. The design process is normally separated into acomponent design and a system design stage. At component design stage, single functions are designed and verified. At system design stage, components are aggregated and the whole system behavior and functionality is tested through simulation. In general, a complete verification is impossible. Hence, a systematic approach as exemplified for the PLC program design may impact the logical hardware design.1.3 Structure of the ThesisFigure 1.1 illustrates the outline of the following thesis. Chapter 2 clarifies the major challenges and research issues, and discourses the relevant background and terminology. It will be argued that a systematic design of PLC software can contribute to higher flexibility and reconfigurability of manufacturing systems. The important issue of how to deal with complexity in engineering design with respect to designing and operating a system will be debated. The research approach applied in this thesis is introduced starting from a discussion of design theory and methodology and what can be learnt from that field.Chapter 3 covers the state-of-the-art of control technology and the current practice in designing and programming PLC software. The influences of electrical and software engineering are revealed as well as the potentially applicable methods from computer science are discussed. Pros and cons are evaluated and will lead to the conclusion that a new methodology is required that suffices the increasing complexity of PLC software design.Chapter 4 represents the main body of the thesis and captures the essential features of the design methodology. Though design theory is regarded as being in a pre- scientific stage it has advanced in mechanical, software and system engineering with respect to a number of proposed design models and their evaluation throughout real-world examples. Based on a literature review in Chapter 2 and 3 potential applicable design concepts and approaches are selected and applied to context of PLC software design. Axiomatic design is chosen as underlying design concept since it provides guidance for the designer without restriction to a particular design context. To advance the design concept to PLC software design, a formal notation based on statechart formalism is introduced. Furthermore, a design process is developed that arranges the activities needed in a sequential order and shows the related design outcomes.In Chapter 5, a number of case studies are given to demonstrate the applicability of the developed design methodology. The examples are derived from a complex reference system, a flexible assembly system. The achieved insights are evaluated in a concluding paragraph.Chapter 6 presents the developed computerized design tool for PLC software design on a conceptual level. The software is written in Visual Basic by using ActiveX controls to provide modularity and reuse in a web-based collaborative programming environment. Main components of the PLC software are modeling editors for the structural (modular) and the behavioral design, a layout specification interface and a simulation engine that can validate the developed model. Chapter 7 is concluding this thesis. It addresses the achievements with respect to the research objectives and questions. A critical evaluation is given alongside with an outlook for future research issues.电力的故事当我们插上电源,打开旋钮,电和磁差不多在每样东西上都运行着,今天我们知道这是什么,这一些花了人们上百年时间的实验和研究来达到这一点—当我们按下按钮时,光亮已经开始，人们对电的了解已经有很长一段时间了.古希腊人注意到,摩擦一块琥珀,羽毛将能被吸住.你已经经历过相类似的事情,当你梳头时,头发将垂直竖起,当你从干燥机中拿袜子时,袜子也会粘在一起.这被称作静电.但是在以前人们不知道如何解释此类现象或如何应用这种现象，使用摩擦产生的静电来带动机器的实验可以产生大量所需要的静电.在1660年,德国人Otto von Guericke用一个硫磺球和一些布制造了第一台静电发电机.硫磺球象征大地,他深信这种小型地球复制品被摩擦时将流出电的灵魂,他成功了,现在的科学家可以在任何想要的时候来研究电击和电火花.随着科学家们持续对电的研究,他们开始认为它以一种看不见的方式流动,并试图去捕获并储存.第一次去做这项研究的是荷兰Leyden的Pieter van Musschenbroek.1746,他用一个金属箔片包一个装满水的罐子,发现这种简单的设备能储存由静电发电机产生的能量.这个设备后来著名的莱顿瓶.莱顿瓶在其他人的实验中有非常重要的作用.如Benjamin Franklin著名的风筝实验.许多人认为闪电和静电是同一种东西,由于双方碰撞产生明亮的电火花.1752年, Franklin将一把钥匙绑在风筝上,在一个暴风即将来临的天气里放飞(请记住Franklin不是在一个真正的暴风寸中放飞的,永远不要这样做),当一块雷雨云经过时,钥匙被闪电击中,闪电充满莱顿瓶,由此证明闪电实际也是一种电力.同其他实验人和科学家一样, Franklin用一个发现来做另外一个. Franklin并不是唯一的在电力实验方面灵光突现的科学家.18世纪80年代,意大利的科学家Luigi Galvani用电流让一只切断的青蛙的腿移动. Galvani称之为生物电.他认为当潮湿的动物组织同金属探测针接触时产生电能.他甚至大胆预测精神也是一种电能。
机电工程专业英语翻译
AC motors are the most inexpensive solution to continuous rotary motion ,and there are a variety of torque-speed curves to suit various load applications.They are limited to a few speeds ,which are a function of the 60 Hz AC line frequency .The most common AC motor speeds are 1725 and 3450 revolutions per minute (RPM),which represent some slippage from the more expensive synchronous AC motor speeds of 1800 and 3600 rpm ..If other speeds are needed ,a gearbox speed reducer is attached to the motor's output shaft交流电机是最廉价的解决方案，连续旋转运动，并有各种各样的转矩-转速曲线适合各种应用。
他们有限的几个速度，这是一个功能的60赫兹交流电的频率。
最常见的交流电机的速度是1725和3450每分钟转速（转），其中一些代表延误更昂贵的同步交流电机的速度1800和3600转每分钟。
如果其他速度是必要的，一个齿轮箱减速器连接在电机的输出轴。
机电专业英语翻译(中英文一行一行对照翻译)
专业英语(论文)英译汉课题名称机电专业英语学生姓名学号10411044系、年级专业10级机电一班指导教师2013年12月12日Design of StructuralMechanisms结构机制设计Melinda MayA dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophyin the Department of Engineering Science at the University of OxfordSt Hugh’s College牛津大学圣休斯学院工程科学系哲学博士学位论文Trinity Term 20032003年夏季学期Design of Structural Mechanisms结构机制设计Abstract摘要A dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophyin the Department of Engineering Science at the University of OxfordSt Hugh’s College牛津大学圣休斯学院工程科学系哲学博士学位论文Trinity Term 20032003年夏季学期In this dissertation, we explore the possibilities of systematically constructing largestructural mechanisms using existing spatial overconstrained linkages with onlyrevolute joints as basic elements.在这篇论文中，我们探讨利用只以旋转接头为基本元素的现存受空间限制过约束机构来系统地构建大型结构机制的可能性。
The first part of the dissertation is devoted to structural mechanisms (networks) basedon the Bennett linkage, a well-known spatial 4R linkage.该论文的第一部分专注于以贝内特机构为基础的结构机制（网络），一个众所周知的空间4R机构。
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1.结论与讨论应用泡沫金属子弹撞击加载的方式研究了泡沫铝夹芯梁和单层梁的抗冲击性能，分别讨论了子弹冲量、面板厚度和芯层厚度对夹芯梁抗冲击性能的影响。
得到了梁后面板中心点的最终挠度与加载冲量的关系，并将实验结果与理论预测相比较，结论如下：（1）泡沫金属子弹撞击加载下，夹芯梁的变形主要集中在子弹作用的中心区域。
前面板主要表现为子弹作用区域的压缩变形，其失效模式分为压入失效和侵彻失效；芯层的变形根据破坏程度的不同可分为加载中心区域的压缩变形和接近固支端的无压缩变形；后面板的变形为非弹性大变形，中心点挠度最大，与板不同的是未观察到明显的花瓣形变形。
（2）参数研究结果表明，泡沫铝夹芯梁后面板中心点的最终挠度随着加载冲量的增大而增大，且呈指数函数变化。
研究范围内，最终挠度随着面板厚度的增加线性减少，但也出现了面板厚度较大的夹芯梁的最终挠度大于面板厚度较小的夹芯梁的情况，这可能是由于脱胶或泡沫材料的不均匀性造成的。
芯层厚度与夹芯梁抗冲击性能密切相关，增加芯层厚度能显著地提高夹芯梁的抗冲击能力。
（3）实验结果与理论预测比较后发现，冲量较大时吻合较好，实验挠度处于理论预测的内、外屈服轨迹内；冲量较小时却存在一定的差异，这可能是泡沫材料的不均匀性及理论预测中过高估计了弯曲和拉伸共同作用阶段的影响产生的。
（4）通过一定范围的冲量研究表明，与等质量的单层梁相比，泡沫铝夹芯梁具有较高的抗冲击能力和明显的结构优势。
Conclusion and discussionThe way of using foam metallic projectiles impact load studies the shock resistance of sandwich beams with core of aluminuim foam and单层梁,and respectively discusses the effects of projectile impulse, face sheets thickness and the thickness of core on the shock resistance of sandwich beams. The relationship between the final deflection of the central point of梁后面板and加载冲量is attained. The result of the experiment is compared with the theoretical prediction. The conclusions are:（1）In the situation of foam metallic projectiles impact load, the deformation of sandwich beams mainly located in the central area where the projectiles are working. The front face sheet mainly shows the compression deformation of the area where the projectiles are working,and its failure modes can be divided into: indenting failure and pitting failure. According to the different damage degree of the芯层deformation, it can be divided into 加载中心区域的压缩变形and接近固支端的无压缩变形. The back face sheet shows large inelastic deformation and its deflection of the central point is the biggest. Obvious 花瓣形deformation isn’t observed, which is different from the sheet.（2）The result of parameter study shows that the central point deflection of sandwich beams with core of aluminuim foam back face sheet increases with the increase in 加载冲量and it changes in exponential function. Within the study field,the final deflection decreases线性地with the increase in the thickness of the face sheets, but it also appears the situation that the final deflection of 面板厚度较大的夹芯梁is larger than面板厚度较小的夹芯梁. This is probably due to 脱胶或泡沫材料的不均匀性. The thickness of 芯层and the shock resistance of夹芯梁is closely related. Increasing the thickness of 芯层can notably improve the shock resistance of 夹芯梁.（3）After the comparison of the result of the experiment and theoretical prediction, we findthat the larger the冲量is , the better the fitness is. The experimental deflection is located within内、外屈服轨迹of the theoretical prediction. When the 冲量is smaller, there’s certain difference. This is caused by 泡沫材料的不均匀性and overestimation the effect of 弯曲和拉伸共同作用阶段in theoretical prediction.（4）Through the 冲量study in certain area, it shows that when compared with the same quality of 单层梁,sandwich beams with core of aluminuim foam have superior shock resistance and obvious structure advantages.参考资料泡沫金属子弹metallic foam projectile6. Concluding remarksThe investigation on dynamic response of clamped sandwich beams with core of aluminuim foam and monolithic solid beams is achieved by using aluminuim foam projectile loading. And the effects of projectile impulse, face sheets thickness and the thickness of core on the response of structures are studied. The main conclusions are:1. The deflection of sandwich beams loaded by foam metallic projectiles mainly located in the central area. The specimens show two types of localized compression failure of front face sheet, i.e. indenting failure and pitting failure; Core deformation/failure can be divided into two regions (the compressed section and uncompressed section). And the back face sheet shows large inelastic deformation.摘要：冲击载荷下泡沫铝夹芯结构能产生较大的塑性变形，具有良好的能量吸收能力。
为研究夹芯结构在冲击载荷下的结构响应，应用泡沫金属子弹撞击加载的方式，采用激光测速装置和位移传感器测量了泡沫子弹的撞击速度和后面板中心点的位移—时间历程曲线，分别研究了子弹冲量、面板厚度和芯层厚度对抗冲击性能的影响。
实验研究给出了泡沫铝夹芯梁的变形与失效模式，结果表明结构响应对夹芯结构配置比较敏感，后面板中心点的永久变形与加载冲量、面板厚度分别成指数和线性关系。
最后与等质量单层实体梁比较，结果表明，泡沫铝夹层梁具有更好的抗冲击能力。
The dynamic response of sandwich beams subjected to impact loadThe institute of applied mechanics and biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024Abstract: Based on the study of the deformation mechanism and failure mode of sandwich beam with core of aluminuim foam subjected to impact load, analytical solution of clamped sandwich beam is developed for dynamic response. According to this analytical model, the response of the sandwich structure can be split into three sequential stages: fluid-structure interaction phase, core compression phase, beam bending and stretching phase. The investigation on dynamic response of clamped sandwich beams with core of aluminuim foam is achieved by using aluminuim foam projectile loading. LDV device and Laser displacement transducer is applied to measure impact velocity of projectile and deflection-time history of the mid-point of back face of the beam, respectively. And then the effects of projectile impulse, face sheets thickness and the thickness of core on the response of structures are studied. Comparing with monolithic beams of the same mass, the result reveals that sandwich beams have a superior shock resistance.Keywords: sandwich beam dynamic response impact load aluminuim foam。