(完整版)八年级英语动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的用法大全
动词不定式的用法大全动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,通常由“to”加上动词原形构成。
它有多种用法,包括以下几个方面:1. 表示目的或意图,动词不定式可以用来表示一个动作或状态发生的目的或意图。
例如,"She studies hard to pass the exam."(她努力学习是为了通过考试。
)。
2. 作为动词的宾语,动词不定式可以作为另一个动词的宾语。
例如,"I want to learn a new language."(我想学一门新语言。
)。
3. 作为形容词的补语,动词不定式可以作为形容词的补语,用来修饰名词或代词。
例如,"It's important to finish the work on time."(及时完成工作很重要。
)。
4. 作为状语,动词不定式可以用来修饰句子或句子中的动词,表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
例如,"He works hard to support his family."(他努力工作是为了养家糊口。
)。
5. 与情态动词连用,动词不定式可以与情态动词连用,表示不同的情态含义,如推测、必要性、可能性等。
例如,"You should study harder to improve your grades."(你应该更努力学习来提高成绩。
)。
6. 作为主语,动词不定式有时可以作为句子的主语。
例如,"To travel around the world is my dream."(环游世界是我的梦想。
)。
总的来说,动词不定式在句子中具有多种用法,可以表示目的、作为宾语、形容词的补语、状语、与情态动词连用,甚至可以作为句子的主语。
掌握动词不定式的用法对于准确理解和运用英语语法至关重要。
希望这些信息能够帮助你更好地理解动词不定式的用法。
人教版英语八年级上册Unit5(语法全解):动词不定式
动词不定式全解不定式作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake举例:The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2)动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, he lp intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, p romise, want, wish…I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3)动词+疑问词+ todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
初中阶段动词不定式用法总结
初中阶段动词不定式用法总结1.作主语:- To swim is my favorite sport. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
- To learn English well is important for me. 学好英语对我来说很重要。
2.作宾语:- I want to go to the movies. 我想去看电影。
- She loves to read books. 她喜欢读书。
3.作宾补:- My mother asked me to do the chores. 我妈妈叫我做家务。
4.作目的状语:- I studied hard to pass the exam. 我努力学习为了通过考试。
- They went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. 他们去超市买些杂货。
5.作结果状语:- He ran so fast as to win the race. 他跑得非常快以至于赢得了比赛。
- She studied so hard as to get the highest grade. 她学得非常努力以至于获得了最高分。
6.作方式状语:- I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车上学。
7.作定语:- I have a friend to help me. 我有一个朋友来帮助我。
- This is a place to relax. 这是一个放松的地方。
总之,动词不定式在句子中可以作多种语法成分,如主语、宾语、宾补、状语和定语等。
掌握不定式的用法有助于丰富句子的表达方式。
八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理
八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构;有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用;不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等;动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语;一、用作主语多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时;动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末;如:1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. to learn English well is important.see is to believe.眼见为实;百闻不如一见二、用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征;如: best way is to join an English club.first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意ask, choose, agree,期望决定学习expect, hope, decide, learn,宁可假装知道prefer, pretend, know,希望想要愿意wish, want, would like / love;如:1We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3Id love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to;如:1Could you please tell me where to park my car2It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...;如:4. 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态;5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等;后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生;stop to do停下来做另外一件事,to do是目的状语;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing 是宾语;try to do尽力做,try doing试试看;go on to do接着做另外的事,go on doing继续做原来的事;如:1When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.2I stopped using them last year.四、用作定语1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系.1I have so many clothes to wash today.2I can’t think of any good advice to give her.3We have no houses to live in.2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时,不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系;如:1He needs time to do homework.2 He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“there be...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象:1There’s just so much to see and do here.2... but there are still many things to do the五、用作宾语补足语1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:要求允许提议ask, allow, , advise,期望邀请鼓励expect, , invite, encourage,教导告诉想要teach, tell, want,等待希望愿意wait for, wish, would like / love;如:1Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”:look at, observe, see, watch,三“让”:have, let, make,二“听”:hear, listen to,一“感觉”:feel,一“注意”:notice;如:1This picture makes me feel excited2We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带;1 they can help you to learn English.2Using email English helps you write quickly.六、用作状语1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调;如:1In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.2A group of young people got together to discuss this question.3She came to this city to visit her daughter.2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中;如:1 I feel very lucky to have him.2 he ran out of money to buy old bikes.3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enough to...”结构句中;如:1 I’m too tired to do it well.2The room is big enough for three people to live in.七、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”,for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语;这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等;不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质;一般说来,of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性;for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,前面如果是名词用for;如:’s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening.’s wise of him to do it well.3Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog 八、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等;这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用;要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to;如:1.用作句子的成分;1I don’t know what to try next. 作宾语2Where to go is not decided yet.作主语2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句;1What to do next=What will we / you do next2Why go there=Why do we / you go there九、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do...,不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如:decide not to talk to each other.parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.随堂练习一动词填空;’m going to l isten to the radio. Please ____not talkany more. 2. The students ____dotheir homework from four to five this afternoon.3. The students ____bebusy now. They ____havean English exam next Monday.4. Mary must ____lookafter her little sister because she is too young.5. ____heyou waiting for a bus now6. This coat is very cheap. I ____takeit now.7. I’ll tell him about it when he ____comeback.8. Could you tell me ____can getto No 3 Middle school.9. He ____ said that the new teacher ____givethe students an English lesson now.10. I ____milka cow three times.11. Edison’s mother ____teachhim herself.12. He ____watchTV once a week.13. Don’t speak loudly. The baby ____sleep.14. I won’t go out ____finishmy homework.15. Could you tell me when the train ____arrive.16. I often hear the sound of children ____readEnglish in the room.asked me ____helphim with his English this evening.18. Their work is ____cleanthe streets.19. Did he enjoy ____workin China.20. We will stay at home if it _____raintomorrow.21. Be quiet The boy ____singan English song.22. _____ you _____ your homework yetstart23. Who ____teachthem English last term.24. There _____bea telephone call for you just now.25. Please keep everything ____clean.26. Peter won’t have a rest until he ____finishhis work.27. I watched TV, so I ____forget_____domy homework.28. When I ____walkalong the river ,I met my friend,Tom.29. When Mother came ,the little girl ____playwith a cat.30. When I was five,I _ __ _getto know the earth ____movearound the sun.31. They _____seea boy _____fallinto the river while they ____passit yesterday.32. _____studyhard at your lessons andnot talkin class.33. You _____havebetter _____not eatthe bad food.34. While I ___do my homework,my parents __watchTV.35. He ____ not finish____readthe book.36. I ____getup very early this morning. I ____readEnglish now.37. He ____hurryto school every morning.38. Our teacher ____not stop____workuntil eleven o’clock last night.39. If he ____knowit ,he ____bevery happy.40. It ____takeus half an hour ____readEnglish every day.41. The children ____runin the street now.42. There ____betwo meetings tomorrow morning.43. My father ____sleepwhen I ____getup this morning.44. When I ____goto see Tom, he ____not writeanything.45. Sorry, when you ____callme, I ____thinkand ____not hearyou.46. Mr. Green ____leavehis notebook at home yesterday.47. I ____wantto buy a new coat next Sunday.48. His father ____readnewspaper when I got there.49. It ____befive years since he ____buythe motorbike.50. We found it was very difficult ____geta car.are so glad ________ hear the news.saw him ________ cross the road safely and ________ run away. can’t make him ________ do what you want.don’t know where ________ meet him.makes you ________ think I’m a farmeryou see him ________ go upstairsis better ________ put your money in a bank.is difficult for the boy ________ swim across the river.let him ________ go early as he wanted ________ meet his uncle at the station.you help me ________ move the bedhe doesn’t know, how ________ use the recorder, you’d better ________ show him.is the last one ________ leave the office every day.’s bad manners ________ shout in public.boy is old enough ________ dress himself.is too ill ________ go to school.二选择题1. Tell him ___ the window.A. to close notB. not to closeC. to not closeD. not close2. Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning3. You'd better _______the story in Japanese.A. sayB. speakC. tellD. talk4. The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating5. ---- I usually go there by train.---- Why not ___ by boat for a changeA. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going6. There are some books on the floor, would you like ________A. to pick them upB. to pick up themC. pick it upD. pick up it7. She is very ill, let's _______a doctor at once.A. to wake upB. send forC. to pay forD. pay for8. I want ________a teacher when I grow up.A. to beB. toC. beD. being9. It's cold here. You'd better ______ your coat.A. not take outB. not to take downC. not take offD. not to take away10. My mother told me ________more water.A. drinkingB. drankC. to drinkD. drink。
UC头条:八年级上册英语语法:最全动词不定式的用法详解
UC头条:八年级上册英语语法:最全动词不定式的用法详解点击加载图片八年级上册英语语法:最全动词不定式的用法详解一、动词不定式的用法动词不定式的定义:(1)含有动词(2)to+do(动词原形)结构(3)是非谓语动词动词不定式可充当的成分:(1)主语(2)宾语(3)定语(4)状语(5)宾补(6)表语注意:动词不定式是非谓语动词,不能作谓语(一)动词不定式作主语作主语,可以用it代替,it叫形式主语,动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语1.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnafor eignlanguage.2.It’sdangeroustodriveveryfast.Tohaveawalkisgoodforyou.散步是对你有益的。
主语系动词表语解析:haveawalk(散步)是动词短语,不能直接作主语;Tohaveawalk(散步)是动词不定式,可作主语(二)动词不定式作宾语1.如果宾语太长,可用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语(名词或形容词)+todosth”结构,谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。
Ithinkit'stooeasytosolvethisproblem.我认为解决这个问题太简单了。
Ifounditdifficulttostophim.我发现拦截他很困难。
Iwanttohaveawalk.(我)〈想要〉{去散步}。
(主语)〈谓词〉{宾语}解析:动词不定式tohaveawalk(去散步)是want(想要)的内容,作want(想要)的宾语2.常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree同意/hope希望/decide决定/need需要/mean打算/wish希望/fail(失败)/want想要/begin开始/wouldlike想要/Ask请求/beg乞求/leave离开/like/love喜欢/hate(讨厌)/prefer宁愿/order命令/teach教/tell/告诉/believe相信/find/找出/know/知道/want/想要/think认为/understand明白,理解,懂得3.后面跟动词不定式的动词口诀有:1)三个希望两答应wishhopewantpromisagree2)两个要求莫拒绝askbegrefuse3)想要明白与知道wouldlikeunderstandknow4)教会告诉要相信teachtellbelieve5)找出爱恨区别点findlovehateHehasdecidedtogotothecountryside.他已决心去乡下。
(完整版)非谓语动词(不定式)的用法
非谓语动词(动词不定式的具体用法)Step1. 动词不定式的3大语法功能(1)不定式可充当主语,宾语,表语,具有名词的功能.(2)不定式可充当后置定语或宾语补足语,具有形容词的功能.(3)不定式可充当状语,具有副词的功能..Step2.不定式的构成,即:“不定式符号to+动词原形”.Step3. 不定式的否定式,否定词一定放在不定式符号之前,即:“not/never+不定式+动词原形.一,不定式作主语的用法.特点:“to+动词原形”所形成的形式具有名词功能.名词可在句中充当主语,宾语或者表语,同理,不定式也有相同的功能.1. 不定式作主语的特点:(1)可以表示一种意愿或未完成的事.(2)谓语动词用单数.E g: To win the championship is my ambition.主语系动词表语译文:赢得冠军是我的雄心.E g: To master a foreign language is necessary.主语系动词表语译文:掌握一门外语是有必要的.E g: To become President of the United States used to be my goal.主语谓语宾语译文:过去我的梦想是成为美国总统2. 不定式作主语时,be动词之后的表语若是名词,一定是表示意愿,目的,企图等名词,用来表示尚未完成的事情.常见的此类名词有:plan(计划), purpose(目的),attempt(企图),goal(目标), aim(目的), ambition(雄心),dream(梦想), ideal(理想), wish(希望/愿望),hope(希望), decision(决定),determination (决定),proposal(提议/建议).E g: To speak perfect English is always my dream主语系动词表语译文:说一口流利的英语一直是我的梦想.3. 由于不定式短语作主语,显得主语过长,为了避免头重脚轻,达到句子平衡,把不定式短语放在句末,在原来主语的位置上“it”代替,形式上占一个主语的位置,称之为形式主语,不定式称为真正的主语.E g: It is necessary to protect the environment.形式主语系动词表语不定式作真正主语译文:保护环境是有必要的.4. 不定式作主语的两种特殊结构(1)句型:It is +adj(形容词)+of sb +to do sth.(2) 句型:It is +adj(形容词)+for sb +to do sth.特点和区别:(1)若形容词表示人的本质特征,特性,就用“of”引出的不定式的逻辑主语.A:表示人的本质特征和特性的形容词有:“good; nice; clever; wise; foolish; silly; stupid; rude; (im)polite , careless; careful; affable.E g: It is very affable of you to help me.译文:你真好帮助我.E g: It is very careless of you to lose your wallet.译文:你真粗心大意把钱包丢了.(2) 若形容词表示的不是逻辑主语的特性,而是描述对逻辑主语所做的事情,就用介词“for”,B:常见的此类形容词有:“easy; hard; difficult; heavy; necessary; impossible; important.E g: It is impossible for me to get to the destination on time inan hour.译文:一个小时之内按时达到目的地对我来说是不可能的.E g: It is very difficult for me to work out the math problem.译文:解决这个数学问题对我来说太难了.(3) 形容词表示人的特性的句子可转化成一个不定式作状语的句子,而后者则不能.E g: It is very kind of you to help me with my English可转化为一个不定式作状语的句子= You are very kind tohelp me with my English.二,不定式作宾语的用法.(1)作及物动词的宾语,该及物动词均为表示意愿,企图的动词,表示具体的或者特定的动作,或者是将来的动作.常见的动词如下:want(要); wish(希望); hope(希望); desire (欲望/渴望); intend意图;try(设法); determine(决定); decide(决定); attempt(企图); endeavor(努力); plan(计划); like(喜欢); love(喜欢); expect(期望/盼望);pretend(假装); afford(承担得起); manage(设法); prepare(准备); long (盼望); arrange(安排); promise(答应/许诺); learn(学会);dare(敢);agree(同意);start/begin(开始); fail(失败); refuse(拒绝); 等.E g: I want to take a trip abroad next year.主语及物动词不定式作宾语时间状语译文:明年我要出国旅游.E g: I intend to visit you tomorrow主语及物动词不定式作宾语时间状语译文:我打算明天去拜访你.E g: He tried to kill two birds with one stone.译文:他设法一箭双雕.E g: I expect to get a raise.译文:我渴望获得加薪.E g: I can’t afford to buy a new car.主语及物动词动词不定式作宾语译文:我买不起新车.(2)若作宾语的不定式太长,如果其后还有形容词或名词担当宾语补足语,常用“it”作形式宾语,把不定式短语作真正的宾语后置.基本句式:“主语+及物动词+it(形式宾语)+名词/形容词(宾语补足语)+to+动词原形(真正宾语)”.常见的此类动词有“find(发现); think(认为); believe(相信); consider(认为); deem(认为); feel(觉得); make(使)E g: I think it useful to learn English well.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译文:我认为学好英语是很有用的.E g: I deem it necessary to apologize to others.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译文:我认为向别人道歉是有必要的.E g: I deem it an honor for me to give this speech.译文:能在这里进行演讲我认为这是我的荣幸.E g: We found it impossible to finish the project in a month.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语译文:我发现一个月之内完成这个项目是不可能的.E g: I make it a rule to get up early.说明:Make it a rule to+v 表示“把--------当作常例/习惯于-------------”.译文:我习惯早起.E g: The teacher made it a rule to speak only English in class.主语及物动词形式宾语宾补不定式作真正的宾语地点状语.译文:老师规定在课堂上这能讲英语.E g: I felt it stupid for him to talk like that.译文:我觉得他这样讲话挺愚蠢的.(3)疑问代词:“what ; which; whom +动词不定式(to+do)”共同作及物动词的宾语的用法特点:不定式后面的动词一定为及物动词,疑问单词“what ; which; whom”及物动词或者介词的宾语.E g: I can’t decide which one to buy.主语及物动词共同作宾语译文:我决定不了买哪一个.know what to do next.E g: I don’t译文:我不知道下一步该怎么办.E g: I can’t decide whom to turn to for help.译文:我决定不了向谁求救.E g: I hardly know what to say to you.译文:我简直不知道该对你说什么.(4)疑问代词:“what ; which; whom +动词不定式(to+do)”共同作及物动词直接宾语的用法E g: Would you please tell me which course to take?主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语译文:你能告诉我应该选哪门课程吗?(5)疑问副词:“when; where; how;whether+动词不定式(to+do)”共同作及物动词宾语的用法特点:(1)不定式后面的动词可以为不及物动词.(2)不定式后面的动词也可为及物动词,且后面有宾语.E g: He patiently showed me how to operate the computer.主语状语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语译文:他耐心地教我怎么使用电脑.tell me when to start.E g: He didn’t译文:他并没有告诉我什么时候出发.know whether to go or stay.E g: I don’t译文:我不知道是走还是留.E g: I just wonder where to spend the weekend.译文:我只是想知道该去哪里度过周末.E g: Life is long if you know how to live it.译文:若知如何使用,生命就会长久.三,不定式作表语的用法.特点:(1)主语均为表示:“意愿”或者“企图”的名词.(2)不定式作表语可换作主语.E g: His only wish at present is to sleep.主语时间状语系动词动词不定式作表语译文:他此刻唯一的愿望就是去睡觉.可转化为:To sleep is his only wish at present.E g: His goal is simply to become an excellent English teacher.主语系动词状语动词不定式作表语译文:他的目标就是当一名优秀的英语教师.E g: His resolution is to become a great scientist.主语系动词动词不定式作表语译文:他的志愿时当一名伟大的科学家.E g: My dream is to become a successful businessman.译文:我的愿望是成为一名成功的商人.E g: The problem is to find a solution.译文:问题是得找出一个解决办法.E g: Shaking one’s fist is to show one’s determination.译文:挥拳头是显示一个人的决心.E g: The purpose of yelling English is to build up your confidence.译文:大喊英语的目的是建立你的自信心.不定式作表语的2种特殊情况(1)动词不定式作主语,也可作be动词之后的表语,主语和表语的动词形式一定要对称.E g: To see is to believe不定式作主语系动词不定式作表语译文:眼见为实E g: To love her this way is to worship her.不定式作主语方式状语系动词不定式作表语译文:这样爱他就等于崇拜她.(2)在下列句型中,be动词之后的to可省略,接动词原形作表语.E g: All you have to do is (to) take a good rest.主语系动词表语译文:你所要做的就是要好好的休息.E g: All I can do is (to) wait主语系动词表语译文:我所能做的就是等待.E g:What you should do is simply (to) apologize to him主语系动词状语表语译文:你应该做的事就是向他道歉.四,不定式作后置定语的用法.相当于形容词的功能.特点:(1)动词不定式作定语时一定要放在所修饰词的后面,作后置定语.(2)动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系.(3)不定式后面的动词为及物动词,若为不及物动词,一定要加上相应的介词.E g: I have a pile of homework to do tonight.主语及物动词宾语不定式作后置定语时间状语.译文:今晚我有一大堆的作业要做.不定式作后置定语的特殊用法(1)不定式作后置定语可以等于关系代词作主语所引导的定语从句.E g: I have no friend to advise me.主语谓语宾语不定式作后置定语等价于:I have no friend who can advise me.译文:我没有朋友可以给我忠告.(2)不定式作后置定语可以等于关系代词作宾语所引导的定语从句.E g: I have no one to talk to主语谓语宾语不定式作后置定语等价于:I have no one whom I can talk to.译文:我没有人可以交谈.E g: There are many sights to see here.等价于:There are many sights which we can see here.译文:这里有很多的风景可看.(3)主动的不定式和被动不定式的区别. A: 如果句子的主语是要做那件事的人,就用主动形式.B: 如果句子的主语是要做的动作(或者是接受动作的人或事),就用被动式.E g: I have two coats to wash.E g: Two coats are to be washed.(4) 在:“there be ”结构中的不定式可用主动式,也可用被动式,且意思一样.E g: There is an important thing to do tonight= There is an important thing to be done tonight.(5)不定式修饰序数词一定要放在其后.A:Li was the first to arrive.B: Really? That’s not like him. He’s always the last one to arrive.A: 李是第一个到的.B: 真的吗?那可不像他的作风,他总是最后一个到.五,不定式作状语的用法.特点:不定式作状语多放在被修饰的动词,副词,和形容词之后.注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致.在句中充当状语,表示目的;结果或原因.(1)不定式修饰动词的用法,一定置于该动词之后.E g: We should do whatever we can to save them.主语及物动词宾语从句不定式作目的状语的用法译文:我们应该做些什么才能挽救他们呢.(2) 不定式修饰动词作目的状语的用法.特点:不定式作目的状语,通常置于动词之后,也可置于句首,用逗号与主语隔开.E g: You should work very hard to win the award.主语谓语状语不定式作目的状语等价于:To win the award, you should work very hard译文:为了要赢得这个奖项,你应该努力奋斗.E g: I’ll do everything I can to help you.(目的)译文:我会竭尽全力帮你的.E g: You’re really very kind to say so.(原因)译文:你这么说真是太好了.还有类似不定式短语有:(1)in order to+动词原形..即可放在句首,也可句末.(2)so as to+动词原形.只能放在句末.(3)only to;(4) too-------to 太-------而不能(3)with an eye to +动名词. 只能放在句中. (4)with a view to +动名词. 只能放在句中.E g: He got up early in order to catch the school bus.主语谓语不定式作目的状语译文:他早起的目的就是能搭上校车.(3)不定式修饰形容词,一般置于该形容词之后.特点:一般表示一种结果.E g: He is able to do amazing things.主语系动词表语不定式作结果的用法译文:他能成就伟业.E g: He is apt to lie to me .主语系动词表语不定式作结果的用法.译文:他爱向我撒谎.E g: She was prepared to face the music.译文:她准备好面对后果.疯狂操练:I’m determined to conquer English. 我决心攻克英文I’m determined to master pronunciation. 我决心攻克发音.I’m determined to speak good English. 我决心说好英语.I’m determined to become a grammar king. 我决心成为语法大王I’m determined to command a lot of words. 我决心掌握大量词汇.I’m determined to write beautiful articles. 我决心写出漂亮文章.I’m determined to communicate with the world. 我决心与全世界沟通.(4)不定式修饰副词,一定置于该副词之后. 特点:一般表示一种结果.E g: He is old enough to go swimming alone.主语系动词表语状语(副词)不定式作结果的用法. 译文:他长大了,足以单独一个人去游泳.五,不定式作宾语补足语的用法.(1)具有使役动词意味的及物动词,加上宾语之后,要用不定式短语作宾语补足语.此类动词有:1) cause/get 促使-----------;2) lead引导--------说明:‘加上宾语之后,可接to引导的不定式短语,但此时to视为介词,接动名词作其宾语”;3) allow/permit允许------4)advise 劝告---------5)persuade说服----------6)enable使能够----------7)tell告诉-------8)beg/ask请求--------9)order命令---------10)want/wish/expect/intend期望---------11)force 迫使----------------.12)encourage鼓励-------.E g: The sad story caused him to cry.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾语补足语译文:这个悲惨的故事使他哭了.E g: His timely help enabled me to finish the project in advance.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补时间状语译文:他及时的帮助使我能提前完成这个项目.allow me to smoke in the office.E g: They don’t主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补地点状语译文:他们不允许我在办公室里吸烟.E g: I ask my students to yell English every morning.主语及物动词宾语不定式作宾补时间状语译文:我要求我的学生每天早上都大喊英语.E g: My parents want me to become a great lawyer in thefuture.译文:我的父母希望我将来成为一位很棒的律师.E g: The boss forces his staff to work like a dog for him.译文:老板强迫员工为他拼命干活.E g: My teacher encouraged me to try again.译文:我的老师鼓励我再试一次.(2)使役动词或者是感官动词,动词不定式作宾语补足语“to”要省略.巧记不定式作宾补省略“to”的两大规则A:“注意让‘买客’听听看看这块表有啥感觉不带“土”B: 五看(see; watch; notice; observe; look at); 三让(let; make; have);两听(hear; listen to); 一感觉(feel); 一发现(find); 半个帮(help).1)感官动词,宾语补足语接原型动词,表示已发生的事实..若出现在被动语态中,“to”要还原.E g: I noticed a thief slip into my room just now.主语及物动词宾语省略不定式原型动词作宾补时间状语译文:我刚才注意一个贼溜进我的房间了.E g: I never heard him speak English.译文:我从未听过他说英语.E g: The man was seen to leave the accident.(被动语态中不定式要还原)译文:有人看见他离开事故现场.2)使役动词(make/ let/ have)的具体用法.{1}“make”的常见用法. 若出现被动语态时“to”要还原.※make +宾语+宾补(形容词)E g: The news made me happy.主语及物动词宾语形容词从当宾语补足语.译文:这则消息使我很开心.※make+宾语+宾补(省略“to”的动词原形).疯狂操练 E g: My mother made me walk the dog. My father made me sweep the floor. My grandmother made me wash the dishes. My grandfather made me buy him cigarettes. Everyonein me family made me do something yesterday. I really enjoy helping other people.译文:我妈妈让我去遛狗.我爸爸让我擦地板.我奶奶让我洗碗.我爷爷让我给他买烟.昨天家里的所有人都让我干活了.我真的很乐意帮助他人.E g: These workers are made to work at least 18 hours each day.译文:这些工人被迫每天至少工作18小时.{2}“let”的用法. 很少出现被动语态中.※Let’s +动词原形. 让我们一起-------------------------E g: Let’s have dinner together tonight. 译文:让我们今晚一起吃晚饭.※Let us +动词原形. 让我们一起------------E g: Let us help Tom clean the room. 译文:让我们大家一起帮助汤姆打扫房间.※Let sb++动词原形. 让某人做某事.E g: Let me help you. 译文:让我来帮助你. {3}“have”的用法. 很少出现被动语态中.※have +宾语(人/)+宾补(过去分词充当)表示:请某人做某事※have +宾语(物/)+宾补(过去分词充当)表示:可以用来主语的遭遇或经历,并不是故意让某事发生的.特点:1) 作宾语补足语的动词与宾语之间是被动关系.2)该动作常不属于主语的动作.E g: I had my hair cut yesterday主语使役动词宾语过去分词作宾补时间状语译文:我昨天理的发.E g: Please have the boy taken to the station.译文:请找人把这男孩带到E g: The old man had his leg broken when he fell off the bike.译文:那老人从自行车上摔下来时把腿摔断了.※have+宾语(人/)+宾补(动词原形)表示“让某人做某事”E g: The director had his assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting.译文:主管让他的助理为这次会议准备一些热狗.※have+宾语(人/物)+宾补(动名词)表示:“让某人或某事不停地,或者一次又一次地进行某一动作.E g: He had us laughing all through. 译文:整顿饭期间他让我们笑个不停.六,不定式充当独立主格的用法.特点:不定式可以在句中充当独立成分,用来说明说话人的态度,对全句进行解释常见的有:“to be frank; to be honest; to tell the truth; to be blunt”等E g: To tell the truth, I have no money with me today.译文:我今天一分钱也没有带.E g: To be frank, you need to lose weight.译文:坦白说,你真的需要减肥.E g: To be blunt, that’s a stupid idea.译文:老实说,这想法真愚蠢.七,原型不定式的特殊结构.下列为与原型不定式连用的特殊结构.这些结构经常出现在各类英语考试中,务必要牢记.1): do nothing but +动词原形. 除了-----,无所事事.E g: He did nothing but eat all day.译文:他整天什么也不做,只是吃.分析步骤如下:第一步:句中的but 可视为并列连词,连接对等且形态相同的词类did,即He did nothing but did----------.第二步:我们知道do/does/did用于肯定句中,可视为强调性的助动词,之后要接动词原形.试比较:未强调前: He works hard. 他用功. 强调后:He does work hard. 他的确很用功.第三步:因此,在He did nothing but did----------中,did之后要接动词原形.即He did nothing but did eat all day.第四步:并列连词but之后相同的词类可以省略.本句中第一个did为不及物动词的一半过去时,而第二个did则为强调性的助动词,虽然性质不一,但外形相同,故第二个did可省略,即:“He did nothing but eat all day”.2): Choose/expect/want/desire nothing but to+动词原形.E g: He wanted nothing but to sleep. 译文:他什么都不要,只想睡觉.3): I have no choice but to+动词原形. 除了-------我别无选择.E g: I have no choice but to wait for the result.译文:除了等待结果我别无选择.4): be interested in nothing but+动名词/名词. 除了-----对什么也不感兴趣.E g: He is interested in nothing but singing.译文:他除了唱歌外,对什么都不感兴趣.5)enjoy nothing but+动名词/名词. 除了-----------对什么都不喜欢.E g: I enjoy nothing but dancing.译文:我除了跳舞外什么都不喜欢.6)cannot but+动词原形=cannot help/stop/ resist+动名词=cannot help but+动词原形.意思为:“不得不/忍不住-----------------”.E g: When I heard the story, I couldn’tb ut laugh/I couldn’thelp but laugh. 译文:我听到这个故help laughing/I couldn’t事,忍不住笑了出来.八,在下列含有to的动词短语中to 是介词的有,注意:“介词后面要接名词、宾格代词、动名词”如下:“1)be used to----------习惯于-------; 2)devote--------to献身于-------;3)get down to-------开始、着手-------;4)lookforward to-----期望、期盼;5)object to-----反对;6)be opposed to-----反对; 7)pay attention to-------注意、关注; 8)stick to---------;9)apply------to集中精力、专注坚持10)accustom-------to使------习惯于;11)help oneself to ------请随便------”等.E g: You should pay more attention to your health.译文:你应该多加注意身体.疯狂操练:You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你要多留意你的发音.You should pay more attention to your kids. 你要多留心你的孩子.You should pay more attention to your teeth. 你要多注意保护牙齿.You should pay more attention to your family.你要多关心家人. You should pay more attention to your schoolwork.你要多花心思在学业上.You should pay more attention to our environment.我们应该多关注保护环境.E g: She applied herself to learning English.译文:她刻苦学习英语.E g: You must accustom yourself to getting up early译文:你必须习惯早起.E g: I’ve been looking forward to hearing from you.译文:我一直期望收到你的来信.疯狂操练:Help yourself to something to drink. 你自己随便喝点什么,别客气.Help yourself to something to eat.你自己随便吃点什么,别客气.Make yourself at home. 别拘束.Sit down and relax for a while.坐下来放松一下.My home is your home.我的家就是你的家.。
初二英语知识点归纳动词不定式
初二英语知识点归纳:动词不定式初二英语知识点归纳:动词不定式1.不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to 可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing,to have written),也有被动态(如to be written),所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形式。
助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2.不定式的用法 1)不定式结构作主语 1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago. 2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. 在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this 等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。
如: 1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago. 2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time. 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达: 1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review. 2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam. 在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind, naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语: 1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth. 2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing. 2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
(完整版)动词不定式用法归纳
动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。
1.作主语可以直接作主语。
如: To see is to believe.但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10).点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。
2.作宾语a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲,打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎,显得 determine决定manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 start开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找,寻觅 try试图b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
(完整版)动词不定式用法
动词不定式用法不定式是动词的一种非限定式,它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。
一、动词不定式的基本结构动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to。
不定式的否定形式是:not to+动词原形。
在句中除不能作谓语外,其他成分都可作。
如:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to的功能不同。
介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语;而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。
speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语二、动词不定式的用法不定式在句中有各种作用,一般可归类为三种基本用法:作名词,作形容词,作副词。
(一) 不定式作名词的用法不定式起名词作用,在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。
⒈作主语名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。
To grow more trees here is very important.(=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。
To hear your voice is so nice.(=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。
To speak English well is not easy for me.(=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。
To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.(=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。
的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种注意:在It is… to…”结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。
英语动词不定式的成分和用法
英语动词不定式的成分和用法英语动词不定式(Infinitive)是一种非谓语动词形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成,可以在句子中担任多种成分。
以下是关于英语动词不定式的成分和用法的详细解释:一、成分1.主语:动词不定式可以在句子中作为主语,表示一个抽象的概念或行为。
例如,“To learn a foreign language is difficult.”(学习一门外语是困难的。
)2.表语:动词不定式可以作为表语,描述主语的特点或状态。
例如,“Mygoal is to become a doctor.”(我的目标是成为一名医生。
)3.宾语:动词不定式可以作为宾语,表示一个动作或行为。
例如,“I wantto go home.”(我想回家。
)4.定语:动词不定式可以作为定语,修饰名词或代词。
例如,“I have a lotof work to do.”(我有很多工作要做。
)5.状语:动词不定式可以作为状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。
例如,“Tosave mone y, I decided not to buy a new car.”(为了省钱,我决定不买新车。
)二、用法1.动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”,其中“to”是标志词,无词义。
在句子中,它不受人称和数的限制,但有时态和语态的变化。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在“to”前面加“not”。
例如,“I decided not to go.”(我决定不去。
)3.动词不定式可以带有逻辑主语,形成复合结构。
例如,“For him to dothat is impossible.”(对他来说做那件事是不可能的。
)4.有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语,如“want, wish, hope, decide,promise”等。
例如,“I want to buy a new car.”(我想买一辆新车。
)5.动词不定式可以和某些形容词连用,如“happy, glad, pleased, sorry”等。
动词不定式用法初二
动词不定式用法初二同学们,在我们初二英语的学习中,动词不定式可是一个非常重要的语法点哦!今天,咱们就一起来好好地了解一下动词不定式的用法。
首先,咱们得知道什么是动词不定式。
动词不定式的基本形式是“to +动词原形”,比如“to play”“to study”“to sing”等等。
这里的“to”可不是介词,它没有实际的意思,只是一个标志,告诉我们这是一个动词不定式。
动词不定式在句子中能充当很多成分呢!它可以作主语。
比如说,“To learn English well is not easy”(学好英语不容易。
)在这个句子里,“To learn English well”就是整个句子的主语,表示一件事情。
动词不定式还能作宾语。
像“I want to go shopping”(我想去购物。
)这里的“to go shopping”就是“want”这个动词的宾语,表示想要做的事情。
它也可以作宾语补足语。
例如“The teacher asked us to clean the classroom”(老师让我们打扫教室。
)“to clean the classroom”就补充说明了“us”要做的事情。
再者,动词不定式能作定语。
比如“I have a lot of homework to do”(我有很多作业要做。
)“to do”在这里修饰“homework”,表示“要做的作业”。
还有哦,动词不定式作状语也是常见的用法。
“He came here to see me”(他来这儿是为了看我。
)这里的“to see me”就表示他来这儿的目的。
那咱们来看看动词不定式的一些常见搭配吧。
“want to do sth”表示“想要做某事”,“decide to do sth”表示“决定做某事”,“plan to do sth”表示“计划做某事”,“hope to do sth”表示“希望做某事”等等。
不过,同学们要注意啦,有些动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的时候,要省略“to”。
英语动词不定式的成分和用法
英语动词不定式的成分和用法英语动词不定式由"to"加上动词原形构成,具有名词和动词的特性。
它可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语等。
1.主语:动词不定式可以作为整个句子的主语。
例如:To study is important.(学习是重要的。
)2.宾语:动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语。
例如:She wants to go shopping.(她想要去购物。
)3.表语:动词不定式可以作为系动词的补语,用来说明主语的身份、性质、状态等。
例如:His dream is to become a doctor.(他的梦想是成为一名医生。
)4.同位语:动词不定式可以与名词或代词等形成同位语,用来对名词或代词进行解释、补充说明。
例如:The decision to cancel the event was made yesterday.(取消活动的决定是昨天做出的。
)5.定语:动词不定式可以用来修饰名词或代词,起到修饰、限定的作用。
例如:I have a book to read.(我有一本书要读。
)6.状语:动词不定式可以用来表示目的、原因、结果、条件等,起到状语的作用。
例如:He went to the store to buy some groceries.(他去商店买些杂货。
)动词不定式的用法:1.作为目的状语,表示动作或意图的目的。
例如:He studies hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习为了通过考试。
)2.作为原因状语,表示动作或意图的原因。
例如:He woke up early to catch the train.(他早起是为了赶火车。
)3.作为结果状语,表示动作或意图的结果。
例如:She ran fast to win the race.(她跑得快以赢得比赛。
)4.作为条件状语,表示条件。
例如:If you want to succeed, you have to work hard.(如果你想成功,你就得努力工作。
最全面英语动词不定式的用法归纳整理总结
最全面英语动词不定式的用法归纳整理总结英语动词不定式的用法有以下几种:1.作为动词的宾语:- I want to go to the store.(不定式作为动词go的宾语)- He likes to play tennis.(不定式作为动词play的宾语)2.作为形容词的补语:- She is excited to see her friends.(不定式作为形容词excited的补语)- He seems to be a nice person.(不定式作为形容词nice的补语)3.作为介词的宾语:- She apologized for being late.(不定式作为介词for的宾语)- They are interested in learning Chinese.(不定式作为介词in的宾语)4.作为状语:- I work hard to improve my English.(不定式作为状语表目的)- They went to the park to play basketball.(不定式作为状语表目的)5.作为主语:- To study is important for success.(不定式作为主语)- To be or not to be, that is the question.(不定式作为主语)6.作为条件状语从句的口述形式:7.作为动词的补语:- They considered him to be the best candidate.(不定式作为动词consider的补语)- We elected her to be the team captain.(不定式作为动词elect的补语)8.作为状语从句的口述形式:- He woke up early in order to catch the train.(不定式作为状语从句的口述形式)9.作为表语:需要注意的是,不定式的肯定形式一般由to加动词原形构成,否定形式则在to后面加not构成。
人教版英语八年级上Unit 5动词不定式
动词不定式一、结构:动词不定式分为带to不定式(to do sth.)与不带to 不定式(do sth.)。
其中,to 不是介词,而是动词不定式符号,无意义,可以不翻译。
肯定式:to do 否定式:not to do二、作用:在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语或状语等。
三、用法:1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数(如并列时则用复数)。
往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
常用结构为:It is + adj. /n.(+ for sb.) + to do sth.It is + adj./n. + (of sb. )+ to do sth.e.g. To watch movies is my hobby.To fight with crime is dangerous.It’s enjoyable for me to have dinner with you.It’s necessary to learn every subject well.It’s kind of you to che ck the information carefully.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式:v.+ to do sth.下列动词(短语)通常用不定式作宾语:help(带to不定式或不带to 不定式皆可), need, want, hope, wish, expect, learn, decide, choose, would like, like, love, begin, start, stop, try, forget, remember等。
e.g. He decided to go on a vacation.James chose to work in the city.Teachers teach to learn something.(2)动词(know, ask, show, teach, find out等)+疑问词+不定式: v. + wh- /how+ to do sth。
动词不定式6种用法总结
动词不定式6种用法总结动词不定式(infinitive)有以下六种基本用法:1. 作为动词的宾语:动词不定式可以作为另一个动词的宾语,例如:- I want to learn Chinese.(我想学中文。
)- She loves to dance.(她喜欢跳舞。
)2. 作为主语:动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,通常用于表达一般的动作、状态、观点等,例如:- To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。
)- To wait is boring.(等待很无聊。
)3. 作为表语:动词不定式可以作为动词 "be" 的表语,常用于表达目的、原因、结果等,例如:- The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new project.(这次会议的目的是讨论新项目。
)- Her suggestion is to study harder.(她的建议是更加努力学习。
)4. 作为定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词,通常用来表示目的、结果、用途等,例如:- The best way to learn a language is to practice speaking.(学习一门语言的最佳方法是练习口语。
)- He needs a pen to write with.(他需要一支可以写字的笔。
)5. 作为状语:动词不定式可以作为句子的状语,表示目的、结果、方式、条件等,常常与动词 "to be" 连用,例如:- She went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(她去超市买些食品杂货。
)- He ran fast to catch the bus.(他跑得很快,以便赶上公交车。
)6. 作为补语:动词不定式可以作为某些动词的宾语补足语,常用于表示目的、愿望、需求等,例如:- They made her promise to come back.(他们让她答应会回来。
八上动词不定式用法
八上动词不定式用法动词不定式是八年级上册英语语法中的一个重要知识点。
它形式简单却用法多样,掌握好动词不定式对于提升英语语言能力有着重要的作用。
动词不定式的构成是“to +动词原形”,其中“to”不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,没有实际意义。
动词不定式在句子中可以充当多种成分,比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
先来说说它作主语的情况。
动词不定式作主语时,常常为了避免句子“头重脚轻”,会用“It is +形容词+for/of sb to do sth”这个句型。
例如:“It is important for us to learn English well”(学好英语对我们来说很重要。
)这里用“it”作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式“to learn English well”。
需要注意的是,当形容词是描述人的品质、性格时,用“of”;如果是描述事物的特征,则用“for”。
比如:“It's kind of you to help me”(你帮助我真是太好了。
)“kind”是描述人的品质,所以用“of”。
再看看动词不定式作宾语的例子。
有些动词后面只能接动词不定式作宾语,常见的有“want,hope,decide,plan,expect”等。
例如:“I want to go shopping this weekend”(这个周末我想去购物。
)“She hopes to become a doctor”(她希望成为一名医生。
)接着是动词不定式作宾语补足语。
常见的动词有“ask,tell,want,allow,encourage”等。
比如:“My mother asks me to clean my room every day”(我妈妈每天叫我打扫房间。
)“The teacher encourages us to study hard”(老师鼓励我们努力学习。
)动词不定式作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。
动词不定式的用法讲义
动词不定式的用法讲义动词不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它具有丰富的用法和多样的功能。
下面让我们一起来详细了解一下动词不定式的各种用法。
一、动词不定式的形式动词不定式的基本形式是“to +动词原形”,例如“to study”“to play”。
但在一些情况下,to 会被省略,我们后面会详细讲到。
二、动词不定式作主语动词不定式可以用作句子的主语,表示一个具体的、将要发生的动作。
例如:“To learn a foreign language well is not easy”(学好一门外语不容易。
)但需要注意的是,为了避免句子头重脚轻,通常会使用形式主语 it ,将真正的主语动词不定式后置,变成“It is not easy to learn a foreign language well”三、动词不定式作宾语很多动词后面可以接动词不定式作宾语,常见的有:want(想要),hope(希望),decide(决定),plan(计划),expect(期望)等。
例如:“I want to go shopping this weekend”(这个周末我想去购物。
)四、动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词后面会接宾语和动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的这类动词有:ask(要求),tell(告诉),allow(允许),enable(使能够)等。
例如:“The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time”(老师要求我们按时完成作业。
)五、动词不定式作定语动词不定式可以用来修饰名词或代词,作定语。
例如:“I have a lot of work to do”(我有很多工作要做。
)这里的“to do”就修饰“work”,表示“要做的工作”。
六、动词不定式作状语1、目的状语动词不定式可以作目的状语,表示某个动作的目的。
例如:“He came here to see me”(他来这里是为了看我。
八年级上册英语动词不定式用法
八年级上册英语动词不定式用法一、不定式一般式的用法1. 表示未发生的动作即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。
如:I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我预计他明天到达。
I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。
The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建议我完全休息。
2. 表示同时发生的动作即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。
如:Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的?(say与heard几乎同时发生)I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。
(to hear 略先于am sorry)3. 表示一般情况即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。
如:Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。
None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。
二、不定式进行式的用法1. 表示同时进行即表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。
如:He seems to be following us. 他似乎在跟着我们。
He pretended to be looking for a book. 他假装在找书。
I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived. 他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。
2. 表示将来正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样,不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。
如:You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸运的,能乘飞机走。
He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高兴。
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八年级英语语法专题(II)动词不定式的用法初中英语单位测试,中考英语语法辞汇,中考英语应试技巧,中考英语模拟题,更多精美内容尽在“尹氏欢愉英语”中,欢迎大家登岸学习。
动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一,也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。
它是动词的一种非谓语情势,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。
其构成情势为"to+动词原形",to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。
动词不定式具有两大特点:1.具有动词的特点,是以,后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式短语。
2.具出名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。
根据新课标八年级要求介绍近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例,对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点,作一简要的总结八年级英语下册总结和分析,供同学们学习时参考。
一、动词不定式作主语1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.A. to cleanB. cleanedC. cleanD. cleans(甘肃省)2. It's hard for us _________ English well.A. learnB. learnsC. to learnD. learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(BeiJing市海淀区)4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.A. for,ofB. of,forC. to,forD. of,to(安徽省)Keys:1. A 2. C 3. take,to,build 4. B[简析]动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作情势主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。
常见的句式有:(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.⑵It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.⑶It takes sb some time to do sth.⑷It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,与前置词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式⑷中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词,与前置词for搭配,暗示不定式暗示的动作、举动的性质。
注意:当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句型(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不比一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.It's for sb.和It's of sb.1) for sb.常用于暗示物质的特征特点,暗示客观情势的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等:It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来讲学两门外语是很难的。
2) of sb的句型一般用暗示人物的性格,道德,暗示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我,你真是八年级下册英语语法太好了。
for与of的辨别要领:用前置词后面的代词作主语,用前置词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。
如果道理上通顺用of,欠亨则用for。
如:You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的,欠亨,是以应用for。
)A.It is right to stop killing wild animals.B.It is the best time to visit USA in summer.C.It is helpful for us to learn English well.二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants ______ some vegetables.A. buyB. buyingC. to buyD. buys (山西省)2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bringB. bringingC. to takeD. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult ______.A. sleepingB. sleepsC. sleptD. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys:1. C 2. A 3. D[简析]在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember 等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。
如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it作情势宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面Sb + V + it(情势宾语)+ agj(形容词)+to+ V(宾语)注意无BE动词。
3、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help himB. to help him withC. to help withD. helps him with (江苏省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.A. cookB. cooksC. to cookD. cooked (甘肃省)Key:1. B 2. C[简析]不定式可以用作宾语补足语。
后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等。
四、动词不定式作状语1. She went ______ her teacher.A. to seeB. looksC. sawD. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns (川蜀)Key:1. A 2. C[简析]go,come,try,do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。
3. I'm sorry ______ that.A. hearsB. hearingC. hearD. to hear (河北省)4. I'm sorry ______ you.A. troubleB. to troubleC. troublingD. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.A. to meetB. meetC. metD. meets (甘肃省)Keys:3. D 4. B 5. A[简析]"be +形容词+ to do sth"布局中的不定式作状语,常暗示原因或体式格局。
6. The panda is so large that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思不异的句子)The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a large panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改为意思不异的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (广八年级下册生物总结东省) Keys:6. is,too,small,for 7. thick,for,to,skate,on[简析]在上述"too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do…"(太……而不能……)和"enough (for sb) to do…"(足以、足够……做……)布局中,不定式作结果状语。
so\such......... that........如此......乃至......的用法及与其他句型的互换.A.Sb\Sth +be\ V+ so + adj\adv (a\an+adj +n)+that + can't\couldn't.........= Sb\Sth +be\ V+ too+adj\adv(for+Sb\Sth)+to+V ...... .....如此......乃至....=太而.....不能.....B、.so that to =in order to+V动词\that+从句......为了\以便于......C、.Sb\Sth +be+ so + adj形容词+a \an \+n \V +adv副词(so +little\many\much.... such +a\an+adj +n名形容词+名词)+that + can\ould=.Sb\Sth +be\ V+adj\adv +enough足够的+ to+V.....如此.....乃至于.....=......足够.......干..........如:他太年轻了而不能去上课。
A. He is too young to go to school.B. He is so young that he can’t go to schoolC.He is n’t old enough to go to school.D. He is so a young boy that he can’t go to school()一、The water is ____ dirty _____ the animals can’t drink it.A. too . toB.so. thatC. such ,thatD. n’t ,enough to 谜底是A()二、The computer cost ____much money _____ I can’t afford to buy it.(谜底选项同1)谜底:B。