机械专业英语

statics and dynamics静动/ journal bearing 径向/ rolling bearing滚动/ stress and strain应力和应变/Strengh of materials材料的强度Shaft轴/coupling连接器/ equivalent load 等效载荷/ stress concentration应力集中/ critical speed临界速度/ rigid coupling刚性连轴器/ flexible coupling挠性联轴器/cotter pin开口销/load limit复合极限/elastic deflection弹性变形thrust bearing推力轴承/ taper roller bearing圆锥滚子轴承/mating surface配合面/Internal spline内花键Lathe车床/headstock主轴箱/tailstock尾架/carriage溜板/leadscrew丝杠/feed rod光杠/engine lathe普通车床/slider-crank mechanism曲柄滑块机构/epicyclic gear行星齿轮/Gear broaching拉齿dimensional tolerance尺寸公差/surface roughness表面粗糙度/upper deviation上偏差/lower deviation下偏差/clearance fit间隙配合/interference fit过盈配合/transition fit过度配合

缩写词：N.C. numerical control数控CAD computer aided design CAE computer aided engineering工程CAM computer aided manufacturing制造/Mechanical Designing-Manufacturing and Automation 机械设计制造及其自动化/Machine design机械设计/mechanical theory机械原理/Engineering drawing工程制图

机床的种类：lathes车床,boring machine镗床,milling machine铣床,planers and shapers刨床和牛头刨床,broaching machines拉床,drilling machines钻孔机

选择连接件时考虑哪些因素：primary function基本功能,appearance外观,a large number of small size fasteners versnus a small number of larger size fasteners对于采用大量的小型连接件还是采用少量的大型连接件的确定,operating condition such as vibration loads and temperature诸如载荷、振动和温度等工作条件,frequency of disassembly装拆频率,adjustability in the location of parts零件位置的可调性,types of materials to be joined被连接零件的材料种类,consequences of failure of loosening of the fastener连接件失效或者松脱造成的后果

弹用途：control of motion in machines控制机构互动,reduction of transmitted forces as aresult of impact of shock loading缓冲减震,storage of energy储存能量,measurement of force测量力的大小

摘要包含哪些内容：state the principal objectives and scope of the investigation阐述该项目研究工作的主要目的和范围，describe the methodology employed描述所使用的方法，summarize the results 总结研究成果，state the principal condusions阐述主要结论

科技论文包括哪些内容：title标题，fact vs opinion事实与意见，the abstract摘要，analysis分析，results and discussion结果和讨论，appendixes附录，important information重要信息，tense,the introduction介绍，experimental procedure实验过程，condusions结论.

In addition the shaft must be able to sustain a combination of bending and torsional loads. Thus an equivalent load must be considered which takes into account both torsion a factor of safety which includes fatigue, since torsional and bending stress reversals occur.此外，轴还必须能够承受弯矩的当量载荷。因为扭矩和弯矩会产生交变应力，在许用应力中也应该有一个考虑疲劳现象的安全系数。

Removable. This type permits the parts to be readily disconnected without damaging the fastener. An example is the ordinary nut-and-bolt fastener.可拆式，采用这种方式连接的零件很容易被拆开，而且不会对连接件造成损伤。例如普通的螺栓螺母连接件。

Semipermanent.For this type, the parts can be disconnected ,but some damage usually occurs to the fastener. One such example is a cotter pin .半永久式，采用此类方式连接的零件虽然能被拆开，但通常会对所有的连接件造成损伤。

Permanent. When this type of fastener is used,it is intended that the parts will never be disassembled. Examples are riveted and welded joints.永久式，采用这种连接件就表明所连接的零件不会被分开，例如铆接和焊接。

Design can be based on accepted values of life and it is general practice in the bearing industry to define the load capacity of the bearing as that value below which 90 percent of a batch will exceed a life of one million revolutions.轴承设计是机于能够被人们所承受的寿命来进行的。在轴承行业中，通常将轴承的承载能力定义为这样的值，即所承受的载荷小于这个值时，一批轴承中将会有90%的轴承具有超过一百万的寿命。

Gear hobbing ,the most used metal cutting method,uses the rack generating principle but avoids show reciprocation by mounting many “racks”on a rotating cutter . The “racks”are displaced axially to form a gashed worm (fig.29.3). The gear hobbing process is shown in fig.29.

滚齿是最常见的金属切削方法。它采用齿条展成原理，但是通过安装在旋转刀具上的许多“齿条”来避免缓慢的往复运动。这些“齿条”轴向排布，形成了开槽的蜗杆（见图29.3），滚齿加工过程如图29.4所示。

There are three methods of specitying tolerances on dimensions:unilateral, bilateral, and limit forms. When plus-or-minus tolerancing is used, it is applied to a theoretical dimension called the basic dimension . When dimensions can vary in only one direction from the basic dimension (either larger or smaller )tolerancing is unilateral. Tolerancing that permits variation in both directions from the basic dimension (larger and smaller)is bilateral, tolerances may also be given in limit form, with dimensions representing the largest and smallest sizes for a feature.有三种表示尺寸公差的方式：单向，双向和极限方式。当采用正负公差时，就将公差加到被称为基本尺寸的理想尺寸上去。当只允许尺寸向基本的单一方向（或者变大或者变小）的变动时，就是单向公差。当尺寸在基本尺寸的两个方向（变大或者变小）都可以变动时，公差就是双向的。公差也可以用极限形式给出，表示零件的最大和最小尺寸。