高一第二学期期中考试

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南京市金陵中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试化学试卷(含答案)

南京市金陵中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试化学试卷(含答案)

金陵中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期中考试高一化学试卷注意事项:1.本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分,共100分,考试时间75分钟。

2.将选择题的答案填涂在答题卡的对应位置上,非选择题的答案写在答题卡的指定栏目内。

可能用到的相对原子质量H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 Si 28 S 32 Cl 35.5 K 39 Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64 Zn 65 Ag 108一、单项选择题:共16题,每题3分,共48分。

每小题只有一个选项最符合题意。

1.2023年2月24日,“逐梦寰宇问苍穹”中国载人航天工程30年成就展在国家博物馆开展,展厅里的一件件展品,都是中国载人航天追求卓越、不断创新的印迹。

下列有关说法错误的是( ) A .神舟十五号飞船使用的铝合金和钛合金均属于金属材料 B .航天器使用的太阳能电池帆板的主要成分是硅单质 C .飞船返回舱表层的结构材料成分与普通玻璃相同D .“天宫课堂”的泡腾片(某种酸和3NaHCO 固体的混合物)实验中生成的是2CO2.氯化硅陶瓷是一种新型无机非金属材料。

其硬度仅次于金刚石、重量钢材的三分之一,用其制成的陶瓷轴承转速可以高达10000转/秒,可以耐1200℃高温并且有自润滑作用。

以下是部分结构材料的结构细节,其中可能是氮化硅的是( )3.在2SO 参与的下列反应中,体现出2SO 的氧化性的是( ) A .2232SO 2OHSO H O --++B .222SO 2H S 3S 2H O +↓+C .22224SO Cl 2H O2Cl SO 4H --+++++ D .22224SO H O 2H SO +-++ 4.金属的冶炼体现了人类文明的发展历程,下列关于金属冶炼的说法不正确的是( ) A .炼铁:用焦炭和空气反应产生的CO 在高温下还原铁矿石中铁的氧化物 B .制镁:用2H 还原氧化镁制得金属Mg C .制钠:电解熔融的NaCl 获得金属NaD .制铝:用36Na AlF 作培剂,电解熔融23Al O 制得金属铝 5.物质的性质决定用途,下列两者对应关系不正确的是( ) A .晶体硅是一种半导体材料,常用于制造光导纤维B .二氧化硫具有还原性,可添加在葡萄酒中防止葡萄酒中的些成分被氧化C .二氧化氯在水中的杀菌、消毒能力强,可以对使用水进行消毒D .液氨汽化时吸收大量的热,可用作制冷剂 阅读以下资料,并回答6~8题氨的常见氧化物有氨(3NH )和肼(24N H )。

徐州市区八校2023-2024学年第二学期高一年级期中考试物理参考答案

徐州市区八校2023-2024学年第二学期高一年级期中考试物理参考答案

2023-2024学年第二学期高一年级期中考试试卷物理参考答案及评分标准一、单项选择题:共11小题,每小题4分,计44分.每小题只有一个选项最符合题意. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.D 11.A二、非选择题:共5小题,计56分.其中第13题~第16题解答时请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤,只写出最后答案的不能得分;有数值计算时,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.12.(1)AB (2分) (2)CD (2分) (3) 0.97 0.48 D (每空2分共6分)(4)B (2分) (5)错误(3分)13.(共6分)(1)202v g h =;(2)2038v GRh π;(3)02R v v h = 【详解】(1)设月球表面的重力加速度为g ,则由题意,根据运动学规律有202v gh =(1分)解得202v g h=(1分) (2)设月球质量为M ,则月球表面质量为0m 的物体所受重力等于万有引力,即002Mm G m g R =(1分) 月球的体积为343V R π= 联立解得月球的平均密度2038M v V GRhρπ==(1分) (3)设宇宙飞船绕月球表面运行时的速率为v ,则根据牛顿第二定律有22Mm v G m R R=(1分) 联立解得02R v v h=(1分) 14.(共8分)(1)25m/s 2;(2)20J ;(3) 5m 3s = 【详解】(1)(共3分)物块沿斜面向上运动时,受竖直向下的电场力20N qE =重力20N mg =垂直斜面的支持力,沿斜面向下的摩擦力,如图由牛顿第二定律可得()sin 30f mg qE ma ++︒=(1分)滑动摩擦力()cos30f qE mg μ=+︒(1分)联立可得225m/s a =(1分)(2)(共3分)由速度位移公式202ax v (1分) 可得2m x =(1分)重力势能最大值为pm sin 3020J mgh mgx E ==︒=(1分)(3)(共2分)设该位置与斜面底端的距离s ,根据能量守恒20P k 12mv fs E E ε=+++(1分)可得20k ()cos 3012()sin 30s qE mg qE mg s mv E μ+︒++︒+= 如果物块的动能E k 、电势能ε、重力势能E p 均相等,则可得5m 3s =(1分) 15.(共12分)(1)22sin Q k r θ,方向竖直向上;(2)2sin gr θ;(3)(1cos )2cos kQq mr θθ- 【详解】(1)(共3分)两点电荷均为正电荷且带电量相等,则两点电荷在C 点处的电场强度方向均背离各自电荷,电场强度如图所示根据电场强度的矢量合成法则可得C 点的场强22sin C Q E k r θ=(2分)方向竖直向上(1分)。

高一期中考试试题及答案

高一期中考试试题及答案

高一期中考试试题及答案一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1. 下列关于细胞结构的描述,正确的是:A. 细胞壁只存在于植物细胞B. 细胞膜是细胞的外层结构C. 细胞核是细胞的能量转换器D. 线粒体是细胞的遗传物质储存地答案:B2. 光合作用中,水分子分解发生在:A. 光反应阶段B. 暗反应阶段C. 光反应和暗反应阶段D. 细胞呼吸阶段答案:A3. 人体细胞中,负责合成蛋白质的结构是:A. 线粒体B. 核糖体C. 内质网D. 高尔基体答案:B4. 以下哪种元素不属于人体必需的微量元素?A. 铁B. 锌C. 钙D. 碘答案:C5. 细胞分裂过程中,染色体数目加倍发生在:A. 有丝分裂前期B. 有丝分裂中期C. 有丝分裂后期D. 减数分裂第一次分裂答案:C6. 下列关于酶的描述,错误的是:A. 酶是活细胞产生的B. 酶是蛋白质或RNAC. 酶可以提高化学反应速率D. 酶在反应后被消耗答案:D7. 人体中,血红蛋白的主要功能是:A. 运输氧气B. 运输二氧化碳C. 调节酸碱平衡D. 储存能量答案:A8. 以下哪种激素不属于内分泌腺分泌的激素?A. 胰岛素B. 甲状腺激素C. 肾上腺素D. 消化酶答案:D9. 人体免疫系统中,负责识别和攻击外来病原体的是:A. 红细胞B. 白细胞C. 血小板D. 血浆答案:B10. 人体细胞中,负责储存遗传信息的是:A. 线粒体B. 核糖体C. 内质网D. 细胞核答案:D二、填空题(每空2分,共20分)1. 细胞膜的主要功能是________和________。

答案:保护细胞内部结构;控制物质进出2. 人体中,负责合成和分泌胰岛素的腺体是________。

答案:胰腺3. 光合作用中,光能被转化为________和________。

答案:化学能;热能4. 人体中,负责运输氧气的蛋白质是________。

答案:血红蛋白5. 人体免疫系统中,负责识别和攻击外来病原体的细胞是________。

北京市2023—2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案

北京市2023—2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案

北京市2023~2024学年第二学期期中考试高一语文(答案在最后)2024年4月班级姓名考号(考试时间150分钟满分150分)提示:试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

在答题卡上,选择题用2B 铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。

一、本大题共5小题,共18分。

阅读下面材料,完成下面小题。

材料一阅读是伟大的文化发明,但文字出现的历史非常短暂,人类尚不足以进化出一个先天的“阅读脑”。

这意味着,我们无法仅依靠遗传获得阅读技能。

我们之所以能够完成从“非阅读脑”到“阅读脑”的转变,既有赖于先天的大脑特性,又有赖于后天的阅读训练。

虽然人类没有进化出“阅读脑”,但先天拥有“口语脑”。

口语是人类自然习得的本能。

通过遗传,每一个准备接受阅读训练的个体已经具备了从语音通达语义的口语加工脑区和环路。

这些加工口语的脑区与环路即是“阅读脑”形成的开端。

从出生到死亡,人类的大脑并非一成不变,你可以把大脑想象成一台持续更新的机器,始终处于调整变化中。

这种能够不停“重组”的特性被称为“脑的神经可塑性”。

后天的阅读训练,有针对性地促成了先天脑的重组,其中最重要的改变当属视觉词形区的出现。

法国认知神经科学家斯坦尼斯拉斯•德阿纳比较了无阅读能力(文盲)和有阅读能力的两组成年人,发现在阅读任务中,有阅读能力组的左脑梭状回(即视觉词形区)在观看文字时的活跃强度要高于观看人脸、房屋等其他视觉刺激时的活跃强度;而文盲组,相应的脑区未发现异常活跃现象。

这一发现首次直接证明了阅读训练对脑区功能的塑造作用。

除此之外,阅读还会“改写”大脑的灰质和白质结构。

一项追踪研究发现,与刚入学时相比,儿童在二年级时,左半球的顶下小叶、中央前回和中央后回的灰质体积有所减小,推测是阅读训练引发了相关脑区神经突触的修剪过程,使这些脑区变得更加精简高效。

另一项研究发现,8-10岁儿童在接受100小时的阅读训练后,白质纤维束的走向一致性显著增强,意味着不同脑区之间的信息传输能力有所提高。

江西省赣州市于都中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(原卷版)

江西省赣州市于都中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(原卷版)

于都中学2023~2024学年度第二学期期中考试高一语文试卷2024年4月考生注意:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。

考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人是否一致。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束,监考员将试题卷和答题卡一并收回。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成小题。

儒家思想的建立孔子身处的时代,礼崩乐坏,西周的封建制度随着西周本土的沦陷,只剩下一个空名。

在大崩溃的时候,孔子致力于重建超越时空限制的普世价值观念,将依据理性道德建立的系统作为自己安身立命之所,也作为世界可以遵行的、他所盼望的行为准则。

孔子教诲门下,并不像后世所谓的学校,而是与来自各方的同人和朋友们随机讨论问题,共同建立和发展一套思想体系。

从一开始,孔子注意的就不是个人“独善其身”的道德,而是人与人之间的相处之道——这相处之道又建立在道德之上。

“道”在孔子心目中是永恒而且普世的原则,即使是至高无上的神明“天”,也不过是“道”的显现,“天”和“道”是一体两面。

神的力量和永恒、普世的原则,虽然抽象,但“道”不只存在于人与人的相处之中,它还存在于万事之中。

因此,儒家思想落实在人间事务上,是主导人间关系的大原则、确立人和人之间相处的尺寸与尺度。

孔子将中国后世几千年的思想脉络一锤定音,这是一门人间与社会的学问,而非今天学术界的认知学问。

这个特点我们必须记得,它乃是中国和西方制度方向上最大的差异。

儒家思想中的“安人”与“安百姓”孔子认为门下的弟子分别属于四个门类:德行、政事、语言、文学。

这四科各有出色的代表人物。

德行是修身,政事是为人服务,语言是处理社会事务和传达信息,文学是书写能力,与语言同为传达信息之用。

高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(含解析)

高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(含解析)

高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(含解析)绝密★启用前2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(答案解析版)语文1.D【解析】本题考查对文章内容的理解和分析的能力。

“横观现实有助于研究历史”错误,无中生有。

文章只在第二段引用李大钊的话“纵观人间的过去者便是历史,横观人间的现在者便是社会”时提到“横观现实”这一概念,“也就是说,要洞察现实的社会,就不能不研究过去的历史。

”但其中并没有提到“横观现实”与“历史研究”的关系。

2.C【解析】本题考查分析概括作者在文中的观点态度的能力。

C.“而想象力丰富与否决定了诗歌作品的质量”错误,由材料二第二段“单纯考察想象力是否‘丰富’,并不能决定文学作品的价值,重要的还是想象力的质量的高下”可知,想象力是否丰富不是诗歌作品价值的决定因素,想象力质量的高下影响诗歌的价值。

故选C。

3.C【解析】本题考查理解文中重要概念的含义的能力。

C.《登太白峰》臆造人物、虚构境地,借助离奇的想象写作,属于艺术想象力。

故选C。

①用假想比附事实;②生造出所谓“隐”的人和事来。

【解析】本题考查理解文章内容,筛选并整合文中信息的能力。

根据文中“他可以有深入而巧妙的推论,但必须时刻保持充分的自制力,以防止将事实纳入假想的框架。

《红楼梦》研究中曾有过‘索隐派’,他们借助离奇的想象,抓住书中的只言片语或某一个人物、情节,跟清代史事相比附,测字猜谜式地从中‘索’出所‘隐’的人和事来。

这是需要我们注意的”可知,“索隐派”用假想比附事实,生造出所谓“隐”的人和事来。

能够将诗性的幻想和具体生存的真实性作扭结一体的游走。

如昌耀的《峨日朵雪峰之侧》就是将深刻体验到的生命、理念、立场、情感,倾注、融贯到精心选择的生命意象中,通过丰富的想象,雕铸成一幅幅真实而顽强的生命图画;郭沫若的《立在地球边上放号》,作者面对浩渺无边的大海,那惊天的激浪和着时代的洪流一起撞击着他的胸怀。

这首对于力的赞歌,正是那种向旧世界、旧文化、旧传统猛烈冲击的时代精神的象征。

2022-2023学年安徽省合肥市高一下学期期中考试数学试题【含答案】

2022-2023学年安徽省合肥市高一下学期期中考试数学试题【含答案】

2022-2023学年安徽省合肥市高一下学期期中考试数学试题一、单选题1.若复数为纯虚数,则实数的值为( )()242iz a a =-+-a A .2B .2或C .D .2-2-4-【答案】C【分析】根据给定条件,利用纯虚数的定义列式计算作答.【详解】因为复数为纯虚数,则有,解得,()242i z a a =-+-24020a a ⎧-=⎨-≠⎩2a =-所以实数的值为.a 2-故选:C2.在中,内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别是a ,b ,c ,且,则的形状为ABC 2cos c a B =ABC ( )A .等腰三角形B .直角三角形C .等腰直角三角形D .等腰三角形或直角三角形【答案】A【分析】已知条件用正弦定理边化角,由展开后化简得,可得出等()sin sin C A B =+tan tan A B =腰三角形的结论.【详解】,由正弦定理,得,2cos c a B =()sin sin 2sin cos C A B A B=+=即sin cos cos sin 2sin cos ,A B A B A B +=∴,可得,sin cos cos sin A B A B =tan tan A B =又,∴,0π,0πA B <<<<A B =则的形状为等腰三角形.ABC 故选:A.3.某圆锥的侧面展开图是半径为3,圆心角为的扇形,则该圆锥的体积为( )120︒A .BC .D 【答案】D【分析】求出扇形的弧长,进而求出圆锥的底面半径,由勾股定理得到圆锥的高,利用圆锥体积公式求解即可.【详解】因为圆锥的侧面展开图是半径为3,圆心角为的扇形,120︒所以该扇形的弧长为,120π32π180⨯=设圆锥的底面半径为,则,解得:,r 2π2πr =1r =因为圆锥的母线长为3,所以圆锥的高为h =该圆锥的体积为.2211ππ133r h =⨯⨯=故选:D4.中,三个内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c .已知,B 的大ABC π4A =a =b =小为( )A .B .C .或D .或π6π3π65π6π32π3【答案】D【分析】根据正弦定理即可求解.【详解】由正弦定理可得sin sin sin a B b A B B =⇒==由于,,所以或,()0,πB ∈b a>B =π32π3故选:D5.设点P 为内一点,且,则( )ABC ∆220PA PB PC ++=:ABP ABC S S ∆∆=A .B .C .D .15251413【答案】A【分析】设AB 的中点是点D ,由题得,所以点P 是CD 上靠近点D 的五等分点,即14PD PC=- 得解.【详解】设AB 的中点是点D ,∵,122PA PB PD PC+==- ∴,14PD PC=- ∴点P 是CD 上靠近点D 的五等分点,∴的面积为的面积的.ABP ∆ABC ∆15故选:A【点睛】本题主要考查向量的运算,意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平.6.如图,在长方体中,已知,,E 为的中点,则异面直1111ABCD A B C D -2AB BC ==15AA =11B C 线BD 与CE 所成角的余弦值为()ABCD【答案】C【分析】根据异面直线所成角的定义,利用几何法找到所成角,结合余弦定理即可求解.【详解】取的中点F ,连接EF ,CF ,,易知,所以为异面直线BD11C D 11B D 11EF B D BD∥∥CEF ∠与CE所成的角或其补角.因为1112EF B D ==CE CF ====余弦定理得.222cos 2EF EC CF CEF EF EC +-∠====⋅故选:C7.在《九章算术》中,底面为矩形的棱台被称为“刍童”.已知棱台是一个侧棱相ABCD A B C D -''''等、高为1的“刍童”,其中,“刍童”外接球的表面积为22AB A B ''==2BC B C ''==( )A .B .CD .20π20π3【答案】A【分析】根据刍童的几何性可知外接球的球心在四棱台上下底面中心连线上,设球心为O ,根据几何关系求出外接球半径即可求其表面积.【详解】如图,连接AC 、BD 、、,设AC ∩BD =M ,∩=N ,连接MN .A C ''B D ''AC ''BD ''∵棱台侧棱相等,∴易知其外接球球心在线段MN 所在直线上,设外接球球心为ABCD A B C D -''''O ,如图当球心在线段MN 延长线上时,易得,MC =2,,,4AC ===2A C ''===1NC '=MN =1,由得,,即OC OC '=2222NC ON OM MC '+=+,()()2222141141OM MN OM OM OM OM ++=+⇒++=+⇒=故OC =OC ==∴外接球表面积为.24π20π⋅=如图当球心在线段MN 上时,由得,,即OC OC '=2222NC ON OM MC '+=+舍去,()()2222141141MN OM OM OM OM OM +-=+⇒+-=+⇒=-故选:A【点睛】关键点睛:利用刍童的几何性确定外接球的球心是解题的关键.8.如图,直角的斜边长为2,,且点分别在轴,轴正半轴上滑动,点ABC ∆BC 30C ∠=︒,B C x y 在线段的右上方.设,(),记,,分别考查A BC OA xOB yOC =+ ,x y ∈R M OA OC =⋅N x y =+的所有运算结果,则,MN A .有最小值,有最大值B .有最大值,有最小值M N M N C .有最大值,有最大值D .有最小值,有最小值M N M N 【答案】B【分析】设,用表示出,根据的取值范围,利用三角函数恒等变换化简,OCB α∠=α,M N α,M N 进而求得最值的情况.,M N 【详解】依题意,所以.设,则30,2,90BCA BC A ∠==∠=1AC AB ==OCB α∠=,所以,,所30,090ABx αα∠=+<<()())30,sin 30Aαα++()()2sin ,0,0,2cos B C αα以,当时,取得最大值()()12cos sin 30sin 2302M OA OC ααα==+=++⋅ 23090,30αα+==M 为.13122+=,所以,所以OA xOB yOC =+ ()sin 302cos x y αα+==时,有最小值为()sin 302cos N x y αα+=+=+ 1=290,45αα==N 故选B.1+【点睛】本小题主要考查平面向量数量积的坐标运算,考查三角函数化简求值,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于难题.二、多选题9.下列关于复数的四个命题,其中为真命题的是( )21i z =-A .z 的虚部为1B .22iz =C .z 的共轭复数为D .1i -+2z =【答案】AB【分析】根据复数的除法运算化简复数,即可结合选项逐一求解.【详解】,故虚部为1,共轭复数为,()()()21i 21i 1i 1i 1i z +===+--+1i-=,故AB 正确,CD 错误,()221i 2i z =+=故选:AB10.蜜蜂的巢房是令人惊叹的神奇天然建筑物.巢房是严格的六角柱状体,它的一端是平整的六角形开口,另一端是封闭的六角菱形的底,由三个相同的菱形组成.巢中被封盖的是自然成熟的蜂蜜.如图是一个蜂巢的正六边形开口,下列说法正确的是( )ABCDEF A .B .AC AE BF -= 32AE AC AD+= C .D .在上的投影向量为AF AB CB CD ⋅=⋅ AD AB AB 【答案】BCD【分析】对A ,利用向量的减法和相反向量即可判断;对B ,根据向量的加法平行四边形法则即可判断;对C ,利用平面向量的数量积运算即可判断;对D ,利用向量的几何意义的知识即可判断.【详解】连接,与交于点,如图所示,,,,,,AE AC AD BF BD CE CE AD H 对于A :,显然由图可得与为相反向量,故A 错误;AC AE AC EA EC -=+= EC BF对于B :由图易得,直线平分角,且为正三角形,根据平行四边形法AE AC=AD EAC ∠ACE △则有,与共线且同方向,2AC AE AH += AH AD易知,均为含角的直角三角形,EDH AEH △π6,即,3AH DH = 所以,34AD AH DH DH DH DH =+=+=又因为,故,26AH DH= 232AH AD=故,故B 正确;32AE AC AD+= 对于C :设正六边形的边长为,ABCDEF a 则,,22π1cos 32AF AB AF AB a⋅=⋅=- 22π1cos 32CB CD CB CD a ⋅=⋅=-所以,故C 正确;AF AB CB CD ⋅=⋅ 对于D :易知,则在上的投影向量为,故D 正确,π2ABD ∠=AD AB AB故选:BCD .11.有一个三棱锥,其中一个面为边长为2的正三角形,有两个面为等腰直角三角形,则该几何体的体积可能是( )AB CD【答案】BCD【分析】分三种情况讨论,作出图形,确定三棱锥中每条棱的长度,即可求出其体积.【详解】如图所示:①若平面,为边长为2的正三角形,,,都是等腰直角三AB ⊥BCD BCD △2AB =ABD △ABC 角形,满足题目条件,故其体积;11222sin 6032V =⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯︒=②若平面,为边长为2的正三角形,,,都是等腰直角三AB ⊥BCD ACD AB =ABD △ABC角形,满足题目条件,故其体积1132V ==③若为边长为2的正三角形,,都是等腰直角三角形,BCD △ABD △ABC,中点,因为,而2AB BC CD AD ====AC =AC E BE AC ⊥,所以,即有平面,故其体积为222DE B D E B +=BE DE ⊥BE ⊥ACD 112232V =⨯⨯=故选:BCD12.如图,已知的内接四边形中,,,,下列说法正确的O ABCD 2AB =6BC =4AD CD ==是( )A .四边形的面积为B ABCDC .D .过作交于点,则4BO CD ⋅=- D DF BC ⊥BC F 10DO DF ⋅=【答案】BCD【分析】A 选项,利用圆内接四边形对角互补及余弦定理求出,,进而求出1cos 7D =-1cos 7B =,利用面积公式进行求解;B 选项,在A 选项基础上,由正弦定理求出外接圆直径;Csin ,sin B D 选项,作出辅助线,利用数量积的几何意义进行求解;D 选项,结合A 选项和C 选项中的结论,先求出∠DOF 的正弦与余弦值,再利用向量数量积公式进行计算.【详解】对于A ,连接,在中,,,AC ACD 21616cos 32AC D +-=2436cos 24AC B +-=由于,所以,故,πB D +=cos cos 0B D +=22324003224AC AC--+=解得,22567AC =所以,,所以1cos 7D =-1cos 7B =sin sin B D ===故11sin 2622ABC S AB BC B =⋅=⨯⨯=11sin 4422ADC S AD DC D =⋅=⨯⨯= 故四边形,故A 错误;ABCD =对于B ,设外接圆半径为,则,R 2sin AC R B ===B 正确;对于C ,连接,过点O 作OG ⊥CD 于点F ,过点B 作BE ⊥CD 于点E ,则由垂径定理得:BD ,122CG CD ==由于,所以,即,πA C +=cos cos 0A C +=22416163601648BD BD +-+-+=解得,所以,所以,且,BD =1cos 2C =π3C =1cos 632CE BC C =⋅=⨯=所以,即在向量上的投影长为1,且与反向,321EF =-= BO CD EG CD 故,故C 正确;4BO CD EG CD ⋅=-⋅=-对于D,由C 选项可知:,故,π3C =sin 604DF CD =⋅︒== 30CDF ∠=︒因为,由对称性可知:DO 为∠ADC 的平分线,故,AD CD =1302ODF ADC ∠=∠-︒由A 选项可知:,显然为锐角,1cos 7ADC ∠=-12ADC ∠故1cos 2ADC ∠==1sin 2ADC ∠==所以1cos cos 302ODF ADC ⎛⎫∠=∠-︒ ⎪⎝⎭11cos cos30sin sin3022ADCADC =∠⋅︒+∠⋅︒=所以,故D 正确.cos 10DO DF DO ODF DF ∠==⋅=⋅ 故选:BCD三、填空题13.已知向量,,若,则________.()2,4a =(),3b m =a b ⊥ m =【答案】6-【分析】依题意可得,根据数量积的坐标表示得到方程,解得即可;0a b ⋅=【详解】因为,且,()2,4a =(),3b m =a b ⊥ 所以,解得.2430a b m ⋅=⨯+⨯=6m =-故答案为:6-14.若复数所对应复平面内的点在第二象限,则实数的取值范围为________;()16z m i i=++m 【答案】60m -<<【分析】先化成复数代数形式得点坐标,再根据条件列不等式解得实数的取值范围.m 【详解】因为对应复平面内的点为,又复数所对应复平面()6z m m i=++6m m +,()16z m i i=++内的点在第二象限,所以06060m m m <⎧∴-<<⎨+>⎩【点睛】本题重点考查复数的概念,属于基本题.复数的实部为、虚部为、模为(,)a bi a b R +∈a b 、对应点为、共轭为(,)a b .-a bi15.已知,是边AB 上一定点,满足,且对于AB 上任一点P ,恒有ABC 0P 014P B AB= .若,,则的面积为________.00PB PC P B P C ⋅≥⋅ π3A =4AC = ABC【答案】【分析】建立直角坐标系,利用平面向量数量积的坐标运算公式,结合二次函数的性质、三角形面积公式进行求解即可.【详解】以所在的直线为横轴,以线段的中垂线为纵轴建立如图所示的直角坐标系,AB AB设,,,因为,所以,()40AB t t =>()2,0A t -()2,0B t 014P B AB =()0,0P t 设,,(),C a b ()(),022P x t x t -≤≤,()()()()002,0,,,,0,,PB t x PC a x b P B t P C a t b =-=-==-由,()()()()2200220PB PC P B P C t x a x t a t x x a t at t ⋅≥⋅⇒--≥-⇒-+++≥设,该二次函数的对称轴为:,()()222f x x x a t at =-++22a tx +=当时,即,222a t x t+=<-6a t <-则有,所以无实数解,()()222042203f t t t a t at t a t-≥⇒++++≥⇒≥-当时,即,222a tx t +=>2a t >则有,所以无实数解,()()22204220f t t t a t at t a t≥⇒-+++≥⇒≤当时,即,2222a tt t +-≤≤62t a t -≤≤则有,而,所以,()()2222400a t at t a ∆=-+-+≤⇒≤⎡⎤⎣⎦20a ≥0a =显然此时在纵轴,而,所以该三角形为等边三角形,()0,C b π3A =故的面积为ABC 1442⨯⨯=故答案为:【点睛】关键点睛:建立合适的直角坐标系,利用二次函数对称轴与区间的位置关系关系分类讨论是解题的关键.16.我国古代数学家祖暅求几何体的体积时,提出一个原理:幂势即同,则积不容异.意思是:夹在两个平行平面之间的两个等高的几何体被平行于这两个面的平面去截,若截面积相等,则两个几何体的体积相等,这个定理的推广是:夹在两个平行平面间的几何体,被平行于这两个平面的平面所截,若截得两个截面面积比为k ,则两个几何体的体积比也为k .已知线段AB 长为4,直线l 过点A 且与AB 垂直,以B 为圆心,以1为半径的圆绕l 旋转一周,得到环体;以A ,B 分别为上M 下底面的圆心,以1为上下底面半径的圆柱体N ;过AB 且与l 垂直的平面为,平面,且距β//αβ离为h ,若平面截圆柱体N 所得截面面积为,平面截环体所得截面面积为,我们可以α1S αM 2S 求出的比值,进而求出环体体积为________.12S S M 【答案】28π【分析】画出示意图的截面,结合图形可得和的值,进而求出圆柱的体积,乘以,可得环1S 2S 2π体的体积,得到答案.M 【详解】画出示意图,可得,14S ==222ππS r r =-外内其中,,(224r =外(224r =内故,即,21π2πS S ==1212πS S =环体体积为.M 22π2π4π8πV =⨯=柱故答案为:28π四、解答题17.如图所示,在中D 、F 分别是BC 、AC 的中点,,,.ABC 23AE AD =AB a =AC b = (1)用,表示向量,;a bAD BF (2)求证:B ,E ,F 三点共线.【答案】(1),()12AD a b =+ 12BF b a=-(2)证明见解析【分析】(1)由向量的线性运算法则求解;(2)用,表示向量、,证明它们共线即可得证.a bBF BE 【详解】(1)∵,,D ,F 分别是BC ,AC 的中点,AB a =AC b = ∴,()()111222AD AB BD AB BC AB AC AB a b=+=+=+-=+ ,12BF AF AB b a=-=- (2)由(1),,∴1233BE b a =- 12BF b a=-1312322332BF b a b a BE ⎛⎫=-=-= ⎪⎝⎭∴与共线,又∵与有公共点B ,BF BE BF BE故B ,E ,F 三点共线.18.在中,a ,b ,c 分别是角A 、B 、C 的对边,且.ABC222a b c +=+(1)求C ;(2)若,求A .tan 2tan B a cC c -=【答案】(1)45C =︒(2)75A =︒【分析】(1)由余弦定理即可求解,(2)利用正弦定理边角互化,结合两角和的正弦公式即可得,进而可求解.60B =︒【详解】(1)∵,∴,∴,222a b c +=+2222a b c ab +-=cos C =由于C 是三角形内角,∴.45C =︒(2)由正弦定理可得,tan 22sin sin tan sin B a c A CC c C --==∴sin cos 2sin sin cos sin sin B C A CB C C -=∴,∴,sin cos 2sin cos sin cos B C A B C B =-sin cos sin cos 2sin cos B C C B A B +=∴,∴.()sin 2sin cos B C A B+=sin(π)sin 2sin cos A A A B ==-∵,∴,sin 0A ≠1cos 2B =由于B 是三角形内角 ,∴,则.60B =︒180456075A ︒-︒-︒==︒19.如图,数轴的交点为,夹角为,与轴、轴正向同向的单位向量分别是.由平面,x y O θx y 21,e e 向量基本定理,对于平面内的任一向量,存在唯一的有序实数对,使得,OP(),x y 12OP xe ye =+ 我们把叫做点在斜坐标系中的坐标(以下各点的坐标都指在斜坐标系中的坐标).(),x y P xOy xOy(1)若为单位向量,且与的夹角为,求点的坐标;90,OP θ=OP 1e 120 P(2)若,点的坐标为,求向量与的夹角的余弦值.45θ=P (OP 1e【答案】(1)1,2⎛- ⎝【分析】(1)时,坐标系为平面直角坐标系,设点利用求出,再90θ= xOy (),P x y 112⋅=- OP e x 利用模长公式计算可得答案;(2)根据向量的模长公式计算可得答案.,12==OP e e 1⋅OP e【详解】(1)当时,坐标系为平面直角坐标系,90θ=xOy 设点,则有,而,(),P x y (),OP x y =()111,0,e OP e x=⋅=又,所以,又因,111cos1202OP e OP e ⋅=⋅⋅=- 12x =-1OP ==解得的坐标是;y =P 1,2⎛- ⎝(2)依题意夹角为,21,e e 12121245,cos45⋅=⋅==e e e e OP e e12OP e e ∴====,()2111121121cos ,2OP e OP e OP e e e e e e e αα⋅=⋅⋅=⋅=+⋅=+⋅=2,cos αα==20.如图所示,在四棱锥中,平面,,E 是的中点.P ABCD -//BC PAD 12BC AD =PD(1)求证:;//BC AD (2)若M 是线段上一动点,则线段上是否存在点N ,使平面?说明理由.CE AD //MN PAB 【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)存在,理由见解析.【分析】(1)根据线面平行的性质定理即可证明;(2)取中点N ,连接,,根据线面平行的性质定理和判断定理即可证明.AD CN EN 【详解】证明:(1)在四棱锥中,平面,平面,P ABCD -//BC PAD BC ⊂ABCD 平面平面,ABCD ⋂PAD AD =∴,//BC AD (2)线段存在点N ,使得平面,理由如下:AD //MN PAB取中点N ,连接,,AD CN EN ∵E ,N 分别为,的中点,PD AD ∴,//EN PA ∵平面,平面,EN ⊄PAB PA ⊂PAB ∴平面,//EN PAB 取AP 中点F,连结EF,BF ,,且,//EF AN =EF AN 因为,,//BC AD 12BC AD =所以,且,//BC EF =BC EF 所以四边形BCEF 为平行四边形,所以.//CE BF 又面PAB ,面PAB ,所以平面;CE ⊄BF ⊂//CE PAB 又,CE EN E = ∴平面平面,//CEN PAB ∵M 是上的动点,平面,CE MN ⊂CEN ∴平面PAB ,//MN ∴线段存在点N ,使得MN ∥平面.AD PAB 21.合肥一中云上农舍有三处苗圃,分别位于图中的三个顶点,已知,ABCAB AC ==.为了解决三个苗圃的灌溉问题,现要在区域内(不包括边界)且与B ,C 等距的40m BC =ABC 一点O 处建立一个蓄水池,并铺设管道OA 、OB 、OC.(1)设,记铺设的管道总长度为,请将y 表示为的函数;OBC θ∠=m y θ(2)当管道总长取最小值时,求的值.θ【答案】(1)()202sin π200cos 4y θθθ-⎛⎫=+<< ⎪⎝⎭(2)π6θ=【分析】(1)根据锐角三角函数即可表示,,进而可求解,20cos BO θ=20sin cos OD θθ=(2)利用,结合三角函数的最值可得.2sin cos k θθ-=k 【详解】(1)由于,在的垂直平分线 上,AB AC ==,OB OC O =∴BC AD 若设,则, ∴OBC θ∠=20cos BO θ=20sin cos OD θθ=20sin 20cos OA θθ=-则;()202sin 202020tan 2200cos cos 4y θπθθθθ-⎛⎫=-+⨯=+<< ⎪⎝⎭(2)令得2sin cos k θθ-=2cos sin k θθ=+≤故,又,故23k≥0k >k ≥min2020y =+此时:得2sin cos θθ-=πsin 2sin 23θθθ⎛⎫+=+= ⎪⎝⎭πsin 13θ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭又,故,故π0,4θ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭ππ32θ+=π6θ=22.数学史上著名的波尔约-格维也纳定理:任意两个面积相等的多边形,它们可以通过相互拼接得到.它由法卡斯·波尔约(FarksBolyai )和保罗·格维也纳(PaulGerwien )两位数学家分别在1833年和1835年给出证明.现在我们来尝试用平面图形拼接空间图形,使它们的全面积都与原平面图形的面积相等:(1)给出两块相同的正三角形纸片(如图1、图2),其中图1,沿正三角形三边中点连线折起,可拼得一个正三棱锥;图2,正三角形三个角上剪出三个相同的四边形(阴影部分),其较长的一组邻边边长为三角形边长的,有一组对角为直角,余下部分按虚线折起,可成一个14缺上底的正三棱柱,而剪出的三个相同的四边形恰好拼成这个正三棱锥的上底.(1)试比较图1与图2剪拼的正三棱锥与正三棱柱的体积的大小;(2)如果给出的是一块任意三角形的纸片(如图3),要求剪拼成一个直三棱柱模型,使它的全面积与给出的三角形的面积相等.请仿照图2设计剪拼方案,用虚线标示在图3中,并作简要说明.【答案】(1)柱锥V V>(2)答案见解析【分析】(1)根据题中的操作过程,结合棱锥、棱锥的体积进行求解比较即可;(2)根据题中操作过程,结合三角形内心的性质、直三棱柱的定义进行操作即可.【详解】(1)依上面剪拼方法,有.柱锥V V >推理如下:设给出正三角形纸片的边长为2,那么,正三棱锥与正三棱柱的底面都是边长为1的正如图所示:在正四面体中,高,DO ===在图2一顶处的四边形中,如图所示:直三棱柱高,()π11tan tan 21622PN PMN MN =∠⋅=⨯⨯-==,13V V h h ⎛⎫-=-= ⎪⎝⎭柱锥柱锥0=>∴.柱锥V V >(2)如图,分别连接三角形的内心与各顶点,得三条线段,再以这三条线段的中点为顶点作三角形.以新作的三角形为直棱柱的底面,过新三角形的三个顶点向原三角形三边作垂线,沿六条垂线剪下三个四边形,可以拼成直三棱柱的上底,余下部分按虚线折起,成为一个缺上底的直三棱柱,再将三个四边形拼成上底即可得到直三棱柱.。

2023-2024学年上海中学高一下学期期中考试英语试卷含答案

2023-2024学年上海中学高一下学期期中考试英语试卷含答案

上海中学2023学年第二学期期中考试英语试卷高一______班学号______ 姓名______ 成绩______Ⅰ.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.15 dollars.B.20 dollars.C.25 dollars.D.45 dollars. 2.A.To the gallery.B.To the dentist’s.C.To her flat.D.To the garage. 3.A.She was fired by the company.B.She broke the law.C.She is on leave right now.D.She is replacing the company’s website. 4.A.Patient and doctor.B.Resident and government official. C.Customer and insurance agent.D.Boss and secretary.5.A.He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson.B.He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson. C.All the tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed.D.He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company. 6.A.She prefers dogs to cats.B.She had a close relationship with the man’s daughter.C.She used to sorrow over her dog’s death.D.She is always in low spirits.7.A.The woman should get the chips herself.B.The woman shouldn’t eat chips.C.The woman used to have several heart attacks.D.The woman warned the man against heart attacks. 8.A.They plan to have the meeting in another place.B.The availability of the meeting room will be discussed.C.They have already had the meeting.D They will have the meeting sometime later.9.A.The car’s demand greatly exceeds supply.B.The woman has listed the car’s advantages. C.The woman received a car a month ago.D.The woman didn’t like the car.10.A.She won’t do the presentation.B.She needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation.C.She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation.D.The topic is most important for the presentation.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper anddecide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.The type of food you freeze.B.The way you warm up the frozen food. C.Whether the freezer bags are sealed.D.What temperature you set your freezer to. 12.A.Because they can be easily stocked.B.Because they fit well in the fridge. C.Because they come in different sizes and shapes.D.Because they help to keep the dry food dry 13.A.Prevent people from eating too much food.B.Stop people from removing food that hasn’t gone bad.C.Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food.D.Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14.A.Postpone retirement age.B.Involve more women in work.C.Hire more foreign workers.D.Attract workers with high salaries. 15.A.Relieve pressure on human nursing care.B.Take care of children and the elderly. C.Finally replace humans in workforce.D.Give humans more time to r creative work. 16.A.Robots can’t do certain work.B.Some people don’t accept robots.C.The expenses for robots are still high.D.The functions of robots need improving. 17.A.Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage.B.Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot.C.Robots have played a major role in Japan’s industry.D.Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18.A.The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment.B.Only half of the cabins will be filled up.C.The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced.D.Everyone will be able to afford the ticket.19.A.Book tickets as soon as they are available.B.Closely watch the changes of ticket prices C.Compare deals from different sources.D.Keep in contact with a travel age n you can trust. 20.A.Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time.B.Because he can work part-time to earn money to pay for the tour.C.Because doing price research and comparing takes time.D.Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap ticket.Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection A Multiple Choice21.No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else.A.which B.that C.who D.as22.______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project?A.Who do you suggest that should B.Who do you suggestC.Whom do you suggest should D.Do you suggest who should23.I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession ______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.A.which, as B.which, which C.which, where D.as, in which 24.The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration.A.that, that B.why, that C.why, because D./, because25.It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition.A.since, made possible B.before, make possibleC.since, made possible that D.before, make it possible26.The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company. A.how it intended to B.that it had intended toC.as it intended to D.what it was intended to27.It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences.A.the moment, that B.the moment, whenC.the moment when, that D.the moment when, which28.The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain.A.so that, as B.such that, as C.so that, with D.such that, in that 29.His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task.A.who, when B.who, /C.what, /D.what, that30.It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field.A but. that B.as, that C.nor, which D.like, which31.______ the children tracked mud all over them again.A.No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B.Hardly had he sweep the floors clean when C.Barely he had swept the floors clean than D.Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when 32.Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded ______ evidence to support his alibi.A.being at home, he should provide B.he be at home, he providedC.he was at home, be provide D.he was at home, he providing33.Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff. A.though B.if C.as D.unless34.The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process. A.explanation B.demonstrations C.illustrations D.presentations35.The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled.A.embraces B.identifies C.examines D.criticizes36.______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help.A.Overwhelmed B.Disappointed C.Frustrated D.Shocked37.After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano.A.concerned with B.committed to C.informed of D convinced of38.When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance.A.break up B.break out C.break through D.break down 39.The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.A.hang on to B.settle for C.pass up D.sign for40.After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company.A.reluctant to B.obliged to C.motivated to D.honored to 41.Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______ A.worthwhile to develop B.worth being developedC.worthy to be developed D.worthy of developingSection B VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again?When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going 42Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover,43 ·accelerated gum’s decline.Even after people 44 from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018.However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with cultural meaning and the subject of various 45 panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kidsor a habit of the lower class.Despite a certain amount of social stigma(污名)attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always 46 to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress.This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars— came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s47 by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is 48 optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional 49 and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same 50 .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial 51 . There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection A ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 52 his idea-a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine(豪车)to kick start the business.Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 53 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 54 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 55 limits your career choices.Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 56 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers-education, training, taking advantage of mentoring-all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 57 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams.Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 58 like luck.The reality of success (at least in terms of 59 )is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 60 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 61 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men.Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 62 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use 63 to get their first job. While research hasshown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter. poorer peers.The truth is: chance and coincidences 64 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 65 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur·but it is all about the individual’s 66 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams.52.A.challenge B.adopt C.finance D.reject 53.A.performances B.accomplishments C.assessments D.outcomes 54.A.accounts for B.applies to C.makes up for D.depends on 55.A.in reward B.after all C.in turn D.by nature 56.A.chance B.accident C.education D.diligence 57.A.emphasizes B.overlooks C.maintains D.weakens 58.A.manageable B.vital C.slippery D.minor 59.A.reputation B.income C.education D.occupation 60.A.wealthier B.poorer C.unique D.diverse 61.A.Nevertheless B.Contrarily C.Consequently D.Similarly 62.A.profession B.circle C.community D.university 63.A.certificates B.online platforms C.career fairs D.family connections 64.A.contribute to B.result from C.add to D.hold back 65.A.inspiring B.encouraging C.appealing D.discouraging 66.A.reluctance B.eagerness C.readiness D.resolutionSection B Passages(A)When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the burnt garlic’s smell, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves(蒜瓣)in an electric oven, and after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that,although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, lwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen ($2.8).67.Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder” in the second paragraph?A mistake B.show C.mixture D.brand68.Who is NOT suitable to drink garlic coffee?A.A student having trouble with sleep B.A woman bearing a baby.C.A cleaner working on a day shift.D.A young lady sick of garlic.69.Which of the following is NOT characteristic of garlic coffee?A.It is caffeine-free.B.Garlic powder dissolves in waterC.The burnt garlic create s bitterness.D.It is an improvement on a garlic dish. 70.Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A.Venturous and greedy B.Innovative and perseverantC.Hardworking and cautious D.Observant and helpful(B)71.By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.”A.make sense to manufacturers B.get stuck in storesC are compared with each other D.are piled up together72.Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A.Dreampad pillow B.Eight sleep trackerC.Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D.Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System 73.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B.The Nightinga, is an economical but perfect device.C.Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D.One in three people suffer from sleep problem.(C)One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches(雀)resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they’ll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers(莺)exploring the woods nearby don’t depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This “explore-exploit” trade-off(权衡)has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms(算法), trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn’t much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo(原状). When the going gets tough. however, explorers are the winners.The new study, led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the University of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on “bottom longline” fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O’Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy (浮标)at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot.Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that thefishermen were fairly consistent. “The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what they know,” Dr. O’Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they’d sample new places.In the long run, there wasn’t a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O’Farrell. But in challenging times, the study’s message was clear: “You can try new things in the face of uncertainty.”74.The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that ______.A.like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB.some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC.there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD.birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather75.According to the third paragraph, people who mastered “explore-exploit” trade-off ______.A.will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB.are ready to risk in time of difficultyC.will be tough in good times and bad timesD.will grow to be experts in lab studies76.Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico?A.The two groups react to the unexpected differently.B.The “explore-exploit” trade-off helps scientific research a lot.C.The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience.D.The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run.77.Which of the following can be the best title for passage?A.How the Exploiter differs from the Explorer B.How to Become a Productive Fisherman C.What is “Explore-Exploit” Trade-off D.When to take risks mattersSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you—which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. 78 . While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components — flavanol, especially.79 . In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoa flavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo(安慰剂).Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes(糖尿病). 80 . Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate—and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao (also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea)could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex.What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. 81 . So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research.Ⅳ.Fill in the BlanksHow sneaker culture took over the worldSneakers have come a long way from when they were first invented in 1860s England for the upper-class playing croquet(槌球)and tennis.Long worn for function 82 82 fashion, today sneakers have become an entire culture—both a form of self-expression and a high art found in museum exhibits and designer auction houses.83 transformed sneaker culture into a true phenomenon was the 1985 release of Nike’s Air Jordan 1s. In 1984, Michael Jordan was a talented rookie who had yet to play in a professional game. 84 that, Nike saw Jordan as the future of their brand, signing him to a five-year, $2.5 million endorsement(代言)deal. 85 Jordan matured into one of the greatest basketball players of all time, the sneaker’s popularity skyrocketed.Meanwhile, another cultural shift 86 (take)place with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses. It was when men were allowed to put aside their suits and wear something one day a week that showed people who they really were.As sneakers became increasingly desired, footwear companies turned to 87 (generate)even more publicity by collaborating with celebrities and luxury brands, as well as releasing small batches of limited-edition shoes with eye-pop ping designs.Celebrities also started their collaborations with sneaker brands, which helped target a whole new demographic of people to experience sneaker culture. It was a blending of high and low fashion, 88 the shoe industry has never really seen before. A pair that Jordan wore in his legendary final NBA season 89 (sell )even for $2.2 mllion, making them the most expensive sneakers ever to appear at auction.By the mid-2010s, speakers 90 (become)solid gold status symbols. Wearing rare and cool sneakers became an expression of one’s social status. But not until recently, sneakers are finally getting their due as part of our cultural heritage—and particularly how Black culture has shaped that heritage. It took decades for the sneaker industry to recognize that 91 these Black athletes or artists that championed their products there would be no sneaker culture.Ⅴ.Translations92.结果看来这项传统的确值得传承给我们的后代。

深圳中学2022—2023学年度第二学期期中考试高一语文试题及答案

深圳中学2022—2023学年度第二学期期中考试高一语文试题及答案

深圳中学2022—2023学年度第二学期期中考试试题高一语文考试时长:150分钟卷而总分:150分一、单项选择题(共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)1.下列句子中,不含通假字的一组是()(2分)A.失其所与,不知河海不择细流B.遂散六国之从盖亦反其本矣C.焉用亡郑以陪邻籍寇兵而贵盗粮D.俯足以畜妻子申之以孝悌之义2.下列加点词的解释全部正确的一组是()(2分)A.功施.到今施:施展/王若隐.其无罪而就死地隐:隐瞒B.批.大郤,导大窾批:击/如上委.地委:散落C.臣以神遇.而不以目视遇:对待/道芷阳间.行间:秘密地D.且君尝为晋君赐.矣赐:赏赐/又欲肆.其西封肆:肆意3.对下列句中加点词的意义和用法完全一致的一组是()(2分)A.方.六七十/且知方.也B.杀人如不能举./举.所佩玉玦以示之者三C.度.我至军中,君乃入/道不通,度.己失期D.沛公不胜.杯杓/刑人如恐不胜.4.下列句子中加点词的意义与现代汉语相同的一组是()(2分)A.沛公奉卮酒为寿,约为婚姻..B.依乎天理..,批大郤,导大窾C.三年之后,未尝..见全牛也D.莅中国..而抚四夷也5.成语,是古代汉语的活化石。

下列我们学过的文中原句与所选成语都有一个共同的字,它们的意思都相同的一组是()(2分)①“料大王士卒足以当项王乎”旗鼓相当②“因人之力而敝之,不仁”因利乘便③“微夫人之力不及此”微乎其微④“何伤乎,亦各言其志也”无伤大雅⑤“肩之所倚,足之所履”削足适履⑥“今急而求子,是寡人之过也”是可忍,孰不可忍A.①②⑤⑥ B.①②④⑥ C.①③④⑤ D.②④⑤⑥6.下列加点词的活用现象相同的一组是()(2分)A.赤也为之小.,孰能为之大.三子者出,曾皙后.B.然后从而刑.之强.公室,杜私门C.共其乏困..越国以鄙远.D.欲辟土地,朝.秦楚王无异.于百姓之以王为爱也7.下列“而”的用法与其他项不同的一项是()(2分)A.无恒产而有恒心者,惟士为能B.士不产于秦,而愿忠者众C.今人有大功而击之D.此惟救死而恐不赡8.下列句子中加点虚词的意义和用法相同的一组是()(2分)A.夫我乃.行之,反而求之,不得吾心/合于《桑林》之舞,乃.中《经苜》之会B.敢以.烦执事/以.乱易整,不武C.异乎.三子者之撰/岂敢反乎.D.邹人与.楚人战,则王以为孰胜/可得闻与.9.与“百姓之不见保”句式相同的一项是()(2分)A.若属皆且为所虏 B.臣之所好者道也C.保民而王,莫之能御也 D.宜乎百姓之谓我爱也10.下列各项对文化常识的介绍有错误的一项是()(2分)A.寡人,即寡德之人,君王对自己的谦称,类似的还有予一人、孤、不榖、陛下等。

安徽省马鞍山市重点中学2022-2023学年度高一下学期期中考试数学试题及参考答案

安徽省马鞍山市重点中学2022-2023学年度高一下学期期中考试数学试题及参考答案

马鞍山市重点中学2022-2023学年度高一第二学期期中考试数学试卷(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级和准考证号填涂在答题卡指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时,用0.5mm 黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。

一、单选题(本大题共8个小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.) 1.复数12i z =-+,则z =( ) A .12i -B .12i +C .12i -+D .12i --2.已知向量(2,1)(2,4)a b ==-,,则( ) A .2B .3C .4D .5 3.已知边长为3的正方形ABCD ,点E 满足2DE EC =,则AE AC ⋅等于( ) A .6B .9C .12D .154.在△ABC 中,cos C =23,AC =4,BC =3,则cos B =( ) A .19B .13C .12D .235.一海轮从A 处出发,以每小时40海里的速度沿南偏东35︒的方向直线航行,30分钟后到达B 处,在C 处有一座灯塔,海轮在A 处观察灯塔,其方向是南偏东65︒,在B 处观察灯塔,其方向是北偏东70︒,那么B ,C 两点间的距离是( ) A .103海里 B .203海里 C .102 海里 D .202海里6.已知向量,若a 与a λb +的夹角为锐角,则实数λ的取值范围是( ) A .5,3⎛⎫-+∞ ⎪⎝⎭B .5,3⎛⎫-∞- ⎪⎝⎭C .5,3⎛⎫-∞ ⎪⎝⎭D .()5,00,3⎛⎫-⋃+∞ ⎪⎝⎭7.△ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,已知a sin A -b sin B =4c sin C ,cos A =-14,则bc=( )A .6B .5C .4D .38.在矩形ABCD 中,1AB =,2AD =,动点P 在以点A 为圆心的单位圆上.若(),R AP AB AD λμλμ=+∈,则λμ+的最大值为( )A .3B .5C .52D .2二、多选题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分.)9.已知向量()()()2,13,21,1a b c =-=-=,,,则( ) A .//a b B .()a b c +⊥ C .a b c +=D .53c a b =+10.若复数z 满足()12i 8i z -=-,则( ) A .z 的实部为2 B .z 的模为13C .z 的虚部为2D .z 在复平面内表示的点位于第四象限 11.在ABC 中,AB c =,BC a =,CA b =,下列命题为真命题的有( ) A .若a b >,则sin sin A B >B .若0a b ⋅>,则ABC 为锐角三角形 C .若0a b ⋅=,则ABC 为直角三角形D .若()()=0,则ABC 为直角三角形12.在锐角ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对边分别为a ,b ,c ,外接圆半径为R ,若3a =3A π=,则( )A .1R =B 32b <C .bc 的最大值为3D .223b c bc ++的取值范围为(]11,15三、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.请把答案填在答题卡的相应位置.)13.已知向量()()1,3,3,4a b ==,若()a b b λ-⊥,则λ=________.14.ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边α,b ,c ,已知30B ︒=,3b =,3c =,则A =________. 15.某教师组织本班学生开展课外实地测量活动,如图是要测山高MN .现选择点A 和另一座山顶点C 作为测量观测点,从A 测得点M 的仰角45MAN ∠=︒,点C 的仰角30CAB ∠=︒,测得75MAC ∠=︒,60MCA ∠=︒,已知另一座山高400BC =米,则山高MN =_______米.16.记ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,3cos 5A =,若ABC 的面积为2,则当ABC 的周长取到最小值时,ba=______.四、解答题(本大题共6小题,17题10分,18-22题每小题12分,共70分.解答题应写出文字说明、演算步骤或证明过程.解答写在答题卡上的指定区域内.) 17.已知()1,3A ,()2,2B -,()4,1C . (1)若AB CD =,求D 点的坐标;(2)设向量a AB =,b BC =,若ka b -与3a b +平行,求实数k 的值.18.已知:复数()22i1i 1iz =+++,其中i 为虚数单位. (1)求z 及z ;(2)若223i z az b ++=+,求实数,a b 的值.19.在ABC 中,sin 23sin C C =. (1)求C ∠;(2)若6b =,且ABC 的面积为63,求ABC 的周长.20.如图,已知ABC ∆中,D 为BC 的中点,12AE EC =,AD BE ,交于点F ,设AC a =,AD b =.(1)用,a b 分别表示向量AB ,EB ; (2)若AF t AD =,求实数t 的值.21.在ABC 中,3A π=,2b =,再从条件①、条件②这两个条件中选择一个作为已知,求(1)B 的大小; (2)ABC 的面积.条件①:2222b ac a c +=+;条件②:cos sin a B b A =.22.在锐角△ABC 中,23a =,(2)cos cos b c A a C -=, (1)求角A ;(2)求△ABC 的周长l 的范围.参考答案:1.D【分析】根据共轭复数的概念即可确定答案. 【详解】因为复数12i z =-+,则12i z =--, 故选:D 2.D【分析】先求得a b -,然后求得a b -.【详解】因为()()()2,12,44,3a b -=--=-,所以()22435-=+-=a b .故选:D 3.D【分析】数形结合知3AB AD ==,AB DC =,0AB AD ⋅=,2233DE DC AB ==,利用向量的加法法则及向量的数量积运算即可得解.【详解】方法一:因为四边形ABCD 为边长为3的正方形,所以3AB AD ==,AB DC =,0AB AD ⋅=,因为2DE EC =,所以2233DE DC AB ==, 则()()()()23AE AC AD DE AB AD AB AD AB AD ⋅=++=++ 2232215AB AB AD AD =⋅++=; 方法二:以D 为坐标原点建立如图所示直角坐标系,因为2DE EC =,所以点E 为线段DC 上靠近点C 的三等分点,则(0,0),(0,3),(3,0),(2,0)D A C E ,因为(2,3),(3,3)AE AC =-=-,所以6915AE AC ⋅=+=.故选:D【点睛】本题考查向量的线性运算及数量积,属于基础题. 4.A【分析】根据已知条件结合余弦定理求得AB ,再根据222cos 2AB BC AC B AB BC+-=⋅,即可求得答案.【详解】在ABC 中,2cos 3C =,4AC =,3BC = 根据余弦定理:2222cos AB AC BC AC BC C =+-⋅⋅ 2224322433AB =+-⨯⨯⨯可得29AB = ,即3AB = 由22299161cos22339AB BC AC B AB BC +-+-===⋅⨯⨯故1cos 9B =. 故选:A.【点睛】本题主要考查了余弦定理解三角形,考查了分析能力和计算能力,属于基础题. 5.C【分析】根据题意画出草图,确定BAC ∠、ABC ∠的值,进而可得到ACB ∠的值,根据正弦定理可得到BC 的值. 【详解】解:如图,由已知可得,30BAC ∠=︒,3570105ABC ∠=︒+︒=︒,140202AB =⨯=, 从而1801803010545ACB BAC ABC ∠=︒-∠-∠=︒-︒-︒=︒. 在ABC 中,由正弦定理sin sin BC ABBAC ACB=∠∠,可得1sin30sin 452AB BC =⨯︒==︒ 故选:C . 6.D【分析】根据向量夹角为锐角列出不等式组,求出λ的取值范围. 【详解】()()()1,2,1,2a b λλλλλ+=+=++, 由题意得:()()1220λλ+++>且212λλ++≠,解得:53λ>-且0λ≠,故选:D 7.A【分析】利用余弦定理推论得出a ,b ,c 关系,在结合正弦定理边角互换列出方程,解出结果.【详解】详解:由已知及正弦定理可得2224a b c -=,由余弦定理推论可得 22222141313cos ,,,464224242b c a c c c b A bc bc b c +---==∴=-∴=∴=⨯=,故选A . 【点睛】本题考查正弦定理及余弦定理推论的应用. 8.C【分析】构建直角坐标系,令(cos ,sin )AP θθ=,[0,2)θπ∈,根据向量线性关系的坐标表示列方程组得cos 2sin θμθλ=⎧⎨=⎩,结合辅助角公式、正弦函数性质求最值.【详解】构建如下直角坐标系:(0,1),(2,0)AB AD ==,令(cos ,sin )AP θθ=,[0,2)θπ∈,由(),R AP AB AD λμλμ=+∈可得:cos 2sin θμθλ=⎧⎨=⎩,则cos 5sin )2θλμθθϕ+=+=+且1tan 2ϕ=,所以当sin()1θϕ+=时,λμ+5. 故选:C 9.BD【分析】根据向量的平行与垂直坐标公式及加减运算对选项一一判断即可. 【详解】因为()()221310⨯--⨯-=≠,所以,a b 不平行,则A 错; 由()()()1,11,1110a b c +⋅=-⋅=-+=,所以()a b c +⊥,则B 正确; 由()1,1a b =-+,()1,1c =,故C 错;由()()53109,561,1a b c +=--+==,故D 正确. 故选:BD 10.AB【分析】化简复数后根据实部、虚部的概念可判断选项A 、C ,求出复数的模,可判断选项B ,根据复数的几何意义可判断选项D. 【详解】因为()()()()8i 12i 8i 1015i 23i 12i 12i 12i 5z -+-+====+--+, 所以z 的实部为2,z 的虚部为3,所以23||2313z =+=z 在复平面内表示的点位于第一象限故A 、B 正确,C ,D 错误. 故选:AB 11.ACD【分析】利用正弦定理判断选项A ,利用数量积的性质判断选项B 和C ,利用数量积的性质和余弦定理判断选项D .【详解】解:A :若a b >,由正弦定理得2sin 2sin R A R B >,sin sin A B ∴>,则 A 正确;B :若0a b ⋅>,则cos()0ACB π-∠>,cos 0ACB ∴∠<,即ACB ∠为钝角,ABC ∴为钝角三角形,故 B 错误;C :若0a b ⋅=,则AC BC ⊥,ABC ∴为直角三角形,故 C 正确;D :若()()0b c a b a c +-⋅+-=,则22()0b a c --=,2222a c b a c ∴+-=⋅,222cos 2a c b B a c+-=- ,由余弦定理知222cos 2a c b B a c+-=,cos cos B B ∴=-,则cos 0B =, (0,)B π∈,2B π∴=,ABC 为直角三角形,故 D 正确.故选:ACD . 12.ACD【分析】由正弦定理求外接圆半径;由题设知1sin (,1)2B ∈,结合2sin b R B =即可求范围;由余弦定理及基本不等式求bc 的最大值,注意取最大的条件;由C 分析有222234()9b c bc b c ++=+-,结合正弦定理边角关系及,B C 的范围,应用二倍角正余弦等恒等变换,根据三角函数的值域求范围. 【详解】由题设,外接圆直径为22sin aR A==,故1R =,A 正确; 锐角ABC 中3090B ︒<<︒,则1sin (,1)2B ∈,故2sin (1,2)b R B =∈,B 错误;22222313cos 12222b c a b c A bc bc bc+-+-===≥-,则3bc ≤,当且仅当b c ==C正确;由C 分析知:222234()9b c bc b c ++=+-,而2sin ,2sin b B c C ==,又2(,)362B C πππ=-∈且(,)62C ππ∈,则22224(sin sin )42(cos 2cos 2)b c B C B C +=+=-+=42cos[()()]2cos[()()]B C B C B C B C -++--+-- 44cos()cos()B C B C =-+-242cos(2)3C π=+-,而22(,)333C πππ-∈-, 所以21cos(2)(,1]32C π-∈,则242cos(2)(5,6]3C π+-∈, 所以223(11,15]b c bc ++∈,D 正确. 故选:ACD【点睛】关键点点睛:D 选项222234()9b c bc b c ++=+-,应用边角关系及角的范围,结合三角恒等变换将22b c +转化为三角函数性质求范围.13.35【分析】根据平面向量数量积的坐标表示以及向量的线性运算列出方程,即可解出. 【详解】因为()()()1,33,413,34a b λλλλ-=-=--,所以由()a b b λ-⊥可得, ()()3134340λλ-+-=,解得35λ=.故答案为:35.【点睛】本题解题关键是熟记平面向量数量积的坐标表示,设()()1122,,,a x y b x y ==,121200a b a b x x y y ⊥⇔⋅=⇔+=,注意与平面向量平行的坐标表示区分.14.90︒或30︒【解析】由正弦定理求A ,注意有两解.【详解】由正弦定理sin sin b c B C =得sin sin c B C b == 因为c b >,所以C B >,所以60C =︒或120°. A =90°或30°. 故答案为:90°或30°.【点睛】本题考查正弦定理,掌握正弦定理是解题关键.但要注意用正弦定理解三角形可能会有两解.15.【分析】在直角ABC 得AC ,在AMC 中,由正弦定理求得AM ,再在直角AMN 中,求得MN .【详解】显然MN 与CB 平行且与,,AN AB BN 都垂直,30CAB ∠=︒,则2800AC BC ==, AMC 中,180756045AMC ∠=︒-︒-︒=︒,由正弦定理sin sin AM AC ACM AMC =∠∠得800sin 60sin 45AM =︒︒,AM =又直角AMN 中,45MAN ∠=︒,所以MN AM =故答案为:16 【分析】根据给定条件,结合三角形面积定理、余弦定理求出周长的函数表达式,再借助函数性质、均值不等式计算作答. 【详解】由题意得4sin 5A =,因为1sin 22ABC S bc A ==,则5bc =,由余弦定理2223cos 25b c a A bc +-==,得22()16b c a +=+,即b c +=,则a b c a ++=而函数()f x x =()0,∞+上单调递增,即当a 最小时,ABC 的周长最小, 显然2216()420a b c bc +=+≥=,当且仅当b c =“=”,此时min 2a =,所以当ABC 的周长取到最小值时,b a =.17.(1)4(5,)D - (2)13k =-【分析】(1)根据题意设(,)D x y ,写出,C AB D 的坐标,根据向量相等的坐标关系求解; (2)直接根据向量共线的坐标公式求解即可.【详解】(1)设(,)D x y ,又因为()()()1,3,2,2,4,1A B C -,所以=(1,5),(4,1)AB CD x y -=--,因为=AB CD ,所以4115x y -=⎧⎨-=-⎩,得54x y =⎧⎨=-⎩, 所以4(5,)D -.(2)由题意得,(1,5)a =-,(2,3)b =,所以=(2,53)ka b k k ----,3(7,4)a b +=,因为ka b -与3a b +平行,所以4(2)7(53)0k k ----=,解得13k =-. 所以实数k 的值为13-.18.(1)13i z =+,z =(2)1a =,9b =【详解】(1)()()()()222i 1i 2i 1i 2i 2i i i 13i 1i 1i 1i z -=++=+=+-=+++-,则z (2)由(1)得:()()()()213i 13i 86i 3i 863i 23i a b a a b a b a ++-+=-++-+=+-+-=+, 82633a b a +-=⎧∴⎨-=⎩,解得:19a b =⎧⎨=⎩. 19.(1)6π (2)663【分析】(1)利用二倍角的正弦公式化简可得cos C 的值,结合角C 的取值范围可求得角C 的值;(2)利用三角形的面积公式可求得a 的值,由余弦定理可求得c 的值,即可求得ABC 的周长.【详解】(1)解:因为()0,C π∈,则sin 0C >2sin cos C C C =,可得cos C =,因此,6C π=. (2)解:由三角形的面积公式可得13sin 22ABC S ab C a ===,解得a =由余弦定理可得2222cos 48362612c a b ab C =+-=+-⨯=,c ∴=所以,ABC的周长为6a b c ++=.20.(1)2AB b a =-,423EB a b -+=;(2)12t =. 【解析】(1)根据向量线性运算,结合线段关系,即可用,a b 分别表示向量AB ,EB ; (2)用,a b 分别表示向量FB ,EB ,由平面向量共线基本定理,即可求得t 的值.【详解】(1)由题意,D 为BC 的中点,12AE EC =,可得13AE AC =,AC a =,AD b =. ∵2AB AC AD +=,∴2AB b a =-,∴–EB AB AE = 123b a a =-- 423a b =-+ (2)∵AD A tb F t ==,∴–FB AB AF =()2a t b =-+- ∵423EB a b -+=,FB ,EB 共线, 由平面向量共线基本定理可知满足12423t --=-, 解得12t =. 【点睛】本题考查了平面向量的线性运算,平面向量共线基本定理的应用,属于基础题. 21.选择见解析;(1)4B π=;(2【分析】选择条件①时:(1)利用余弦定理求出cos B 和B 的值;(2)由正弦定理求出a 的值,再利用三角形内角和定理求出sin C ,计算ABC 的面积.选择条件②时:(1)由正弦定理求出tan B 和B 的值;(2)由正弦定理求出a 的值,再利用三角形内角和定理求出sin C ,计算ABC 的面积.【详解】选择条件①:222b a c =+,(1)由222b a c =+,得222a c b +-=,所以222cos 2a c b B ac +-===; 又(0,)B π∈, 所以4B π=;(2)由正弦定理知sin sin a b A B =,所以sin sin b A a B==所以()1sin sin sin cos cos sin 2C A B A B A B =+=+==所以ABC 的面积为11sin 22ABC S ab C ==△. 选择条件②:cos sin a B b A =.(1)由正弦定理得sin sin a b A B=, 所以sin sin a B b A =;又cos sin a B b A =,所以sin cos B B =,所以tan 1B =;又(0,)B π∈, 所以4B π=;(2)由正弦定理知sin sin a b A B =,所以sin sin b A a B==所以()1sin sin sin cos cos sin 2C A B A B A B =+=+==所以ABC 的面积为11sin 22ABC S ab C ==△. 【点睛】方法点睛:(1)在解有关三角形的题目时,要有意识地考虑用哪个定理更适合,或是两个定理都要用,要抓住能够利用某个定理的信息,一般地,如果式子中含有角的余弦或边的二次式,要考虑用余弦定理;如果遇到的式子中含有角的正弦或边的一次式时,则考虑用正弦定理;以上特征都不明显时,则要考虑两个定理都有可能用到;(2)解题中注意三角形内角和定理的应用及角的范围限制.22.(1)3π.(2)(6+ 【分析】(1)根据正弦定理边化角以及两角和的正弦公式,可得1cos 2A =,可得3A π=; (2)利用正弦定理将l 表示为B 的函数,根据锐角三角形得B 的范围,再根据正弦函数的图象可得结果.【详解】(1)∵(2)cos cos b c A a C -=,2cos cos cos b A a C c A ∴=+,所以2sin cos sin cos sin cos B A A C C A =+,所以2sin cos sin()B A A C =+,所以2sin cos sin B A B =,因为sin 0B ≠,所以1cos 2A =, 0,2A π⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,所以3A π=. (2)4sin a A ==, 所以4sin sin b c B C==,所以4sin b B =,24sin 4sin()3c C Bπ==-, 所以24sin 4sin()3l a b c B Bπ=++=+-6sinB B =+ )6B π=+ 因为△ABC 是锐角三角形,且3A π=,所以022032B B πππ⎧<<⎪⎪⎨⎪<-<⎪⎩,解得62B ππ<<, 所以2(,)633B πππ+∈,所以sin()6B π+∈, 所以(6l ∈+.【点睛】本题考查了正弦定理、两角和的正弦公式、锐角三角形的概念和正弦函数的图象的应用,属于中档题。

北京市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题含答案

北京市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题含答案

北京2023—2024学年第二学期期中练习高一数学(答案在最后)2024.04说明:本试卷共4页,共120分.考试时长90分钟.一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.sin120︒的值等于()A.12-B.12C.2D.2【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据特殊角的三角函数值得到2,从而可求解.【详解】由题意可得sin1202︒=,故D 正确.故选:D.2.若角α的终边过点()4,3,则πsin 2α⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭()A.45B.45-C.35D.35-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据余弦函数定义结合诱导公式计算求解即可.【详解】因为角α的终边过点()4,3,所以4cos 5α==,所以π4sin cos 25αα⎛⎫+== ⎪⎝⎭.故选:A3.已知扇形的弧长为4cm ,圆心角为2rad ,则此扇形的面积是()A.22cmB.24cm C.26cm D.28cm 【答案】B【解析】【分析】由条件结合弧长公式l R α=求出圆的半径,然后结合扇形的面积公式12S lR =可得答案.【详解】因为扇形的圆心角2rad α=,它所对的弧长4cm l =,所以根据弧长公式l R α=可得,圆的半径2R =,所以扇形的面积211424cm 22S lR ==⨯⨯=;故选:B .4.向量a ,b ,c在正方形网格中的位置如图所示,若向量c a b λ=+,则实数λ=()A.2-B.1-C.1D.2【答案】D 【解析】【分析】将3个向量的起点归于原点,根据题设得到它们的坐标,从而可求λ的值.【详解】如图,将,,a b c的起点平移到原点,则()()()1,1,0,1,2,1a b c ==-= ,由c a b λ=+可得()()()2,11,10,1λ=+-,解得2λ=,故选:D.5.下列四个函数中以π为最小正周期且为奇函数的是()A.()cos2f x x =B.()tan2x f x =C.()()tan f x x =- D.()sin f x x=【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据三角函数的周期性和奇偶性对选项逐一分析,由此确定正确选项.【详解】对于A ,函数()cos2f x x =的最小正周期为π,因为()()()cos 2cos 2f x x x f x -=-==,所以()cos2f x x =为偶函数,A 错误,对于B ,函数()tan 2xf x =的最小正周期为2π,因为()()tan tan 22x x f x f x ⎛⎫-=-=-=- ⎪⎝⎭,所以函数()tan 2x f x =为奇函数,B 错误,对于C ,函数()()tan f x x =-的最小正周期为π,因为()()()tan tan f x x x f x -==--=-,所以函数()()tan f x x =-为奇函数,C 正确,对于D ,函数()sin f x x =的图象如下:所以函数()sin f x x =不是周期函数,且函数()sin f x x =为偶函数,D 错误,6.在ABC 中,4AB =,3AC =,且AB AC AB AC +=- ,则AB BC ⋅= ()A.16B.16- C.20D.20-【答案】B 【解析】【分析】将AB AC AB AC +=- 两边平方,即可得到0AB AC ⋅=,再由数量积的运算律计算可得.【详解】因为AB AC AB AC +=- ,所以()()22AB ACAB AC +=-,即222222AB AB AC AC AB AB AC AC +⋅+=-⋅+uu u r uu u r uuu r uuu r uu u r uu u r uuu r uuu r ,所以0AB AC ⋅= ,即AB AC ⊥ ,所以()220416AB BC AB AC AB AB AC AB ⋅=⋅-=⋅-=-=- .故选:B7.函数cos tan y x x =⋅在区间3,22ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上的图像为()A.B.C.D.【答案】C 【解析】【分析】分别讨论x 在3,,[,)22ππππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上tan x 的符号,然后切化弦将函数化简,作出图像即可.【详解】因为3,22x ππ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,所以sin ,,23sin ,.2x x y x x πππ⎧-<<⎪⎪=⎨⎪≤<⎪⎩故选:C.8.已知函数()sin 24f x x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,则“()ππ8k k α=+∈Z ”是“()f x α+是偶函数,且()f x α-是奇函数”的()A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【解析】【分析】首先求出()f x α+、()f x α-的解析式,再根据正弦函数的性质求出使()f x α+是偶函数且()f x α-是奇函数时α的取值,再根据充分条件、必要条件的定义判断即可.【详解】因为()sin 24f x x π⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭,则()sin 224f x x ααπ⎛⎫+=++ ⎪⎝⎭,()sin 224f x x ααπ⎛⎫-=-+ ⎪⎝⎭,若()f x α-是奇函数,则112π,Z 4k k απ-+=∈,解得11π,Z 82k k απ=-∈,若()f x α+是偶函数,则222π,Z 42k k αππ+=+∈,解得22π,Z 82k k απ=+∈,所以若()f x α+是偶函数且()f x α-是奇函数,则π,Z 82k k απ=+∈,所以由()ππ8k k α=+∈Z 推得出()f x α+是偶函数,且()f x α-是奇函数,故充分性成立;由()f x α+是偶函数,且()f x α-是奇函数推不出()ππ8k k α=+∈Z ,故必要性不成立,所以“()ππ8k k α=+∈Z ”是“()f x α+是偶函数,且()f x α-是奇函数”的充分不必要条件.故选:A9.已知向量,,a b c 共面,且均为单位向量,0a b ⋅= ,则a b c ++ 的最大值是()A.1+ B.C.D.1-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据题意,可设出向量,,a b c 的坐标,由于这三个向量都是单位向量,则向量,,a b c的终点都落在以坐标原点为圆心的单位圆上,作出示意图,由向量的性质可知,只有当c 与a b +同向时,a b c ++ 有最大值,求解即可.【详解】因为向量,,a b c 共面,且均为单位向量,0a b ⋅= ,可设()1,0a =,()0,1b = ,(),c x y = ,如图,所以2a b += ,当c 与a b +同向时,此时a b c ++ 有最大值,为21+.故选:A .10.窗花是贴在窗户玻璃上的贴纸,它是中国古老的传统民间艺术之一在2022年虎年新春来临之际,人们设计了一种由外围四个大小相等的半圆和中间正方形所构成的剪纸窗花(如图1).已知正方形ABCD 的边长为2,中心为O ,四个半圆的圆心均为正方形ABCD 各边的中点(如图2),若P 为 BC 的中点,则()PO PA PB ⋅+=()A .4B.6C.8D.10【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据平面向量的线性运算将()PO PA PB ⋅+ 化为OA 、OB 、OP表示,再根据平面向量数量积的运算律可求出结果.【详解】依题意得||||2OA OB ==,||2OP =,3π4AOP =Ð,π4BOP =Ð,所以3π2||||cos 22(242OA OP OA OP ⋅=⋅=⨯-=- ,π2||||cos 22242OB OP OB OP ⋅=⋅=⨯= ,所以()PO PA PB ⋅+= ()OP OA OP OB OP -⋅-+- 22||OA OP OB OP OP =-⋅-⋅+ 222228=-+⨯=.故选:C二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分,把答案填在题中横线上)11.写出一个与向量()3,4a =-共线的单位向量_____________.【答案】34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭(答案不唯一)【解析】【分析】先求出a r ,则aa±即为所求.【详解】5a ==所以与向量()3,4a =- 共线的单位向量为34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭或34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.故答案为:34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭(答案不唯一)12.已知函数()()sin 0,0,2πf x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>><⎪⎝⎭的部分图象如图,则π3f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭__________.【解析】【分析】根据图象可得函数()f x 的最大值,最小值,周期,由此可求,A ω,再由5π212f ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭求ϕ,由此求得的解析式,然后求得π3f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭.【详解】由图可知,函数()f x 的最大值为2,最小值为2-,35ππ3π41234T =+=,当5π12x =时,函数()f x 取最大值2,又()()sin 0,0,2πf x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>>< ⎪⎝⎭所以2A =,32π3π44ω⨯=,所以2ω=,所以()()2sin 2f x x ϕ=+,又5π212f ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭,所以5π5π2sin 2126f ϕ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,由于πππ5π4π,22363ϕϕ-<<<+<,所以5πππ,623ϕϕ+==-,所以()π2sin 23f x x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,ππ2sin 33f ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭.13.已知函数()()πsin 0,2f x x ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>< ⎪⎝⎭的图象过点10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,则ϕ=__________.,若将函数()f x 图象仅向左平移π4个单位长度和仅向右平移π2个单位长度都能得到同一个函数的图象,则ω的最小值为__________.【答案】①.π6##1π6②.83##223【解析】【分析】由条件列方程求ϕ,再利用平移变换分别得到变换后的函数解析式,并根据相位差为2π,Z k k ∈求解;【详解】因为函数()()sin f x x ωϕ=+的图象过点10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,所以1sin 2ϕ=,又π2ϕ<,所以π6ϕ=,函数()πsin 6f x x ω⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭(0ω>)的图象仅向左平移π4个单位长度得到函数ππππsin sin 4646y x x ωωω⎡⎛⎫⎤⎛⎫=++=++ ⎪ ⎢⎥⎝⎭⎦⎝⎭⎣的图象,函数()πsin 6f x x ω⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭(0ω>)的图象仅向右平移π2个单位长度得到ππππsin sin 2626y x x ωωω⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+=-+ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦的图象,则ππππ2π4626k ωω⎛⎫⎛⎫+--+=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭(Z k ∈),化简得3π2π4k ω=(Z k ∈),解得83k ω=(Z k ∈),由于0ω>,所以当1k =时,ω取得最小值83,故答案为:π8,63.14.已知边长为2的菱形ABCD 中,π3DAB ∠=,点E 满足3BE EC = ,点F 为线段BD 上一动点,则AF BE ⋅的最大值为______.【答案】3【解析】【分析】建立如图平面直角坐标系,设BF BD λ= ,利用平面向量线性运算与数量积的坐标表示可得AF BE⋅关于λ的表达式,从而得解.【详解】如图,以A为原点建立平面直角坐标系,则(0,0),(2,0),A B C D ,因为3BE EC =,所以(33333,4444BE BC ⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,由题意,设()01BF BD λλ=≤≤,则(()BF λλ=-=- ,则()()()2,02,AF AB BF λλ=+=+-=-,所以()3333324422AF BE λλ⋅=-+=+,因为01λ≤≤,所以当1λ=时,AF BE ⋅的最大值为3.故答案为:3.15.声音是由物体振动产生的声波.我们听到的每个音都是由纯音合成的,纯音的数学模型是函数sin y A t ω=.音有四要素,音调、响度、音长和音色.它们都与函数sin y A t ω=及其参数有关,比如:响度与振幅有关,振幅越大响度越大,振幅越小响度越小;音调与频率有关,频率低的声音低沉,频率高的声音尖锐.我们平时听到的乐音不只是一个音在响,而是许多音的结合,称为复合音.我们听到的声音对应的函数是111sin sin 2sin 3sin 4234y x x x x =++++⋯..给出下列四个结论:①函数1111sin sin 2sin 3sin 4sin1023410y x x x x x =++++⋯+不具有奇偶性;②函数()111sin sin2sin3sin4234f x x x x x =+++在区间ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增;③若某声音甲对应的函数近似为()11sin sin 2sin 323g x x x x =++,则声音甲的响度一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =的响度小;④若某声音乙对应的函数近似为()1sin sin 22x x x ϕ=+,则声音乙一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =更低沉.其中所有正确结论的序号是__________.【答案】②④【解析】【分析】对①,结合奇偶性的定义判断即可;对②,利用正弦型函数的单调性作出判断;对③,分别判断()(),g x h x 的振幅大小可得;对④,求出周期,可得频率,即可得出结论.【详解】对于①,令()1111sin sin2sin3sin4sin1023410F x x x x x x =++++⋯+,所以()()()()()()1111sin sin 2sin 3sin 4sin 1023410F x x x x x x -=-+-+-+-+⋯+-,所以()1111sin sin2sin3sin4sin1023410F x x x x x x -=-----⋅⋅⋅-,所以()()F x F x -=-,所以()F x 是奇函数,①错误;对于②,由ππ88x -≤≤可得,ππ244x -≤≤,3π3π388x -≤≤,ππ422x -≤≤,所以111sin ,sin2,sin3,234x x x x 都在ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增,所以()111sin sin2sin3sin4234f x x x x x =+++在ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增,所以函数()f x 在区间ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增,②正确;对于③.因为()11sin sin 2sin 323g x x x x =++,所以π223g ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭,所以()max 23g x ≥,即()g x 的振幅比()1sin22h x x =的振幅大,所以声音甲的响度一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =的响度大,所以③错误;对于④,因为()()()()112πsin 2πsin 24πsin sin 222x x x x x x ϕϕ+=+++=+=,所以函数()x ϕ为周期函数,2π为其周期,若存在02πα<<,使()()x x ϕϕα=+恒成立,则必有()()0ϕϕα=,()()110sin 0sin 00sin sin 222ϕϕααα∴=+===+,()sin 1cos 0αα∴+=,因为02πα<<,πα∴=,又()()()11πsin πsin 2πsin sin 222x x x x x ϕ+=+++=-+与()1sin sin 22x x x ϕ=+不恒相等,所以函数()1sin sin22x x x ϕ=+的最小正周期是2π,所以频率1112πf T ==而()h x 的周期为π,频率21πf =,12f f <,所以声音乙一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =更低沉,所以④正确.故答案为:②④.三、解答题(本大题共5小题,共60分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)16.如图,在ABC 中,2BD DC = ,E 是AD 的中点,设AB a = ,AC b = .(1)试用a ,b 表示AD ,BE ;(2)若1a b == ,a 与b 的夹角为60︒,求AD BE ⋅ .【答案】(1)1233AD a b =+ ,5163BE a b =-+ (2)518-【解析】【分析】(1)利用向量加法减法的三角形法则及数乘运算即可求解;(2)根据(1)的结论,利用向量的数量积运算法则即可求解.【小问1详解】因为2BD DC = ,所以23BD BC = ,所以221)212(333333AB AC AB AB AC a b AD AB BD AB BC +-=+=+=+=+= .因为E 是AD 的中点,所以()11211()22323BE BA BD AB BC AB AC AB ⎛⎫=+=-+=-+- ⎪⎝⎭ 51516363AB AC a b =-+=-+ .【小问2详解】因为1a b == ,a 与b 的夹角为60︒,所以11cos ,1122a b a b a b ⋅==⨯⨯= ,由(1)知,1233AD a b =+ ,5163BE a b =-+ ,所以22125154233631899AD BE a b a b a a b b ⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=+⋅-+=--⋅+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭541251892918=--⨯+=-.17.已知函数()π3sin 24f x x ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭(1)求()f x 的最小正周期;(2)求函数()f x 的单调递增区间;(3)若函数()f x 在区间[]0,a 内只有一个零点,直接写出实数a 的取值范围.【答案】(1)()f x 的最小正周期为π,(2)函数()f x 的单调递增区间是3πππ,π88k k ⎡⎤-+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z ;(3)a 的取值范围为3π7π,88⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭.【解析】【分析】(1)根据正弦型函数的周期公式求解即可;(2)利用正弦函数的单调区间结论求解;(3)求出()0f x =的解后可得a 的范围.【小问1详解】因为()π3sin 24f x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,所以函数()f x 的最小正周期2ππ2T ==;【小问2详解】由πππ2π22π242k x k -≤+≤+,Z k ∈,可得3ππππ88k x k -≤≤+,Z k ∈,所以函数()f x 的单调递增区间是3πππ,π88k k ⎡⎤-+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z ;【小问3详解】由π()3sin(204f x x =+=可得,π2π4x k +=,Z k ∈所以ππ28k x =-,Z k ∈,因为函数()f x 在区间[]0,a 上有且只有一个零点,所以3π7π88a ≤<,所以实数a 的取值范围为3π7π,88⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭.18.已知()()()4,0,0,4,cos ,sin ,(0π)A B C ααα<<.(1)若OA OC += (O 为坐标原点),求OB 与OC 的夹角;(2)若⊥ AC BC ,求sin cos αα-的值.【答案】(1)OB 与OC 的夹角为π6,(2)sin cos 4αα-=【解析】【分析】(1)根据向量模长以及夹角的坐标公式计算即可;(2)由向量垂直得到数量积为0,进而得到1sin cos 4αα+=,通过平方得到2sin cos αα,进而可得()2sin cos αα-,再根据α的范围确定正负,开方得解.【小问1详解】因为()()()4,0,0,4,cos ,sin A B C αα,所以()()()4,0,0,4,cos ,sin OA OB OC αα=== ,所以()4cos ,sin OA OC αα+=+ ,由OA OC += ()224+cos sin 21αα+=,所以1cos 2α=,又0πα<<,,所以π3α=,13,22C ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,设OB 与OC 的夹角为β()0πβ≤≤,则cos OB OC OB OC β⋅= 23342==,又0πβ≤≤,故OB 与OC 的夹角为π6,【小问2详解】由⊥ AC BC 得0AC BC ⋅= ,又()cos 4,sin AC αα=- ,()cos ,sin 4BC αα=- ,所以()()cos 4cos sin sin 40αααα-+-=,所以1sin cos 4αα+=,所以152sin cos 016αα-=<,又0πα<<,所以ππ2α<<,所以()21531sin cos 11616αα--=-=,所以sin cos 4αα-=.19.已知函数()()πsin 0,0,2f x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>><⎪⎝⎭,且()f x 图像的相邻两条对称轴之间的距离为π2,再从条件①、条件②、条件③中选择两个作为一组已知条件.(1)确定()f x 的解析式;(2)设函数()π24g x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,则是否存在实数m ,使得对于任意1π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,存在2π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,()()12m g x f x =-成立?若存在,求实数m 的取值范围:若不存在,请说明理由.条件①:()f x 的最小值为2-;条件②:()f x 图像的一个对称中心为5π,012⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭;条件③:()f x 的图像经过点5π,16⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.注:如果选择多组条件分别解答,按第一个解答计分.【答案】(1)选①②,②③,①③答案都为()2sin(2)6f x x π=+,(2)存在m 满足条件,m 的取值范围为2,0⎤⎦.【解析】【分析】(1)先根据已知求出()f x 的最小正周期,即可求解ω,选条件①②:可得()f x 的最小值为A -,可求A .根据对称中心可求ϕ,即可得解函数解析式;选条件①③:可得()f x 的最小值为A -,可求A .根据函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,可求ϕ,可得函数解析式;选条件②③:根据对称中心可求ϕ,再根据函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,可求A 的值,即可得解函数解析式.(2)求出函数()f x ,()g x 在π0,2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的值域,再结合恒成立、能成立列式求解作答.【小问1详解】由于函数()f x 图像上两相邻对称轴之间的距离为π2,所以()f x 的最小正周期π2π2T =⨯=,所以2π2T ω==,此时()()sin 2f x A x ϕ=+.选条件①②:因为()f x 的最小值为A -,所以2A =.因为()f x 图象的一个对称中心为5π,012⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,所以5π2π(Z)12k k ϕ⨯+=∈,所以56k ϕπ=π-,()k ∈Z ,因为||2ϕπ<,所以π6ϕ=,此时1k =,所以()2sin(2)6f x x π=+.选条件①③:因为()f x 的最小值为A -,所以2A =.因为函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭,则5π()16f =-,所以5π2sin()13ϕ+=-,即5π1sin()32ϕ+=-.因为||2ϕπ<,所以7π5π13π636ϕ<+<,所以5π11π36ϕ+=,所以π6ϕ=,所以()2sin(2)6f x x π=+.选条件②③:因为函数()f x 的一个对称中心为5π,012⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,所以5π2π(Z)12k k ϕ⨯+=∈,所以5ππ(Z)6k k ϕ=-∈.因为||2ϕπ<,所以π6ϕ=,此时1k =.所以π()sin(26f x A x =+.因为函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭,所以5π(16f =-,所以5ππsin 136A ⎛⎫+=-⎪⎝⎭,11πsin 16A =-,所以2A =,所以()2sin(2)6f x x π=+.综上,不论选哪两个条件,()2sin(2)6f x x π=+.【小问2详解】由(1)知,()2sin(2)6f x x π=+,由20,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦得:2ππ7π2,666x ⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,2π1sin 2,162x ⎛⎫⎡⎤+∈- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦,因此[]2()1,2f x ∈-,由10,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦得:1ππ5π2,444x ⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,1πsin 2,142x ⎡⎤⎛⎫+∈-⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎣⎦,因此1()g x ⎡∈-⎣,从而1()1,g x m m m ⎡-∈---+⎣,由()()12m g x f x =-得:()()21f x g x m =-,假定存在实数m ,使得对1π0,2x ⎡⎤∀∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,2π0,2x ⎡⎤∃∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,()()12m g x f x =-成立,即存在实数m ,使得对1π0,2x ⎡⎤∀∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,2π0,2x ⎡⎤∃∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,()()21f x g x m =-成立,则[]1,1,2m m ⎡---+⊆-⎣,于是得112m m --≥-⎧⎪⎨-+≤⎪⎩,解得20m -≤≤,因此存在实数m ,使得对1π0,2x ⎡⎤∀∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,2π0,2x ⎡⎤∃∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,()()12m g x f x =-成立,所以实数m的取值范围是2,0⎤⎦.20.对于定义在R 上的函数()f x 和正实数T 若对任意x ∈R ,有()()f x T f x T +-=,则()f x 为T -阶梯函数.(1)分别判断下列函数是否为1-阶梯函数(直接写出结论):①()2f x x =;②()1f x x =+.(2)若()sin f x x x =+为T -阶梯函数,求T 的所有可能取值;(3)已知()f x 为T -阶梯函数,满足:()f x 在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减,且对任意x ∈R ,有()()2f T x f x T x --=-.若函数()()F x f x ax b =--有无穷多个零点,记其中正的零点从小到大依次为123,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅;若1a =时,证明:存在b ∈R ,使得()F x 在[]0,2023T 上有4046个零点,且213240464045x x x x x x -=-=⋅⋅⋅=-.【答案】(1)①否;②是(2)2πT k =,*k ∈N (3)证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)利用T -阶梯函数的定义进行检验即可判断;(2)利用T -阶梯函数的定义,结合正弦函数的性质即可得解;(3)根据题意得到()()F x T F x +=,()()F T x F x -=,从而取3344TT b f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,结合零点存在定理可知()F x 在(),1mT m T +⎡⎤⎣⎦上有且仅有两个零点:4T mT +,34T mT +,从而得解.【小问1详解】()2f x x =,则22(1)()(1)211f x f x x x x +-=+-=+≠;()1f x x =+,则(1)()11f x f x x x +-=+-=,故①否;②是.【小问2详解】因为()f x 为T -阶梯函数,所以对任意x ∈R 有:()()()()()sin sin sin sin f x T f x x T x T x x x T x T T +-=+++-+=+-+=⎡⎤⎣⎦.所以对任意x ∈R ,()sin sin x T x +=,因为sin y x =是最小正周期为2π的周期函数,又因为0T >,所以2πT k =,*k ∈N .【小问3详解】因为1a =,所以函数()()F x f x x b =--,则()()()()()()()F x T f x T x T b f x T x T b f x x b F x +=+-+-=+-+-=--=,()()()()()()()2F T x f T x T x b f x T x T x b f x x b F x -=----=+----=--=.取3344TT b f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,则有3330444TT T F f b ⎛⎫⎛⎫=--= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,30444T T T F F T F ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,由于()f x 在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减,因此()()F x f x x b =--在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减,结合()()F T x F x -=,则有()F x 在0,2T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上有唯一零点4T ,在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上有唯一零点34T .又由于()()F x T F x +=,则对任意k ∈Ζ,有044T T F kT F ⎛⎫⎛⎫+== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,33044T T F kT F ⎛⎫⎛⎫+== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,因此,对任意m ∈Z ,()F x 在(),1mT m T +⎡⎤⎣⎦上有且仅有两个零点:4T mT +,34T mT +.综上所述,存在3344TT b f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,使得()F x 在[]0,2023T 上有4046个零点,且14T x =,234T x =,354T x =,474T x =,L ,404580894T x =,404680914T x =,其中,2132404640452T x x x x x x -=-=⋅⋅⋅=-=.【点睛】关键点睛:本题解决的关键是充分理解新定义T -阶梯函数,从而在第3小问推得()()F x T F x +=,()()F T x F x -=,由此得解.。

广东省深圳市2022-2023学年高一下学期期中生物试题

广东省深圳市2022-2023学年高一下学期期中生物试题
17.下列关于染色单体的叙述,正确的是( )
A.一条染色单体上有一个或两个DNA
B.姐妹染色单体在减数第一次分裂后期发生在姐妹染色单体之间
18.若果蝇体内正常分裂的细胞中同源染色体、染色单体、染色体、DNA分子的数量比为0:0:1:1,则该细胞所处的时期可能是()
B.性别受性染色体控制而与基因无关
C.性染色体在所有细胞中成对存在
D.女儿的性染色体必有一条来自父亲
29.果蝇白眼为伴X染色体隐性遗传,红眼为显性性状。下列哪组杂交子代中,通过眼色就可直接判断果蝇的性别()
A.白♀×白♂B.杂合红♀×红♂C.白♀×红♂D.杂合红♀×白♂
30.果蝇的某对相对性状由等位基因G、g控制,其中某个基因纯合时会致死。用一对表现型不同的果蝇进行交配,得到的子一代果蝇中雌:雄=2:1,且雌蝇有两种表现型。据此可推测,雌蝇中这对等位基因()
A.位于常染色体上,G基因纯合时致死
B.位于常染色体上,g基因纯合时致死
C.位于X染色体上,g基因纯合时致死
D.位于X染色体上,G基因纯合时致死
31.下图是A、B两个家庭的色盲遗传系谱图,这两个家庭由于某种原因调换了一个孩子,请确定调换的两个孩子是()
A.1和3B.2和6C.2和5D.2和4
32.芦花鸡为ZW型性别决定,人类为XY型性别决定,则伴Z染色体或伴X染色体上的纯合致死基因对于性别的影响是( )
(2)让第1组F2的所有个体再进行自交,产生的后代表现型及比例应为。
(3)第2组F2中蓝花个体的基因型是。
(4)从第2组的F2中取一蓝花植株,请你设计实验,用最简便的方法来鉴定该植株的基因型(简要回答设计思路即可):。
参考答案
1.C
【详解】A、光学显微镜下可以观察到染色体,A错误;

上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题

上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题

复旦附中2023学年第二学期高一年级数学期中A 卷2024.04一、填空题(本大题共有12题,满分54分,第1-6题每题4分,第7-12题每题5分)1.函数y cosx =的最小正周期为.2.若02π-<α<,则点()cot ,cos αα在第象限.3.已知平面上,A B 两点的坐标分别是()()65,21,,,P 为直线AB 上一点,且13AP PB =,则点P 的坐标为.4.若2AB AC AB AC ==-= ,则AB AC +=.5.若α为第二象限角,且2sin cos α=α,则sin α=.6*.已知平面向量a 与b 的夹角为3π,若()1,12a b ,== ,则a在b 方向上的投影向量的坐标为.7.在ABC ∆中,,tanA tanB 是方程2670x x -+=的两个根,则tanC =.8.已知()()f x sin x =ω+ϕ,其中0,02ω>≤ϕ<π,满足以下三个条件:(1)函数()y f x =的最小正周期为π;(2)函数()y f x =的图像关为直线4x π=对称;(3)函数()y f x =在04,π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上足严格㺂函数.则函数()y f x =的表达式为()f x =.9.窗花足贴在窗纸或窗户玻璃上的剪纸,是中国古老的传统民间艺术之一,图中所示的窗花轮廓可以看作是一个正八边形.已知该正八边形12345678A A A A A A A A 的边长为10,点P 在其边上运动,则121A A A P ⋅的取值范围是.10.已知()()f x sin x =ω,其中0ω>.若函数()y f x =在区间36,ππ⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上有且只有一个最大值点和一个最小值点,则ω的取值范围为.11.设()()244,,,48,.sin x a x a a R f x a x a x a x ⎧π-π<⎪∈=⎨++-≥⎪⎩若函数()y f x =在区间()0,+∞内恰有7个零点,则a 的取值范围是.12*.若,a b均为单位向量,下列结论中正确的是(填写你认为所有正确结论的序号)(1)若0a b ⋅= 且()()0a c b c -⋅-≤ ,且1c = ,则a b c +-的取值范围为11,⎤-⎦;(2)若0a b ⋅= 且()()0a c b c -⋅-≤,且22c =,则a b c +- 的取值范围为2622⎢⎥⎣⎦;(3)若12a c ⋅= 且12a c a c +λ≥- 对任意实数λ恒成立,则abc b ++-(4)若12a c ⋅= 且12a c a c +λ≥- 对任意实数λ恒成立,则1122ab bc ++-二、选择题(本大题满分18分)本大题共4题,第1314-题每题4分,第1516-题每题5分13.下列说法错误的是().A.若//,//a b b c ,则//a cB.若,a b b c == ,则a c= C.若a 与b 都是非零向照且//a b ,则a与b 的方向相同或者相反D.若a与b 都是单位向量,则a b= 14.在ABC ∆中,角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c,其中a b ==.若满足条件的三角形有且只有两个,则角A 的取值范围为().A.03,π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭B.06,π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭C.32,ππ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭D.2033,,ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫⋃π ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭15.设n 是正整数,集合2|,k A x x cosk Z nπ⎧⎫==∈⎨⎬⎩⎭.当2024n =时,集合A 元素的个数为()A.1012B.1013C.2023D.202416*.对于实数x ,用[]x 表示不超过x 的最大整数,例如[][]2.13,2.12-=-=.已知()f x sin x sinx =+,()()g x f x ⎡⎤=⎣⎦,则下列3个命题4,真命题的个数为().(1)函数()y g x =是周期函数;(2)函数()y g x =的图像关于直线2x π=对称;(3)方程()()f x g x x ⋅=有2个实数根.A.0B.1C.2D.3三、解答题(本大题满分78分)本大题共有5题17.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分.已知()2,3, 5.a b a b b ==-⋅=-(1)若ka b - 与2a b +垂直,求实数k 的值;(2)若ka b - 与2a kb -方向相反,求实数k 的值.18.(本题满分14分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分4分,第3小题满分4分.已知向量)()22,12a x ,cosx b ,cosx =-=.设()f x a b =⋅.(1)求函数()y f x =的表达式,并写出该函数图像对称轴的方程;(2)将函数()y f x =的图像向右平移6π个单位,得到函数()y g x =的图像,直接写出函数()y g x =的表达式;(3)求关于x 的方程()20f x +=在区间[]0,π上的解集.19.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分8分,第2小题满分6分.简车是我国古代发明的一种水利利溉T.具.如图,假定在水流挺稳定的情况下,一个半径为5米的简车开启后按逆时针方向做匀速圆周运动,每分钟转1圈,筒车的轴心O 距离水面的高度为52米.设筒车上的桨个盛水简P 到水面的距离为y (单位:米)(在水面下则y 为负数).若以盛水简P 刚浮出水面时开始计算时间,则y 与时少t (单位:秒)之少的关系为()y Asin t K =ω+ϕ+,其中0,0,2A π>ω>ϕ<.(1)求,,,A K ωϕ的值;(2)当()4050t ,∈时,判断盛水筒P 的运动状态(处于向上运动状态、处于向下的运动状态、处于先向上后向下运动状态、处于先向下后向上运动状态),并说明理由.20*.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.如图所示,已知3,5,OA OB OA == 与OB 的夹角为23π,点C 是ABO ∆的外接圆优孤AB 上的一个动点(含端点,A B ),记OA 与OC的夹角为θ,并设OC xOA yOB =+ ,其中,x y 为实数.(1)求ABO ∆外接圆的直径;(2)试将OC表示为θ的函数()y f =θ,并指出该函数的定义域;(3)求OC 为直径时,x y +的值.21.(本题满分18分)本共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.对于定义域为R 的函数()y g x =,若存在常数0T >,使得()()y sin g x =是以T 为周期的周期函数,则称()y g x =为“正弦周期函数”,且称T 为其“正弦周期”.(1)判断函数2xy x cos=+是否为“正弦周期函数”,并说明理由;(2)已知()y g x =是定义在R 上的严格增函数,值域为R ,且()y g x =是以T 为“正弦周期”的“止弦周期函数”,若()()90,22g g T ππ==,且存在()00x ,T ∈,使得()052g x π=,求()2g T 的值;(3)已知()y h x =是以T 为一个“正弦周期”的“正弦周期函数”,且存在0a >和0A >,使得对任意x R ∈,都有()()h x a Ah x +=,证明:()y h x =是周期函数.复旦附中2023学年第二学期高一年级数学期中A 卷2024.04一、填空题(本大题共有12题,满分54分,第1-6题每题4分,第7-12题每题5分)1.函数y cosx =的最小正周期为.【答案】π2.若02π-<α<,则点()cot ,cos αα在第象限.【答案】二3.已知平面上,A B 两点的坐标分别是()()65,21,,,P 为直线AB 上一点,且13AP PB =,则点P 的坐标为.【答案】()54,4.若2AB AC AB AC ==-= ,则AB AC +=.【答案】5.若α为第二象限角,且2sin cos α=α,则sin α=.【答案】126*.已知平面向量a 与b 的夹角为3π,若()1,12a b ,== ,则a在b 方向上的投影向量的坐标为.【答案】105⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭7.在ABC ∆中,,tanA tanB 是方程2670x x -+=的两个根,则tanC =.【答案】18.已知()()f x sin x =ω+ϕ,其中0,02ω>≤ϕ<π,满足以下三个条件:(1)函数()y f x =的最小正周期为π;(2)函数()y f x =的图像关为直线4x π=对称;(3)函数()y f x =在04,π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上足严格㺂函数.则函数()y f x =的表达式为()f x =.【答案】()2sin x +π(也可化简为2)sin x -9.窗花足贴在窗纸或窗户玻璃上的剪纸,是中国古老的传统民间艺术之一,图中所示的窗花轮廓可以看作是一个正八边形.已知该正八边形12345678A A A A A A A A 的边长为10,点P 在其边上运动,则121A A A P ⋅的取值范围是.【答案】100⎡-+⎣10.已知()()f x sin x =ω,其中0ω>.若函数()y f x =在区间36,ππ⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上有且只有一个最大值点和一个最小值点,则ω的取值范围为.【答案】993,022,,⎡⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎢⎣⎭⎝⎭也算对11.设()()244,,,48,.sin x a x a a R f x a x a x a x ⎧π-π<⎪∈=⎨++-≥⎪⎩若函数()y f x =在区间()0,+∞内恰有7个零点,则a 的取值范围是.【答案】4387,,23254⎡⎤⎧⎫⎛⎤⋃⎨⎬ ⎢⎥⎥⎣⎦⎩⎭⎝⎦12*.若,a b均为单位向量,下列结论中正确的是(填写你认为所有正确结论的序号)(1)若0a b ⋅= 且()()0a c b c -⋅-≤ ,且1c = ,则a b c +-的取值范围为11,⎤-⎦;(2)若0a b ⋅= 且()()0a c b c -⋅-≤,且2c =,则a b c +-的取值范围为22⎢⎥⎣⎦;(3)若12a c ⋅= 且12a c a c +λ≥- 对任意实数λ恒成立,则a b c b ++- (4)若12a c ⋅= 且12a c a c +λ≥- 对任意实数λ恒成立,则1122a b b c ++-.【答案】(1)(2)(3)(4)二、选择题(本大题满分18分)本大题共4题,第1314-题每题4分,第1516-题每题5分13.下列说法错误的是().A.若//,//a b b c ,则//a cB.若,a b b c == ,则a c= C.若a 与b 都是非零向照且//a b ,则a与b 的方向相同或者相反D.若a与b 都是单位向量,则a b= 【答案】A14.在ABC ∆中,角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ,其中a b ==.若满足条件的三角形有且只有两个,则角A 的取值范围为().A.03,π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭B.06,π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭C.32,ππ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭D.2033,,ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫⋃π ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭【答案】A15.设n 是正整数,集合2|,k A x x cosk Z nπ⎧⎫==∈⎨⎬⎩⎭.当2024n =时,集合A 元素的个数为()A.1012B.1013C.2023D.2024【答案】B16*.对于实数x ,用[]x 表示不超过x 的最大整数,例如[][]2.13,2.12-=-=.已知()f x sin x sinx =+,()()g x f x ⎡⎤=⎣⎦,则下列3个命题4,真命题的个数为().(1)函数()y g x =是周期函数;(2)函数()y g x =的图像关于直线2x π=对称;(3)方程()()f x g x x ⋅=有2个实数根.A.0B.1C.2D.3【答案】B三、解答题(本大题满分78分)本大题共有5题17.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分.已知()2,3, 5.a b a b b ==-⋅=-(1)若ka b - 与2a b +垂直,求实数k 的值;(2)若ka b - 与2a kb -方向相反,求实数k 的值.【答案】(1)1712k =(2)k =18.(本题满分14分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分4分,第3小题满分4分.已知向量)()22,12a x ,cosx b ,cosx =-=.设()f x a b =⋅.(1)求函数()y f x =的表达式,并写出该函数图像对称轴的方程;(2)将函数()y f x =的图像向右平移6π个单位,得到函数()y g x =的图像,直接写出函数()y g x =的表达式;(3)求关于x 的方程()20f x +=在区间[]0,π上的解集.【答案】(1),62k x k Z ππ=+∈(2)()2216g x sin x π⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭(3)526,ππ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭【解析】(1)()2222221,36f x x cos x sin x π⎛⎫=-+=+-⋅ ⎪⎝⎭ 分令262x k ππ+=π+,得对称轴为直线,62k x k Z ππ=+∈..6分(2)()2216g x sin x π⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭.(3)由()20f x +=得1262sin x π⎛⎫+=- ⎪⎝⎭,由于[]130,2,2666x ,x ,πππ⎡⎤∈π+∈⋅⎢⎣⎦分所以7266x ππ+=或116π,故所求解集为5.426,ππ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭分另解:由1262sin x π⎛⎫+=- ⎪⎝⎭得2266x k ππ+=π-或526k ππ-,得6x k π=π-或,22k ππ- 分而[]0x ,∈π,所以56x π=或2π,所求解集为526,ππ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭.19.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分8分,第2小题满分6分.简车是我国古代发明的一种水利利溉T.具.如图,假定在水流挺稳定的情况下,一个半径为5米的简车开启后按逆时针方向做匀速圆周运动,每分钟转1圈,筒车的轴心O 距离水面的高度为52米.设筒车上的桨个盛水简P 到水面的距离为y (单位:米)(在水面下则y 为负数).若以盛水简P 刚浮出水面时开始计算时间,则y 与时少t (单位:秒)之少的关系为()y Asin t K =ω+ϕ+,其中0,0,2A π>ω>ϕ<.(1)求,,,A K ωϕ的值;(2)当()4050t ,∈时,判断盛水筒P 的运动状态(处于向上运动状态、处于向下的运动状态、处于先向上后向下运动状态、处于先向下后向上运动状态),并说明理由.【答案】(1)55,2A K ==30πω=6πϕ=-(2)y 单调递减,6分所以盛水筒P 处于向下运动的状态.【解析】(1)如图,设简车与水面的交点为,M N ,连接OM ,过点P 作PB MN ⊥于点B ,过点O 分别作OD MN ⊥于点,D OC PB ⊥于点C ,则55,2A OM K OD ====.因为筒车转一周需要1分钟,所以26030ππω==,故30MOP t π∠=.在Rt OMD ∆中,12OD sin OMD OM ∠==,所以6COM OMD π∠=∠=,即6πϕ=-.(四个答案各2分)(2)盛水筒P 处于向下运动的状态 (3)分理由如下:553062y sin t ππ⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭,当()734050,30662t ,t ,ππππ⎛⎫∈-∈ ⎪⎝⎭,此时y 单调递减,6分所以盛水筒P 处于向下运动的状态.20*.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.如图所示,已知3,5,OA OB OA == 与OB 的夹角为23π,点C 是ABO ∆的外接圆优孤AB 上的一个动点(含端点,A B ),记OA 与OC的夹角为θ,并设OC xOA yOB =+ ,其中,x y 为实数.(1)求ABO ∆外接圆的直径;(2)试将OC表示为θ的函数()y f =θ,并指出该函数的定义域;(3)求OC 为直径时,x y +的值.【答案】(1)7AB =(2)()23,03f cos ,π⎡⎤θ=θ+θθ∈⎢⎥⎣⎦(3)18845x y +=【解析】(1)在AOB ∆中,由余弦定理222249AB OA OB OA OBcos AOB =+-⋅∠=,即7,2AB = 分(2)连接2,03AC ,π⎡⎤θ∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,在AOC ∆中,由正弦定理2OA R sin OCA =∠,则33,2214OA sin OCA R ∠== 分又02OCA ,π⎛⎫∠∈ ⎪⎝⎭,则1314cos OCA ∠==,于是()33131414sin OAC sin OCA sin OCA cos cos OCA sin cos sin ∠=∠+θ=∠⋅θ+∠⋅θ=θ+θ则由正弦定理得132314OC Rsin OAC sin cos ⎫=∠=θ+θ=θ+θ⎪⎪⎝⎭ .所以()23,0.63OC f cos ,π⎡⎤=θ=θ+θθ∈⎢⎥⎣⎦ 分(定义域1分,注意格式)另解:()13222,0143OC Rsin OAC Rsin B arccos ,π⎛⎫⎡⎤=∠=π-θ-=θ+θ∈⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦.(3)设AB 与OC 交于点D ,当OC 为直径时,2OAC π∠=,此时13,214sin cos OCA cos sin OCA θ=∠=θ=∠= 分又由正弦定理可得5311,.21414OB sin BAO cos BAO R ∠==∠==于是()47,449sin ADO sin BAO sin cos BAO cos sin BAO ∠=θ+∠=θ⋅∠+θ⋅∠= 分因此由正弦定理得,694OA OD sin BAO sin ODA =⋅∠=∠ 分而由向量的共线定理可得存在()01,λ∈,使得()1OD OA OB =λ+-λ,且2R OC ODOD=⋅ 故()221881,.845R R OC xOA yOB OA OB x y OD OD ⎡⎤=+=λ+-λ+==⎣⎦分另解:22159,25,2OA OB OA OB ==⋅=- .由于此时22,OA AC xOA yOB OA OC OA OA ⊥+⋅=⋅= ,得1599,42x y -= 分同理,由OB BC ⊥得,22xOA OB yOB OC OB OB ⋅+=⋅= ,得1525252x y -+=.解得()2226915x,y ,⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭,因此188.845x y += 分21.(本题满分18分)本共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.对于定义域为R 的函数()y g x =,若存在常数0T >,使得()()y sin g x =是以T 为周期的周期函数,则称()y g x =为“正弦周期函数”,且称T 为其“正弦周期”.(1)判断函数2xy x cos=+是否为“正弦周期函数”,并说明理由;(2)已知()y g x =是定义在R 上的严格增函数,值域为R ,且()y g x =是以T 为“正弦周期”的“止弦周期函数”,若()()90,22g g T ππ==,且存在()00x ,T ∈,使得()052g x π=,求()2g T 的值;(3)已知()y h x =是以T 为一个“正弦周期”的“正弦周期函数”,且存在0a >和0A >,使得对任意x R ∈,都有()()h x a Ah x +=,证明:()y h x =是周期函数.【答案】(1)是(2)()1272g T =π(3)见解析【解析】(1)()4422x x sin x cos sin x cos +π⎛⎫⎛⎫+π+=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,所以2xy x cos =+是正弦周期函数.……过程、结论各2分(2)由()()()021sing x T sing T sing T +===,故()()02,22,222g x T m g T t m t Z ππ+=π+=π+∈ 、、分则由02T x T T <+<,且()y g x =严格增,得其中整数3,4m t ≥≥,下证4t =.若不然,5t ≥,则()2122g T π≥,由()y g x =的值域为R 知,存在()1212,2,x x T ,T x x ∈≠使得()1132g x π=,()2172g x π=,则()()()()1212121,0sing x sing x sing x T sing x T x T x T T ==-=-=<-<-<由()()()()()()121290,122g g x T g x T g T sing x T sing x T ππ=<-<-<=-=-=得120x T x T x -=-=,这与12x x ≠矛盾..4 分17π因此综上所述,()2,6217g T =π分(3)假设()y h x =不是周期函数,则()()h x T h x +=与()()h x a h x +=均不恒成立.特别地,1A ≠.因为()()h x T h x +=不恒成立,所以存在0x R ∈,使得()()00h x T h x +≠.......反证法2分因为()()011A ,,∈⋃+∞,所以存在n Z ∈,使得()01n A h x <且()01n A h x T +<.其中若1A >,取n 为负整数;若01A <<,取A 为正整数..5 分此时,由正弦周期性得()()()()00sin h x na T sin h x na ++=+,即()()()()00n n sin A h x T sin A h x +=,综上,()y h x =是周期函数.另解:若1A =,则由()()h x a h x +=可知()y h x =为周期函数.2 分若01A <<,则对任意0x R ∈,存在正整数n ,使得()01n A h x ≤且()01n A h x T +≤.此时,()()()()()()()()0000n n sin A h x T sin h x na T sin h x na sin A h x +=++=+=.若1A >,则同理可证(取n 为负整数即可)..8 分综上,得证.。

黑龙江省牡丹江市第二高级中学高一下学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)

黑龙江省牡丹江市第二高级中学高一下学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)

黑龙江省牡丹江市第二高级中学高一下学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)牡丹江市第二高级中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文一、文学类文本阅读(共4小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~4题。

骡子王宇马棚里来了新的入驻者,骡子。

马棚里原来的那匹马走了。

有人说:那匹马因为跑得快,被新主人相中,去赛马场效力了。

有人说:那匹马天生好看,被新主人相中,去马戏团了。

有人说:那匹马太贪吃,爱炫耀,又不爱干活儿,被主人送屠宰场了。

总之,那匹马再也没有回来,这是不争的事实。

骡子住进马棚,兴奋不已。

这环境,这待遇,这享受,比以前好多了。

尤其是它独享着那个硕大的马槽,谁也不和它抢食,而且人们抢着给它喂草料。

这日子过得惬意极了。

想一想,自己曾经过的是什么日子。

每天与马和毛驴在一块草地上吃草,今天马看见不顺眼,就飞奔过来,照着它脖子咬几口,嘴里骂道:“你这杂种,滚远点儿。

”明天驴看见不顺眼,就撅着屁股,给它几蹄子,嘴里骂道:“你这杂种,快快离开这块草地。

”骡子忍着疼,不敢吱声,很委屈,也很纠结。

怎么自己长得又像马又像驴,可又什么也不是?住进马棚里的骡子,很向往马过的日子。

虽然被主人骑着,但是高高地仰着头。

在众目睽睽之下,能得到人们的赞美,甚至还有闪光灯的特写,登上报纸的头版头条。

相比之下,毛驴过的是什么日子,默默无闻,不是拉磨就是驮东西,整天不辞辛苦地为主人干活儿,又苦又累,还得不到主人的夸奖,更不用说别人的赞誉了。

骡子住进马棚后,每天除了吃东西要低头外,其余时间,总是把头仰得高高的,学着马的步伐,有节奏地走路。

得空儿就去美发中心,把尾巴稀疏而灰暗的杂毛煸染得黑而广亮,蓬松如马尾。

把短而直的鬃毛尽量拉长,烫成波浪状,形如马鬃。

乍一看,这骡子还真有点儿像马了。

它很期待主人能对它另眼相看。

主人欣赏骡子的力量比驴大,脾气没有驴那么倔,模样比驴好看,但又没有马那么娇气,而且比马低调适用。

没想到新来的骡子把自己整成个马的样子,心里真有点儿不舒服。

江苏省泰州市姜堰区2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题

江苏省泰州市姜堰区2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题

2023~2024学年度第二学期期中考试高一英语试题(考试时间:120分钟;总分:150分)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考试号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.How does the man usually get to his office?A.By bus.B.By bicycle.C.On foot.2.What is the normal price of the T-shirt?A.$15.B.$30.C.$50.3.Where is the blue T-shirt?A.In the drawer.B.In the cupboard.C.In the washing machine.4.What did the woman notice about the man?A.He was unpleasant.B.He was unsure.C.He was helpful.5.What is the relationship between the speakers?A.Friends.B.Security guard and driver.C.Salesman and customer.第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或读白。

北京市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题含答案

北京市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题含答案

2023—2024学年度第二学期北京市高一数学期中考试试卷(答案在最后)一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分)1.11πsin3的值为()A.2B.2-C.2D.2【答案】A 【解析】【分析】利用诱导公式及特殊角的三角函数值计算可得.【详解】11πππsin sin 4πsin 3332⎛⎫=-=-=-⎪⎝⎭.故选:A2.下列函数中,最小正周期为π且是偶函数的是()A.πsin 4y x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭B.tan y x =C.cos 2y x =D.sin 2y x=【答案】C 【解析】【分析】由三角函数的最小正周期公式和函数奇偶性对选项一一判断即可得出答案.【详解】对于A ,πsin 4y x ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭的最小正周期为:2π2π1T ==,故A 不正确;对于B ,tan y x =的最小正周期为:ππ1T ==,tan y x =的定义域为ππ,Z 2x x k k ⎧⎫≠+∈⎨⎬⎩⎭,关于原点对称,令()tan f x x =,则()()()tan tan f x x x f x -=-=-=-,所以tan y x =为奇函数,故B 不正确;对于C ,cos 2y x =的最小正周期为:2ππ2T ==,令()cos 2g x x =的定义域为R 关于原点对称,则()()()cos 2cos 2g x x x g x -=-==,所以cos 2y x =为偶函数,故C 正确;对于D ,sin 2y x =的最小正周期为:2ππ2T ==,sin 2y x =的定义域为R ,关于原点对称,令()sin 2h x x =,则()()()sin 2sin 2h x x x h x -=-=-=-,所以sin 2y x =为奇函数,故D 不正确.故选:C .3.设向量()()3,4,1,2a b ==- ,则cos ,a b 〈〉=()A.5-B.5C.5-D.5【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据给定条件,利用向量夹角的坐标表示求解即得.【详解】向量()()3,4,1,2a b ==-,则cos ,5||||a b a b a b ⋅〈〉==.故选:D4.在△ABC 中,已知1cos 3A =,a =,3b =,则c =()A.1B.C.2D.3【答案】D 【解析】【分析】直接利用余弦定理求解即可【详解】因为在△ABC 中,1cos 3A =,a =,3b =,所以由余弦定理得2222cos a b c bc A =+-,2112963c c =+-⨯,得2230c c --=,解得3c =,或1c =-(舍去),故选:D5.函数()()sin f x A x =+ωϕ(其中0A >,0ω>,0ϕπ<<)的图像的一部分如图所示,则此函数的解析式是()A.()3sin 42f x x ππ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭ B.3()3sin 44f x x ππ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭C.()3sin 84f x x ππ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭ D.3()3sin 84f x x ππ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据图象可以求出最大值,结合函数的零点,根据正弦型函数的最小正周期公式,结合特殊值法进行求解即可.【详解】由函数图象可知函数的最大值为3,所以3A =,由函数图象可知函数的最小正周期为4(62)16⨯-=,因为0ω>,所以24(62)168ππωω⨯-==⇒=,所以()3sin 8f x x πϕ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,由图象可知:(2)3f =,即3sin 32()2()4424k k Z k k Z ππππϕϕπϕπ⎛⎫+=⇒+=+∈⇒=+∈ ⎪⎝⎭,因为0ϕπ<<,所以令0k =,所以4πϕ=,因此()3sin 84f x x ππ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,故选:C6.函数ππ()sin(2),[0,]62f x x x =+∈的最大值和最小值分别为()A.11,2-B.31,2-C.1,12- D.1,1-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据给定条件,求出相位的范围,再利用正弦函数的性质求解即得.【详解】由π[0,2x ∈,得ππ7π2[,666x +∈,则当ππ262x +=,即π6x =时,max ()1f x =,当π7π266x +=,即π2x =时,min 1()2f x =-,所以所求最大值、最小值分别为11,2-.故选:A7.已知向量,,a b c在正方形网格中的位置如图所示.若网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,则()a b c +⋅= ()A.2B.2- C.1 D.1-【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据给定信息,利用向量数量的运算律,结合数量积的定义计算得解.【详解】依题意,π3π|||2,||2,,,,,44a b c a b b c a c ===〈〉=⊥〈〉= ,因此3π||||cos2(242a c a c ⋅==⨯-=-,0b c ⋅= ,所以()2a b c a c b c +⋅=⋅+⋅=-.故选:B8.在ABC 中,已知cos cos 2cos a B b A c A +=,则A =()A.π6B.π4C.π3 D.π2【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据给定条件,利用正弦定理边化角,再逆用和角的正弦求出即得.【详解】在ABC 中,由cos cos 2cos a B b A c A +=及正弦定理,得sin cos sin cos 2sin cos A B B A C A +=,则sin()2sin cos A B C A +=,即sin 2sin cos C C A =,而sin 0C >,因此1cos 2A =,而0πA <<,所以π3A =.故选:C9.已知函数()()π2sin 03⎛⎫=+> ⎪⎝⎭f x x ωω,则“()f x 在π0,3⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上既不是增函数也不是减函数”是“1ω>”的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B 【解析】【分析】以π3x ω+为整体结合正弦函数的性质可得12ω>,进而根据充分、必要条件分析判断.【详解】因为π0,3x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦且0ω>,则ππππ,3333x ωω⎡⎤+∈+⎢⎥⎣⎦,若()f x 在π0,3⎡⎤⎢⎣⎦上既不是增函数也不是减函数,则2πππ33ω+>,解得12ω>,又因为()1,+∞1,2⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭,所以“()f x 在π0,3⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上既不是增函数也不是减函数”是“1ω>”的必要不充分条件.故选:B.10.如图,正方形ABCD 的边长为2,P 为正方形ABCD 四条边上的一个动点,则PA PB ⋅的取值范围是()A.[]1,2-B.[]0,2 C.[]0,4 D.[]1,4-【答案】D 【解析】【分析】建立平面直角坐标系,分点P 在CD 上,点P 在BC 上,点P 在AB 上,点P 在AD 上,利用数量积的坐标运算求解.【详解】解:建立如图所示平面直角坐标系:则()()0,2,2,2A B ,当点P 在CD 上时,设()(),002Px x ≤≤,则()(),2,2,2PA x PB x =-=--,所以()()224133,4PA PB x x x ⎡⎤⋅=-+=-+∈⎣⎦ ;当点P 在BC 上时,设()()2,02P yy ≤≤,则()()2,2,0,2PA y PB y =-=-,所以()220,4PA PB y ⎡⎤⋅=-∈⎣⎦ ;当点P 在AB 上时,设()(),202Px x ≤≤,则()(),0,2,0PA x PB x ==-,所以()()22111,0PA PB x x x ⎡⎤⋅=-=--∈-⎣⎦ ;当点P 在AD 上时,设()()0,02P y y ≤≤,则()()0,2,2,2PA y PB y=-=--,所以()220,4PA PB y ⎡⎤⋅=-∈⎣⎦ ;综上:PA PB ⋅的取值范围是[]1,4-.故选:D二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分)11.已知圆的半径为2,则60 的圆心角的弧度数为__________;所对的弧长为__________.【答案】①.π3##1π3②.2π3##2π3【解析】【分析】利用度与弧度的互化关系,弧长计算公式求解即可.【详解】60 的圆心角的弧度数为ππ601803⨯=;所对的弧长为π2π233⨯=.故答案为:π3;2π312.已知向量()2,3a =- ,(),6b x =- .若//a b ,则a =r __________,x =__________.【答案】①.②.4【解析】【分析】利用坐标法求出向量的模,再根据向量共线的坐标表示求出x .【详解】因为向量()2,3a =- ,所以a == ,又(),6b x =- 且//a b ,所以()326x =-⨯-,解得4x =.;4.13.若函数()sin f x A x x =的一个零点为π3,则A =__________;将函数()f x 的图象向左至少平移__________个单位,得到函数2sin y x =的图象.【答案】①.1②.π3##1π3【解析】【分析】利用零点的意义求出A ;利用辅助角公式化简函数()f x ,再借助平移变换求解即得.【详解】函数()sin f x A x x =的一个零点为π3,得ππsin 033A =,解得1A =;则π()sin 2sin()3f x x x x =-=-,显然πππ(2sin[()]2sin 333f x x x +=+-=,所以()f x 的图象向左至少平移π3个单位,得到函数2sin y x =的图象.故答案为:1;π314.设平面向量,,a b c 为非零向量,且(1,0)a = .能够说明“若a b a c ⋅=⋅ ,则b c = ”是假命题的一组向量,b c的坐标依次为__________.【答案】(0,1),(0,1)-(答案不唯一)【解析】【分析】令向量,b c 与向量a 都垂直,且b c ≠即可得解.【详解】令(0,1),(0,1)b c ==- ,显然0a b a c ⋅==⋅,而b c ≠ ,因此(0,1),(0,1)b c ==- 能说明“若a b a c ⋅=⋅ ,则b c = ”是假命题,所以向量,b c的坐标依次为(0,1),(0,1)-.故答案为:(0,1),(0,1)-15.已知函数()2cosπ1xf x x =+,给出下列四个结论:①函数()f x 是奇函数;②函数()f x 有无数个零点;③函数()f x 的最大值为1;④函数()f x 没有最小值.其中,所有正确结论的序号为__________.【答案】②③【解析】【分析】根据偶函数的定义判断①,令()0f x =求出函数的零点,即可判断②,求出函数的最大值即可判断③,根据函数值的特征判断④.【详解】函数()2cosπ1xf x x =+的定义域为R ,又22cos(π)cos π()()()11x x f x f x x x --===-++,所以()2cosπ1xf x x =+为偶函数,故①错误;令2cos ππ1()0cos π0ππ(Z)(Z)122x f x x x k k x k k x ==⇒=⇒=+∈⇒=+∈+,所以函数()f x 有无数个零点,故②正确;因为cos π1x ≤,当ππ(Z)x k k =∈,即(Z)x k k =∈时取等号,又因为211x +≥,当且仅当0x =时取等号,所以有21011x <≤+,当且仅当0x =时取等号,所以有2cos π11x x ≤+,当且仅当0x =时取等号,因此有()2cos π11xf x x =≤+,即()()max 01f x f ==,故③正确;因为()2cosπ1xf x x =+为偶函数,函数图象关于y 轴对称,只需研究函数在()0,∞+上的情况即可,当x →+∞时2101x →+,又1cosπ1x -≤≤,所以当x →+∞时()0f x →,又()()max 01f x f ==,当102x <<时cos π0x >,210x +>,所以()0f x >,当1322x <<时1cos π0x -≤<,210x +>,所以()0f x <,当1x >时212x +>,0cos π1x ≤≤,所以()12f x <,又()112f =-,102f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭,302f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭,且()f x 为连续函数,所以()f x 存在最小值,事实上()f x 的图象如下所示:由图可知()f x 存在最小值,故④错误.故答案为:②③三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共85分)16.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,角θ以Ox 为始边,终边经过点()1,2--.(1)求tan θ,tan2θ的值;(2)求πsin ,cos ,cos 4θθθ⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭的值.【答案】(1)tan 2θ=,4tan 23θ=-(2)sin 5θ-=,cos 5θ=,π10cos 410θ⎛⎫+=⎪⎝⎭【解析】【分析】(1)由三角函数的定义求出tan θ,再由二倍角正切公式求出tan 2θ;(2)由三角函数的定义求出sin θ,cos θ,再由两角和的余弦公式计算可得.【小问1详解】因为角θ以Ox 为始边,终边经过点()1,2--,所以2tan 21θ-==-,则222tan 224tan 21tan 123θθθ⨯===---.【小问2详解】因为角θ以Ox 为始边,终边经过点()1,2--,所以sin 5θ-==,cos 5θ==,所以πππcos cos cos sin sin 444θθθ⎛⎫+=- ⎪⎝⎭2520555210221⎛⎫- =⨯-⨯=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.17.已知平面向量,,2,3,a b a b a == 与b的夹角为60 ,(1)求22,,a b a b ⋅;(2)求(2)(3)a b a b -⋅+的值:(3)当x 为何值时,xa b -与3a b +rr 垂直.【答案】(1)4,9,3;(2)4-;(3)3013x =.【解析】【分析】(1)利用数量积的定义计算即得.(2)利用数量积的运算律计算即得.(3)利用垂直关系的向量表示,数量积的运算律求解即得.【小问1详解】向量,,2,3,a b a b a == 与b 的夹角为60 ,所以2222|4,|9,3||||c |os 0|6a a b b a b a b ===⋅=== .【小问2详解】依题意,2222(2)(3)2352233534a b a b a b a b -⋅+=-+⋅=⨯-⨯+⨯=- .【小问3详解】由()(3)0xa b a b -⋅+= ,得223(31)4273(31)13300xa b x a b x x x -+-⋅=-+-=-= ,解得3013x =,所以当3013x =时,xa b - 与3a b +r r 垂直.18.已知函数()sin2cos2f x x x =+.(1)求(0)f ;(2)求函数()f x 的最小正周期及对称轴方程;(3)求函数()f x 的单调递增区间.【答案】(1)1;(2)π,ππ,Z 82k x k =+∈;(3)()3πππ,πZ 88k k k ⎡⎤-++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦.【解析】【分析】(1)代入计算求出函数值.(2)(3)利用辅助角公式化简函数()f x ,再结合正弦函数的图象与性质求解即得.【小问1详解】函数()sin2cos2f x x x =+,所以(0)sin0cos01f =+=.【小问2详解】函数π())4f x x =+,所以函数()f x 的最小正周期2ππ2T ==;由ππ2π,Z 42x k k +=+∈,解得ππ,Z 82k x k =+∈,所以函数()f x 图象的对称轴方程为ππ,Z 82k x k =+∈.【小问3详解】由πππ2π22π,Z 242k x k k -+≤+≤+∈,得3ππππ,Z 88k x k k -+≤≤+∈,所以函数()f x 的单调递增区间是()3πππ,πZ 88k k k ⎡⎤-++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦.19.在△ABC 中,7a =,8b =,再从条件①、条件②这两个条件中选择一个作为已知.(1)求A ∠;(2)求ABC 的面积.条件①:3c =;条件②:1cos 7B =-.注:如果选择条件①和条件②分别解答,按第一个解答计分.【答案】(1)选①②答案相同,3A π∠=;(2)选①②答案相同,ABC 的面积为【解析】【分析】(1)选①,用余弦定理得到cos A ,从而得到答案;选②:先用余弦定理求出3c =,再用余弦定理求出cos A ,得到答案;(2)选①,先求出sin 2A =,使用面积公式即可;选②:先用sin sin()C A B =+求出sin C ,再使用面积公式即可.【小问1详解】选条件①:3c =.在△ABC 中,因为7a =,8b =,3c =,由余弦定理,得222cos 2b c a A bc+-=64949283+-=⨯⨯12=.因为()0,πA ∈,所以π3A ∠=;选条件②:1cos 7B =-由余弦定理得:222249641cos 2147a cbc B ac c +-+-===-,解得:3c =或5-(舍去)由余弦定理,得222cos 2b c a A bc+-=64949283+-=⨯⨯12=.因为()0,πA ∈,所以π3A ∠=;【小问2详解】选条件①:3c =由(1)可得sin 2A =.所以ABC 的面积11sin 8322S bc A ==⨯⨯=选条件②:1cos 7B =-.由(1)可得1cos 2A =.因为sin sin[()]C A B =π-+sin()A B =+sin cos cos sin A B A B=+11()72=-+⨯3314=,所以ABC 的面积11sin 7822S ab C ==⨯⨯=..20.已知函数()2π2cos cos 213f x x x ⎛⎫=+-- ⎪⎝⎭.(1)求π6f ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭的值;(2)求函数()f x 的在[]0,π上单调递减区间;(3)若函数()f x 在区间[]0,m 上有且只有两个零点,求m 的取值范围.【答案】(1)32(2)π7π,1212⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦(3)3564π,π⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭【解析】【分析】(1)利用二倍角公式及和差角公式化简函数解析式,再代入计算可得;(2)由x 的取值范围求出π23x +的范围,再根据正弦函数的性质得到ππ3π2232x ≤+≤,解得即可;(3)由x 的取值范围求出π23x +的范围,再根据正弦函数的性质得到不等式组,解得即可.【小问1详解】因为()2π2cos cos 213f x x x ⎛⎫=+-- ⎪⎝⎭ππcos2cos2cossin 2sin 33x x x =++3cos2sin 222x x =+1cos2sin 222x x ⎫=+⎪⎪⎭π23x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,所以πππ2π3266332f ⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.【小问2详解】当[]0,πx ∈时ππ7π2,333x ⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,令ππ3π2232x ≤+≤,解得π7π1212x ≤≤,所以函数()f x 的在[]0,π上的单调递减区间为π7π,1212⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦.【小问3详解】当[]0,x m ∈时,πππ2,2333x m ⎡⎤+∈+⎢⎥⎣⎦,又函数()f x 在区间[]0,m 上有且只有两个零点,所以π2π23π3m ≤<+,解得5π4π63m ≤<,即m 的取值范围为3564π,π⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭.21.某地进行老旧小区改造,有半径为60米,圆心角为π3的一块扇形空置地(如图),现欲从中规划出一块三角形绿地PQR ,其中P 在 BC 上,PQ AB ⊥,垂足为Q ,PR AC ⊥,垂足为R ,设π0,3PAB α⎛⎫∠=∈ ⎪⎝⎭;(1)求PQ ,PR (用α表示);(2)当P 在BC 上运动时,这块三角形绿地的最大面积,以及取到最大面积时α的值.【答案】(1)60sin PQ α=,π60sin 3PR α⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭(2)三角形绿地的最大面积是平方米,此时π6α=【解析】【分析】(1)利用锐角三角函数表示出PQ 、PR ;(2)依题意可得2π3QPR ∠=,则1sin 2PQR S PQ PR QPR =⋅⋅⋅∠ ,利用三角恒等变换公式化简,再结合正弦函数的性质求出最大值.【小问1详解】在Rt PAQ 中,π0,3PAB ∠α⎛⎫=∈ ⎪⎝⎭,60AP =,∴sin 60sin PQ AP αα==(米),又π3BAC ∠=,所以π3PAR α∠=-,在Rt PAR 中,可得πsin 60sin 3PR PAR AP α⎛⎫==-⎪⎝⎭∠(米).【小问2详解】由题可知2π3QPR ∠=,∴PQR 的面积1sin 2PQR S PQ PR QPR =⋅⋅⋅∠1π2π60sin 60sin sin 233αα⎛⎫=⨯⨯-⨯ ⎪⎝⎭πsin3αα⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭ππsin cos cos sin 33ααα⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭112cos 222αα⎫=+-⎪⎪⎭π1sin 262α⎡⎤⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦,又π0,3α⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,526πππ,66α⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭,∴当ππ262α+=,即π6α=时,PQR 的面积有最大值即三角形绿地的最大面积是π6α=.。

江苏省梅村高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)

江苏省梅村高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)

江苏省梅村高级中学2024年春学期高一期中质量检测英语学科一、听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Why does the man apologize to the womanA. He pressed the wrong button.B. He dropped her iPad.C. He broke her purse.2. What will the man do nextA. Have a get-together.B. Visit a company.C. Attend a meeting.3. What is the relationship between the speakersA. Father and daughter.B. Mother and son.C. Brother and sister.4. How does the man feel about the womanA. Bored.B. Surprised.C. Annoyed.5. What are the speakers talking aboutA. Shopping lists.B. Eating habits.C. Cooking methods.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6. Who is the man asking forA. Eric.B. Laura.C. Heather.7. What will the woman do in about 20 minutesA. Pass on a message.B. Make a phone call.C. Go shopping.听第7段材料,回答第8、9 题。

江苏省盐城市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中联考物理试题(解析版)

江苏省盐城市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中联考物理试题(解析版)

2023-2024学年度高一年级第二学期期中联考试卷物理试题本试卷分试题卷和答题卷两部分。

试题卷包括1至4页;答题卷1至4页。

满分100分。

考试时间75分钟。

一、单选题:(本大题共11题,每小题只有一个选项符合题意,每小题4分,共计44分。

)1. 下列四个图中,、两点电势相等、电场强度也相等的是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】D 【解析】【分析】【详解】A .匀强电场的等势面是垂直于电场线的一簇等间距的平行平面,A 图中、两点不在同一等势面上,所以,这两点的电势是不相等的,但这两点的电场强度相等,选项A 错误;B .B 图中、两点在同一个等势面上,电势相等,但这两点的电场强度大小相等、方向不同,选项B 错误;C .C 图中、两点对称于两等量同种电荷的连线,所以电势相等,但在中垂线上电场强度的方向是平行于中垂线的,而且都指向外侧,故两点的电场强度的方向不同,选项C 错误;D .在D 图中,、两点在等量异种电荷的中垂线上,电势相等,电场强度的方向平行于两电荷连线指向负电荷,而且大小相等,选项D 正确。

故选D 。

2. 将一带电荷量为-q 的试探电荷从无穷远处移到电场中的A 点,该过程中电场力做功为W ,规定无穷远处的电势为零,则试探电荷在A 点的电势能及电场中A 点的电势分别为( )A. -W,B. W ,-C. W ,D. -W ,-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】考查电场力做功与电势能的关系。

【详解】无穷远处的电势为零,则试探电荷在无穷远处时,电势能为零,试探电荷从无穷远处移到电场中a b a b a b a b a b WqW qW qW q的A 点,电场力做功为W ,由解得由电场力做功公式:其中无穷远处的电势,解得,A 正确。

故选A 。

3. 如图所示,桌面离地高度为h ,质量为m 的小球,从离桌面H 高处由静止下落.若以桌面为参考平面,则小球落地时的重力势能及整个过程中小球重力做功分别为A. mgh ,mg(H -h)B. mgh ,mg(H +h)C. -mgh ,mg(H -h)D. -mgh ,mg(H +h)【答案】D 【解析】【详解】物体的重力势能为:Ep=mgh ,其中h 为物体到零势能点的高度,所以该物体落地时的重力势能为:E p =−mgh ;物体下落的始末位置的高度差为:H+h故重力做功为:W=mg(h+H),故ABC 错误,D 正确.故选D .【名师点睛】解答本题要掌握:重力做功只与物体始末位置有关,与路径无关,与零势能点选取无关;重力势能大小与零势能点的选取有关,同一位置选择的零势能点不同,对应的重力势能就不同.4. 如图所示,八大行星沿椭圆轨道绕太阳公转,假设图中各行星只受太阳的引力,并绕太阳做匀速圆周运动,下列说法中正确的是( )的P PA=0W E E -∆=-PA =E W -0A ()W q ϕϕ=--0=0ϕA Wqϕ=A. 离太阳越近的行星线速率越小B. 离太阳越近的行星运行周期越大C. 八大行星的轨道半长轴的三次方跟各自公转周期的二次方的比值均相等D. 在相同时间内,地球与太阳、火星与太阳的连线扫过的面积相等【答案】C 【解析】【详解】A .根据解得即离太阳越近的行星线速率越大。

广东省深圳市高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题

广东省深圳市高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题

深圳高级中学(集团)2023-2024学年第二学期期中测试高一英语2024.4试卷共11页,卷面满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项:1.答题前,考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。

3.回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后,监考人员将答题卡按座位号、页码顺序收回。

第一部分阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ABoat Rentals in VancouverGranville Island Boat Rentals, located in the heart of down town Vancouver, features the safest and most advanced lineup of boat rentals in Vancouver. It has served over half a million customers since it began renting boats in 1982.While exploring the sites Vancouver has offered, you can't miss observing wildlife like seals (海豹), bald(秃的)eagles, sea birds along the way. Besides these, what sets us apart is the extensive selection of boat rentals weprovide, varying from different models, capacities to reasonable prices.Boats in rentalGuest Comments"…Thanks for the awesome instructions and patience. We had a great time! My 7 yr. old spotted a seal! Myhusband received a gift certificate for his 40th birthday…brilliant idea!…"—Sarah, Delta, Canada "…Great experience! The nicest, most friendly staff I've ever met in Canada. The boat was nice and handledwell. The price was very reasonable. Great way to get a different view of Vancouver. An absolute must try. Thanks guys!…"—Morten Bothmann, Copenhagen, Denmark1. What is the biggest advantage of Granville Island Boat Rentals?A. Offering various boat rentals.B. Taking tourists to different sites.C. Ensuring the highest level of safety.D. Guiding visitors in wildlife observation.2. How much does it cost to rent a boat accommodating 8 people for 5 hours on weekend?A. $ 350.B. $ 500.C. $ 700.D. $ 675.3. What do Sara's and Morten's opinions have in common?A. Easily-controlled equipment.B. Well-received service.C. Reasonable boat rental price.D. Breathtaking scenery.BWhen Belquer first joined a team to make a better live music experience for deaf and hard-of-hearing people, he was struck by how they had developed more solutions to enjoy concerts. "What they were doing at the time was holding balloons to feel the vibrations(震动)through theirfingers," Belquer said. He thought the team could make something to help hard-of-hearing people enjoy live music even more with the technology now available.Belquer, who is also a musician and theater artist, is now the "Chief Vibration Officer" of Music: Not Impossible, which uses new technology to address social issues like poverty and disability access. His team started by tying different vibrating cell phone motors to bodies, but that didn't quite work. The vibrations were all the same. Eventually, they worked with engineers to develop a light haptic (触觉的)suit with a total of 24 vibrating plates. There are 20 of them tied to a undershirt that fits tightly around the body like a hiking backpack, plus one that ties to each wrist and ankle, When you wear the suit, it's surprising how it feels.The vibrations are mixed by a haptic DJ who controls the location, frequency and intensity of feeling across the suits, just as a music DJ mixes sounds in an artful way. "What we're doing is selecting and mixing what we want and send it to different parts of the body," said the DJ. The haptic suits were just one component of the event. There were American Sign Language interpreters; the music was displayed on a screen on the stage.The suits are the star attraction. Lily Lipman, who has auditory processing disorder, lit up when asked about her experience. "It's cool, because I'm never quite sure if I'm hearing what other people are hearing, so it's amazingto get the music in my body."4. What surprised Belquer about people with hearing problems?A. The attitude they held to life.B. The way they enjoyed music.C. The love they had for balloons.D. The frequency they vibrated fingers.5. Why did the team's initial attempt fail?A. The vibrations lacked variety.B. The vibrations were irregular.C. The motors were the same.D. The motors hardly worked.6. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about?A. Displaying music on the stage.B. Selecting proper suits for participants.C. Mixed methods helping people feel the music.D. Interpreters with excellent sign language skills.7. What does Lily Lipman think of the suit?A. It's comforting.B. It's challenging.C. It's satisfying.D. It's disturbing.CA team in Norway recently conducted in-depth research on writing by hand and typing on a keyboard.The team invited 36 university students who had to either write or type words displayed on a screen. The study participants used a digital pen to write in cursive (草书)on a touchscreen, and they used one finger on a keyboard to type. The researchers used a special cap with 256 sensors. This cap was worn by the students, and their brain activity was recorded for five seconds each time they were asked to write or type."We show that when writing by hand, brain connectivity patterns are far more complex than when typewriting on a keyboard," says Professor Audrey van der Meer, the team leader. "Such widespread brain connectivity is known to be important for memory formation and for encoding (编码)new information and, therefore, is beneficial for learning." The researchers also note that even though the participants used digital pens for writing in the study, they believe the findings would be similar if the participants used an ink pen and paper."We've shown that the differences in brain activity are related to the careful forming of the letters when writing by hand while making more use of the senses. Since it's the movement of the fingers carried out when forming letters that promotes brain connectivity, writing in print also has similar benefits for learning as cursive writing," Audrey adds. "This also explains why children who have learned to write and read on a tablet can have difficulty differentiating between letters that are mirror images of each other, such as 'b' and 'd'. They haven't felt with their bodies what it feels like to produce those letters."Considering handwritten note-taking is becoming less common in educational settings, the researchers advocate for more opportunities for students to write by hand. "There's some evidence that students learn more and remember better when taking handwritten lecture notes, while using a computer with a keyboard may be more pragmatic when writing a long text or essay," Audrey concludes.8. What was the special cap used to do?A. Measure the participants' brain activity.B. Evaluate the participants' writing styles.C. Tell the participants when to write or type.D. Record the time the participants used to write.9. What does paragraph 3 focus on about the study?A. Its backgrounds.B. Its equipment.C. Its outcomes.D. Its process.10. What plays the key role in strengthening brain connectivity?A. Writing letters carefully by hand.B. Forming the habit of taking notes.C. Recognizing letters' mirror images.D. Learning to practice cursive writing.11. What does the underlined word "pragmatic" in the last paragraph mean?A. Difficult.B. Traditional.C. Special.D. Practical.DWhen I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology."What's so innovative about that?" a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. "Why couldn't they both be innovative?" I asked.We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.At best, this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology's capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies that applied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.True innovation isn't just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting "old" ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview(后视的)innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn't new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.12. Which of the following best describes Samcheong Park Library?A. Dull but convenient.B. Simple but refreshing.C. Old-fashioned but cozy.D. Unexceptional but spacious.13. What can we learn about innovation from Paragraph 3?A. Its true meaning is to buy new things.B. It is important for the growth of economy.C. It shouldn't involve simple and effective ideas.D. Its true meaning has been misread by the public.14. Which statement will the author probably agree with?A. Magic devices encourage innovation.B. Innovation should be human-centered.C. The power of technology is undervalued.D. Wasting resources are a must for innovation.15. What is the writing purpose of the text?A. To introduce some best ideas about innovation.B. To show that future lies in returning to the past.C. To convince people of the true meaning of innovation.D. To stress the important role innovation plays in economy.第二部分阅读七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

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罗山高中2011-2012学年第二学期期中考试
高一化学试卷
本卷分第I 卷(选择题)和第II 卷两部分,共100 分,考试时间 90 分钟。

第I 卷(选择题 共 48 分)
一、单项选择题:(每题3分,共48分)
1.放射性同位素Ho 166
67的原子核内中子数与电子数之差是 ( )
A .32
B .67
C .99
D .166
2.下列物质属于共价化合物的是( )
A .C 60
B .CaCl 2
C .KF
D . CH 4
3.下列各组顺序的排列不正确...
的是 ( ) A .最高正化合价:P <S <Cl B .原子半径:O <S <Cl
C .酸性强弱:H 3PO 4<H 2SO 4<HClO 4
D .金属性:Na >Mg >Al
4.决定化学反应速率的主要因素是 ( )
A .参加反应的物质本身的性质
B .催化剂
C .温度、压强以及反应物的接触面
D .反应物的浓度
5.通过控制或改变反应条件可以加快、减缓甚至阻止反应的进行,使化学
反应有利于人类的生存和提高生活质量。

下列各图所示的措施中,能加
快化学反应速率的是 ( )
A .
B .
C .
D . 6.在元素周期表中金属元素和非金属元素的分界线附近的一些元素能用于
制( )
A .合金
B .半导体
C .催化剂
D .农药
7.下列关于化学反应速率的说法,不正确...
的是 ( ) A .化学反应速率用于衡量化学反应进行的快慢
B .H 2O 2溶液中加入MnO 2或FeCl 3都能增大H 2O 2的分解速率
C .可逆反应达到化学平衡状态时正、逆反应速率都为0
D .在同一化学反应中,不同条件下常有不同的反应速率
8.下列关于物质性质变化比较,不正确的是( )
铁门表面喷漆 橡胶里加炭黑 扇子扇煤炉火 煤 土壤 稍稍烤焦 木 头
电 线 杆
Zn Cu 稀H 2SO 4
A .酸性:HIO 4>HBrO 4>HClO 4
B .原子半径大小:Na>S>O
C .碱性强弱:KOH>NaOH>LiOH
D .金属性强弱:Na>Mg>Al
9.下列关于能源和作为能源物质的叙述中错误..
的是( ) A .人类利用的能源都是通过化学反应获得的
B .绿色植物进行光合作用时,将太阳能转化为化学能“贮存”起来
C .物质的化学能可以在不同条件下转为热能、电能为人类所利用
D .化石燃料蕴藏的能量来自远古时期生物体所吸收利用的太阳能
10.下列各个装置中能组成原电池的是( )
11.把A 、B 、C 、D 四块金属浸入硫酸中,用导线两两相连组成原电池。

若A 、B 相连时,A 为负极时;C 、D 相连时,D 上产生大量气泡;A 、C
相连时,电流由C 经导线流向A ;B 、D 相连时,电子由D 经导线流向B ,
则此4种金属的活动性由强到弱的顺序为( )
A .A>B>C>D
B .A>C>D>B
C .C>A>B>
D D .B>A>C>D
12.对于锌、铜和稀硫酸组成的原电池(如图),下列有关说法正确的是( )
①Zn 是负极 ②电子由Zn 经外电路流向Cu
③Zn-2e -=Zn 2+ ④溶液中H +向Zn 棒迁移
A .①②
B .①②③
C .②③④
D .①②③④
13.下列化学用语书写正确的是( )
A .氮气的电子式:
B .硫原子的结构示意图:
C .溴化钠的电子式:
D .二氧化碳是存在极性键的非极性化合物
14.对化学反应速率与化学反应限度的叙述,不正确...
的是( ) A .任何可逆反应都有一定的反应限度
B .反应温度是影响化学反应速率的决定性因素
C .化学反应的限度影响了反应物在该条件下的最大转化率
D .同一化学反应若反应条件不同限度可能不同
15.反应4NH 3(g )+5O 2(g )4NO(g )+6H 2O(g )在10L 密闭容器中进
行,半分钟后,水蒸气的物质的量增加了0.45mol ,则此反应的平均速
率可表示为()
A.υ(NH3)=0.01mol/(L∙s) B.υ(O2)=0.001mol/(L∙s)
C.υ(NO)=0.001mol/(L∙s) D.υ(H2O)=0.045mol/(L∙s) 16.氢氧燃料电池可以使用在航天飞机上,其反应原理示意图
如右图。

下列有关氢氧燃料电池的说法正确的是()
A.该电池工作时电能转化为化学能
B.该电池中电极a是正极
C.外电路中电子由电极b通过导线流向电极a
D、外电路中电流由电极b通过导线流向电极a
第II卷(共 52分)
二、填空题:
17.(8分)下表为元素周期表的一部分,参照元素①-⑧在表中位置,用化学用语回答下列问题。

周期/族Ⅰ
0 A
第一周
①Ⅱ A Ⅲ A Ⅳ A Ⅴ A Ⅵ A Ⅶ A

第二周
②③④

第三周
⑤⑥⑦⑧

(1)④、⑤、⑥的原子半径由大到小的顺序为 (填元素符号(2)②、③、⑦的最高价含氧酸的酸性由强到弱的顺序是(填化学式)(3)①、④、⑤、⑧中的某些元素可形成既含有离子键又含有极性共价键的化合物,写出其中一种化合物的电子式
(4)由表中两种元素的原子按1:1组成的常见液态化合物的稀溶液易被催化分解,可使用的催化剂为。

A.MnO2 B.FeCl3 C.Na2SO3 D.KMnO4 18.(8分)将气体A、B置于容积为2L的密闭容器中,发生如下反应:
4A(g)+B(g)2C(g),反应进行到4s末,测得A的物质的量为0.5mol,B的物质的量为0.4mol,C的物质的量为0.2mol,则:
(1)用生成物C的浓度增加来表示该反应的速率为:
(2)用反应物A的浓度减少来表示该反应的速录为:
(3)反应前A、B的物质的量浓度分别是:、
19.(6分)(1)下列反应中,属于放热反应的是,属于吸热反应的是
①煅烧石灰石②木炭燃烧③炸药爆炸④酸碱中和⑤生石灰与水作用制熟石灰⑥食物因氧化而腐败
(2)用铜、银与硝酸银设计一个原电池,此电池的负极是,负极的
电极反应方程式是
(3)用锌片、铜片连接后浸入稀硫酸溶液,构成了原电池,工作一段时间,芯片的质量减少了3.25g,铜表面析出了氢气L(标准状况下)。

导线中通过 mol电子(铜的相对原子质量65)
20.(10分) 某温度时,在2 L的密闭容器中,X、Y、Z三种物质的量随时间的变化曲线如图所示。

(1)反应物为生成物为
(2)由图中所给数据进行分析,该反应的化学
方程式为;
(3)反应从开始至2分钟末,用Z的浓度变化
表示的平均反应速率为v(Z)= ,
(4)当反应进行了3 min,该反应是否达到平
衡(填是或否)
21. (10分) 有A、B、C、D四种短周期元素, 它们的原子序数依次增大,已知A和B原子有相同的电子层数, 且A的L层电子数是K层电子数的两倍, C在空气中燃烧时呈现黄色火焰, C的单质在高温下与B的单质充分反应, 可以得到与D单质颜色相同的淡黄色固态化合物, 试根据以上叙述回答:(1)元素名称: A ______ B _____ C _____ D ______。

(2)D元素位于周期表中周期族。

(3)写出AB2与C2B2反应的化学方程式。

(4)画出B的原子结构简图 ___________________。

(5)电子式表示化合物 C2D 的形成过程:。

22.(10分)A、B、C、D均为短周期元素,原子序数依次增大。

已知:
①A与D同主族,A形成的氢化物分子M与D形成的氢化物分子N都有18
个电子。

②一定条件下,A、D分别和B形成的化合物X和Y具有相同的摩尔质量,且焰色反应均呈黄色。

③A和C形成的化合物Z是光导纤维的主要原料。

回答下列问题:
(1)写出X的电子式;Z的化学式
(2)A、B、C、D四种元素的原子半径按由小到大的排列顺序为
(用元素符号表示)
(3)在M的溶液中通入N,可发生反应生成D的单质和A的另一种氢化物,试写出化学方程式
高一化学答题卷
一、选择题(本题共40分)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
二、填空题(本题共52分)
17、(8分)(1)(2)
(3)(4)
18、(8分)(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)
19、(6分)(1)放热反应的是吸热反应的是
(2)负极是电极式是
(3)氢气L(标准状况下)。

通过 mol电子20.(10分)(1)反应物为生成物为
(2)化学方程式为;
(3)v(Z)= ,(4)是否达到平衡(填是或否)21. (10分)(1)元素名称: A ______ B _____ C _____ D ______。

(2)D元素位于周期表中周期族。

(3)写出AB2与C2B2反应的化学方程式。

(2分) (4)B的原子结构简图 ___________________。

(5)电子式表示化合物 C2D 的形成过程:。

22.(10分)(1)X的电子式;Z的化学式
(2)原子半径按由小到大的排列顺序为(用元素符号表示)(3)化学方程式。

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