如何养活世界(来自经济学人的英语阅读精品,含翻译)
经济学人两篇+翻译
Disney Star Wars, Disney and myth-makingHow one company came to master the business of storytellingFROM a galaxy far, far away to a cinema just down the road: “The Force Awakens”, the newest instalment of the Star Wars saga, is inescapable this Christmas. The first Star Wars title since Lucasfilm, the owner of the franchise, was acquired by Disney in 2012 for $4.1 billion, it represents more than just the revival of a beloved science-fiction series. It is the latest example of the way Disney has prospered over the past decade from a series of shrewd acquisitions (see article). Having bought Pixar, Marvel and Lucasfilm, Disney has skilfullycapitalised on their intellectual property—and in so doing, cemented its position as the market leader in the industrialisation of mythology. Its success rests on its mastery of the three elements of modern myth-making: tropes, technology and toys.From Homer to Han SoloStart with the tropes. Disney properties, which include everything from “Thor” to “Toy Story”, draw on well-worn devices of mythic structure to give their stories cultural resonance. Walt Disney himself had an intuitive grasp of the power of fables. George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, is an avid student of the work of Joseph Campbell, an American comparative mythologist who outlined the “monomyth” structure in which a hero answers a call, is assisted by a mentor figure, voyages to another world, survives various trials and emerges triumphant. Bothfilm-makers merrily plundered ancient mythology and folklore. The Marvel universe goes even further, directly appropriating chunks of Greco-Roman and Norse mythology. (This makes Disney's enthusiasm for fierce enforcement of intellectual-property laws, and the seemingly perpetual extension of copyright, somewhat ironic.)The internal mechanics of myths may not have changed much over the ages, but the technology used to impart them certainly has. That highlights Disney's second area of expertise. In Homer's day, legends were passed on in the form of dactylic hexameters; modern myth-makers prefer computer graphics, special effects, 3D projection, surround sound and internet video distribution,among other things. When Disney bought Lucasfilm it did not just acquire the Star Wars franchise; it also gained Industrial Light & Magic, one of the best special-effects houses in the business, whose high-tech wizardry is as vital to Marvel's Avengers films as it is to the Star Wars epics. And when Disney was left behind by the shift to digital animation, it cannily revitalised its own film-making brand by buying Pixar, a firm as pioneering in its field as Walt Disney had been in hand-drawn animation. Moreover, modern myths come in multiple media formats. The Marvel and Star Wars fantasy universes are chronicled in interlocking films, television series, books, graphic novels and video games. Marvel's plans are mapped out until the mid-2020s.But these days myths are also expected to take physical form as toys, merchandise and theme-park rides. This is the third myth-making ingredient. Again, Walt Disney led the way, licensing Mickey Mouse and other characters starting in the 1930s, and opening the original Disneyland park in 1955. Mr Lucas took cinema-related merchandise into a new dimension, accepting a pay cut as director in return for all the merchandising rights to Star Wars—a deal that was to earn him billions. Those rights now belong to Disney, and it is making the most of them: sales of “The Force Awakens” merchandise, from toys to clothing, are expected to be worth up to $5 billion alone in the coming year. In all, more than $32 billion-worth of Star Wars merchandise has been sold since 1977, according to NPD Group, a market-research firm. Even Harry Potter and James Bond are scruffy-looking nerf-herders by comparison.Those other franchises are reminders that Disney's approach is not unique. Other studios are doing their best to imitate its approach. But Disney has some of the most valuable properties and exploits them to their fullest potential. It is particularly good at refreshing and repackaging its franchises to encourage adults to revisit their childhood favourites and, in the process, to introduce them to their own children. This was one reason why Pixar, whose films are known for their cross-generational appeal, was such a natural fit. Now the next generation is being introduced to Star Wars by their nostalgic parents. At the same time, Disney has extended its franchises by adding sub-brands that appeal to particular age groups: children's television series spun off from Star Wars, for example, or darker, more adult tales from the Marvel universe, such as the “Daredevil” and “Jessica Jones” series on.Do, or do not—there is no tryWhat explains the power of all this modern-day mythology? There is more to it than archetypal storytelling, clever technology and powerful marketing. In part, it may fill a void left by the decline of religion in a more secular world. But it also provides an expression for today's fears.T he original “Star Wars” film, in which a band of plucky rebels defeat a technological superpower, was a none-too-subtle inversion of the Vietnam war. The Marvel universe, originally a product of the cold-war era, has adapted well on screen to a post-9/11 world of surveillance and the conspiratorial mistrust of governments, large corporations and the power of technology. Inuncertain times, when governments and military might seem unable to keep people safe or stay honest, audiences take comfort in the idea of superheroes who ride to the rescue. Modern myths also have the power to unify people across generations, social groups and cultures, creating frameworks of shared references even as other forms of media consumption become ever more fragmented.Ultimately, however, these modern myths are so compelling because they tap primordial human urges—for refuge, redemption and harmony. In this respect they are like social-media platforms, which use technology to industrialise social interaction. Similarly, modern myth-making, reliant though it is on new tools and techniques, is really just pushing the same old buttons in stone-age brains. That is something that Walt Disney understood instinctively—and that the company he founded is now exploiting so proficiently.迪士尼星球大战,迪士尼和神话创造一个公司如何成为兜售故事的商业传奇从遥远的星际抵达你周边的电影院—《星球大战7：原力觉醒》这部星战系列的最新影片就在圣诞期间上映，不容错过。
高三英语课文04
Scientists continue to develop new types of plants which produce heavier crops. They are also developing new types of plants that can be grown in poor soil or even sand, and that are less likely to be attacked by pests and diseases.
王兵: 嗨，卡尔，你点菜了吗？
CARL: No, I'm just looking at the menu. Are you hungry?
卡尔：还没有，我正在看菜单。你饿了吧？
WB: Yes, I sure am. I got up late and went without breakfast. Right now I could eat an ox.
总之，饥饿是当今世界的一大问题。究竟有多少人在挨饿，没有人能够说得清楚。但是，据认为，世界上有五亿人，也就是十个人中有一个，吃不饱饭。每年饿死的人大约有4,000万。
Various things can be done to increase the food supply in the world. The area of farmland can be increased by irrigation. Take the Aswan Dam in Egypt for example, where desert land can now be used for growing crops. The same has happened in the west of the USA, particularly for the growing of fruit. Farmers can increase their corn crops three times simply by watering their fields. In Europe, Holland continues to increase its area of farmland by pumping water from low-lying areas.
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
We must pay the cost of carbon if we are to cut it让每一个人都有减排的动力Shouldn’t we be doing more to respond to the climate emergency? It’s a natural question to ask. But, perhaps, we should turn the question around, and ask: why haven’t we solved the climate change problem already?为了应对气候紧急状态，我们难道不应该多做一点事情？这是个很自然的问题。
然而，也许我们应该反过来问：为什么我们还没有解决气候变化问题？Economics suggests a ready answer: externalities. Unfortunately, the concept of externalities is a century old, and it shows. So why do economists persist in using this dusty old term, and is it still useful?经济学给出了一个现成的答案：外部性。
可是，外部性的概念存在了一个世纪之久，而且得到了印证。
那么，经济学家们为什么还要使用这个陈旧的术语呢？它是否仍然有用？An externality is a cost — or sometimes, a benefit — that is not borne by either the buyer or the seller of a product. And, if neither has to bear the cost, neither has much reason to care.外部性是一种成本（有时是一种好处），是产品的买方和卖方都无需承担的成本。
《新交际英语阅读教程4》参考译文U7 Economy and Trade 文章翻译
第七单元译文Part B去全球化到底发生了什么?托马斯·P·M·巴奈特1 在严重的危机中，冷静的头脑很少会占据主导地位——至少在公共话语中是这样。
因此，就在一年前，我们从许多专家——以及兴高采烈的活动人士——那里听到，全球化正处于垂死边缘:全球经济正面临一场大规模永久性解体。
这将是对20世纪90年代活跃的全球化所具有的一切特征的一种不可阻挡的和确切的逆转，充满了最高层次的社会和政治动荡。
在有效地重现上世纪30年代大萧条(Great Depression)的过程中，我们甚至面临着重新爆发大国战争的不可思议的前景。
2 这种充满恐惧的视角并不局限于边缘。
《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal)引用了“转向内部的危险”，而《经济学人》(The Economist)则哀叹“世界一体化在几乎所有方面都在后退”。
《华盛顿邮报》同样提到了“全球经济正在衰退”，而《新共和》则警告说，“如果你认为全球化正在破坏稳定，那就等着看去全球化会带来什么后果吧。
”用作家瓦尔登·贝娄(Walden Bellow)的话来说，全球化“最终名誉扫地”。
人们普遍认为，贝娄创造了“去全球化”一词。
3 唉，现实世界显然没有领会到这一点。
4 在一定程度上，去全球化确实发生了，其中包括大量外来工的反向流动，从而减少了流向较贫穷经济体的至关重要的全球汇款。
然而，发达经济体在2009年设法小幅增加了对世界贫困人口的官方发展援助，尽管国民总收入出现了损失，消费、财富持有量和政府信用都大幅下降。
5 与此同时，崛起的主要经济体的发展严重停滞，而他们对能源和商品的需求却依然飙升，这种需求继续支撑着大量的发展中经济体的发展。
总而言之，全球化首次真正意义上的全球性衰退提醒所有人，贫穷仍然是件糟糕的事情，生活在充满活力、积极进取的经济体中(或依赖于贸易)要好得多。
6 至于陷入广泛的政治和军事混乱，我们当然认为欧盟正处于生存危机之中——确切地说，这不是一个新景象。
英文外刊对英语专业学生的重要性及其精读方法——以《经济学人》为例
172020年20期总第512期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS英文外刊对英语专业学生的重要性及其精读方法——以《经济学人》为例文/吴彦泽【摘要】当今英语专业学生不仅要掌握相应的英语语言知识，还要以语言为媒介更好地了解英语国家的社会与文化，发挥英语在全球化大背景下起到的桥梁作用。
英文外刊涵盖面广、时效性强，因此阅读英文外刊不仅可以提升学生的英语语言运用能力，还可以帮助其更好地了解英语国家社会文化。
本文将从多方面探讨英文外刊对英语专业学生的重要性以及以《经济学人》为例介绍英文外刊的精读方法。
【关键词】英文外刊；英语专业；重要性；精读方法【作者简介】吴彦泽，山东师范大学外国语学院。
大量的语言输入是学习好一种语言的前提，而阅读又在语言输入的方式中占据了举足轻重的地位。
对于英语专业的学生来说，大量的地道英语也就是我们常说的“authentic English”的输入显得尤为重要。
那么应该通过阅读什么材料来获得地道的英语输入呢？读英文外刊。
英文外刊内容包罗万象，题材丰富多彩并且时效性强，紧密结合当下英语国家社会时事热点。
通过阅读英文外刊，英语专业学生可以更好地了解当下英语国家的社会与文化。
一、英文外刊对英语专业学生的重要性1.英文外刊的重要性在《高等学校英语专业教学大纲》中的体现。
在英语专业四级考试中，阅读理解的分值为20分，占到了总分数的20%。
而在2015修改过后的《高校英语专业八级考试大纲中》，更是将英语专业八级考试中阅读理解的分数从20分提高到了30分，占到了考试总分值的30%。
英语专业四级、专业八级考试对于英语专业学生的重要性不言而喻，一定程度上是学生未来工作的一块敲门砖。
阅读能力也反映了英语专业学生的英语综合能力。
而英语专业四级考试、英语专业八级考试阅读理解题目的选材有很大一部分是来自于像《经济学人》这样的英文外刊。
由此我们不难看出，加强对英文外刊的阅读训练可以提高英语专业学生的英语能力。
2.关注文章中词汇的运用。
662.6月英语四级阅读理解(二)翻译
2021年6月英语四级阅读理解〔二〕翻译Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring。
一些世界上最有影响的问题从不上头条新闻。
其中一个例子就是农业问题。
粮食暴动和饥饿产生新闻，但躺在这些问题背后的趋势却很少被谈及。
这是因为一些世界主要农作物产区的产量在下降。
蒙特利尔的明尼苏达和麦吉尔大学的一项新研究着眼于研究这种正在发生的下降趋势在哪，还有多远。
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans(大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that tood place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s。
新发展大学英语阅读与写作4课文翻译Looking good by doing good寻找好行善
Looking good by doing good[Jan 15th 2009]Economics focusLooking good by doing goodJan 15th 2009From The Economist print editionRewarding people for their generosity may be counterproductiveIllustration by Jac Depczyk A LARGE plaque in the foyer of Boston’s Institute for Contemporary Art (ICA), a museum housed in a dramatic glass and metal building on the harbour’s edge, identifies its most generous patron s. Visitors who stop to look will notice that some donors—including two who gave the ICA over $2.5m—have chosen not to reveal their names. Such reticence is unusual: less than 1% of private gifts to charity are anonymous. Most people (including the vast majority of the ICA’s patrons) want their good deeds to be talked about. In “Richistan”, a book on America’s new rich, Robert Frank writes of the several society publications in Florida’s Palm Beach which exist largely to publicise the charity of its well-heeled residents (at least before Bernard Madoff’s alleged Ponzi scheme left some of them with little left to give).As it turns out, the distinction between private and public generosity is helpful in understanding what motivates people to give money to charities or donate blood, acts which are costly to the doer and primarily benefit others. Such actions are widespread, and growing. The $306 billion that Americans gave to charity in 2007 was more than triple the amount donated in 1965. And though a big chunk of this comes from plutocrat s like Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, whose philanthropy has attracted much attention, modest earners also give generously of their time and money. A 2001 survey found that 89% of American households gave to charity, and that 44% of adults volunteered the equivalent of 9m full-time jobs. Tax break s explain some of the kindness of strangers. But by no means all.Economists, who tend to think self-interest governs most actions of man, are intrigue d, and have identified several reasons to explain good deeds of this kind. Tax breaks are, ofcourse, one of the main ones, but donors are also sometimes paid directly for their pains, and the mere thought of a thank-you letter can be enough to persuade others to cough up. Some even act out of sheer altruism. But most interesting is another explanation, which is that people do good in part because it makes them look good to those whose opinions they care about. Economists call this “image motivation”.Dan Ariely of Duke University, Anat Bracha of Tel Aviv University, and Stephan Meier of Columbia University sought, through experiments, to test the importance of image motivation, as well as to gain insights into how different motivating factors interact. Their results, which they report in a new paper*, suggest that image motivation matters a lot, at least in the laboratory. Even more intriguingly, they find evidence that monetary incentives can actually reduce charitable giving when people are driven in part by a desire to look good in others’ eyes.The crucial thing about charity as a means of image building is, of course, that it can work only if others know about it and think positively of the charity in question. So, the academics argue, people should give more when their actions are public.To test this, they conducted an experiment where the number of times participants clicked an awkward combination of computer keys determined how much money was donated on their behalf to the American Red Cross. Since 92% of participants thought highly of the Red Cross, giving to it could reasonably be assumed to make people look good to their peers. People were randomly assigned to either a private group, where only the participant knew the amount of the donation, or a public group, where the participant had to stand up at the end of the session and share this information with the group. Consistent with the hypothesis that image mattered, participants exerted much greater effort in the public case: the average number of clicks, at 900, was nearly double the average of 517 clicks in the private case.However, the academics wanted to go a step further. In this, they were influenced by the theoretical model of two economists, Roland Benabou, of Princeton University, and Jean Tirole, of Toulouse University’s Institut d’Economie Industrielle, who formalised the idea that if people do good to look good, introducing monetary or other rewards into the mix might complicate matters. An observer who sees someone getting paid for donating blood, for example, would find it hard to differentiate between the donor’s intrinsic “goodness” and his greed.Blood moneyThe idea that monetary incentives could be counterproductive has been around at least since 1970, when Richard Titmuss, a British social scientist, hypothesised that paying people to donate blood would reduce the amount of blood that they gave. But Mr Ariely and his colleagues demonstrate a mechanism through which such confound ing effects could operate. They presumed that the addition of a monetary incentive should have much less of an impact in public (where it muddle s the image signal of an action) than in private (where the image is not important). By adding a monetary reward for participants to theirexperiment, the academics were able to confirm their hypothesis. In private, being paid to click increased effort from 548 clicks to 740, but in public, there was next to no effect. The trio also raise the possibility that cleverly designed rewards could actually draw out more generosity by exploiting image motivation. Suppose, for example, that rewards were used to encourage people to support a certain cause with a minimum donation. If that cause then publicised those who were generous well beyond the minimum required of them, it would show that they were not just “in it for the money”. Behavioural economics may yet provide charities with some creative new fund-raising techniques.寻找好行善[ 2009年1月15日]经济焦点寻找好行善2009年1月15日来自经济学人印刷版回报人民的慷慨可能会适得其反插图由江淮Depczyk在波士顿当代艺术学院（ICA ），装在一个巨大的玻璃和金属建筑海港的边缘博物馆大厅一个大匾，确定其最慷慨的赞助人。
1带翻译
1、1、金融用语：受取手形：应收票据；外貨ポジジョン：外汇头寸；公定歩合：法定贴现率；最割引率：再贴现率；つなぎ融資：过渡性融资；変動為替レート：浮动汇率2、股市用语：上げ幅：升幅；先安：看跌；そこを割る：跌破最低大关；持ち合い：暂告平息；軟調：疲软3、缩略语：ADBゕジゕ開発銀行（亚洲开发银行）；CIEC 国際経済協力会議（国际经济合作会议）；GA TT関税貿易一般協定（国际关税和贸易总协定）；FAO 国連食料農業機構（联合国粮农组织）；IMF 国際通貨基金（国际货币基金组织）；JICA国際協力事業団（日本国际事业协力团）OPEC石油輸出国機構（石油输出国组织）；UNDP国連開発計画（联合国开发计划署）一、经济类文章○円の国際化変動相場制の第二の不均衡は、日本の貿易収支の大幅な黒字である。
確かに第二次石油ショックの直後こそ貿易収支は赤字またはわずかな黒字だったが、数年後には大幅黒字が復活している。
79年の第二次石油ショックの後も、79－80年こそ、貿易収支は２０億ドル前後の赤字、経常収支は大幅の赤字だったが、81年以降再び黒字を増やし、83年には経常収支も黒字となった。
85年、86年は貿易収支各461億ドル、828億ドル、経常収支は各350億ドル、492億ドルの黒字である。
普通ならとっくに円高となってよさそうだが、そうならなかったのは、日本からゕメリカへ莫大な金利稼ぎの長期資本が流出したからである。
この時期の貿易黒字の急増は、日本の輸出努力とともに、ゕメリカのドル高のあおりを受けたと見るのが正しいだろう。
かつては通貨レートは貿易の動きに依存していたが、現在では、資本収支の動きが大きな影響を持つようになっている。
それだけに、貿易摩擦問題が通貨レート調整によって解決する見通しは少ない。
むしろ日本側は、経常収支の黒字を対外投資の推進に振り向け、円高を避けてきた。
实行浮动汇率制度的第二个不均衡问题是日本的贸易收支顺差大幅度。
考研英语《经济学人》翻译实践+词汇积累
考研英语《经济学⼈》翻译实践+词汇积累（6）This picture of dedication and loneliness stands in sharp contrast to the popular image. Mr Zhang says he is as disgusted as the general public is with official corruption. He notes that, like many civil servants, he works in a job without the kind of power that could be abused. The leaders in his office work longer hours than he does and still ride bicycles to work.虽尽⼼尽⼒，但总感到孤独，与⼤众对公务员的印象形成鲜明对⽐。
Zhang Minfu说，与普通⼤众⼀样，⾃⼰也痛恨贪腐。
他特别提醒，如同众多公务员那般，⾃⼰没有可滥⽤的职权。
其办公室的领导⼯作时间⽐他还长，现在仍是蹬车上班。
译后习得Dedication解释：V-T If you say that someone has dedicated themselves to something, you approve of the fact that they have decided to give a lot of time and effort to it because they think that it is important.投⾝举例：For the next few years, she dedicated herself to her work.随后的⼏年⾥，她全⾝⼼地投⼊⼯作。
解释：ADJ投⾝于…的举例：He's quite dedicated to his students.他奉献很多给他的学⽣们。
3英语阅读-经济学人《Economics》双语版-Foodfirmsandfat-fighters
（2）：食品公司与减肥斗士【翻译交流】Feb 9th 2006From The Economist Global AgendaFood firms and fat-fighters食品公司与减肥斗士Five leading food companies have introduced a labelling scheme for their products in the British market, in an attempt to assuage critics who say they encourage obesity. But consumer groups are unhappy all the same. Is the food industry, like tobacco before it, about to be *engulfed[1]by a wave of lawsuits brought on health grounds?五家业内领先的食品公司采取了一项方案，就是在其投入英国市场的食品上作出标注，力图堵住那些说他们鼓励肥胖的批评人士的嘴。
不过，消费者团体仍然不开心。
食品业会像之前的烟草一样，被卷入一场关乎健康的诉讼之中吗？KEEPING fit requires a combination of healthy eating and regular exercise. On the second of these at least, the world’s food companies can claim to be setting a good example :they have been working up quite a sweat in their attempts to fend off assaults by governments, consumer groups and lawyers who accuse them of peddling products that encourage obesity. This week saw the unveiling of another industry initiative :five leading food producers—Danone, Kellogg, Nestlé, Kraft and PepsiCo—introduced a labelling scheme for the British market which will show “guideline daily amounts” for calories, fats, sugar and salt on packaging. The new labels will start to appear on the firms’ crisps, chocolate bars, cheese slices *and the like[2] over the next few months. A number of other food giants, such as Cadbury Schweppes and Masterfoods, have already started putting guideline labels on their products.将健康的饮食习惯和经常性的锻炼二者结合才可以让身体保持健康。
考研英语《经济学人》选读
考研英语《经济学人》选读在考研英语的备考过程中，阅读部分的重要性不言而喻。
而《经济学人》作为一份具有广泛影响力和高质量内容的英文刊物，成为众多考研学子提升阅读能力和积累语言素材的重要资源。
《经济学人》涵盖了政治、经济、科技、文化等多个领域的内容，其文章不仅语言地道、表达精准，还具有深刻的见解和独特的视角。
通过阅读《经济学人》，考生可以接触到丰富多样的话题，从而拓宽自己的知识面和思维广度。
首先，从语言层面来看，《经济学人》中的词汇丰富且用法灵活。
很多考研英语词汇在《经济学人》的文章中都能找到生动的运用实例。
比如，“proliferation”（激增；扩散）这个相对较难的词汇，在一篇关于新兴技术快速发展的文章中可能就会出现“the proliferation of artificial intelligence”这样的表述。
再比如，“mitigate”（减轻；缓和）这个词，可能会在讨论环境问题的文章里被用到，如“measures to mitigate climate change”。
除了词汇，《经济学人》中的句子结构也十分多样，既有简单明了的短句，也有复杂冗长的长句。
长句的分析和理解对于提升考研英语阅读中的长难句分析能力至关重要。
例如：“Despite the challenges posed by the economic downturn and the uncertainties brought about by geopolitical tensions, the company managed to maintain a steady growth rate by implemen ting innovative strategies and leveraging its core competencies”这样的长句包含了多种从句和短语，通过对其结构的剖析和理解，能够帮助考生更好地应对考研英语阅读中的类似句子。
经济学人(英语文章带翻译)
Nice work if you can get out 谁都不愿摊上这种好事Free exchange自由交流Why the rich now have less leisure than the poor为什么当今富人的休闲时间比穷人还少Apr 19th 2014 | From the print edition1 FOR most of human history rich people had the most leisure. In “Downton Abbey”, a drama a bout the British upper classes of the early 20th century, one aloof aristocrat has never heard of the term “weekend”: for her, every day is filled with leisure. On the flip side, the poor have typically slogged. Hans-Joachim Voth, an economichistorian at the University of Zurich, shows that in 1800 the average English worker laboured for 64 hours a week. “In the 19th century you could tell how poor somebody was by how long they worked,” says Mr Voth.”2 In today's advanced economies things are different. O verall working hours have fallen over the past century. But the rich have begun to work longer hours than the poor. In 1965 men with a college degree, who tend to be richer, had a bit more leisure time than men who had only completed high school. But by 2005 the college-educated had eight hours less of it a week than the high-school grads. Figures from the American Time Use Survey, released last year, show that Americans with abachelor's degree or above work two hours more each day than those without a high-school diploma. Other research shows that the share of college-educated American men regularly working more than 50 hours a week rose from 24% in 1979 to 28% in 2006, but fell for high-school dropouts. The rich, it seems, are no longer the class of leisure.3 There are a number of explanations. One has to do with what economists call the “substitution effect”. Higher wages make leisure moreexpensive: if people take time off they give up more money. Since the 1980s the salaries of those at the top have risen strongly, while those below the median have stagnated or fallen. Thus rising inequality encourages the rich to work more and the poor to work less.，4 The “winner-takes-all” nature of modern economies may amplify the substitution effect. The scale of the global market means businessesthat innovate tend to reap huge gains (think of YouTube, Apple and Goldman Sachs). The returns for beating your competitors can be enormous. Research from Peter Kuhn of the University of California, Santa Barbara, and Fernando Lozano of Pomona College shows that the same is true for highly skilled workers. Although they do not immediately get overtimepay for “extra” hours, the most successful workers, often the ones putting in the most hours, may reap gains from winner-takes-all markets. Whereas in the early 1980s a man working 55 hours a week earned 11% more than a man putting in 40 hours in the same type of occupation, that gap had increased to 25% by the turn of the 5 Economists tend to assume that the substitution effec t must at some stage be countered by an “income effect”: as higher wages allow people to satisfy more of their material needs, they forgo extra work and instead choose more leisure. Abillionaire who can afford his own island has little incentive to work that extra hour. But new social mores may have flipped the income effect on its head.6 The status of work and leisure in the rich world has changed since the days of “Downton Abbey”. Back in 1899 Thorstein Veblen, an American economist who dabbled in sociology, offered his take on things. He argued that leisure was a “badge of honour”. Rich people could get others to do the dirty, repetitive work—what Veblen called “industry”. Yet Veblen's leisure class was not idle. Rather they engaged in“exploit”: challe nging and creative activities such as writing, philanthropy and debating.7 Veblen's theory needs updating, according to a recent paper from researchers at Oxford University*. Work in advanced economies has become more knowledge-intensive and intellectual. There are fewer really dull jobs, like lift-operating, and more glamorous ones, like fashion design. That means more people than ever can enjoy “exploit” at the office. Work has come to offer the sort of pleasures that rich people used to seek in their time off. On the flip side, leisure is no longer a sign of social power. Instead it symbolises uselessness and unemployment.8 The evidence backs up the sociological theory. The occupations inwhich people are least happy are manual and service jobs requiringlittle skill. Job satisfaction tends to increase with the prestige ofthe occupation. Research by Arlie Russell Hochschild of the Universityof California, Berkeley, suggests that as work becomes moreintellectually stimulating, people start to enjoy it more than home life. “I come to work to relax,” one interviewee tells Ms Hochschild. And wealthy people often feel that lingering at home is a waste of time. A study in 2006 revealed that Americans with a household income of more than $100,000 indulged in 40% less “passive leisure” (such as watching TV) than those earning less than $20,000.Condemned to relax休闲是无奈之举9 What about less educated workers? Increasing leisure time probably reflects a deterioration in their employment prospects as low-skill and manual jobs have withered. Since the 1980s, high-school dropouts have fared badly in the labour market. In 1965 the unemployment rate of American high-school graduates was 2.9 percentage points higher than forthose with a bachelor's degree or more. Today it is 8.4 points higher. “Less educated people are not necessarily buying their way into leisure,” explains Erik Hurst of the University of Chicago. “Some of that time off work may be involuntary.” There may also be change in the income effect for those on low wages. Information technology, by opening a vast world of high-quality and cheap home entertainment, means that low-earners do not need to work as long to enjoy a reasonably satisfying leisure.从历史上来看，但凡富人都是最闲的。
养生如何走向世界作文
养生如何走向世界作文英文回答：In recent years, the concept of healthy living has gained increasing popularity worldwide. People from different countries and cultures are becoming more aware of the importance of taking care of their physical and mental well-being. As a result, the idea of "养生" (yǎng shēng) in Chinese culture is also gaining recognition and interest globally.养生(yǎng shēng), which literally means "nurturing life" in Chinese, refers to a holistic approach to health and wellness. It encompasses various practices and principles that aim to maintain and enhance one's overall well-being. These practices include proper nutrition, regular exercise, stress management, and the use of traditional Chinese medicine.One of the reasons why 养生(yǎng shēng) is gainingpopularity worldwide is its emphasis on prevention rather than cure. In Western medicine, the focus is often on treating diseases and symptoms after they occur. However, in traditional Chinese medicine, the emphasis is on maintaining balance and harmony in the body to prevent diseases from occurring in the first place. This preventive approach resonates with many people who are looking for ways to improve their health and well-being naturally.Another reason for the global interest in 养生(yǎng shēng) is th e increasing recognition of the mind-body connection. Many traditional Chinese practices, such as tai chi and qigong, emphasize the importance of cultivating a calm and focused mind along with physical exercises. This mind-body approach is now being recognized and adopted in various cultures around the world, as more and more scientific research supports the positive effects of practices like meditation and mindfulness.Furthermore, the growing popularity of Chinese cuisine and herbal remedies has also contributed to the global interest in 养生(yǎng shēng). Traditional Chinesecuisine is known for its emphasis on fresh ingredients, balanced flavors, and the use of various herbs and spices with medicinal properties. Many people are nowincorporating elements of Chinese cuisine into their diets to improve their overall health and well-being.In conclusion, 养生(yǎng shēng) is making its way into the world due to its preventive approach to health, recognition of the mind-body connection, and the popularity of Chinese cuisine and herbal remedies. As more people realize the benefits of adopting a holistic approach to health and wellness, the concept of 养生(yǎng shēng)will continue to gain traction globally.中文回答：近年来，养生的概念在世界范围内越来越受到关注。
《富足的终结：努力养活更多人口》(节译)翻译实践报告
《富足的终结：努力养活更多人口》（节译）翻译实践报告本项目选自小乔尔·K·伯恩(Joel K.Bourne Jr.)于2015年出版的《富足的终结:努力养活更多人口》(The End of Plenty:The Race to Feed a Crowded World),该书主要讲述了全球各时期的粮食问题以及人们应对粮食危机所采取的措施,并结合具体例子进行分析。
译者选取了前三章进行翻译。
该部分主要讲述了人口、自然灾害及政府政策是造成饥荒的原因,以及各国应对饥荒的努力与尝试。
翻译该书,通过书中真实的数据及例子,让人们意识到粮食问题的严重性。
本报告主要阐述了译者对原文的分析与理解以及翻译的过程。
首先,原文在遣词造句上有自己独特的特点,文中出现了大量人名、地名以及著作的名称,译者通过查阅相关专业字典及网络资料,找到对应的约定俗成的中文翻译。
同时文中涉及到一些专业领域的描写,译者阅读了相关的中文文本,使翻译尽量准确。
其次,文中长难句居多,但也掺杂着一些短句,同时有一些常见的词,其意思需结合具体语境分析,译者在案例分析这一章中重点分析了这几点,主要采用了增译、删减、词性转换、重组等多种技巧,以求译文尽量贴合目标语的使用习惯。
通过对此次翻译项目的分析,译者得出了以下结论:1.在翻译人名、地名以及专业词汇时,要尽可能查找相关资料,对比平行文本,尽力做到准确,同时,了解相关专业知识和背景信息对理解原文和准确翻译也有着至关重要的作用;2.在翻译一些常见的词汇时,不要拘泥于其字面意思,应结合语境分析,灵活处理,使译文更加地道、准确;3.在处理句子翻译时,对于简单句,应弄清前后逻辑关系,而翻译长难句时,应分析句子结构,综合运用增译、删减、词性转换、拆分重组等多种翻译技巧进行处理。
让我们养活世界填饱90亿人的肚子不是问题
让我们养活世界填饱90亿人的肚子不是问题At dinner with a friend the other night, I mentioned that I was giving a talk this week debunking the idea that we need to grow more food on a large scale so we can “feed the nine billion” — the anticipated global population by 2050.不久前和一位朋友共进晚餐时，我提到自己要在本周发表演讲，揭穿这样一个误解：只有大幅提高粮食产量，才能“填饱90亿人的肚子”——90亿是预计中的2050年全球人口。
She looked at me, horrified, and said, “But how are you going to produce enough food to feed the hungry?”她非常错愕地看着我，说道：“但如何才能有足够多的粮食，让饿肚子的人吃饱饭呢？”I suggested she try this exercise: “Put yourself in the poorest place you can think of. Imagine yourself in the Democratic Republic of Congo, for example. Now. Are you hungry? Are you going to go hungry? Are you going to have a problem finding food?”我建议她试着感受一下：假设你呆在你想得出来的最贫穷的地方。
比方说，假设你正置身于刚果民主共和国(Democratic Republic of Congo)。
那么你感觉饿吗？你将会食不果腹吗？找起食物来会有什么问题吗？The answer, obviously, is “no.” Because she — and almost all of you reading this — would be standing in that country with some $20 bills and a wallet filled with credit cards. And you would go buy yourself something to eat.答案显然是否定的。
如何养活世界(来自经济学人的英语阅读精品,含翻译)
[2009.11.17]How to feed the world如何养活世界Nov 19th 2009From The Economist print editionBusiness as usual will not do it一切照旧已不再可行IN 1974 Henry Kissinger, then America’s secretary of state, told the first world food conference in Rome that no child would go to bed hungry within ten years. Just over 35 years later, in the week of another United Nations food summit in Rome, 1 billion people will go to bed hungry.1974年，在罗马举行的第一届世界粮食会议上，当时的美国国务卿亨利•基辛格宣称10年内将没有小孩再饿着肚子入睡。
而35年之后的罗马，在又一届联合国粮食峰会在罗马召开的这一周内，仍有10亿人饿着肚子上床睡觉。
This failure, already dreadful, may soon get worse. None of the underlying agricultural problems which produced a spike in food prices in 2007-08 and increased the number of hungry people has gone away. Between now and 2050 the world’s populat ion will rise by a third, but demand for agricultural goods will rise by 70% and demand for meat will double. These increases are in a sense good news in that they are a result of rising wealth in poor and middle-income countries. But they will have to happen without farmers clearing large amounts of new land (there is some scope for expansion, but not much) or using up lots more water (in parts of the world, water supplies are stretched to their limit or beyond). Moreover, they will take place while farmers also wrestle with the consequences of climate change, which, on balance, will do more harm than good to farmland round the world.这样的失败虽已甚为可怕，但很快将会变得更糟。
流畅阅读《经济学人》的第一步！10分钟学习164词的浓缩英文
流畅阅读《经济学人》的第一步！10分钟学习164词的浓缩英文每天清晨15分钟，史蒂文老师带你喝一杯经济学人浓缩咖啡，了解天下事，掌握核心词。
这是 Economist Espresso 栏目的第 17 篇精选文章：史蒂文老师制作的音频，建议您先听 1 遍20180212 札幌冰雕展如火如荼.mp31:44来自史蒂文爱学习打开今日头条，体验完整音频内容背景音乐选自《冰雪奇缘》主题曲 Let It Go第一步请先用 2 分钟阅读原文，不要查生词全文约 164 个单词Frozen friezes: snow and ice artThe weather outside is frightful, but the residents of Sapporo on Hokkaido island in Japan are delighted, because the Sapporo snow festival is in full swing. It started in 1950, when local students built six rather impressive snowmen in Odori park.Over the years the sculptures grew, the crowds gathered and the street-food stalls proliferated. Today more than 2m flock to see works up to 15m high and 25m wide, of anything from temples to anime heroes. International teams from Hawaii to Poland compete for a grand prize, this year won by the Thai team for a statue of fighting cockerels.It has been a disappointing season for some ice artists with the cancellation of the Alaska World Ice Art Championships, but fans of frozen forms can get their fill this weekend, not just in Sapporo but also in Harbin in north-eastern China, in Quebec City, in Liège in Belgium, and of course in Pyeongchang.第二步请结合下方词汇表，再读文章第三步现在，请各位读者做两件事：1）在手机或者电脑里开启一个专门的notes，同步到云端，把你每天从中学到的单词、例句，复制粘贴上去，认真记忆；2）试着翻译本文，遇到读不懂的句子，做好标记，然后在评论中找到译文，进行比对。
HowtoGetthePooroffOurConscience翻译Summary
我想反映人类最古老的运动之一，其中连年来的进程，乃至数百年来，咱们已许诺取得过咱们的良心穷人。
富国和穷国一起生活，老是很不舒畅，有时乃至达到危险的，因为时刻的开始。
普鲁塔克率领说：“一个与富国和穷国，是共和国最古老，最致命的疾病。
”而继续合作，从显现的问题的富裕和贫困的存在不平稳，尤其是进程，是好运在他人的恶运存在的理由 - 已经一个世纪知识分子的当务之急。
他们继续如此做咱们自己的时刻。
一开始圣经提出的解决方法：穷人受害那个奇异的世界，但在以后的回报。
在贫困是一种临时的不幸，若是他们是穷人，也温顺，他们最终将继承地球。
这是，在某些方面，一个极好的解决方案。
它许诺富人享受他们的财富，而穷人吃醋他们的以后的财富。
[哈里克鲁斯的“页，从格鲁吉亚的无辜”讨论生活贫困的美化。
]很多，好久以后，在21或30年后，在国富1776年出版的英国工业革命后期黎明的问题及其解决方案开始就其现代形式。
边沁，近现代的亚当斯密，想出了一个方法，以便或许五十年是超级有阻碍力的英国，并在必然程度时，美国的方式。
这是功利主义。
“到有效的原那么，”边沁在1789年说：“是指要紧的批准或不予批准任何行动都依照它的趋势似乎已经以增强或减弱党的利益的问题是幸福。
“德的确必需是自我为中心。
尽管有超级好运气，很多人以极大的恶运更多的社会问题取得解决，只要再次在边沁的话说，有“为大多数人的最大好。
”学会做了最大可能的最好的多少人，一个同意，其结果可能是不幸的许多不愉快的幸福没有送达。
在1830年的一个新公式，在不小程度的阻碍到今天，成为政府取得了对公共良心的穷人提供。
这是与大卫李嘉图，一个股票经纪人，和托马斯罗伯特马尔萨斯，一个神圣的名字。
熟悉的大体条件是：穷人的贫困是穷人的过错。
它是如此，因为这是他们的过度繁衍的产品：他们却严峻失控的欲望使它们繁衍到现有生活的全数限制。
这是马尔萨斯主义。
贫困现象引发了床上意味着富人不是也不该设立或其改良负责。
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[2009.11.17]How to feed the world如何养活世界Nov 19th 2009From The Economist print editionBusiness as usual will not do it一切照旧已不再可行IN 1974 Henry Kissinger, then America’s secretary of state, told the first world food conference in Rome that no child would go to bed hungry within ten years. Just over 35 years later, in the week of another United Nations food summit in Rome, 1 billion people will go to bed hungry.1974年，在罗马举行的第一届世界粮食会议上，当时的美国国务卿亨利•基辛格宣称10年内将没有小孩再饿着肚子入睡。
而35年之后的罗马，在又一届联合国粮食峰会在罗马召开的这一周内，仍有10亿人饿着肚子上床睡觉。
This failure, already dreadful, may soon get worse. None of the underlying agricultural problems which produced a spike in food prices in 2007-08 and increased the number of hungry people has gone away. Between now and 2050 the world’s populat ion will rise by a third, but demand for agricultural goods will rise by 70% and demand for meat will double. These increases are in a sense good news in that they are a result of rising wealth in poor and middle-income countries. But they will have to happen without farmers clearing large amounts of new land (there is some scope for expansion, but not much) or using up lots more water (in parts of the world, water supplies are stretched to their limit or beyond). Moreover, they will take place while farmers also wrestle with the consequences of climate change, which, on balance, will do more harm than good to farmland round the world.这样的失败虽已甚为可怕，但很快将会变得更糟。
现存的农业问题推动了2007-08年粮食价格的上涨，使饥饿人数有所增加，而这些问题无一得到解决。
现在至2050年间，世界人口将增长1/3，但农产品需求将上涨70%，而肉类需求更将翻番。
这些增长在一定意义上是个好消息，因为这是中低收入国家财富增长的结果。
但是伴随这些增长的却是一些不容乐观的景象：农民无法清理出大量的新地（可耕地有扩大的空间，但并不多），更多的水资源会被耗尽（在世界某些地方，供水量已至其极限甚至超过了极限）。
此外，与此同时农民还需应对气候变化造成的影响。
总的来说，气候变化对其全球的耕地来说将是弊大于利的。
It may be too late to avoid another bout of price rises. Despite a global recession and the largest grain harvest on record in 2008, food prices are heading up again. Still, countries have a brief window of opportunity in which to set long-term policy goals without being distracted by panic measures. They need to do two things: invest in the productive capacity of agriculture and improve the operation of food markets.或许想避免下一轮的价格上涨为时已晚。
尽管全球经济衰退，而2008年收获了有记录以来的最大丰收，但食物价格仍再次上扬。
然而，各国仍存在一丝机会，能够在避免恐慌措施的同时，制定长期政策目标。
他们要做两件事：投资增加农业生产能力，改善食物市场运作方式。
Governments have done one but not the other. Over the past year investment has risen faster than anyone expected. But distrust of markets and a reaction against farm trade are growing. Unless governments restrain those impulses, they will undermine the gains from rising investment.政府仅为其一而未做其二。
过去的一年间，投资增速快于任何人预期。
但市场的不信任及对农产品贸易的抵制正在增加。
除非政府能够抑制这股潮流，否则增加的投资收益将为其所破坏。
The quarter-century slumber1/4世纪的沉睡For most of the past 25 years, investment in agriculture has declined relentlessly. In 2005 most developing countries were investing only around 5% of public revenues in farming. The share of Western aid going to agriculture fell by around three-quarters between 1980 and 2006. This disinvestment laid waste to productivity. During the Green Revolution of the 1960s, staple-crop yields were rising by 3-6% a year. Now they are rising by only 1-2% a year; in poor countries, yields are flat.过去25年间的大多时候，农业投资都在无情下跌。
2005年，多数发展中国家公共收入中仅有5%用于投资农业。
西方对农业的援助比例，自1980至2006年间降低了近3/4。
投资缩水导致产能的浪费。
在20世纪60年代绿色革命时期，大宗作物单产一年便提高了3-6%。
而现在一年仅提升1-2%。
在贫困国家，产量并未提高。
Fortunately, the food-price spike of 2007-08 shocked governments out of their quarter-century of neglect. The World Bank and many rich countries have doubled the money they put into poor countries’ farming. In the poor countries themselves, agriculture has gone from being a sideshow for the government—something the minister of agriculture does—into its main event, which everyone needs to worry about. This is as it should be: farming is far and away the single most important economic activity in most poor places.幸运的是，2007-08年间，食物价格的上涨将政府从1/4世纪中的怠惰中惊醒。
世界银行及许多富裕国家成倍增加了其对贫困国家农业的投资力度。
而对贫困国家自身，农业也不再是场仅有农业部长参与的余兴节目，而成为人人都需思考的头等大事。
这才是他所应该成为的样子：农业生产无疑是贫困地区唯一首要的经济活动。
Some of the new splurge of public money is going on safety-net programmes for poor farmers, which are justified on anti-poverty grounds: three-quarters of the world’s poorest live in rural areas. But the money will pay dividends in the long run only if it improves farmers’ access to market. Lack of reliable markets is the biggest barrier to rural development, since without them farmers have little incentive to grow more. So the increase in rural road-building is welcome, asare measures to improve the operations of local markets by (for instance) spreading price information and building grain stores. There is also a case for temporarily subsidising better seeds and fertilisers in places where local markets are failing to provide them: this is an example of correcting market failure.挥霍公款的新作之一便是进行针对贫农的安全网计划。