2009年3月全国公共英语考试(pets)二级笔试真题及答案
2009高考英语全国卷II试卷及答案解析
2009高考英语全国卷II试卷及答案解析第一卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：haveA．gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。
1. JulyA. diaryB. energyC. replyD. daily2. medicineA. twiceB. medicalC. perfectD. clinic3. seizeA. neighbourB. weighC. eightD. receive4. determineA. remindB. ministerC. smileD. tidy5. existA. experienceB. examineC. exciteD. explode第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
6. It is often _____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A. saidB. to sayC. sayingD. being said7. Charles was alone at home, with _____ looking after him.A. someoneB. anyoneC. not oneD. no one8. Progress ______ so far very good and we sure that the work will be finished on time.A. wasB. had beenC. has beenD. will be9. The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride ___.A. mostB. moreC. lessD. little10. All the dishes in this menu, _____ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.A. asB. ifC. thoughD. unless11. I’m sure that your letter will get _____ attention .They know you’re waiting for the reply.A. continuedB. immediateC. carefulD. general12. The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get ______ completely free.A. otherB. othersC. oneD. ones13. Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.A. as a result ofB. on top ofC. in front ofD. in need of14. What I need is _____ book that contains _____ ABC of oil painting.A. a；不填B. the; 不填C. the; anD. a; the15. If you leave the club, you will not be ______ back in.A. receivedB. admittedC. turnedD. movedA. being runB. runC. to runD. running17. My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it18. It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting _____.A. too much longB. much too longC. long too muchD. too long much19. ---- Do you mind my opening the window? It’s a bit hot in here .---- ______, as a matter of fact.A. Go aheadB. Yes, my pleasureC. Yes, I doD. Come on20. I ca n’t leave. She told me that I _____ stay here until she comes back.A. canB. mustC. willD. may第三节完形填空（共20小题；没小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2009年考研英语二真题试卷(后附答案详解)
2009年考研英语二真题试卷(后附答案详解) Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the startingline because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 —instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead ofcasting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and evenentirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an ex ecutive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is tokill off all possibilities but one. A good innovationalthin ker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 coveredthat humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts downhalf of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,” expla ins M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing whatyou’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where de veloping new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for afamily’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, w hich a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump togetherinformation from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely tobe__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, andremains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building i ndustry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workf orce to substantially improve productivityfor the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers,let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you sh all be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that NewEnglanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in NewEngland__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitableone from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of allcultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society andculture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies. [D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories ofkinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is itseffect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of associationitself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young uponthe same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Section I Use of English答案解析：1. B.本题考查动词，后面的宾语是“the fruit-fly experiments described…”， suppose表示“假设”， observe表示“观察”，image表示“想象”，Consider“考虑”，代入文中表示“考虑已经被描述出来的实验”，符合语境。
2009考研英语二真题
2009考研英语二真题2009年考研英语二真题一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1Most people tend to think of airports as dangerous, noisy and stressful places. However, John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City happens to be the 18th safest airport in the United States.The Federal Aviation Administration, the organization that governs US airports, compiles a list of safety scores for more than 398 airports. The JFK International Airport received the second-highest score possible considering its size. To rank airports, the Federal Aviation Administration examines statistics on accidents, injuries and other factors.The JFK International Airport has a wide range of safety features in place, including state-of-the-art security technology and highly trained staff. It also has advanced fire detection and safety systems, ensuring a safe environment for travellers.In terms of noise, JFK International Airport has recently implemented a "Fly Quiet" program to reduce noise pollution. Under this program, airlines are encouraged to use noise-reducing technologies and fly their planes in a way that reduces noise impact on nearby communities.Furthermore, the airport provides a variety of amenities to ease the stress of travelling. These include comfortable seating areas, shops, restaurants, and even spa services. Passengers can also enjoy free WiFi throughout the airport.Overall, despite the common perception of airports as being unsafe and inconvenient, JFK International Airport has made significant efforts to prioritize safety and improve the overall travel experience for its passengers.21. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The safety rankings of airports in the United States.B. The perceived dangers of airports.C. The amenities offered at JFK International Airport.D. The noise reduction efforts at JFK International Airport.Passage 2Are you a heavy sleeper? If so, it turns out that you may have a better memory than those who wake up frequently during the night.A study conducted at Northwestern University in 2017 found that deep sleep helps strengthen emotional memories. Participants in the study were shown a series of images that were either pleasant or disturbing before going to bed. Those who had a good amount of deep sleep were better able to remember the emotional content of the images the following day.Deep sleep, or slow-wave sleep, is considered the most restorative stage of sleep. It plays a crucial role in memory consolidation, the process by which short-term memories are transferred to long-term memory.The study also found that people who frequently woke up during the night had difficulty remembering the emotional content of the images. This suggests that interrupted sleep can have a negative impact on memory formation, particularly for emotional experiences.The findings of this study highlight the importance of getting enough uninterrupted sleep to enhance memory function and emotional processing.If you find yourself frequently waking up during the night or struggling tofall asleep, it may be worth exploring strategies to improve sleep quality.22. The study mentioned in the passage mainly focuses on _______.A. the impact of deep sleep on memory formationB. the emotional content of disturbing imagesC. the negative effects of interrupted sleepD. the importance of falling asleep quickly二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2009年高考试题——英语(全国2卷)含答案和详解
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语【总卷评析】从测试反馈和卷面总体分析的情况来看，体现了语言能力的考查和高考试题体现的选拔性，突出了考试大纲对语言基本功的测试。
第一卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）【总体评析】观察试题单词，可看出均侧重基础和高频词汇的考查。
所以，总体而言，语音知识这道大题，难易度的设置较为适中，有选拔的梯度设计。
这套试卷选取了字母两个辅音字母“c, x”、一个元音字母及一个元音字母组合“i, ei”和一个半元音字母“y”来进行基本语音考查。
基本上能涵盖完整的元辅音及组合元音字母发音的考查。
从辨音难易度来看，第1、2和4小题读音区别度比较明显，考生不易失分。
第3小题的迷惑度较大，再次就是第5小题具有一定得迷惑度，但相对第3小题来看，要容易得分。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C1. JulyA. diaryB. energyC. replyD. daily【答案】C【解析】该选项y读音/ai/,而，其余发/i/。
区别度较大，考生一般不易失分。
2. medicineA. twiceB. medicalC. perfectD. clinic【答案】A。
【解析】字母“c”发/s/,而其余排除项发音/k/,比较明显，不含糊，考生基本能判别。
3. seizeA. neighbourB. weighC. eightD. receive【答案】D。
【解析】seize中的“ei”读音/i:/。
而其余项读音/ei/。
4. determineA. remindB. ministerC. smileD. tidy【答案】B。
【解析】该字母读音/i/,其余排除项读音/ai/。
尽管读音的区别度大，容易判断，但是对于minister“大臣, 牧师”一词，依然会有相当的学生不熟悉。
2009年全国2卷高考真题(含答案)英语
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷英语第一卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：haveA．gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。
1. July A. diary B. energy C. reply D. daily2. medicine A. twice B. medical C. perfect D. clinic3. seize A. neighbor B. weigh C. eight D. receive4. determine A. remind B. minister C. smile D. tidy5. exist A. experience B. examine C. excite D. explode第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
6. It is often _____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A. saidB. to sayC. sayingD. being said7. Charles was alone at home, with _____ looking after him.A. someoneB. anyoneC. not oneD. no one8. Progress ______ so far very good and we sure that the work will be finished on time.A. wasB. had beenC. has beenD. will be9. The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride ___.A. mostB. moreC. lessD. little10. All the dishes in this menu, _____ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.A. asB. ifC. thoughD. unless11. I’m sure that your letter will get _____ attention .They know you’re waiting for the reply.A. continuedB. immediateC. carefulD. general12. The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get ______ completely free.A. otherB. othersC. oneD. ones13. Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.A. as a result ofB. on top ofC. in front ofD. in need of14. What I need is _____ book that contains _____ ABC of oil painting.A. a；不填B. the; 不填C. the; anD. a; the15. If you leave the club, you will not be ______ back in.A. receivedB. admittedC. turnedD. moved16. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.A. being runB. runC. to runD. running17. My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it18. It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting _____.A. too much longB. much too longC. long too muchD. too long much19. - Do you mind my opening the window? It’s a bit hot in here .- ______, as a matter of fact.A. Go aheadB. Yes, my pleasureC. Yes, I doD. Come on20. I can’t leave. She told me that I _____ stay here until she comes back.A. canB. mustC. willD. may第三节完形填空（共20小题；没小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2009年考研英语二真题及答案
2009年考研英语二真题及答案【篇一：2009英语二真题及答案】t>section ii close(10%)directions: for each numbered blank in the followingpassage ,there are four choices marked a, b, c, and d. choose thebest one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 with a pencil. (10 points)delta region. triple-digit oil prices have the economic and political map of the world, some old importers—including chinaand economic and social costs.managing this new order is fast becoming a central politics. countries that need oil are clawing at each other scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with anyunpleasant, to do it .in many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to investment funds run by foreign governments, some in the west see as a new threat. countries like russia, venezuela and iran are well supplied with rising , a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. but some unexpected countries are reaping costs, from higher prices. consider it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming russia and the middle east.in the united states, as already high gas prices higher in the spring of for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. and driving habits began a sharp increase in riders.21. a. comeb. gone c. crossed d. arrived22. a. covered b. discovered c. arranged d. ranged23. a. intensityb. infinity c. insecurity d.instability24. a. drawn b. redrawn c. retained d. reviewed25. a. fighting b. struggling c. challenging d. threatening26. a. and b. while c. thus d. though27. a. confine b. conflict c. conform d. confront28. a. problem b. question c. matterd. event29. a. look forb. lock up c. send out d. keep off30. a. no matter b. what if c. only if d. in spite of31. a. abolishing b. deprivingc. destroying d. eliminating32. a. whatb. that c. which d. whom33. a. interestsb. taxes c. incomes d. revenues34. a. as many as b. as good as c. as far asd. as well as35. a. although b. because c. since d. as36. a. advanced b. grew c. reduces d. multiplie37. a. evenb. still c. ratherd. fairly38. a. asking b. requesting c. calling d. demanding39. a. change b. turn c. shift d. transform40.a. for b. from c. acrossd. overpart iii reading comprehension (40%)direction: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c, and d. you should decide on the best choice. then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a pencil.passage1.heic ibsen ,author of the playa dolls house, in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons .her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. from january ist ,2008, all public companies in norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.but about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the governments liking. they will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of february to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in norway were female , according to the centre for corporate diversity .the number has since jumped to 36%. that is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across europe or americas 15% for the fortune 500.norways stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. i am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle, says sverre munck , head of international operations at a media firm. board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,be says. several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each,and are known in norwegian business circles as the golden skirts. one reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. it has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. recent history in norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. women feel more compelled than men to do their homework, says ms reksten skaugen , who was voted norways chairman of the year for 2007, and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers.41. the author mentions ibsens play in the first paragraph in order to?a. depict womens dilemma at workb. explain the newly passed lawc. support norwegian governmentd. introduce the topic under discussion42. a public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to?.a. pay a heavy fineb. close down its businessc. change to a private businessd. sign a document promising to act43. to which of the following is sverre munck most likely to agree?a. a set ratio of women in a board is ueasonable.b. a reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.c. a common principle should be followed by all companies.d. an inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.the author attributes the phenomenon of golden skirts to? .a. the small number of qualified females in managementb. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesc. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsd. the discrimination toward women in norwegian business circles45. the main idea of the passage might be? .a. female power and liberation in norwayb. the significance of heic ibsens playc. womens status in norwegian firmsd. the constitution of board members in norwaypassage2while theres never a good age to get cancer, people in their20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. the average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.in her new book crazy sexy cancer tips, writer kris carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as shes discovering life. ms. carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.ms. carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. she called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a full-time healing addict. then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. the result was her own personal cancer posse: a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a mtv celebrity, to name a few. this club of? cancer babes offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things. ms. carr put her cancer experience in a recent learning channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. cancer isnt funny, but ms. carr often is. she swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( dr. fabulous and dr. guru ), and she even makes second sound fun (cancer road trips, she calls them).she leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips thatreflect the world view of a young adult. i refused to let cancer ruin my party, she writes. thereare just too many cool thingsto do and plan and live for.ms. carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so youre not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing gloria gaynors i will survive so loud you neighbors call the police. ms. carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle, she writes.while her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?a. children.b. people in their 20s and 30s.c. young adults.d. elderly people.47. all of the following statements are true except _______.a. kris carr is a female writerb. kris carr is more than 31-year-old.c. kris carr works in a cancer center.d. kris carr is very optimistic.48. the phrase cancer posse (line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________a. a cancer research organizationb. a group of people who suffer from cancerc. people who have recovered from cancerd. people who cope with cancer49. kris carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________a. she is depressed and likes swearingb. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorc. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctord. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. from kris carrs cancer tips we may infer that ________a. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerb. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerc. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsd. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientspassage3questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:should a leader strive to be loved or feared?thisquestion,famously posed by machiavelli,lies at the heart of joseph nyes new book.mr.nye,a former dean of the kennedy school of government at harvard and one-time chairman of americas national intelligence council,is best known for promoting the idea of soft power,based on persuasion and influence,as a counterpoint to hard power,based oncoercion(强迫) and force.the context of leadership is changing,the observe,and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated.in modem companies and democracies,power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined,making soft power ever more important.but that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.mr.nye argues.instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.the conclusion of the powers to lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership,is that a combination of hard and soft power,which he calls”smart power”,is the best approach.the dominant theoretical model of leadership at the momentis ,apparently,the “transformational leadership pattern”.anone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit,but mr,nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single,slim volume.he examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.there are plcnty of anccdotes and examples,both historical andcontemporary,political and corporate.alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even mr.nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall.he is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders? to lie -and he provides a helpful12-point summary of his conclusions.a recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice versa.ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadcrship offers no casy answers.51.from the first two paragraphs we may learn thanmr.machiavellis idea of hard power is ______.a.well accepted by joseph nyeb.very influential till nowadaysc.based on sound theoriesd.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52.which of the following makes soft power more important today according to mr.nye?a.coercion is widespread.b.morality is devalued.c.power is no longer concentrated.d.traditional hierarchies are strengthened53.in his book the powers to lead,mr.nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadership except_____.a.authorityb.contextc.approaches【篇二：2009年考研英语真题及解析】t>2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题section iuse of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points)research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are.the fruit-fly experiments described in carl zimmer in the science times. fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly to live shorter lives. this suggests thatin not being too bright.intelligence, it __5 , is a high-priced option. it takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow the starting line because it depends on learning — _ process — instead of instinct. plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the thingsthey‘ve apparently learned is when to __8 . intelligence?that‘s the question behind this new research. instead of casting a wistful glance __10 at all the species we‘ve left in the dust i.q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real of our own intelligence might be. this is the mind of every animal we‘ve ever met.research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would humans if they had the chance. every cat with an owner, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that __15animals ran the labs, they would test us to __16the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. there is. __18 , they would hope to study a(n) 19question: are humans actually aware of the the results are inconclusive.1. [a] suppose [b] consider [c] observe [d] imagine2. [a] tended[b] feared [c] happened [d] threatened3. [a] thinner[b] stabler [c] lighter [d] dimmer4. [a] tendency [b] advantage [c] inclination[d] priority5. [a] insists on [b] sums up[c] turns out [d] puts forward6. [a] off[b] behind [c] over [d] along7. [a] incredible[b] spontaneous [c]inevitable [d] gradual8. [a] fight [b] doubt[c] stop [d] think9. [a] invisible [b] limited [c] indefinite[d] different10. [a] upward[b] forward [c] afterward [d] backward11. [a] features[b] influences c] results [d] costs12. [a] outside[b] on[c] by[d] across13. [a] deliver[b] carry [c] perform [d] apply14. [a] by chance[b] in contrast [c] as usual [d] for instance15. [a] if [b] unless [c] as [d] lest16. [a] moderate [b] overcome [c] determine [d] reach17. [a] at [b] for[c] after[d] with18. [a] above all [b] after all [c] however [d] otherwise19. [a] fundamental [b] comprehensive[c] equivalent [d] hostile20. [a] by accident [b] in time[c] so far [d] better stillsection ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)text 1habits are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ―not choice, buthabit rules the ueflecting herd,‖ william wordsworth said in the 19th century. in the ever-changing 21st century, even theword ―habit‖ carries a negative implication.so it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creaturesof habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. in fact, the more new things we try –the more we step outside our comfort zone – the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our own personal lives.but don‘t bother trying to kill off old habits; once thosebrain, they‘re there to stay. instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.―the first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,‖ says dawna markova, author of the open mind. ―but we are taught instead to ?decide,‘ just as our president calls himself ?the decider.‘ ‖ she adds, however, that ―to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. a good innovational thinkeris always exploring the many other possibilities.‖all of us work through problems in ways of which we‘re unaware, she says. researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. at the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.the current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collabor ative modes of thought. ―this breaks the major rule in the american belief system — thatanyone can do anything,‖ explains m. j. ryan, author of the 2006 book this year i will... and ms. markova‘s business partner. ―that‘s a lie that we have perpetuated, a nd it fosters commonness. knowing what you‘re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.‖ this is where developing new habits comes in.21. in wordsworth‘s view, ―habits‖ is characterized by being[a] casual.[b] familiar. [c] mechanical. [d] changeable.22. brain researchers have discovered that the formation of habits can be[a] predicted.[b] regulated. [c] traced.[d] guided.23. the word ―ruts‖ (line 1, paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to[a] tracks.[b] series. [c] characteristics. [d] connections.24. dawna markova would most probably agree that[a] ideas are born of a relaxing mind.[b] innovativeness could be taught.[c] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.[d] curiosity activates creative minds.25. ryan‘s comments sug gest that the practice of standardized testing[a] prevents new habits from being formed.[b] no longer emphasizes commonness.[c] maintains the inherent american thinking model.[d] complies with the american belief system.text 2it is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he‘s the kid‘s dad. all he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (ptk) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.more than 60,000 people have purchased the ptks since they first become available without prescriptions last year, according to doug fogg, chief operating officer of identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. more than two dozen companies sell dna tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. dnatesting is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists --- and supports businesses that offer to search for a family‘s geographic roots .most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. all tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare dna.but some observers are skeptical, ―there is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,‖ says troy duster, a new york university sociologist. he notes that each individual has many ancestors --- numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the y chromosome inherited thro ugh men in a father‘s line or mitochondrial dna, which is passed down only frommothers. this dna can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. databases used by some companies don‘t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. this means that a dna database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. in addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. in paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows ptk‘s[a] easy availability.[b] flexibility in pricing.[c] successful promotion.[d] popularity with households.27. ptk is used to[a] locate one‘s birth place.[b] promote genetic research.[c] identify parent-child kinship.[d] choose children for adoption.28. skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to[a] trace distant ancestors. [b] rebuild reliable bloodlines. [c] fully use genetic information. [d] achieve the claimed accuracy.29. in the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetictesting faces is[a] disorganized data collection.[b] overlapping database building.[c] excessive sample comparison.[d] lack of patent evaluation.30. an appropriate title for the text is most likely to be[a] fors and againsts of dna testing.[b] dna testing and its problems.[c] dna testing outside the lab.[d] lies behind dna testing.text 3the relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic developmentin poor countries is wrong. we are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them toimprove economic performance would require two or three generations. the findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the united states. not long ago, with the country entering a recession and japan at its pre-bubble peak, the u.s. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor u.s. economic performance. japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. yet the research revealed that the u.s. factories of honda, nissan, and toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their japanese counterparts as a result of the training that u.s. workers received on the job.more recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-english-speaking mexican workers in houston, texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry‘s work.what is the real relationship between education and economic development? we have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don‘t force it. after all, that‘s how education got started. when our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn‘t have time to wonder much about a nything besides finding food. only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.as education improved, humanity‘s productivity potential increased as well. when the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. this increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. a lack of formal education, however, doesn‘t constrain the ability of the developing world‘s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. on the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn‘t developing more quickly there than it is.31. the author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries[a] is subject to groundless doubts.[b] has fallen victim of bias.[c] is conventionally downgraded.[d] has been overestimated.32. it is stated in paragraph 1 that the construction of a new education system[a] challenges economists and politicians.[b] takes efforts of generations.[c] demands priority from the government.[d] requires sufficient labor force.33.a major difference between the japanese and u.s workforces is that[a] the japanese workforce is better disciplined.[b] the japanese workforce is more productive.[c] the u.s workforce has a better education.【篇三：2009年考研英语真题(含答案解析)】p class=txt>directions:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points)research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in carl zimmers piece in the science times on tuesday. fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. this suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. it takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to 8.is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? thats the question behind this new research. i like it. instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species weve left in the dust i.q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. this is 12 the mind of every animal ive ever met.research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. every cat with an owner, 14, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. they would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17, not merely how much of it there is.18, they would hope to study a 19 question: are humans actually aware of the world section i use of english they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [a] suppose2. [a] tended3. [a] thinner。
2009年英语2真题
2009年英语2真题1、He didn't allow _____ in his room. Actually he didn't allow his family _____ at all. [单选题] *A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; to smoke(正确答案)C. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking2、I had _______ egg and some milk for breakfast this morning. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /3、Don’t read in bed. It’s _______ your eyes. [单选题] *A. good atB. good forC. bad atD. bad for(正确答案)4、The children ______ visiting the museum. [单选题] *A. look overB. look forward to(正确答案)C. look forD. look after5、“I think you are wonderful,”she said, “You are so patient with your little George.”[单选题] *A. 耐心(正确答案)B. 细心C. 关心D. 偏心6、—When are you going to Hainan Island for a holiday? —______ the morning of 1st May.（）[单选题] *A. InB. AtC. On(正确答案)D. For7、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions8、Actually, we don't know whether this news comes from a reliable（）or not. [单选题] *A. source(正确答案)B. originC. basisD. base9、We have ______ homework today. （）[单选题] *A. too manyB. too much(正确答案)C. much tooD. very much10、Lucy _______ at 7:00 every day. [单选题] *A. go to schoolB. goes to school(正确答案)C. to go to schoolD. went?to?school11、_____, Martin can reach the branch of that tall tree at the gate. [单选题] *A. As a short manB. Being shortC. As he is shortD. Short as he is(正确答案)12、Many of my classmates are working _______volunteers. [单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. toC. atD. like13、4．—Let's fly a kite when you are ________ at the weekend.—Good idea. [单选题] * A．warmB．kindC．smallD．free(正确答案)14、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] * A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly15、He always ______ the teacher carefully in class. [单选题] *A. listensB. listens to(正确答案)C. hearsD. hears of16、Now he is _______ his homework. [单选题] *A. busyB. busy with(正确答案)C. busy with doingD. busy does17、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night18、—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A. likeB. would lookC. would like(正确答案)D. take19、He has two sisters but I have not _____. [单选题] *A. noneB. someC. onesD. any(正确答案)20、25．A watch is important in our life. It is used for ______ the time. [单选题] * A．telling (正确答案)B．sayingC．speakingD．holding21、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation. [单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)22、I've never been to Africa, but that is the place（）. [单选题] *A. where I most want to visitB. in which I most want to visitC. I most want to visit(正确答案)D. that I want to visit it most23、1．I saw ________ action film with my friend yesterday, and ________ film was amazing. [单选题] *A．a...aB．a...theC．an...the(正确答案)D．an...a24、Although the story is written for children, it can be read by adult, _____. [单选题] *A. alsoB. eitherC. as wellD. too(正确答案)25、I have seldom seen my father（）pleased with my progress as he is now. [单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. veryC. tooD. rather26、Before leaving the village, he visited the old house _____ he spent his childhood. [单选题] *A in which(正确答案)B. whichC. to whichD at which27、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of28、39．—What do you ________ my new dress?—Very beautiful. [单选题] * A．look atB．think aboutC．think of(正确答案)D．look through29、These apples smell _____ and taste ______. [单选题] *A. well; wellB. good; good(正确答案)C. well; goodD. good; well30、The man lost his camera and he ______ it now.（）[单选题] *A. foundB. is findingC. is looking forD. looks for(正确答案)。
09年PETS二级考试模拟试题及答案解析(二)
09年PETS二级考试模拟试题及答案解析(二)第二部分：英语知识运用第一节：单项选择从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．1. Usually, _______ care for children's ______.A. woman writers... livesB. women writer... lifeC. women writers ... lifeD. women writer ... lives2. ________ you are free, why not go skating with us?A. BecauseB. SinceC. AsD. For3. Great men never give up ______ difficulty.A. in a face ofB. in face of theC. in the face ofD. in the face of the4. ----- _____ is the engineer's husband ?----- The neighbor of your brother in the corner.A. WhoB. WhatC. HowD. Which5. There are ______ custom tailors and dressmakers in the U. S. than in European countries.A. far fewerB. so fewerC. very fewerD. too fewer6. A fireman discovered the __________ of the fire.A. truthB.. reasonC. causeD. fact7. That young man has made so much noise that he ___ not have been allowed attend the concert.A. couldB. mustC. wouldD. should8. "Would you like some more noodles ?""'No, thanks. I ________________."A. don't want toB. can't eatC.. am not hungryD. I'm full9.You may write to me or come to see me. ____________ way will doA. AllB. BothC. OneD. Either10. That was the first time I _______________ England's coastA. leftB. had leftC. would leaveD. has left11. Whenever I met him, _____________ was fairly frequent, ___________ I liked his sweet and hopeful smile.A. which ...不填B that ... that C. it ... that D. what ... 不填12.I don't know what illness he suffered from, but I do remember he mentioned ___ in hospital last year.A. to have been B . to be C. having been D. being13. Entering the room, I found my father __ at the desk and ___ something .A. seat... writeB. seated ... wroteC. seated ... writingD. seating ... writing14. ____ they will send us an invitation is not yet known, __we hope they sill.A. If... writeB. That soC. When ... yetD. Whether ... but15. Nancy isn't here. It's my mistake. I forgot all about____ her.A. telephoningB. to telephoneC. to telephone toD. the telephone to第二节：完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D中选出能填入相应空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．"Cool" is a word with many meanings. It s traditional meaning is used to 16 a temperature that is fairly cold. As the world has 17 , however, the word has expanded to 18 many different meanings."Cool" can be used to express feelings of 19 in almost anything.When you see a brand-name car in the street, maybe you can't help 20 , "It's cool." You might think, "He's so cool," when you see your 21 footballer.We all enlarge the meaning of "cool". You can use it 22 many words such as "new" or "amazing." Here's an interesting story we can see 23 illustrate the usage of the word: A teacher asked her students to 24 the waterfall they had visited. On one student's paper was just the one 25 , "It's so cool." 26 he thought it was 27 to describe 28 he saw and felt.29 the story also proves the shortage of words and expressions. 30 "cool," some people have no words to express the same meaning. So it is 31 to improve our word strength to maintain some 32 .As a popular word, "cool" stands for a kind of special 33 that people can accept easily. Excepting "cool," can you think of many words that 34 your life as colorful? I can. And I think they are also very 35 .16. A. find B. take C. show D. make sure17. A. changed B. been developed C. been cleanedD. informed18. A. turn out B. take on C. take in D. come into19. A. satisfaction B. interest C. sense D. interesting20. A. to say B. telling C. shout D. saying21. A. famous B. out of date C. favourite D. modern22. A. in stead of B. in place of C. to take place ofD. exchange23. A. is used to B. showing C. used to D. explaining24. A. write for B. copy down C. describe D. say something25. A. phrase B. word C. story D. sentence26. A. However B. May be C. As far as D. Perhaps27. A. The just thing B. the very mean C. some methods D. the best way28. A. the means B. what C. how D. wherever29. A. And B. If C. So D. But30. A. Without B. Using C. Not being used D. With31. A. important B. necessary C. impossible D. natural32. A. true B. belief C. richness D. interest33. A. habit B. culture C. language D. enjoyment34. A. put B. change C. better D. make35. A. cool B. easy C. difficult D. important第三部分：阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
全国公共英语等级考试(pets)二级考试真题
公共英语（PETS）二级考试真题笔试部分答题时间：100分钟姓名：准考证号：第一部分听力1～20略第二部分英语知识运用第一节单项填空从[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡1上将该项涂黑．21. ?DAre we supposed to take off our shoes before we enter??DNo, you .[ A ] shouldn ' t [ B ] needn ' t[ C ] mustn ' t [ D ] can' t22. Tell him he should stop __________ and get some sleep.[ A ] worry [ B ] worrying[ C ] to worry [ D ] from worrying23. How are you feeling now? Should I send __________ the doctor?[ A ] off [ B ] to[ C ] with [ D ] for24. Shanghai is a big city. It is __________ the southeast of China.[ A ] in [ B ] at[ C ] on [ D ] to25. ?DCan you lend me a pen??DSorry, __________ .[ A ] I haven' t [ B ] I haven' t got that [ C ] I haven' t got it [ D ] I haven' t got one26. I' m used to driving in Hong Kong now, but it __________ hard at the beginning.[ A ] was [ B ] is[ C ] had been [ D ] has been27. These windows need __________ . Can you do them?[ A ] clean [ B ] cleaning[ C ] to clean [ D ] cleaned28. Did you see the film on__________television or at cinema?[ A ] -; the [ B ] a; -[ C ] a; the [ D ] the; -29. If you' re going to the airport by car, can you give mea __________ ?[ A ] lift [ B ] seat[ C ] drive [ D ] hand30. ?DWhich will you have then, the white one or the blue one??DI' ll take __________ to give myself a change sometimes.[ A ] one [ B ] two[ C ] both [ D ] either31. She is a stranger in this village, __________ anyone knows where she came from.[ A ] Hardly [ B ] Almost[ C ] Never [ D ] Nearly32. I was just coming out of the sea after a swim __________ I stepped on a sharp stone and cutmy foot.[ A ] when [ B ] as[ C ] then [ D ] while33. I want to buy a new tie to __________ my brown suit.[ A ] agree with [ B ] wear[ C ] match [ D ] keep with34. How nice to see you again! You should have told me you __________ .[ A ] are coming [ B ] were coming[ C ] will come [ D ] have come35. Would you be __________ to lend me your bike tomorrow morning?[ A ] as kind as [ B ] very kind as[ C ] so kind as [ D ] very kind so第二节完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡1上将该项涂黑.Body language is a personal thing. It says a lot about a person, such as whether he 36 respect for others to whom he is talking, and whether he pays proper 37 to someone else' s ideas.Think about your own body language. It is important to pay attention to it. ___38____, when you meet someone, don't stand too ___39____ . An uncomfortable nearness is very ___40____to the other person, ___41____ keep your physical distance (体距),___42____ he' ll have to keep backing off from you.___43____ , two feet will do.Some of the ___44____in which your body will tell the other person you are ___45____carefully are :Sit attentively(专注地) in your chair.___46____you slump(垂头弯腰地坐) down on your backbone, your ___47____straight out in front of you, your body is saying, "I don' t care what you' re ___48____, I'm not interested. "___49____ the face of the person speaking and do not let your eyes roam(漫游) around. It' s ___50____to give the person speaking your___51____attention.Keep your legs ___52____ .Do not keep changing your position. Crossing and uncrossing your knees shows either aching legs or the___53____that you can___54____ wait to get away. It is the way you may feel, but you should certainly.___55____that fact. 36. [ A ] shows [ B ] expresses [ C ] passes [ D ] proves37. [ A ] effort [ B ] attention [ C ] thought [ D ] care38. [ A ] In fact [ B ] At least [ C ] In general [ D ] For example39. [ A ] long [ B ] close [ C ] still [ D ] straight40. [ A ] exciting [ B ] necessary [ C ] annoying [ D ] shameful41. [ A ] but [ B ] yet [ C ] still [ D ] so42. [ A ] and [ B ] or [ C ] when [ D ] since43. [ A ] Normally [ B ] Especially [ C ] Gradually [ D ] Nearly44. [ A ] words [ B ] meanings [ C ] ways [ D ] rules45. [ A ] listening [ B ] looking [ C ] sitting [ D ] speaking46. [ A ] If [ B ] Unless [ C ] Although [ D ] Since47: [ A ] hands [ B ] chest [ C ] head [ D ] legs 48: [ A ] calling [ B ] telling [ C ] shouting [ D ] saying49. [ A ] See [ B ] Stare at [ C ] Watch [ D ] Glance at50. [ A ] exact [ B ] comfortable [ C ] acceptable [ D ] polite51. [ A ] full [ B ] extra [ C ] equal [ D ] real52. [ A ] straight [ B ] bent [ C ] low [ D ] still53. [ A ] reason [ B ] purpose [ C ] situation [ D ] fact54. [ A ] almost [ B ] only [ C ] hardly [ D ] nearly55. [ A ] cover up [ B ] talk about [ C ] think over [ D ] fight against第三部分阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡1上将该项涂黑.AAfter losing her job and home in 1984, Lynn Carr was living on the streets of St. Charles, Montana, with her five-year-old son. "We slept in our car for about a week," she said, "but then it was sold. "As she moved from one friend' s house to another, Carr began working toward a high-school-equivalence diploma(高中同等学历证书), listening to self-help tapes and making cheesecakes.After developing some new methods which she thought were pretty good, she offered her cakes to a restaurant. They sold out in a matter of hours.The following year, she met a man at a church service and before long, they married. Carr began selling the cheesecakes out of their home. Later she opened a cheesecake company. As business became better and better, Carr didn't forget where she came from.All the women she hires are mothers or high-school dropouts(退学者)--workers most other employers wouldn' t like to hire. Her dozen workers make 100 to 150 cakes a week and Carr owes her success to her employees. She says, "We're going to have a learning center and a day-care center in the company. Part of the workday will be spent studying for high-school-equivalence diplomas. "Recently, a 33-year-old woman with three children to raise was referred to Cart. She hired her at once. “It has been a real blessing (恩赐), ” the woman said.56. The text suggests that Lynn Carr[ A ] had to sell her car for a new one[ B ] had few friends to turn to for help[ C ] was once a school dropout herself[ D ] didn't work hard enough to keep her job57. Which of the following can be learned from the text?[ A ] People like Lynn Carr' s cheesecakes very much.[ B ] Lynn Carr' s cheesecakes are sold to high school dropouts.[ C ] Lynn Cart learned to make cheesecakes by taking courses.[ D ] Without finishing high school, one cannot even make good cakes.58. "Carr didn' t forget where she came from" (line 3, paragraph 3 ) means that Carr_______[ A ] remembered what she used to be[ B ] kept in mind her friends who had once helped her[ C ] would not forget where her hometown was[ D ] remembered all the places she had been to59. According to the last two paragraphs, Lynn Carr is trying[ A ] to turn her home into a learning center[ B ] to hire more moms and high school dropouts[ C ] to develop more new methods to make better cakes[ D ]1 to help people who have the familiar background as she did BThe banana "tree" is actually not a real tree. This is because there is no wood in the stem(树干) rising above the ground. The stem is made up of leaves growing very close together, one in-side the other. The leaves spread out at the top of the stem and rise in the air, Banana plants need a lot of care and attention. They must be provided with water if the normal rainfall doesn't supply enough. The area around the plants must be kept free of weeds(杂草) and grass.About nine or ten months after planting, a flower appears on the banana plant. This flower is at the end of a long stalk(茎), which grows from the base up through the center of the stem and turns downward when it comes out from the top. Small bananas form on this flower stalk as it grows downward. Bananas really grow upside down. As the small bananas form on the stalk, they point downward, but as they grow they turn and point upward.Bananas are harvested while they are still green, Even when they are to be eaten where they are grown, they are not allowed to ripen on the plant. A banana that turns yellow on the plant loses its taste."60. The first paragraph in the text mainly discusses_______________.[ A ] why the stem of the tree is wood[ B ] how the banana grows on the stem[ C ] why the banana tree is not a tree[ D ] how the leaves grow out of the stem61. The underlined word "it" ( line 3, paragraph 3) in the third paragraph refers to__________.[ A ] the leaf [ B ] the stalk [ C ] the stem [ D ]the plant62. According to the text, where do bananas actually grow ?[ A ] On the stem.[ B ] On the leaves.[ C ] On the flower stalk.[ D ] On the base of the stem.63. From the text we know when bananas are harvested, they are_____________.[ A ] green and pointing upward[ B ] yellow and pointing downward[ C ] green and pointing downward[ D ] yellow and pointing upwardCEveryone wants the best for a baby. A mother wants her baby to have the best in the way of food, toys, clothing and equipment. Her value judgements on prices may go wrong when it comes to buying for a baby, particularly the first one. Factory producers and advertisers(广告商) recognize this, and exploit it to the full. Far more is spent in buying push-chairs, special milk, and special powders for small babies than is necessary.The child himself watches television, a particularly strong influence ( 影响) on Small children. Looking at them as they watch television, and then watching them react to products afterwards, suggests that young children accept the television advertisements as well as the guidance offered by children' s programmes , and find both equally attractive. The child comes early in life to the feeling widespread in this country that if something is said on television it must be true.For this reason much Christmas gift advertising, and advertising for sweets, food and washing powders, is specially designed for children because of the effect their repeated nagging can have on their mothers. By exercising in this way they become consumers (消费者) at an early ageand as a result, with present-day pressures, choosing and buying goods and services will remain an important part of their future lives64. According to the writer, a mother spends more than necessary on___________.[ A ] Christmas advertising[ B ] special powders[ C ] television[ D ] sweets65. The underlined word "nagging" most probably means____________.[ A ] repeated demands[ B ] baby powders[ C ] TV services[ D ] children' s programmes66. Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?[ A ] Children like both TV advertisements and children' s programmes.[ B ] TV programmes often advertise the best products for children.[ C ] Mothers encourage children to buy products advertised on TV.[ D ] TV advertisements provide the best advice to choose gifts.67. The best title for the text could be____________.[ A ] Mothers and babies[ B ] Children as consumers[ C ] Giving the best to babies[ D ] Choosing goods for childrenDThe number of people in the world is growing. By the year 2,000 world population is expected to grow to 6.2 billion. The fastest growth is in developing countries, where there is already a shortage(短缺) of food, housing, and jobs. Africa is the fastest-growing part of the world. In Kenya, for example, the population will increase 10 times in the next 80 years.In Asia, a few countries have begun to reduce their population growth slowly, china still makes up about 21% of the world's population, butit has greatly slowed down its rate(速度) of growth. It is now growing at a rate of only 0.8% per year. In India, however, the population continues to grow, and it is expected to be even larger than the Chinese population by the year 2040.The population in India is growing three times faster than in Australia, Japan, and the developed countries in Europe. In fact, European people are more worried about population decrease(减少)than increase. Eastern European countries are growing at a rate of only about 1%.The best news is that, in general, population growth has slowed down from 2.08% in 1970 to 1.6% in 1985. At the present rate, the earliest that the world could reach zero population growth is 2040. At that time, there will probably be about 8 billion people in the world. It is possible, though, that the population might not really stop growing until much later. With people living longer, the number of elderly will have grown by 15% by that time. Nearly half of the world' s population will be living in cities. This is a situation that could cause a long list of other problems including pollution and a lack of food, water, housing, and jobs.68. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[ A ] Decrease of World Population[ B ] Population Growth Has Stopped[ C ] World Population?DA Look Into the Future[ D ] China' s Population?DOne Fifth of the World Population69. Among all the countries mentioned in the text, the one with the highest growth rate is_______.[ A ] India[ B ] China[ C ] Japan[ D ] Kenya70. People in European countries are more concerned about the fact that__________.[ A ] they do not have enough jobs for people[ B ] many people from the countryside come to live in the cities [ C ] the population in developing countries is not decreasing[ D ] their populations are falling71. Which of the following facts is best supported by the text?[ A ] There will be a number of problems in cities in the future.[ B ] The world population will stop growing in 2040.[ C ] 15 percent of the world population will be elderly people.[ D ] Kenya will have the biggest population in the world.EFILM PREVIEWSIn the Line of FireAfter his Oscar success as an aging cowboy in Unforgotten, Clint Eastwood plays an aging secret-service man in this action movie. He is Frank Horrigan, a devoted citizen who has strong love for his country and who believes that he was responsible(有责任的) for the death of John F. Kennedy in 1963. When a madman, played by John Malkovich , says that he will kill the present President. Horrigan is given the chance to redeem himself.Sleepless in SeattleA very interesting film from Nora Ephron , the writer-director of When Harry Met Sally. One Christmas, a little boy, who has just lost his mother, calls a national radio station to find a new wife for his dad, played by Tom Hanks. When a radio-reporter hears the program, she is sure that she has found the man of her dream and spends the rest of the film in an eager search for him.The FirmTom Cruise plays a young lawyer, Mitch McDeere, who finds out that several members of his new law firm have died. When an FBI man finds out that the firm is run by the Mafia (黑手党), Mitch is offered a job as an undercover agent(便衣特工), who will pretend to work for one side while working for another. However, he refuses and thinks up a way neither to follow the FBI nor the Mafia. This is Tom Cruise acting the part he knows best?D "The Great American Individual".72. Who plays the major part in the Line of Fire?。
09年3月至17年3月全国公共英语二级听力试题、答案及录音原稿
全国英语等级考试第二级听力测试2009年3月第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Who is paying the lunch now?A ．They share the bill B ．The woman C ．The man 2．Who are the two speakers?A ．Workers B ．Students C ．Teachers 3．What will the speakers do over the weekend?A ．Go camping B ．Stay at home C ．Climb mountains 4．Where are the speakers?A ．In a bookstore B ．On a bus C ．At home 5．What does the man ask the woman to do?A ．Get his key B ．Start the car C ．Wait for him第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7题。
6．Why does the woman call the man?A ．To tell him the time and place of a meeting.B ．To tell him how to get to Birmingham.C ．To tell him to visit Don White.7．Which train is the woman taking?A ．The 10:17B ．The 10:45C ．The 11:15听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10题。
2009年高考英语试题(含答案)(全国2卷)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷（全国2卷）英语第一卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：haveA．gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。
1. JulyA. diaryB. energyC. replyD. daily2. medicineA. twiceB. medicalC. perfectD. clinic3. seizeA. neighbourB. weighC. eightD. receive4. determineA. remindB. ministerC. smileD. tidy5. existA. experienceB. examineC. exciteD. explode第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
6. It is often _____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A. saidB. to sayC. sayingD. being said7. Charles was alone at home, with _____ looking after him.A. someoneB. anyoneC. not oneD. no one8. Progress ______ so far very good and we sure that the work will be finished on time.A. wasB. had beenC. has beenD. will be9. The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride ___.A. mostB. moreC. lessD. little10. All the dishes in this menu, _____ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.A. asB. ifC. thoughD. unless11. I’m sure that your letter will get _____ attention .They know you’re waiting for the reply.A. continuedB. immediateC. carefulD. general12. The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get ______ completely free.A. otherB. othersC. oneD. ones13. Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.A. as a result ofB. on top ofC. in front ofD. in need of14. What I need is _____ book that contains _____ ABC of oil painting.A. a；不填B. the; 不填C. the; anD. a; the15. If you leave the club, you will not be ______ back in.A. receivedB. admittedC. turnedD. moved16. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.A. being runB. runC. to runD. running17. My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it18. It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting _____.A. too much longB. much too longC. long too muchD. too long much19. ---- Do you mind my opening the window? It’s a bit hot in here .---- ______, as a matter of fact.A. Go aheadB. Yes, my pleasureC. Yes, I doD. Come on20. I can’t leave. She told me that I _____ stay here until she comes back.A. canB. mustC. willD. may第三节完形填空（共20小题；没小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
09年PETS二级考试模拟试题及答案解析（七）4
( C ) I wonder why American towns looks so much alike that I sometimes mix them up in my memory. The standard influence(影响)of mass production whose agents(代理商)are the travelling salesman, the mail-order house, the five-and-ten cent stores, the chain stores, the movies can hardly explain it. If you stay two days in Bologna and in Ferrare, or in Arles and in Avignon, you will never mix them up in all your life. But it may well happen that after you spend two days in St.Louis and in Kansas City the appearances of these two cities soon mix up. I think the reason for this is that these towns have not yet had time enough to develop their own characters. Similarly, children are much less different from each other than grown people. 44. Which two of the following towns look so much alike?A. Bologna and FerrareB. Arles and AvignonC. St. Louis and Kansas CityD. Bologna and St. Louis 45. In line 4 the word "it" refers to ____________.A. standard of townsB. similarity of townsC. people's memoryD. mass production 46. American towns look very much alike because of ____________.A. the standard influence of mass productionB. their different appearancesC. not being fully developedD. having everything in common ( D ) Millions of stars are travelling about in space. A few form groups which journey together, but most of them travel alone. And they travel through a universe so large that one star seldom comes near to another. For the most part each star makes its journey in complete loneliness, like a ship on an empty ocean. The ship will be well over a million miles from its nearest neighbor. From this it is easy to understand why a star seldom finds another anywhere neat it. We believe, however, that some two thousand million years ago, another star wandering(漫游) through space, happened to come near our sun, Just as the sun and the moon raise tides(潮汐)on the earth, so this star must have raised tides on the surface of the sun .But they were very different from the small tides that are raised in our oceans; a large tidal wave must have travelled over the surface of the sun, at last forming a mountain so high that we cannot imagine it. As the cause of the disturbance(动荡) came nearer, so the mountain rose higher and higher. And before the star began to move away again, its tidal pull had become so powerful that this mountain was torn to pieces and threw off small parts of itself into space. These small pieces have been going round the sun ever since. They are the planets(⾏星). 47. Millions of stars are _______________.A. following a regular path in spaceB. moving about without a fixed courseC. seldom wandering about in the universeD. always travelling together 48. Some two thousand million years ago, the mountain on the sun was raised probably because __________. A. a large tidal wave of a star travelled over the surface of the sun B. another star happened to come near the sun C. the sun and the moon raised the tides on the earth D. the star moved away from the sun 49. The article suggests that _____________ .A. our earth exists before the sunB. how space formed C. no one knows where the earth comes from D. our earth used to be a high mountain on the sun 50. The expression "the cause of the disturbance" refers to _________.A. the large tidal waveB. the powerful tidal pullC. the star coming near the sunD. one of the sun's planets 51. In this article, the writer mainly wants to tell the readers __________. A. that the universe is so large that we cannot imagine it B. how the high mountains were formed on the sun C. why the tides over the surface of the sun were so powerful D. where the planets in the universe came from ( E ) Contacts(交往) between Japan and the rest of the world have grown a great deal in the twentieth century. In the last thirty years, business contacts between Japan and the West have become very important. Many foreign companies now have offices in Japan and Japanese businessmen do business around the world. Differences between Japanese and Western ways of doing business, however, often bewilder the foreign businessman and make doing business in Japan difficult for foreigners. The American businessman, for example , wants of start talking business immediately . He wants quick decisions. He does not wait. The Japanese, on the other hand , likes to arrive at decisions gradually after giving them a great deal of thought. Another thing foreign businessmen have difficulty in understanding is when a Japanese means "Yes" or "No". This is because of cultural difference for a Japanese to say "No" directly. In English, it is easy to say "No" to something we do not want to do. But in Japan it is very difficult to say "No". To refuse an invitation or a request with "No", or a similar phrase, is felt to be impolite. It is thought to be selfish(⾃私)and unfriendly. Soinstead of saying "No" directly, the Japanese have developed many ways to avoid saying "No". These enable them to avoid hurting other people's feeling. However, this often makes communication with the Japanese difficult for foreigners to understand and follow. 52. Paragraph one tells us that ______________ . A. It is not always easy for foreigners to do business in Japan B. Japan is a very important country for businessmen C. business contacts between Japan and the West are important D. Japanese businessmen do business all around the world 53. The word "bewilder" in paragraph 2 probably means _________.A. tireB. interestC. puzzleD. surprise 54. From the passage we can know that _____________. A. American businessmen do things more quickly than Japanese ones B. American businessmen like to say "Yes" and "No" C. Americans usually say what they are thinking D. Americans do not express themselves clearly 55. The passage tells us that ________. A. Japanese businessmen are good at business B. foreign businessmen should first try to understand Japanese C. foreign businessmen must be more polite D. if you want to succeed you must learn from Japan。
2009年3月全国公共英语考试二级笔试真题及答案
2009年3月全国公共英语考试二级笔试真题及答案(总分75，考试时间90分钟)第一部分听力理解(略)第二部分英语知识运用从A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
第一节单项填空1. -Why don't you come and play tennis with us this afternoon?A That's a great gameB Yes, I think soC That's a good ideaD No, let me see2. -The cake is delicious, John. -Would you like to have ____more?A muchB littleC fewD some3. Many people prefer large cars, ____ large cars are safer than small ones.A thinkB to thinkC having thoughtD thinking4. Betty saved her money ____ she might buy an MP3 player.A so asB so thatC even ifD as if5. We were ahead during the first half of the match, but we ____ in the last ten min utes.A lostB have lostC were losingD had lost6. Some of the crops failed. ____, the cotton did pretty well.A ThenB BesidesC ThereforeD However7. You_____have brought your umbrella for we are going by car.A won'tB mustn'tC needn'tD don't8. The soup my mother makes is much more tasty than_____that you can order in a restaurant.A itB thisC thoseD these9. ____, but would you mind moving your bag?A Wait a minuteB Thank you very muchC Excuse meD Nice to meet you10. 60% of those ____ in the research thought the noise levels of the traffic had incr eased.A questioningB questionedC questionD to question11. ____ the temperature going down so quickly, I don't think we are able to go on with our experiment.A ForB ByC FromD With12. Parents have to accept their children for ____ they are and not ____ they want th em to be.A who; whatB where; whoC what; whyD how; when13. Pay no attention to Susan-____.A she's just showing offB she's just shown offC she showed offD she shows off14. -Tina looks especially pretty tonight.-Yes, she always looks her best in ____ dress of ____ color.A / ;thatB a; thatC the; theD /; a15. Without someone to ____ for advice, making the best choice can be difficult for Tom.A turn toB turn upC turn overD turn on第二节完型填空Lately I have been noticing the great number of electrical appliances (电器) on the market. It seems to me that there are (36) now than a few years ago. I' m not really (37) why this is so; (38) I do have a few (39) . The first is that we are just too (40) to do things by hand (41) For every little job we once had to do there is now a (42) . The seconds that electrical appliance companies are just trying to make (43) out of people's laziness.(44) all of these electrical appliances around for us to use now, I (45) how I would have lived fifty years ago. (46) , how would I have cleaned my floor? I guess I could have (47) one of those things called a "broom" , which I (48) see now.I'm not trying to say I don't (49) electrical appliances; I certainly (50) . It is hard for me to imagine (51) I would do without my hair dryer! (52) , I do think a lot of modem appliances are needless and (53) may become even lazier by using them. (54) we'll have a catastrophic (灾难的) electric failure some day and (55) just how much we really have been depending on our electrical appliances!16. A fewer B too many C more D no more17. A sure B happy C interested D surprised18. A thus B but C when D although19. A arguments B suggestions C choices D ideas20. A slow B clever C eager D lazy21. A any time B anywhere C anyhow D any more22. A machine B new way C helping hand D chance23. A progress B use C money D trouble24. A For B By C With D Among25. A ask B wonder C understand D remember26. A For example B In fact C By the way D In other words27. A made B sold C borrowed D used28. A often B seldom C recently D certainly29. A change B depend on C share D worry about30. A know B am C agree D do31. A why B how C what D which32. A However B Besides C Meanwhile D There33. A that B others C it D people34. A Maybe B Hopefully C Hardly D Exactly35. A go over B forget about C talk about D find out第三部分阅读理解AChristine was recently digging through old boxes in her storeroom preparing to move to a new house. In one box, she came across a magazine of June 2, 1986.There's a reason Christine had saved the magazine for 20 years. In its pages, she was one of more than a dozen women reported in an article discussing the "cruel reality" of their poor marriage prospects (前景). At the time Christine was living in Chicago and greatly annoyed by the fact that her social life didn't seem to be progressing toward a trip down the aisle. "I had a lot of girlfriends in the same boat," she says.But a funny thing happened. At age 40, she married; a few weeks ago she and her husband celebrated their 10th anniversary (周年纪念). Today she' s the happy mom to two children from her husband's first marriage. Looking back on her single days, she remembers her unhappiness. "I had the same feeling that many women have, which is that you're not considered a whole person unless you're married with children," she says. "But as I reached my 40s, I realized that was totally wrong ... I could still have a very fulfilling life. " It was only after she' d come to peace with the fact that she might never marry that she met her future husband while shopping in a supermarket.To mark the 20th anniversary of this story, reporters sought out as many of the women in the story as they could find. Out of 14 single women in the article, 11 were found. Among them, 吨ht ended up marrying, and three remain single. Several had children. None divorced(离婚) . For her part, Christine isn't surprised. "I've watched a lot of people, married while young, get divorced," she says. "I think that if you do wait until Mr. Right comes along, you have a much better chance. "36. How old was Christine 20 years ago?A 20B 30C 40D 5037. We learn from the text that twenty years ago, ChristineA started her hobby by collecting magazinesB had a lot of girlfriends visiting herC was worried about her marriageD was in an unhappy marriage38. Why had Christine saved the magazine for so many years?A An article about her was printed in iB It described her social life in ChicagC An article written by her was published in iD It helped women like her to find their MRigh39. The underlined phrase "a trip down the aisle" (line 5, Para. 2) probably means___.A getting marriedB becoming famousC travelling by planeD going on a honeymoon40. What was Christine's idea about marriage and life when she was going on 40?A One cannot be a whole person without marriage and childreB One can live a happy life whether married or unmarrieC She might meet her future husband in a supermarkeD She will never think of divorce once marrieBArt Without LimitArt should not be limited to a museum. "Art and creative elements (创造性元素) can be mixed into daily life," said Professor Cheng of the Fine Arts Department.Public art can be seen as a realization of Professor Cheng's words above. It is simply artwork presented in the public space, where one could walk by any day. Connie Yu, a businesswoman, likes the idea of public art. "I like the idea of bringing art to people, rather than people to art. " However, the idea of public art is not very well developed in Hong Kong. A walk through the central area only presents one with a limited number of public art pieces. Most of them seem to be more for the purpose of decoration (装饰) than presenting art to the public. Also, people do not pay much attention to them.Alex Chan, a 34-year-old Hong Kong artist, said, "Public art is a great way to express yourself as an artist, to give something to people who don't normally go to the museums, and to give them a break from their daily life. It is just a shame that it’s not so common in Hong Kong. "41. What is "public art" according to the text?A Fine art pieces in museumB Art exhibitions for the artist.C Artwork by ordinary peoplD Art pieces in public place42. Which of the-following best explains Connie Yu's words?A Art piece should be sold at low priceB Art pieces should be brought to peoplC People should be persuaded to come to the museumD More artwork about ordinary people should be produce43. According to the author, public art in Hong KongA is warmly received by artistsB has attracted the museum-goersC has much room for improvementD is strongly supported by the governmentCIf you could give anything in the world to your child, you might want to give a love of words. Young children who can express their feelings don't have as many temper tantrums (发脾气). They also learn to control themselves using words. A two -year -old child reaches toward the oven (烤箱) door, then stops, tells herself, "Hot, hot," and turns away. Researchers call this " self -directed speech". It' s one of the ways children learn to do what' s right and not to do what's wrong.With each new word, a child gains a broader view of the world. Early on, all four -legged animals are dogs or maybe cats. But new words change them into horses, cows, elephants, and zebras. Children who have a wealth of words have a wealth of ideas.By age four, the number of words a child understands tells us how easily that a child will learn to read in school. It even tells us how well she'll be able to understand what she reads, and toexpress her ideas in writing later on.So, how do you give your child this wonderful gift? First of all, talk a lot. Talk when you're feeding or preparing a bottle; talk when you're doing the dishes or walking down the street. Second, do a lot of listening. Even before your child can speak clearly, ask questions and listen for answers. Assume(设想) that your child has ideas, and try to figure out what they are. Researchers have found a direct connection between the number of words a child knows and the number of words he hears, and especially the number of questions he is invited to answer.Third, read aloud every day. There are many reasons for reading aloud, but maybe the best is that books contain words; lots of new, different, interestil1g words. Here's an exciting thing that happens when you read aloud every day: You begin to hear "book words" in your child's speech. You're walking down the street, and you see a pretty flower. "Look," you say, "a pretty flower. " "Actually," your child corrects, "it's beautiful." Actually? Beautiful? That's when you know you've truly given your child a love of words.44. A two-year-old child uses the word" Hot, hot" (line 4-5, Para.I)A to prevent herself from being hurtB to learn a new wordC to warn her parents of the dangerD to show her large collection of words45. In the author's opinion, who should do a lot of listening?A The book writersB The researchersC The parentsD The child46. What is the main subject discussed in the text?A Value of reading aloud ωchildrenB Power of words in children's growthC Mind development of young childrenD Ways to develop a love of reading in children47. When the child uses "beautiful" to respond to the mother, it shows thatA the child loves certain words better than othersB the word "beautiful" is used more by childrenC reading has improved the child's languageD the child has the ability to correct parents 来源:考试大-公共英语考试DThey first arrived on British ships almost 200 years ago, with the aim of cutting bac k a rapid growth of rat (鼠) population. Then the cats themselves became the problem. A fter dealing with the rats", they turned to birds-and now hundreds of them have been killed in a move to protect rare (稀有) birds. Even cat lovers have been persuaded to back the move, after being told that there was no other choice.When British sailors took control of Ascension Island in 1815, they found nobody liv ing on it but that it was overrun with rats which had escaped from sinking ships. They i ntroduced cats to kill the rats-and were soon overrun by cats. By 1820 they were sending back to England for dogs to kill the cats, but that didn' t work. Ever since the wild catpopulation has been attacking the birds.Man introduced these cats, and it has disturbed the balance. Ascension Island is a mo st important seabird gathering place. We have to undo man' s mistake in bringing cats her e. Action has been taken to kill off wild cats for the protection of birds. Only cats raised as pets are allowed. Since they are micro-chipped (加电子芯片的), if they get caught the y can be sent back to their owner. The action can be considered rather successful. The ca t population is down to the last few-they're the most difficult ones to catch.48. The best title for the text would be _______.A Killing Cats to Save RatsB Problems with Shipping CatsC Fighting between Cats and RatsD Keeping the Rat Population Down49. Which of the following fust came to the island?A The catsB The ratsC The sailorsD The birds50. People on the island have been taking action to ________.A forbid having cats as petsB stop the killing of birdsC catch and kill all the catsD send all cats back to England51. What does the author mean by saying, "We have to undo man' s mistake in brin ging cats here" (Paragraph 3 ) ?A Friendly animals such as dogs should have been introduceB Men should remove the bad effect caused by catC Man should have a better understanding of catD Cats are not as valuable as other rare animalEThe Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia were completed in 1998. Ea ch tower is 452 meters high and has 88 floors. Designed to serve all floors, the four exe cutive lifts(公务电梯) in each tower transport passengers from the underground car park to the top floor in 90 seconds. The towers are joined 170 meters up by a two-level bridge on the 41st and 42nd floors.The Sears Tower in Chicago in the United States was the tallest building in the worl d for more than 20 years. Completed in 1973, the tower is 442 meters high. It has 110 f loors and 14,771 square meters of space. Its non -stop lift goes up to the top floor at a s peed of 487 meters per minute.At 421 meters high. Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai is the tallest building in China. Co mpleted in 1999, it has 88 floors and has the world's highest hotel rooms. This building was made to be strong-it can stand typhoon (台风) winds of up to 200 kilometers per hour.Burj Dubai is a modern building presently under construction in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Because of the strong desire to build the world's tallest building, much inf ormation about Burj Dubai is kept secret. However, experts expect the tower to have 162 floors and go up to 808 meters high. Its lifts will be the fastest in the world, traveling at 18 meters per second. It is due to be completed in 2008 or 2009.52. What joins the Petronas Twin Towers 170 meters up?A A flat floorB A non-stop liftC A long passageD A two-level bridge53. One can get to the top floor of the Sears Tower by its non-stop lift in _____.A 30 secondsB about 1 minuteC nearly 2 minutesD a minute and a half54. In the text, the tallest tower that has been completed in the world is _______.A The Petronas Twin TowersB the Sears TowerC Jin Mao TowerD Burj Dubai55. Which of the following could be the bestc title for the text?A Fastest Lifts in Tall TowersB Tallest Buildings in the WorldC Tourist Attractions in the WorldD High Costs of High Construction第四部分写作第一节短文改错短文改错(76-85略)第二节书面表达56. 假定你是李明。
2009年3月高口真题完整版(附答案)
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections：In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blank with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCEWhen Americans think about hunger, we usually think in terms of mass starvation in far-away countries. But hunger too oftenlurks____________(1).In 2006, 35.1 million people,including_____________(2) children, in the United States did not have access to enough food for an active healthy life. Some of these individuals relied on emergency food sources and_________________(3).Although most people think of hungry people and homeless people as the same, the problem of hunger reaches. __________________(4). While the number of people being hungry or _______________(5) may be surprising, it is the faces of those hungry individuals that would probably ___________________(6).The face of hunger is__________________ (7) who has worked hard for their entire lives only to find their savings_________________ (8); or a single mother who has to choose whether the salary from______________ (9) will go to buy food or pay rent; or a child who struggles to ________________(10) because his family couldn't afford dinner the night before. A December 2006 survey estimated that______________(11) those requesting emergency food assistance were either children or their parents.Children_____________ (l2) to live in households where someone experiences hunger and food insecurity than adults. _________________(13) compared to one in five children live in households where someone suffers fromhunger__________________ (14).Child poverty is more widespread in the United States thanin_____________(l5); at the same time, the U. S. government spends less than any industrialized country to____________________ (l6).We have long known that the ______________(l7) of small children need adequate food ___________(l8). But science is just beginning to understand the full extent of this relationship. As late as the l980s, conventional wisdom held that only the_______________ (l9) actually alter brain development. The latest empirical evidence, however, shows that even relatively mildunder-nutrition______________(20) in children which can last a lifetime.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLETQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.l. (A) Her purse was stolen on the metro.(B) Her home was broken into when she was vacationing.(C) She was robbed on her way home.(D) She was attacked by two kids on the street.2. (A) Last week. (B) On a summer day (C) Towards evening. (D) Late at night.3. (A) Four dollars. (B)Thirty dollars. (C) Forty dollars. (D) Three hundred dollars.4. (A) She hailed a taxi. (B) She just went home. (C) She reported the crime.(D) She phoned her best friend.5. (A) They need prosecuting.(B) They have to be punished.(C) They should get supervision.(D) They must be held responsible.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following hews.6. (A) A NATO naval force has successfully reduced pirate attacks in that region.(B) A UN resolution has been passed to stem the upsurge in pirate attacks on shipping(C) Several African countries have joined hand to patrol the coast.(D) An EU team of warships and aircraft will start its anti-piracy operations.7. (A) To resume a talk on improving its relations with India.(B) To cooperate fully with India in looking into the terrorist attacks.(C) To act swiftly to arrest the 10 militants who rampaged through Mumbai.(D) To quicken the 5-year-old peace process between the two nuclear rivals.8. (A) To seek the temporary suspension of Parliament.(B) To sign a deal with the opposition parties.(C) To form a coalition government with the Liberals.(D) To tackle the fallout from the financial crisis.9. (A) President Arroyo has escaped an attempt by troops to seize power.(B) Philippine lawmakers have voted to unseat the current president.(C) An impeachment complaint against President Arroyo was thrown out.(D) A majority of lawmakers are going to abstain in voting over the impeachment.10. (A) $8 billion. (B) $22 bil1ion. (C) $36.9 billion. (D) $39 bi1lion.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview11. (A)Professions and ways we actually wear(B) Trends and fashions in clothing.(C) Fashion designing.(D) Psychology clothing.12. (A )An awareness of impressing others.(B) An urge to look smart and trendy.(C) A conscious act of indicating individual taste.(D) A general feeling of insecurity.13. (A) Peop1e who are absorbed by other things.(B) People who are sociable and outgoing.(C) People with an aggressive personality(D) People with a preference for light colors.l4. (A) The colors of one's clothing.(B) The length of trousers one wears.(C) Sticking to grey or dark suits.(D) Wearing outrageous clothing,15.(A) Young hairdrssers. (B) Pop music fans. (C) Minority groups. (D) Ageing pop stars.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.l6. (A) Participating in Intenet chats.(B) Writing and receiving email messages.(C) Purchasing things online.(D) Doing research by clicking a mouse.l7. (A) Because the Intenet binds fewer people together than we actually need.(B) Because the hyperlinks often send us to commercial Web sites.(C) Because the Web can't always show clearly how to get where we want.(D) Because the Web is often a database organized for commercial purposes.18. (A) The inconvenience of placing orders.(B) The dropping out rate of online shoppers.(C) Time wasted in filling out information.(D) Issues related to privacy.l9. (A)They are becoming socially isolated.(B) 60 percent of them spend less time with family and friends.(C) How long they stay on the Web is the most frequent cause for divorce.(D) They no longer have close friends as they used to do.20. (A) Computers offer a perfect system for work and communications.(B) The effects of the Internet on our lives are still debatable.(C) The Intenet has revolutionized the way we do things.(D) We can get information, products and friends quickly with the Intenet.SECTION 2: READING TEST(30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLETQuestions 1--5"They treat us like mules," the guy installing my washer te1ls me, his eyes narrowing as he wipes his hands. I had just complimented him and his partner on the speed and assurance of their work. He explains that it's rare that customers speak to him this way. I know what he's talking about. My mother was a waitress all her life, in coffee shops and fast-paced chain restaurants. It was hard work, but she liked it, liked "being among the public," as she would say. But that work had its sting, too— the customer who would treat her like a servant or, her biggest complaint, like she was not that bright.There's a lesson here for this political season: the subtle and not-so-subtle insults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their working lives. And those insults often have to do with intelligence.We like to think of the United States as a classless society. The belief in economic mobility is central to the American Dream, and we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism. But we also have a troubling streak of aristocratic bias in our national temperament, and one way it manifests itself is in the assumptions we mark about people who work with their hands. Working people sense this bias and react to it when they vote. The common political wisdom is that hot-button social issues have driven blue-collar voters rightward. But there are other cultural dynamics at play as well. And Democrats can be as oblivious to these dynamics as Repub1icans——though the Grand Old Party did appea1 to them in St. Paul.Let's go back to those two men installing my washer and dryer. They do a lot of heavy lifting quickly——mine was the first of l5 deliveries——and efficiently toavoid injury. Between them there is ongoing communication, verbal and nonverbal, to coordinate the lift, negotiate the tight fit, move in rhythm with each other. And al1 the while, they are weighing options, making decisions and so1ving problems——as when my new dryer didn't match up with the gas outlet.Think about what a good waitress has to do in the busy restaurant: remember orders and monitor them, attend to a dynamic, quickly changing environment, prioritize tasks and manage the flow of work, make decisions on the fly. There's the carpenter using a number of mathematica1 concepts—symmetry proportion, congruence, the properties of angles——and visualizing these concepts while building a cabinet, a flight of stairs, or a pitched roofThe hairstylist's practice is a mix of technique, knowledge about the biology of hair, aesthetic judgment, and communication skill. The mechanic, electrician, and plumber are troubleshooters and problem solvers. Even the routinized factory floor cal1s for working smarts. When has any of this made its way into our political speeches? From either party. Even on Labor Day.Last week. the GOP masterfully invoked some old cultural suspicions: country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education. But these are symbolic populist gestures, not the stuff of true engagement. Judgments about intelligence carry great weigh in our society, and we have a tendency to make sweeping assessments of people's intelligence based on the kind of work they do.Political tributes to labor over the next two months will render the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps. But few will also celebrate the thought bright behind the eye, or offer an image that links hand and brain. It would be fitting in a country with an egalitarian vision of itself to have a truer, richer sense of all that is involved in the wide range of work that surrounds and sustains us.Those politicians who can communicate that sense will tap a deep reserve of neglected feeling. And those who can honor and use work in explaining and personalizing their policies will find a welcome reception.l. To illustrate the intelligence of the working class, the author cites the examples of all of the following EXCEPT______.(A) hairstylist and waitress, (B) carpenter and mechanic(C) electrician and plumber (D) street-cleaner and shop-assistant2. In the sentence "we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism"(para. 3), the word "egalitarianism" can be replaced by_______.(A) individualism (B) enlightenment (C) equality (D) liberalism3. We can conclude from the passage that ________.(A) in America, judgments about people's intelligence are often based on the kind of work they do(B) the subtle and not-so-subtle insults towards blue-collars are a daily phenomenon in America(C) the United States is a classless society(D) the old cultural suspicions of country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education show the Republican's true engagement4. One of the major groups of targeted readers of the author should be_______.(A) blue-collar American workers (B) middle-class American businessmen(C) American politicians (D) American company leaders5. Which of the following summarizes the main idea of the passage?(A) The Democratic Party and the Republican Party should stop symbolic populist gestures.(B) Political tributes should mind the subtle bias against the intelligence of the working class.(C) The ruling party should acknowledge the working smarts of blue-collars.(D) The whole American society should change the attitude towards theblue-collar workers.Questions 6--10From cyborg housemaids and water-powered cars to dog translators, and rocket boots, Japanese boffins have racked up plenty of near-misses in the quest to turn science fiction into reality. Now the finest scientific minds of Japan are devoting themse1ves to cracking the greatest sci-fi vision of all: the space elevator. Man has so far conquered space by painfully and inefficiently blasting himself out of the atmosphere but the 2lst century should bring a more leisurely ride to the final frontier.For chemists, physicists, material scientists, astronauts and dreamers across the globe, the space elevator represents the most tantalizing of concepts: cables stronger and lighter than any fibre yet woven, tethered to the ground and disappearing beyond the atmosphere to a satellite docking station in geosynchronous orbit above Earth.UP and down the 22,000 mile-long (36,000km) cables——or flat ribbons——wil1 run the elevator carriages. themselves requiring huge breakthroughs in engineering to which the biggest Japanese companies and universities have turned their collective attention.In the carriages, the scientists behind the idea told The Times, could be any number of cargoes. A space elevator could carry people, huge solar-powered generators or even casks of radioactive waste. The point is that breaking free of Earth’s gravity will no longer require so much energy—perhaps 100 times less than launching the space shuttle. "Just like traveling abroad, anyone will be able to ride the elevator into space," Shuichi Ono,chairman of the Japan Space Elevator Association, sad.The vision has inspired scientists around the world and government organizations, including Nasa. Several competing space elevator projects are gathering pace as various groups vie to build practical carriages, tethers and the hundreds of other parts required to carry out the plan. There are prizes offered by space elevator-related scientific organizations for breakthroughs and competitions for the bes and fastest design of carriage.First envisioned by the celebrated master of science fiction, Arthur C. Clarke, in his l979 work The Fountains of Paradise, the concept has all the best qualities ofgreat science fiction: it is bold, it is a leap of imagination and it would change life as we know it. Unlike the warp drives in Star Trek, or H. G Wells's The Time Machine, the idea of the space elevator does not mess with the laws of science; it just presents a series of very, very complex engineering problems.Japan is increasingly confident that its sprawling academic and industrial base can so1ve those issues, and has even put the astonishingly low price tag of a trillion yen (5 billion) on building the elevator Japan is renowned as a global leader in the precision engineering and high-quality material production without which the idea could never be possible.The biggest obstacle lies in the cables. To extend the elevator to a stationary satellite from the Earth's surface world require twice that length of cable to reach a counterweight, ensuring that the cable maintains its tension. The cable must be exceptionally light, staggeringly strong and able to withstand all projectiles thrown at it inside and outside the atmosphere. The answer, according to the groups working on designs, will lie in carbon nanotubes ——microscopic particles that can be formed into fibres and whose mass production is now a focus of Japan's big texti1e companies.According to Yoshio Aoki, a professor of precision machinery engineering at Nihon University and a director of the Japan Space Elevator Association, the cable would need to be about four times stronger than what is currently the strongest carbon nanotube fibre, or about l80 times stronger than steel. Pioneering work on carbon nanotubes in Cambridge has produced strength improvement of about l00 times over the past five years.Equally, there is the issue of powering the carriages as they climb into space. "We are thinking of using the technology employed in our bullet trains," Professor Aoki said. “Carbon nano tubes are good conductors of electricity , so we are thinking of having a second cable to provide power all along the route." Japan is hosting an international conference in November to draw up a timetable for the machine.6. Cyborg housemaids, water-powered cars, dog translators and rocket boots are_______.(A) some of the illusory imaginations of Japanese scientists and technologists(B) the inventions Japanese scientists are still making on the basis of science fiction(C) some of the examples of inventions created in science fiction(D) a few examples which will lead to the invention of the space elevator7. All of the following would be the features of the cables of the future space elevator EXCEPT that they would be.________(A) 22,000 miles long (B) exceptionally light(C) 180 times stronger than steel (D) made of fibres currently available8. According to the passage, the idea of the space elevator__________.(A) was first suggested by H.G Wells in his The Time Machine(B) was based on the warp drives from Star Trek by Arthur C. Clarke(C) was first proposed by Arthur C. Clarks in his The Fountains of Paradise(D) was the imagination of scientists from the Japan Space Elevator Association9. According to the passage, how is the idea of the space elevator different from some other imaginations in science fiction?__________(A) It is in agreement with the laws of science.(B) It is less functiona1 but more expensive.(C) It is easier to launch than other space vehicles.(D) It is more essential for the space elevator to break free of Earth's gravity.l0. If can be inferred from the passage that__________(A) science fiction stimulates the development of space science(B) science fiction usually does not follow the laws of science(C) science fiction has greatly changed life as we know it(D) science fiction will never equal the research of space explorationQuestions 11--15When the British artist Paul Day unveiled his nine metre-high bronze statue of two lovers 1ocked in an embrace at London's brand new St Pancreas Intenational station last year it was lambasted as "kitsch", "overb1own” and "truly horrific". Now, a brief glimpse of a new frieze to wrap around a plinth for The Meeting Place statue has been revealed, depicting "dream-like" scenes inspired by the railways.Passengers arriving from the continent will be greeted with a series of images including a Tube train driven by a ske1eton as a bearded drunk sways precariously c1ose to the passing train. Another shows the attempted suicide of a jilted lover under a train reflected in the sunglasses of a fellow passenger. Another section reveals a woman in short skirt with her legs wrapped round her lover while they wait for the next train.Other less controversial parts of the terracotta draft frieze depicts soldiers leaving on troop trains for the First World War and the evacuation of London's underground network after the terror attacks of 7 Ju1y 2005.Until the unveiling of The Meeting Place last year, Day, who lives in France, was best known for the Battle of Britain memorial on Embankment. His new frieze looks set to be a return to the sort of crammed bronze montages that has made him so well known. Day said he wanted the new plinth to act as the ying to the larger statue’s yang."For me this sculpture has always been about how our dreams collide with the real world," he said. "The couple kissing represent an ideal, a perfect dream reality that ultimately we cannot obtain. The same is true of the railways. They were a dream come true, an incredible feat of engineering but they also brought with them mechanized warfare, Blitzkieg and death."Day is stil1 working on the final bronze frieze which will be wrapped around the bottom of the plinth in June next year but he say he wants the 50 million passengers that pass through St Pancras every year to be able to get up close and personal with the final product. "The statue is like a signpost to be seen andunderstood from far away" he said. "Its size is measured in terms of the station itself .The frieze, on the other hand, is intended to capture the gaze of passers-by and lead them on a short journey of reflections about travel and change that echoes their presence in St Pancras, adding a very different experience to The Meeting Place sculpture".Brushing aside some of the criticism leveled at his work that has compared it to cartoons or comic strips, Day said he believed his work would stand the test of time. "All the crap that was hur1ed at the sculpture was just that, crap," he said. "The reaction from the critics was so strangely hosti1e but I be1ieve time wil1 tell whether people, not the art press, will va1ue the piece."When people criticise my reliefs for looking like comic strips they have got the wrong end of the stick. Throughout the ages, man has been telling stories through a series of pictures, whether it's stained glass windows, sculptures or photojournalism. My friezes are part of that tradition."Stephen Jordan, from London and Continental Rai1ways, which commissioned the piece, said: "The Meeting Place seeks to challenge and has been well received by visitors who love to photograph it. In addition, it performs an important role within the station, being visib1e from pretty much anywhere on the upper leve1 of St Pancras Intenational and doing exactly what was planned, making the perfect meeting place for friends."11. Which of the following is NOT true about The Meeting Place sculpture?(A) It has been completed with the rebuilding of the St Pancras International station.(B) It is located at London's new St Pancras International station.(C) It has been designed by the British artist Paul Day(D) It is a nine metre-high bronze statue of two lovers locked in an embrace.l2. The word “lambasted" from the sentence "it was l ambasted as 'kitsch','overblown',and 'truly horrific"' (para.1) can be paraphrased as_______.(A applauded (B) evaluated (C) criticized (D) slanderedl3.When Paul Day says ''but they (the railways) a1so brought with then mechanized warfare, Blizkrieg and death" (para. 5), he means that _______.(A) without railways, there would be no mechanized warfare, Blitzkrieg and death(B) railways led to mechanized warfare, Blitzkreg and death(C) the building of railways came in the wake of warfare, Blitzkrieg and death(D) the building of railways shows that technology also has horrible destructive power14. When Paul Day says that "they (the critics) have got the wrong end of the stick" (Para. 8), he was telling us that_______.(A) they should not be so hostile to his creation(B) they are wrong to compare his creation to cartoons or comic strips(C) they do not get the essence of his friezes(D) they should know more about the tradition of human story telling15. According to Paul Day, The Meeting Place sculpture is intended________.(A) to display the controversial world of the past century(B) to demonstrate how the ying and the yang accommodatie each other(C) to picture the life of London people during those war years(D) to show how human dreams come into conflict with the real worldQuestions 16--20Britain, somewhat proudly, has been crowned the most watched society in the world. The country boasts 4.2 million security cameras (one for every l4 people), a number expected to double in the next decade. A typical Londoner makes an estimated 300 closed-circuit television (CCTV) appearances a day, according to the British nonprofit surveillance Studies Network, an average easily met in theshort walk between Trafalgar Square and the Houses of Parliament. Public opinion on this state of affairs is generally positive, according to recent polls. And how useful is CCTV in busting bad guys? Not much, according to Scotland Yard. In terms of cost benefit, the enormous expenditure has done very little in actually preventing and solving crime.Right under Big Brother's nose, a new class of guerrilla artists and hackers are commandeering the boring, grainy images of vacant parking lots and empty corridors for their own purposes. For about $80 at any electronics supply store and some technical know-how, it is possible to tap into London's CCTV hotspots with a simple wireless receiver (sold with any home-security camera) and a battery to power it. Dubbed "video sniffing," the pastime evolved out of the days before broadband became widely availab1e, when “war-chalkers”scouted the city for unsecured Wi-Fi networks and marked them with chalk using special symbols. Sniffing is catching on in other parts of Europe, spread by a small but globally connected community of practitioners." It's actual1y a really relaxing thing to do on a Sunday" says Joao Wilbert, a master's student in interactive media, who s1owly paces the streets in London like a treasure hunter, carefully watching a tiny handheld monitor for something to flicker onto the screen.The excursions pick up obscure, random shots from the upper comers of restaurants and hotel lobbies, or of a young couple shopping in a housewares department nearby. Eerily, baby cribs are the most common images. Wireless child monitors work on the same frequency as other surveillance systems, and are almost never encrypted or secured.Given that sniffing is illegal, some artists have found another way to obtain security footage: they ask for it, in a letter along with a check for 10. In making her film "Faceless," Australian-born artist Manu Luksch made use of alittle-known law, included within Britain's Date Protection Act, requiring CCTV operators to release a copy of their footage upon the request of anyone captured on their cameras. "Within the maximum period of 40 days I received some recordings in my mail," says Luksch. "And I though, Wow, that works well. Why not make a feature length, science-fiction love story?" After four years of performing, staging large dance ensembles in public atriums and submitting the proper paperwork, Luksch produced a haunting, beautifully choreographed filmand social commentary in which the operators have blocked out each and every performer's face, in compliance with Britain's privacy laws."The Duelists," one of the more well known CCTV movies, was shot by filmmaker David Valentine entirely with the security cameras in a mall in Manchester. He was able to cajole his way into the control booth for the project, but he is also credited with having advanced video sniffing to an art form and social tool. He's collaborated with MediaShed, an organization based in Southend-on-Sea just outside London that works with homeless youth, using sniffing as a way to gain their interest and re-engage them with society.In some cases video sniffing has morphed into a form of hacking, in which the sniffer does more than just watch. Using a transmitter strong enough to override the frequency that most cameras use, sniffers can hijack wireless networks and broadcast different images back to the security desk. Most sniffers, hijackers and artists using CCTV are critical of the present level of surveillance, but they're also interested in establishing a dialogue about what is typically a secretive arrangement. The ability to tap into wireless surveillance systems and take them over points out a flaw in the elaborate security apparatus that has evolved around us.As anthropologists tell us, the act of observation changes what's being observed. Cameras 'reorder the environment," says Graham Harwood, artistic director of the group Mongrel, which specializes in digital media. That's especially true of saturated London. Like "flash mobs" and "wifipicning," both large, spontaneous gatherings of people centered around communications technology, sniffing and hijacking could become the next high-tech social phenomenon. Of course, it will likely disappear quickly once the survei1lance industry catches on to the shenanigans and beefs up its security. But the cameras will remain.16. Which of the following can best be used as a title for thepassage?_________.(A) Under Big Brother's Nose (B) Watching the Watchers(C) Security and Surveillance Industry (D) Britain's Privacy Laws。
09年PETS二级考试模拟试题及答案解析（八）
第⼆部分：英语知识运⽤ 第⼀节：单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填⼊空⽩处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂⿊． 1．He kept his head; otherwise the accident ______.A. would happenB. happenedC. would have happenedD. happens 2．――"Is she older than you?" ――"Yes she is older than _______two years"A. meB. I forC. I am byD. me by 3．He is _______a writer as a reporter.A. moreB. ratherC. not so muchD. not such 4．I suppose that when I come back in ten years' time , all these old houses ____-down.A. will have been pulledB. will have pulledC. will be pullingD. will be pulled 5．Johnson hoped it would be ______who would be called upon.A. hasB. himC. heD. himself 6．Have a cup of tea, _______?A. shall weB. will youC. won't youD. do you 7．It is estimated that much of a teenager's time is spent______ with friends.A. to talkB. talkingC. being talkedD. having talked 8．It is one __________best sellers in our country now.A. of themB. of thoseC. of thisD. of their 9．Henry was deported for having an expired visa. He _______ his visa renewed.A. should have hadB. must have hadC. might have hadD. would have had 10．----- "Where is your college located, John?" ----- "It is ________."A. on the Fifth AvenueB. on Fifth AvenueC. in Fifth AvenueD. at Fifth Avenue 11．I'm afraid it ______ tomorrow, but who knows?A. may have rainedB. might rainC. would rainD. ought to rain 12．The Caspian Sea, a salt lake, is ______any other lake in the world.A. largestB. the largestC. larger thanD. the larger than 13．______bricks, workers press clay into blocks and bake them to the requisite hard.A. Being madeB. The making ofC. To makeD. Made 14．He will go to America next month, if he ____ready then.A. isB. will beC. shall beD. is going to be 15．Cars moved very slowly in the 1920s, but they ______move more quickly than in 1910.A. were to canB. didC. willD. can 第⼆节：完形填空 阅读下⾯短⽂，从短⽂后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D中选出能填⼊相应空⽩处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂⿊． Martin Luther King. Jr. was born in Georgia in 1929. when was 16 a boy Martin learned that his 17 , the black Americans, were 18 treated differently from most of 19 fellow Americans. Many could not attend good schools, 20 good jobs, or live in nice houses because of the color of their 21 . Martin knew that in a free country this was 22 . He wanted to help his black brothers, 23 he decided to go to school and 24 a minister. He became a pastor (牧师)in Montgomery, Alabama . This is 25 Martin Luther King's "peaceful fight" first began. Dr. King worked 26 equality in other cities. He knew that the 27 way people could win their rights was to remain peaceful, 28 in face of danger. Dr. King won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his achievements and 29 . The whole nation 30 the terrible event that 31 on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. Martin Luther King, Jr, was 32 . The man who had preached (倡导) nonviolence (⾮暴⼒) died 33 . But Dr. King's dream can never 34 . Many Americans are still 35 to make that dream come true. 16. A. already B. still C. such D. not 17. A. family B. friends C. people D. country 18. A. much B. sometimes C. seldom D. often 19. A. his B. those C. most D. their 20. A. get B. look for C. having D. to do 21. A. faces B. skin C. bodies D. people 22. A. even worse B. different C. wrong D. reasonable 23. A. as B. because C. so D. but 24. A. helped B. ask C. visited D. become 25. A. where B. why C. said D. because 26. A. with B. in C. by D. for 27. A. only B. other C. wrong D. second 28. A. except B. even C. if D. not 29. A. honor B. victory C. courage D. strength 30. A. discouraged B. saw C. mourned D. rebelled 31. A. passed B. he did C. happened D. they managed 32. A. defeated B. shot C. caught D. put into prison 33. A. bravely B. violently C. quietly D. nonviolently 34. A. die B. be believed C. realize D. fail 35. A. wanted B. working C. prepared D. struggling 第三部分：阅读理解 （A） In ancient(古代) time the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome , testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the work of testing candidates（候选⼈）for a master's or doctor's degree. Generally, however, modern examinations are written. Two types of tests are commonly used in modern schools. The first types sometimes called an objective (客观性) test, it is intended to deal with facts., not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have mot learned the material properly. The student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and copy its letter or number on his examination paper. For testing a student's memory of facts and details, the objective test has advantages. It can find out a great deal about the student's range of knowledge. For testing some kinds of learning, however, such a test is not very satisfactory. A lucky student may guess the correct answer without really knowing the material. 36. The passage is mainly about ________. A. examinations in the ancient times. B．modern examinations. C．how to do well in an examination. D．setting questions for an examination 37. The objective test is not very satisfactory because _______. A. it is easy and quick to score. B. the teacher can find out a great deal about the student's range of knowledge in a short time. C. it shows how deeply the student has thought about the subject. D. it contains element of luck. 38. Which of the following statements about the objective test is true? A．Examinations in modern times are written, while in ancient times they are spoken. B．The objective test has advantages for testing a student's memory of facts and details. C．The objective test is the only way to test a student's memory of facts and details,. D．Each objective question has more than one correct answer. 39. The next paragraph will probably deal with ___________.A. the other type of examinationB. the advantages of the objective test C. how students guess the correct answer without really knowing the material D. examinations in the ancient times (B ) What is world English? World English is a course in the English language. It is intended for students whose native language is not English. It is a basic programme consisting of six stages. Each stage includes a Student Book, a Teacher's Book, a Workbook, and cassette recordings. World English is further supported by separate books of readings, by tests, and by visual（可视的）aids. Who is world English for? World English may be entered at any one of three different levels. The First Level, Books One and Two, is intended for students with little or no education In English. Books Three and Four make up the Second Level; they are suitable for students who have some knowledge of English. The Third Level, Books Five and Six, is intended for students who are concerned with improvement in the language. What does world English teach? World English teaches four basic skills of language: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. At all levels, each skill is presented systematically. In the First Level, listening and speaking receive more attention. In the latter books, reading and writing become more important. However, reading and writing activities are presented even in Unit One of book One; and listening and speaking exercises occur through Unit One of Book One; and listening and speaking exercises occur though Unite Ten of Book Six. 40. This passage is probably taken from the _______ of an English text book.A. contentsB. introductionC. First chapterD. index（索引） 41. Suppose you are a student of Senior Three, _______ will be suitable for you if you want to make your English better.A. Books One and TwoB. Books Three and FourC. Books Five and SixD. none of them. 42. We may infer form this passage that the whole set of World English consists of ______ units.A. tenB. thirtyC. sixtyD. more than sixty ( C ) One answer to the question of land shortage was suggested by an organization some years ago. A city was to be built at sea, housing 30,000 people. The suggestion was to shape the city like a harbor(港⼝)。
2009年3月公共英语考试二级模拟试题一及答案
2007年3月公共英语考试二级模拟试题一及答案PETS II 模拟考试笔试试卷第一部分听力理解（略）第二部分英语知识运用第一节单项填空 1.He is ______ a writer.A. failure asB. a failure asC. the failure forD. a failure with2.– can you come on Monday or Tuesday?–I’m afraid ______ day is possible.A. eitherB. neitherC. anyD. some3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember ______.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. what4.In the centuries _____, Egypt became one of the most advanced civilizations on earth.A. followedB. tat was followedC. which was followingD. which followed5.To enter his house is like ______ a small museum.A. to enterB. enteringC. enteredD. enter6.The local government cut down their costs ______ 30 percent.A. atB. byC. forD. with7.I’m reading his ______ novel.A. best-sellingB. best-soldC. best-saleD. best-sell8.It’s rude of you to shout _______ the room.A. beyondB. throughC. acrossD. over9.People are more likely to stay _______ 30 miles of _______ they were born.A. in … whereB. at … whatC. within … whatD. within … where10.After searching for half an hour, she realized that her glasses ______ on the table all the time.A. were lainB. had been lainC. have been lyingD. had been lying11.Facts show that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ______ directed.A . like B. as C. which D. so12.I walked too much yesterday and ______ are still aching now.A. my leg musclesB. my muscles of legC. my leg’s musclesD. my muscles of the leg13.He will have ______ 30 by the end of this year.A. turnedB. becomeC. gotD. taken14.Macao ______ its return to China in December, 1999.A. watchedB. foundC. sawD. noticed15.This hotel _______ $60 for a single room with bath.A. chargesB. demandsC. pricesD. claims第二节完形填空My father waved me goodbye and the bus (16)_____. My first country journey then began. The man sitting next to me was a road engineer. He said that (17)_____ by bus was an excellent way to (18)_____ road for him. We passed many villages on the way and stopped once (19)_____ to buy cold drinks, (20)_____ it was very hot. The countryside was brown and dry and there were long (21)_____ with no people or villages in (22)_____. We also stopped once at some road works, (23)_____ made my traveling companion very (24)_____.Most of us were dozing in the afternoon heat (25)_____ we were (26)_____ by a sudden noise which (27)_____ a shot from a gun. As the bus swerved（突然转向） and then stopped (28 )_____ the side of the road, I remembered all the horrible stories I had read about bands of robbers who used to attack travelers on (29)_____ roads like this. Many of (30)_____ people looked as bewildered and frightened as I (31)_____.My neighbor, (32)_____ , reassured me. “Nothing (33)_____, only a (34)_____ tyre. But we (35)_____ while he changes the wheel.”16. A. set in B. set off C. set D. set up17. A. traveling B. going C. judging D. coming18. A. investigate B. repair C. explore D. test19. A. and two B. or twice C. or two D. and twice20. A. because B. since C. now that D. when21. A. extensions B. ways C. stretches D. periods22. A. view B. vision C. sight D. eyes23. A. as it B. which C. so that D. thus24. A. upset B. depressed C. calm D. excited25. A. when B. where C. while D. the moment26. A. waken B. awake C. woke D. woken27. A. sounded as B. sounded like C. sounded with D. sound as if28. A. to B. onto C. at D. besides29. A. desert B. deserted C. dessert D. desserted30. A. the other B. other C. another D. the31. A. as I was looked B. as I must have lookedC. as I must have been lookedD. as I look32. A. therefore B. although C. however D. furthermore33. A. to be worried B. to worry C. to be worried about D. to worry about34. A. flat B. broken C. wrong D. burst35. A. will have been waiting B. will have waitedC. shall need waitD. shall have to wait第三部分阅读理解AWhat will man be like in the future-in 5000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. For man is slowly changing all the time.Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite ofall these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with use. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.36. The passage mainly tells us that____.A. man’s life will be different in the futureB. future man will look quite different from usC. man is growing taller and uglier as time passesD. man’s organs’ functions will be one the wane37. What serves as the evidence that man is changing?A. Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had.B. Man’s hair is getting th inner and thinner.C. Man’s arms and legs have become lighter and weaker.D. Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.38. The change in man’s size of forehead is probably because____A. he makes use only 20 % of the brain’s capacity.B. his brain has grown larger over the past centuries.C. the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time.D. he will use his brain more and more as time goes on.39. What is true about a human being in the future?A. He is hairless because hair is no longer useful.B. He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.C. His fingers grow weaker because he doesn’t have to make use of them.D. He thinks and feels in different way.40. It is implied that ____.A. human beings will become less attractive in the future.B. less use of a bodily organ may lead to its degenerationC. human beings hope for a change in the future lifeD. future life is always predictable.BWith the steady increase in the amount of leisure time that people enjoy today, the importance of businesses that deal with leisure products and services is also steadily increasing. One of the biggest such industries is the tourist industry. Providing transportation and accommodations for tourists ---- and guides, brochures, souvenirs ---- is one of the major industries in many countries. Since people are now having longer vacations and are more and more interested in seeing other partsof the world, this business will no doubt continue to grow. Another industry obviously devoted to leisure is entertainment. Movies, TV shows, concerts and plays are usually intended for our leisure. The same can be said of most books, except textbooks. Professional sports make money because people pay to watch them in their free time. This list could be greatly extended. But even among these industries, we have mentioned only part of the picture. The people who make the TV sets and build the theatres and tourist hotels are as much a part of the leisure industry as the singers or the hotel clerks.41. What makes leisure business important according to the passage?A. People’s leisure time is increasing.B. More and more people begin to show great interests in seeing other parts of the world.C. Improved transportation and accommodation conditions.D. Longer vacations are offered than before.42. What do we know about entertainment from the passage?A. It is the biggest leisure industry.B. Movies, TV shows, concerts and books are usually intended for our leisure.C. People are usually reluctant to pay to watch professional sports.D. Making TV sets and building theatres are also part of entertainment industry.43.What’s main idea of this passage?A. With people having more leisure time, tourist industry becomes the biggest industry in many countries.B. With people having more leisure time, entertainment industry becomes one of the major industries in many countries.C. With people having more leisure time, leisure business is becoming more important in economic life.D. With people having more leisure time, leisure business list is being extended.CThirty years ago not many people would have dreamed of doing the repairs and decorations in their own homes. In those days labor was fairly cheap and most people would have thought it worthwhile to employ a professional painter and decorator, unless of course they were either very hand up or were in the trade themselves. Today, however, it is quite a different story. Men and women in all walks of life turn their hands to all sorts of jobs round the house including painting, papering, putting up shelves and wall units, and tiling walls and floors. Some people with noprofessional training of any kind have even successfully built their own houses. These jobs have been made easier today by the introduction of prepared materials, which require the minimum amount of skill to use. In every high street through out Britain nowadays there is at least one “Do-it-Yourself” shop containing a vast range of timber, tiles, paints, wallpapers and floor coverings besides tools of every description including power drills and many accessories. “Do-it-Yourself” is a booming business; all these shops do a roaring trade and look like continuing to do so. Probably the main reason for the craze is the high cost of present-day labor and the shortage of building firms willing to do small jobs.44.Why did people employ professional workers to decorate homes thirty years ago?A. Because they could not do it themselves.B. Because professional workers were very cheap.C. Because they had no time.D. Because professional workers could do much better.45.Thirty years later what changes took place?A. People could do everything themselves.B. Few people chose to be a professional workerC. People with no professional training successfully built their own houses.D. New expensive materials required no skills at all.46.What caused the DIY craze?A. Young people liked to follow the fashion.B. “Do-it-Yourself” is a booming busi ness.C. There were fewer building companies.D. High cost of professional workers.47. What is the speaker telling us ?A. How DIY comes into being.B. Changes in building.C. Changes in housing.D. Great changes in these thirty years.DI used to be a faithful TV watcher. Besides the latest information, I ‘d love to appreciate beautiful exotic sceneries and enjoy the evening with my favorite singers, actors and hosts. It was the advertisement that frustrated me. Ad is a greatannoyance of watching television. In the first place, the ads waste time. Generally speaking, at least 5 or 6 minutes is lost when watching the ads during a single news program, and usually 10 to 15 or even more during a good movie. In the second place, the ads often interrupt the viewer. The viewer may forget the situation of a show because of frequently inserted ads; even worse, the watcher may lose his pleasant mood when the ads come on one after another, which can bring negative psychological influence such as disappointment, depression, anxiety and so on so forth. Besides, the ads make many products look more appealing than they really are, some of which even look so disgusting. For example, an expensive car is made to seem luxurious, or a bad product like deodorant is made to look very good by showing a beautiful amazing lady taking shower! Therefore, the television viewer must be aware and critical of the ad in order to endure them.48.Why the author was one of the TV fans in the past?A. Because he could stay with his favorite stars the whole evening.B. Because he could travel the world without going out.C. Because he could get the news which couldn’t be found on newspapers.D. Because he could make friends on TV.49. What feelings may ads bring to the viewers when inserted frequently, according to the author?.A. disappointed B. depressed C. anxious D. unpleasant50.Which statement is not true according to the passage?A. Ads are frustrations during watching TV.B. Ads occupy too much viewer’s time when they watch TV..C. Ads often cause interruptions which will destroy the viewer’s mood..D. Ads present the viewer much information about the best products.51. What can we infer from the passage?A. Ads time should be reasonably controlled.B. More and more people choose not to watch TV.C. Programs on TV are not worth watching.D. Ads mustn’t be showed on TV at all.EMcDonald’s is the world single biggest food provider with annual sales of around $12.4bn. And t he company’s symbol Ronald McDonald is now (or so the company claims) the word’s most recognized person after Santa Claus.The first McDonald’s restaurant was opened in San Bernardino, California, in 1948 by brothers Mac and Richard “Dick” McDonald. Mac ran the restaurant side; Dick was the marketing genius. He had already invented the drive-in laundry and had been the first person to use neon lights in advertising. Now he spotted the gap in the post-war, baby-boom market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants with simple menus, standardized food and efficient service.After a slow start, business began to boom. By 1954, the brothers were joined by another entrepreneur, a kitchen equipment salesman called Ray A Kroc who owned the franchise to the Multi mixer, milk shake maker used throughout the McDonald’s chain. A year later, Kroc had bought the McDonald brothers’ chain of 25 franchises for the equivalent of around $70m(￡44m). Dick remained with the company until the Seventies, when he and Kroc fell out over Kroc’s claim that the chain was his creation.Today, an almost Stalinist cult of personality surrounds Kroc (who died in 1984) at McDonald’s, while the brothers who gave the company its name have all but been written out of its history. But though Kroc did not found McDonald’s, he was certainly responsible for the empire-building philosophy which led to its world domination. He ushered in such essential contributions to international cuisine as the Big Mac (1968) and the Egg McMuffin (1973); and helped launch Ronald McDonald ---- “in any language he means fun” ---- on to television in 1963.Every three hours, a new McDonald’s franchise opens somewhere in the world; it can be found in more than 100 countries including India (vegetarian-only to avoid offending the non-beef-eating populace) and Israel (non kosher, despite fierce local objection). McDonald’s chain embodied the thrusting, can-do spirit of Fifties America with staff mottoes such as “If you’ve got time to lean, you’ve go time to clean.”52. McDonald’s was founded _____.A. by a kitchen equipment salesman .B. in California.C. by a marketing genius called Dick McDonald.D. after the first World War.53. What do we know about McDonald’s brothers?A. They were not McDonald’s f ounders although they named the restaurant.B. Their business was still in depression after several years.C. They had clear job separation on business.D. They sold their restaurant to a salesman in 1954.54. Which is not Kroc’s contribution to McDonald’s ?A. He launched the restaurant image Ronald McDonald on to television.B. Under his lead, international cuisine as the Big Mac and the Egg McMuffin earned worldwide fameC. He spotted the gap in postwar market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants.D. He built McDonald’s empire with a philosophy which led to its world domination.55. Which statement is true according to the passage?A. The single biggest food provider was however, not named after its founderB. The international cuisine as the Big Mac, a beef hamburger, is provided every chain restaurant in the world.C. Employees in McDonald’s have no time to lean.D. The symbol Ronald McDonald, means fun in any language, is said to the word most recognized person after Santa Claus.56. This passage is mainly concerned with _____.A. brief history of McDonald’s.B. McDonald’s success..C. Ray A Kroc, leader of the McDonald’s empire.D. McDonald brothers, founder of McDonald’s.第四部分写作第一节短文改错Sussex police ordered to search a six-foot,dark-haired 57____________youth about 20 he failed to rob an old lady – MrsWest. 58____________The youth rushed at the lady and tried to bringher 59____________things and money then she was walking through thestreet. 60___________Surprisingly, however, the old lady grasped therobber 61____________wrist (手腕) and it made him let out of a cry “Oh,no! 62____________Stop!” and ran away. “If I had been carrying myshopping, 63____________I would real have put him on his back,” said MrsWest 64____________who took a course in judo (柔道) when younger. “Whenmy 65____________husband was living. I used to practicing throwinghim 66____________At Christmas,” she explained.第二节书面表达根据下面的提纲写一篇短文。
2009年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析（原MBA）
2009年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析（原MBA）2009 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明文，摘自2008 年6 月26 日The New York Times。
文章主要介绍了世界石油价格的变化的原因以及给世界带来的改变。
第一段主要介绍了近年来石油价格的上涨以及其背后的原因。
第二、三段主要介绍了石油价格的改变对国家相互之间的关系带来的影响。
第四、五段分别具体的介绍了世界石油价格的变化给德国与美国来带的影响。
二、试题分析1.【答案】C【解析】本题主要考查词义辨析和熟词生义，A 项come，B 项gone，D 项arrived 都表示“到，到达”的含义。
C项cross 意为“穿过”，这里是引申含义“突破”。
这句话指“价格已经突破100 美元每桶”，与上文的“16 美元一桶”做比较。
2.【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词与介词词组的搭配。
解题重点在于空后面的一个介词词组from …to…表示一个范围。
A 项covered 意为“覆盖”一般指地理范围；B 项discovered 发现；C 项arranged 安排；C 项D 项的动词都与介词词组搭配不合理。
D 项ranged 意为涉及的“范围延伸”。
与后面的from…to…搭配合理。
本句句意是：价格上涨的原因涉及从……到……，固定搭配range from A to B。
因此，选项D正确。
3.【答案】D【解析】本题的解答要根据上下文来推理，四个选项中A 项intensity 强度；B 项infinity；无穷大；C 项insecurity不安全；D 项instability 不安定，不稳定性。
后面说到了“伊拉克与尼日利亚的三角洲地区”，我们知道这两个地区的局势长期不稳定。
所以D 答案与此相符。
4.【答案】B【解析】本题考核的重点是与名词的搭配的相关动词，后面的宾语是一个名词结构，the economic and political做map 的定语，而of the world 做了map 的后置定语，所以中心词是map。
2009考研英语二真题及答案
2009考研英语二真题及答案Section II Close(10%) Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage ,there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose thebest one and markyour answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil. (10 points)In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had(21)the $100a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge (22) from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread (23) in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have (24) the economic and political map of the world, (25) some old notions of power.Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, (26) major importers—including chinaand India, home to a third of the world's population-- (27) rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central (28) of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to (29) scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, (30) how unpleasant, to do it . In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption,(31) these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, (32) some in the west see as a new threat. Countries like Russia, Venezuelaand Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, (34) costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. (35) it imports virtuallyall its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia (36) 128 percent from 2001 to 2006. In the United States, as already high gas prices rose (37) higher in the springof 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama (38) for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months.And driving habits began to (39) ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems (40) the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21.A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D.instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatenin26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplie37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40.A. for B. from C. across D. OverPart III Reading Comprehension (40%) Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1. Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons .Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved. Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law. Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience. Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to?????????? .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion 42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to?????????? . A. pay a heavy fine B. close down its business C. change to a private business D. sign a document promising to act 43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to??????????? . A. the small number of qualified females in management B. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies C. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions D. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles 45. The main idea of the passage might be???????? . A. female power and liberation in Norway B. the significance of Henric Ibsen's play C. women's status in Norwegian firms D. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2 While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents. In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs. Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of? "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things. Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them). She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " There are just too many cool things to do and plan and live for." Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrowwax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes. While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer? A. Children. B. People in their 20s and 30s. C. Young adults. D. Elderly people. 47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic. 48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________ A. a cancer research organization B. a group of people who suffer from cancer C. people who have recovered from cancer D. people who cope with cancer 49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________ A. she is depressed and likes swearing B. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctor C. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctor D. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor 50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________ A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancer B. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer C. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colors D. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3 Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: Should a leader strive to be loved or feared?This question,famously posed by Machiavelli,lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book.Mr.Nye,a former dean of the Kennedy School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council,is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power",based on persuasion and influence,as a counterpoint to "hard power",based on coercion(强迫) and force. Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership,in both the political and business spheres.Machiavelli,he notes,concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved,but as it is difficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared than loved."In short,hard power is preferable to soft power.But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion. The context of leadership is changing,the observe,and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated.In modem companies and democracies,power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined,making soft power ever more important.But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.Mr.Nye argues.Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership,is that a combination of hard and soft power,which he calls”smart power”,is the best approach. The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is ,apparently,the “transformational leadership pattern”.Anone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable servicein rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single,slim volume.He examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.There are plcnty of anccdotes and examples,both historical and contemporary,political and corporate. Alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even Mr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall.He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders? to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions.A recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice versa.Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadcrship offers no casy answers.51.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavelli's idea of hard power is ______. A.well accepted by Joseph Nye B.very influential till nowadays C.based on sound theories D.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists 52.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?A.Coercion is widespread.B.Morality is devalued.C.Power is no longer concentrated.D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened 53.In his book the Powers to lead,Mr.Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____. A.authority B.context C.approaches D.morality 54.Mr.Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____. A.makes little use of management terms B.summarizes various studies concisely C.serves as an exit for leadership researchers D.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders 55.According to the author,the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies in his _____. A.view of changeable leadership B.definition of good leadership C.summary of leadership history D.discussion of moral leadershipPASSAGE4 Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage: Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when the job is done, they earned it. Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people andstability of its economy. The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalistsoffer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound? Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Human wars. B. Economic crisis. C. America's environmental policies. D. Global environment in general. 57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is__________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue 58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3)probably means_______. A. friction B. contradiction C. conflict D. problem 59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising 60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with___________. A. the new book written by Fred Krupp B. how America can fight against global warming C. the harmful effects of global warming D. how America can tide over economic crisisPart V Writing (20%)Direction: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2.At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important role in our lives . We are all aware that, like everything else, short message have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, infestivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience. In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, people’s life will be greatly enriched.But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored. We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers’ short messages one after another.As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinion, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it disturb us from our lives.参考答案SECTION 2 21-30 CDDBC BDABA 31-40 BADDA BACACSECTION 3 41-50 BBAAC CCBCC 51-60 DCABD CAAACSECTION 4 由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注. 银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济. 抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构, 这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险. 金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险. 46.Directions: In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points) “Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice. Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency. It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对 TedNing 而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
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2009年3月全国公共英语考试二级笔试真题及答案(总分75，考试时间90分钟)第一部分听力理解(略)第二部分英语知识运用从A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
第一节单项填空1.-Why don't you come and play tennis with us this afternoon?A That's a great gameB Yes, I think soC That's a good ideaD No, let me see2.-The cake is delicious, John. -Would you like to have ____more?A muchB littleC fewD some3.Many people prefer large cars, ____ large cars are safer than small ones.A thinkB to thinkC having thoughtD thinking4.Betty saved her money ____ she might buy an MP3 player.A so asB so thatC even ifD as if5.We were ahead during the first half of the match, but we ____ in the last ten minutes.A lostB have lostC were losingD had lost6.Some of the crops failed. ____, the cotton did pretty well.A ThenB BesidesC ThereforeD However7.You_____have brought your umbrella for we are going by car.A won'tB mustn'tC needn'tD don't8.The soup my mother makes is much more tasty than_____that you can order in a restaurant.A itB thisC thoseD these9.____, but would you mind moving your bag?A Wait a minuteB Thank you very muchC Excuse meD Nice to meet you10.60% of those ____ in the research thought the noise levels of the traffic had increased.A questioningB questionedC questionD to question11.____ the temperature going down so quickly, I don't think we are able to go on with our experiment.A ForB ByC FromD With12.Parents have to accept their children for ____ they are and not ____ they want them to be.A who; whatB where; whoC what; whyD how; when13.Pay no attention to Susan-____.A she's just showing offB she's just shown offC she showed offD she shows off14.-Tina looks especially pretty tonight.-Yes, she always looks her best in ____ dress of ____ color.A/ ;thatB a; thatC the; theD/; a15.Without someone to ____ for advice, making the best choice can be difficult for Tom.A turn toB turn upC turn overD turn on第二节完型填空Lately I have been noticing the great number of electrical appliances (电器) on the market. It seems to me that there are (36) now than a few years ago. I' m not really (37) why this is so; (38) I do have a few (39) . The first is that we are just too (40) to do things by hand (41) For every little job we once had to do there is now a (42) . The seconds that electrical appliance companies are just trying to make (43) out of people's laziness.(44) all of these electrical appliances around for us to use now, I (45) how I would have lived fifty years ago. (46) , how would I have cleaned my floor? I guess I could have (47) one of those things called a "broom" , which I (48) see now.I'm not trying to say I don't (49) electrical appliances; I certainly (50) . It is hard for me to imagine (51) I would do without my hair dryer! (52) , I do think a lot of modem appliances are needless and (53) may become even lazier by using them. (54) we'll have a catastrophic (灾难的) electric failure some day and (55) just how much we really have been depending on our electrical appliances!16.A fewer B too many C more D no more17.A sure B happy C interested D surprised18.A thus B but C when D although19.A arguments B suggestions C choices D ideas20.A slow B clever C eager D lazy21.A any time B anywhere C anyhow D any more22.A machine B new way C helping hand D chance23.A progress B use C money D trouble24.A For B By C With D Among25.A ask B wonder C understand D remember26.A For example B In fact C By the way D In other words27.A made B sold C borrowed D used28.A often B seldom C recently D certainly29.A change B depend on C share D worry about30.A know B am C agree D do31.A why B how C what D which32.A However B Besides C Meanwhile D There33.A that B others C it D people34.A Maybe B Hopefully C Hardly D Exactly35.A go over B forget about C talk about D find out第三部分阅读理解AChristine was recently digging through old boxes in her storeroom preparing to move to a new house. In one box, she came across a magazine ofJune 2, 1986.There's a reason Christine had saved the magazine for 20 years. In its pages, she was one of more than a dozen women reported in an article discussing the "cruel reality" of their poor marriage prospects (前景). At the time Christine was living in Chicago and greatly annoyed by the fact that her social life didn't seem to be progressing toward a trip down the aisle. "I had a lot of girlfriends in the same boat," she says.But a funny thing happened. At age 40, she married; a few weeks ago she and her husband celebrated their 10th anniversary (周年纪念). Today she' s the happy mom to two children from her husband's first marriage. Looking back on her single days, she remembers her unhappiness. "I had the same feeling that many women have, which is that you're not considered a whole person unless you're married with children," she says. "But as I reached my 40s, I realized that was totally wrong ... I could still have a very fulfilling life. " It was only after she' d come to peace with the fact that she might never marry that she met her future husband while shopping in a supermarket.To mark the 20th anniversary of this story, reporters sought out as many of the women in the story as they could find. Out of 14 single women in the article, 11 were found. Among them, 吨ht ended up marrying, and three remain single. Several had children. None divorced(离婚) . For her part, Christine isn't surprised. "I've watched a lot of people, married while young, get divorced," she says. "I think that if you do wait until Mr. Right comes along, youhave a much better chance. "36.How old was Christine 20 years ago?A20B30C40D5037.We learn from the text that twenty years ago, ChristineA started her hobby by collecting magazinesB had a lot of girlfriends visiting herC was worried about her marriageD was in an unhappy marriage38.Why had Christine saved the magazine for so many years?A An article about her was printed in iB It described her social life in ChicagC An article written by her was published in iD It helped women like her to find their MRigh39.The underlined phrase "a trip down the aisle" (line 5, Para. 2) probably means___.A getting marriedB becoming famousC travelling by planeD going on a honeymoon40.What was Christine's idea about marriage and life when she was going on 40?A One cannot be a whole person without marriage and childreB One can live a happy life whether married or unmarrieC She might meet her future husband in a supermarkeD She will never think of divorce once marrieBArt Without LimitArt should not be limited to a museum. "Art and creative elements (创造性元素) can be mixed into daily life," said Professor Cheng of the Fine Arts Department.Public art can be seen as a realization of Professor Cheng's words above. It is simply artwork presented in the public space, where one could walk by any day. Connie Yu, a businesswoman, likes the idea of public art. "I like the idea of bringing art to people, rather than people to art. " However, the idea of public art is not very well developed in Hong Kong. A walk through the central area only presents one with a limited number of public art pieces. Most of them seem to be more for the purpose of decoration (装饰) than presenting art to the public. Also, people do not pay much attention to them.Alex Chan, a 34-year-old Hong Kong artist, said, "Public art is a great way to express yourself as an artist, to give something to people who don't normally go to the museums, and to give them a break from their daily life. It is just ashame that it’s not so common in Hong Kong. "41.What is "public art" according to the text?A Fine art pieces in museumB Art exhibitions for the artist.C Artwork by ordinary peoplD Art pieces in public place42.Which of the-following best explains Connie Yu's words?A Art piece should be sold at low priceB Art pieces should be brought to peoplC People should be persuaded to come to the museumD More artwork about ordinary people should be produce43.According to the author, public art in Hong KongA is warmly received by artistsB has attracted the museum-goersC has much room for improvementD is strongly supported by the governmentCIf you could give anything in the world to your child, you might want to give a love of words. Young children who can express their feelings don't have as many temper tantrums (发脾气). They also learn to control themselves using words. A two -year -old child reaches toward the oven (烤箱) door, then stops, tells herself, "Hot, hot," and turns away. Researchers call this " self -directedspeech". It' s one of the ways children learn to do what' s right and not to do what's wrong.With each new word, a child gains a broader view of the world. Early on, all four -legged animals are dogs or maybe cats. But new words change them into horses, cows, elephants, and zebras. Children who have a wealth of words have a wealth of ideas.By age four, the number of words a child understands tells us how easily that a child will learn to read in school. It even tells us how well she'll be able to understand what she reads, and to express her ideas in writing later on.So, how do you give your child this wonderful gift? First of all, talk a lot. Talk when you're feeding or preparing a bottle; talk when you're doing the dishes or walking down the street. Second, do a lot of listening. Even before your child can speak clearly, ask questions and listen for answers. Assume(设想) that your child has ideas, and try to figure out what they are. Researchers have found a direct connection between the number of words a child knows and the number of words he hears, and especially the number of questions he is invited to answer.Third, read aloud every day. There are many reasons for reading aloud, but maybe the best is that books contain words; lots of new, different, interestil1g words. Here's an exciting thing that happens when you read aloud every day: You begin to hear "book words" in your child's speech. You're walking down the street, and you see a pretty flower. "Look," you say, "a prettyflower. " "Actually," your child corrects, "it's beautiful." Actually? Beautiful? That's when you know you've truly given your child a love of words.44.A two-year-old child uses the word" Hot, hot" (line 4-5, Para.I)A to prevent herself from being hurtB to learn a new wordC to warn her parents of the dangerD to show her large collection of words45.In the author's opinion, who should do a lot of listening?A The book writersB The researchersC The parentsD The child46.What is the main subject discussed in the text?A Value of reading aloud ωchildrenB Power of words in children's growthC Mind development of young childrenD Ways to develop a love of reading in children47.When the child uses "beautiful" to respond to the mother, it shows thatA the child loves certain words better than othersB the word "beautiful" is used more by childrenC reading has improved the child's languageD the child has the ability to correct parents 来源:考试大-公共英语考试DThey first arrived on British ships almost 200 years ago, with the aim of cutting back a rapid growth of rat (鼠) population. Then the cats themselves became the problem. After dealing with the rats", they turned to birds-and now hundreds of them have been killed in a move to protect rare (稀有) birds. Even cat lovers have been persuaded to back the move, after being told that there was no other choice.When British sailors took control of Ascension Island in 1815, they found nobody living on it but that it was overrun with rats which had escaped from sinking ships. They introduced cats to kill the rats-and were soon overrun by cats. By 1820 they were sending back to England for dogs to kill the cats, but that didn' t work. Ever since the wild cat population has been attacking the birds.Man introduced these cats, and it has disturbed the balance. Ascension Island is a most important seabird gathering place. We have to undo man' s mistake in bringing cats here. Action has been taken to kill off wild cats for the protection of birds. Only cats raised as pets are allowed. Since they are micro-chipped (加电子芯片的), if they get caught they can be sent back to their owner. The action can be considered rather successful. The cat population is down to the last few-they're the most difficult ones to catch.48.The best title for the text would be _______.A Killing Cats to Save RatsB Problems with Shipping CatsC Fighting between Cats and RatsD Keeping the Rat Population Down49.Which of the following fust came to the island?A The catsB The ratsC The sailorsD The birds50.People on the island have been taking action to ________.A forbid having cats as petsB stop the killing of birdsC catch and kill all the catsD send all cats back to England51.What does the author mean by saying, "We have to undo man' s mistake in bringing cats here" (Paragraph 3 ) ?A Friendly animals such as dogs should have been introduceB Men should remove the bad effect caused by catC Man should have a better understanding of catD Cats are not as valuable as other rare animalEThe Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia were completedin 1998. Each tower is 452 meters high and has 88 floors. Designed to serve all floors, the four executive lifts(公务电梯) in each tower transport passengers from the underground car park to the top floor in 90 seconds. The towers are joined 170 meters up by a two-level bridge on the 41st and 42nd floors.The Sears Tower in Chicago in the United States was the tallest building in the world for more than 20 years. Completed in 1973, the tower is 442 meters high. It has 110 floors and 14,771 square meters of space. Its non -stop lift goes up to the top floor at a speed of 487 meters per minute.At 421 meters high. Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai is the tallest building in China. Completed in 1999, it has 88 floors and has the world's highest hotel rooms. This building was made to be strong-it can stand typhoon (台风) winds of up to 200 kilometers per hour.Burj Dubai is a modern building presently under construction in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Because of the strong desire to build the world's tallest building, much information about Burj Dubai is kept secret. However, experts expect the tower to have 162 floors and go up to 808 meters high. Its lifts will be the fastest in the world, traveling at 18 meters per second. It is due to be completed in 2008 or 2009.52.What joins the Petronas Twin Towers 170 meters up?A A flat floorB A non-stop liftC A long passageD A two-level bridge53.One can get to the top floor of the Sears Tower by its non-stop lift in _____.A30 secondsB about 1 minuteC nearly 2 minutesD a minute and a half54.In the text, the tallest tower that has been completed in the world is _______.A The Petronas Twin TowersB the Sears TowerC Jin Mao TowerD Burj Dubai55.Which of the following could be the bestc title for the text?A Fastest Lifts in Tall TowersB Tallest Buildings in the WorldC Tourist Attractions in the WorldD High Costs of High Construction第四部分写作第一节短文改错短文改错(76-85略)第二节书面表达56.假定你是李明。