ICAO英语考试总结
民航英语期末总结
民航英语期末总结Introduction:Aviation English is a specialized form of English used in the field of civil aviation. It focuses on the unique terminology, phraseology, and communication skills necessary for effective communication within the aviation industry. This final summary will provide an overview of the key topics covered throughout the course and highlight the most important aspects of Aviation English.1. The Importance of Effective Communication:Effective communication is crucial in the aviation industry to ensure safety and efficiency. Pilots, air traffic controllers, and ground staff must be able to understand and convey information accurately and efficiently. Aviation English emphasizes the importance of clear and concise communication to prevent misunderstandings and potential accidents.2. Aviation Phraseology:One of the fundamental aspects of Aviation English is the use of standardized phraseology. This common language enables clear and unambiguous communication between pilots, air traffic controllers, and other aviation professionals. The course covered various phraseology categories, including general phraseology, departure and arrival phraseology, and emergency phraseology.3. Radio Telephony Communication:Radio telephony is the primary means of communication in aviation. The course provided extensive training in radio telephony communication techniques, including pronunciation, phraseology, and the use of proper radio procedures. These skills are essential for effective communication between pilots and air traffic controllers.4. Aviation Documentation:The aviation industry relies heavily on documentation to ensure proper operational procedures and compliance with regulations. The course highlighted the importance of accurate record-keeping, including flight plans, weather reports, and maintenance documentation. It also emphasized the need for clear and concise writing skills for various aviation documents.5. Aviation Safety:Safety is the primary concern in aviation. The course stressed the importance of safety procedures, protocols, and the ability to understand safety-related information. This included topics such as emergency procedures, aviation regulations, and safety briefings. Aviation English provided the necessary language skills to communicate and understand safety-critical information accurately.6. Aviation English Proficiency:The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established language proficiency requirements for pilots, air traffic controllers, and other aviation personnel. The course focused on developing the necessary language skills to meet these requirements, including pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, comprehension, and fluency. It also provided strategies for continuous improvement and practice.7. Cultural Awareness:The aviation industry is highly international, involving individuals from various cultures and backgrounds. The course stressed the importance of cultural awareness and sensitivity in aviation communication. It covered topics such as cross-cultural communication, different communication styles, and the potential impact of cultural differences on communication.8. Simulation Exercises:Throughout the course, simulation exercises were used to provide practical application of the language skills learned. These exercises allowed students to practice various scenarios that they may encounter in real-life aviation situations. They also helped develop confidence and proficiency in communicating in high-pressure situations.Conclusion:Aviation English is a specialized form of English that plays a critical role in the aviation industry. Effective communication is essential to ensure safety and efficiency in the air. The course covered a range of topics, including phraseology, radio telephony communication, documentation, safety, proficiency requirements, cultural awareness, and simulation exercises. By developing strong language skills and understanding the unique communication needs of the aviation industry, students have been equipped with the necessary tools to excel in their aviation careers.。
ICAO英语考试总结5篇
ICAO英语考试总结5篇第一篇：ICAO英语考试总结1234567准备ICAO英语考试时总结了不少，在此把总结的内容上传分享一下。
手打难免错漏，请见谅，考的是语言能力不需要很专业因为考官本身也不是专业的飞行员只要有一些关于飞行的普做最充足的准备应对考试应该是得心应手的考试的听力比较清晰而且比平时自己训练的听这个是英语学习所以多听多说才是硬道理就应试而言多听录音多听陆空通话就提高语前三部分只有自己练习第四部分可以外力帮助提高更快只是本人一些愚见不足为据啊祝逢考必过我只是一名刚毕业的飞行学员关于专业知识理解不到位之处还请帮忙纠正遍认知就好有一定的专业知识就好力简单语速较慢并且没有BACKGROUND WHISTLE言能力而言多看美剧多模仿多听英文歌多开口说纠正发音语气断句等下面的大多都是针对第四部分OPI（oral proficiency interview）OPI包含5个部分：1 warm up 2 level check 3 probe 4 picture describe 5 wrap up一）vocabulary(最后附有各个系统专业词汇)对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳三个应答机特殊编码：编码自己查不便说。
从小到大分别是hijack , radio failure , distress conditions PAN PAN和MAYDAY的区别：PANPAN：need assistance timelyurgency situation MAYDAY：need assistance immediatelydistress situation 乘务员 flight/cabin attendant驾驶舱职权梯度cockpit authority gradient 机库 hangar接通/断开自驾engage/disengage AP 地形 terrain人因human factors 活物牲畜livestock绕飞 detour 界面交界处 interface修改modify amend 试车engine runup烂泥 slush 减速妨碍 retard积累accumulation 湿度 humidity降雨量 precipitation 气喘asthma腹泻 diarrhea 调度签派 dispatch信号员marshaller 开往驶往 Bound for放油fuel dumpjettison 预期anticipate污染 contaminate 外形 configuration致命的fatal 分院branchflight college炸药 dynamite 手榴弹grenade恢复 revert Human error chain: people makes mistake, and accident happens.one mistake leads to another to another to another which leads to an accident IRS: inertial reference system 惯性基准系统干预 interfere配件附件accessory 气动的pneumatic有形的具体的 concrete 临界的 marginal连续touch and go 起落Traffic circuit补充 replenish 全停full stop物质物品 substance 拉紧绷紧 strain踝关节ankle肘部 elbow 对正跑道align the runwayPOB: people onboard 改装训练 transition training劫机犯hijacker 陆空对话 radiotelephony communication前轮转弯机构 nose wheel steering执行 execute疏散evacuation 机长的四条杠的含义： 1 flying skill 2knowledge 3 profession 4 responsibility 提供饮食及服务cater（主要在地面装载时会用到）RNP----required navigation performance 所需导航性能 RDH----threshold height 跑道入口高度二）几个主要系统组成及功用 1LANDING GEAR SYSTEM很多图是关于重着陆，事故以及事故症候的，事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况，damaged，unable to extend, tires blow-out, smoke from main gear等情况，所以遇到这一类型的图就可以引申出对于LANDING GEAR SYSTEM的问题来考验对系统的认知。
ICAO英语等级考..
有关飞行中大小飞机发生危险接近/冲突，飞行员采取避让措施的调查。
机组在练VOR手工飞行时触发近地警告，在拉升时由于带杆过猛造成飞机结构超载，飞行员将被停飞，在经过模拟机训练和考核后才可以继续飞行。
飞机上发现一名精神异常的乘客(violent passenger)，这名旅客喝醉了(drunk),大声说话(speak loudly)并离开座位(leave seat),影响了其他乘客(botherother passengers),这名醉酒乘客原来坐在靠近应急出口的座位(emergency exit),客舱服务员报告机长后，机长要求安全员(sky marshaller)对其实施监控，并联系管制要求优先着陆，管制员引导飞机飞往另一个机场，因为该飞机比较重，需要放油。在即将着陆时，塔台询问机长是否需要宣布紧急状态，而此时因为该乘客情绪已比较平静，故机长说不用宣布紧急状态。飞机落地后，地面直接引导飞机到机坪下客（direct taxi route to apron for disembarking）。
根据听力录音填写不正常情况，管制员和飞行机组之间处置的程序，原因，结果等。
有关不正常情况下飞行员的报告和管制人员的指令（如，备降、优先着陆等）；飞行员对不正常情况的描述（如，滑行道上的障碍物、客舱中的炸弹等）
De-icing, fuel dumping, cancel SID, instructions for downwind/base, go around, bomb, obstacles, turbulence, severe, descend, speed-brake, structure, damage, priority etc.
（二）非正常的陆空通话（听力内容播放2次）
英语学习：ICAO 广汉问答题答案总结
What is your name?Can you tell us something about your hobby/hobbies/interests?I have a lot of hobbies. Such as sport, traveling, reading, play PC games and so on. My favorite sport is football. In holidays and at weekends I always play football with my friends. Also I like jogging in the morning.Yeah. I like sports. I like playing basketball. I like walking outside for fresh air. In weekends, I like shopping and traveling with my families. Also I like watching TV and reading.Why do you like it?It will make me healthy. / It helps me to relax and reduce my workload.Can you tell me something about your hometown?XXX is my hometown. It locates in the northeast /middle/northern part of China.It has Famous Taihang Mountain /XXX is a famous heavy industry city. /It is famous for many delicious food fresh fruits, such as...北方城市In winter it’s very cold, but the scenery is beautiful when it snows. Also it is a good place for winter sports such as skiing and skatingYes. My hometown is in Changzhou. It is a modern and clean city in Jiangsu province near the Yangtze River. It has beautiful landscape风景of rivers and small bridges. The people there are very friendly.Where do you come from?Can you tell me about where you live (Shanghai)?Now I’m living in Shanghai, the economic center of China经济中心. It’s an international city; it’s big, modern and beautiful. The population is about 20 million. If you have time, I strongly recommend you to visit Shanghai, and I‘d like to be your guide.What about your family?I am lucky that I have a good family. My wife is very nice (virtuous贤惠的) , she is an engineer. She often gives me a lot of support on my life and my work. By the way, l will be a father in this may. My family is full of happiness. I love my family very much.There are 3 people in my family, my wife, my daughter and I. My wife is very kind (virtuous贤惠的) . She works in airchina Airlines. My daughter is a lovely girl.She is a pupil in BEIJING. My family is full of happiness.Why did you choose to be a pilot?To be a pilot is my dream since I was a child, so I worked very hard to realize my dream. I think pilot is a good and challenging job. We can fly in the sky freely. I feel proud of my job.Do you like your job?Yes, I like it very much. I think it is a very good job. It’s challenging and it needs great responsibility.What advantages优势do you think of your job?What are the things you like about your current job?As a pilot, I have a lot of chances of travelling at the stops during flights. I can visit different places to feel different cultures and taste delicious foods. Moreover, the salary/income is not bad.What about the disadvantages?Firstly, this job needs strong responsibility for the whole flight; we are in charge of the safety of passengers, air crews as well as the aircraft, which makes us always be under pressure.Secondly, as you know pilot is a hard job. Especially after long distance flight, I always feel tired, and also need adjust jet leg.Thirdly, pilots have to work in high sky radioactive environment, which is harmful to our health.How long have you been a pilot, a captain?How long have you been working?I have been a pilot for 13 years. I have serviced in air force for ten years, before I work in XXXo. So I am still a copilot now.How long have you been working there?I have been working there for 4 years.You have been a pilot for 13 years. How many hours have you flown?I have flown for about 2000 hours.What’s your routine日常事务(everyday) work?Every day, at first I check whether I will fly or not, then I do some preparation of my flight, and I finish my flight safely and on time.Every day, I begin my work at about 8:00. Then I deal with some materials of unusual events of northern China area. Sometimes I do some investigations, analysis of the unusual events and write out the reports. Besides, I have to attend some meetings. I’m off duty (I finish my work) at 5:00 p.m. everyday. What kinds of cargo do you carry?1What are the things you like about your current job?What airline do you fly for?2What are your main routes?Are some routes more difficult than others?What are the different duties of a pilot of a passenger plane?How do pilots cooperate with ATC controllers in maintaining flight safety?1. What kind of aircraft do you fly?I fly B777 now.2. Do you fly or have you flown any other aircraft?Yes. I have flown Yun-5, Illion-14 and 737 ，747.3. Which aircraft do you like to fly?I like to fly Boeing family because it is controlled by traditional controlwheel and more advanced.4. What’s the difference between B747 and B777?747 has 4 engines ，it has the best security ，but 777has2engines，it most advanced electronic equipment but different in take-off and landing weight.5. You mean the design of the plane is the same? So, which types do youprefer?I prefer B767.Why?I think B767 is more comfortable. It has a larger space in the cockpit. ( Thecockpit is larger)6. Where is your company base?In beijing.7．What are your main routes?Our main routes are domestic routes. There are some international routes.I fly both domestic and international routes. They are all regularly-scheduledpassenger flight.4．Are some routes more difficult than others?Yeah. I think domestic routes are more difficult. International routes are more standard and domestic routes are more casual.5．What are the different duties of a pilot of a passenger plane?The main duty of him is to ensure the safety and comfort of the passengers. Meeting with the situation of emergency, he has to evacuate the passengers to the safe areas.6．How do pilots cooperate with ATC controllers in maintaining flight safety?They should use standard phraseology to communicate with ATC and express表达their intention意图clearly.7．What are the main duties of the captain?First of all, the chief duty of the captain is to ensure the safety of the airplane and passengers.Secondly, the captain has to follow the standard regulations and procedures to control the aircraft.Last (but not least), he has to complete every flight safely and on time.What did the pilots do when they found the problem? How did the ATC help?If you faced an emergency situation in flight, where you felt that the plane was likely to crash, what would you do?What is the most important thing in dealing with the unusual events?Can you describe what you notice in the first picture?What circumstances do you think have led to this situation?How could they have been avoided?1. Have you had any abnormal situations? Describe any unusual events youhave experienced that occurred to an aircraft during a flight.Yes, I remembered that there was an abnormal situation in bad weather.It was in 1982, we flew a scheduled night flight from ChongQing to Chengdu. The type of the aircraft was Illosion-14 which has two engines andhas no weather radar on board. There were 6 crew members on board,including the captain, first officer, navigator, radio operator, mechanic in thecockpit and one flight attendant in the cabin. I was the navigator. It carried 12pasengers on board. The weather condition at that time was poor. Therewere thunderstorm, heavy rain and lighting near the airport. After the take-off, we followed the controller’s clearance to maintain runway heading andclimbed to FL1200 meters. Suddenly, the aircraft encountered a severeturbulence and lighting. The windshield was broken and we were caught inCB. So I asked the captain to turn back immediately. Then we contacted Chongqing tower to request landing instruction. And we reported that therewas one passenger injured and requested medical assistance as soon as possible. Then Chongqing tower cleared us to join left downwind and descendto 500 meters on QFE to land on runway 01. About 15 minutes later, welanded safely. After landing, we vacated runway and taxied to the apron. All the crew members checked the aircraft and found that the left wing was struckby the lightening and there were a lot of ice accumulation on the wing surface.We had to fix the aircraft.2. When you fly in the sky, if you meet with the wind shear, how would younotice the tower?The first reaction反应is to control the aircraft and complete the checklist. Then we must report to the ATC. Besides, the captain will decide whether to hold or divert to the alternate.2．What did the pilots do when they found the problem? How did the ATC help?First, the pilot should control the aircraft and accomplished the checklist.Then he should contact the controller and tell his intention to ATC.Later, he has to further complete ATC’s instruction.3．If you faced an emergency situation in flight, where you felt that the planewas likely to crash,I think the plane was likely to crash during the critical stage of takeoff andlanding.What would you do?First of all, I would quickly calm down and make a correct judgement.Then I would ask the crew members to do their own responsibilities. At the same time, I would keep the aircraft attitude according to standard procedures.4．What is the most important thing in dealing with (处理)the unusual events?I think the most important thing is to keep calm.Then the captain should control the aircraft attitude and ask the crewmembers to do their own responsibilities.At last, they should report to ATC and request ATC instruction and groundhelp.5．Picture TalkingPlease look at the pictures in front of you.(1). Can you describe what you notice in the first picture?Ok, in the first picture, there are two aircrafts collided with each other. I know this accident. The left aircraft was the airplane of Xiamen airline. It was in about 1987, the left aircraft was hijacked and controlled by the hijacker. So it landed rolling off the runway and collided to another aircraft which is holding at the apron in Baiyun airport. After the collision, the aircraft was on fire and separated. So the ground rescue and fire fighting services were carried out. Some people were killed and some were injured.(2)．What circumstances do you think have led to this situation?It was because of the hijack which had interrupted the control of the aircraft.(3)．How could they have been avoided?First and foremost(最为重要的是), in dealing with such kind of situation, ensuring safety is always the No.1 principle(原则).The pilot should not land blindly（盲目）but to maintain safety first. If the hijacker wanted to fly to a place, the pilots can follow his intention and fly to that place.Then he can solve the situation through other ways.Have you taken any English tests in the past?Have you ever been to this town before?Where would you like to travel for a holiday?Do you have any plans to make a visit here?1. When was your first flight?My first flight was in CAFUC in 1978. Our training aircraft was Yun-5. I was nervous when I first fly. But I was very exciting because I came to thesky.2. Did you do any training in CAFUC here?Yes, I had my basic flight training here.3.What do you think of the training facilities herein 1970s?Can you describe this school in 1970s?In 1970s, this school was small and not well-equipped. There were few students and majors(专业). But the teachers there were very good.What about today?Now, there are a lot of advanced equipments, a big library and new aircrafts for training. It has become a comprehensive university.4. What other places have you been trained?Do you have any other training in any other places?Yes. I have been trained in Seattle, Newzealand, Kunming, Zhuhai and Beijing. Pilots must have their one-week simulator training twice a year.Where did you do your simulator training?I did my simulator training in Seattle, Newzealand, Kunming, Zhuhai andBeijing.5. Did you do any simulator training recently?Yes. I had my simulator training recently in Kunmking in Febrary this year.6. When did you start learning English?I started learning English since middle high school. Most of the time, Ilearn English by myself.7. Did you do any exams or courses in English? / Have you taken any Englishtests in the past?Yes, I have passed the exam of radiotelephony communication.8. Do you enjoy English?Yes, I like it very much. I think it is very important for pilots.9. You have been in CAFUC for 3 years, now you have been come back toCAFUC for English training. Do you have some good memories?Yes, I do.First, I think this school is becoming more and more beautiful.Secondly, I met some of my teachers and old classmates. I feel very happy to see them again.10. Would you like to keep learning English?Of course, I will never throw English away.I will keep learning English in the future.11．Have you ever been to this town before?Yes, I graduated from here.I’m familiar with Guanghan.12．Where would you like to travel for a holiday?I would like to go to some seaside cities, such as Qingdao, Dalian and Sanya. 13．Do you have any plans to make a visit here?Not yet. I have no time now.Thank you. That is the end of the interview.1、Are your colleagues easy to work with?在工作中你与同事易于相处吗？你与你的同事在工作中易于相处吗？工作中你的同事易于相处吗？If you ask me:” Are your colleagues easy to work with? ”, my answer is: ”Affirmative”,Because of we go along with each other quite well, such as we support each other in our work and have discussions whenever necessary, draw lessons from each other, share come through experiences. we are pillars for each other, When I going along with my colleagues, In my mind, co-operations are vital.如果你问我：“在工作中你的同事易于相处吗？”，我的回答是：“肯定的”因为我们在一起相处得相当融洽，如：我们在工作中互相支持并在任何必要的时候进行讨论，互相吸取教训、分享成功经验；我们互相支撑，在我看来（依我之见）当与同事共处时，合作是至关重要的。
ICAO英语考试资料—看图说话真题总结
ICAO英语考试资料—看图说话真题总结
（截止2015年7月）
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Section1
飞机起飞后起落架收不上
Section2
南航和东航的两架飞机撞在一起（collision），尾翼（tail）和机翼(wing)相撞Section3
停了一架飞机，吹雪机（snow blower）在给它吹雪
Section4
飞机冲出跑道
Section5
飞机停在滑行道上，尾翼(tail/empennage)断了一截
Section6
雪地，有一架飞机停在那里，还有三辆车，很多人
Section7
机腹着地belly landing, execute evacuation Section8
飞机停在那里机翼上有很多鸟。
ICAO英语复习：单词和词汇
Engine surge 发动机踹震bird ingestion 吸鸟Discharging 正在灭火fire service assistance消防救护Over heat 超温warning light flashing on告警灯闪烁Priority landing 优先着陆engine on fire 发动机火警Engine partially disintergrated 部分爆炸nacelle(cowl)整流罩Pool 吊舱air inlet进气道Fan 风扇fan blades 风扇叶片Port 左start-board右Extinguish 无法扑灭feathered 顺桨Severe vibration 强烈抖动trouble-shooting正在排故Fuel leak 漏油serious fuel leak 严重漏油Coaches(shutter bus) 摆渡车lp and hp compressor 低压高压压缩机Compressor blades 压缩机叶片nozzles 喷嘴1Exhaust section 排气部分engine setting 发动机配置The RPM 发动机转数set the engine to idle慢车Throttle up/down 加减油门keep me advised 有新情况告诉我Hobbies 爱好hijack 劫机Wake vortex turbulence 尾流decleare 宣称Encounter 遭遇quality 品质Flight training 训练initial training 初始训练Primary trainer 初教机high performance training(advanced trainer)高教机Recurrent training 复训simulator training 模拟机训练Weather radar 气象雷达hydraulics 液压Formation (cumulus) 形成development （mature）发展成熟Dispersing （dissipating）消散fuselage 机身Wing 大翼tail 机尾2Wheels 轮子engines 发动机Nose 机鼻door 舱门Ailerons 副翼flaps 襟翼Rudder 方向舵elevator 升降舵Gear 起落架hangar 机库Nose-in parked airplanes 机头朝机库have good cooperation 好的沟通Ground crew 机务abnormal happenings 不正常情况Issued 发布save parking space 节省空间Local procedure 当地程序facilitate 优化Local training 本场训练interphone 内话机Slot time 预定的起飞时间catering 配餐车Meals 素食on-time departure 准时起飞Nav light 航行灯not airworthy 不放行3Company airport representative 驻场代办very heavy today 非常繁忙Passenger baggage identification 查找旅客行李livestock in the hold 活物在货仓Overshoot (law-pass) 复飞under shoot 低于下滑道Undercarriage 起落架control system inoperative 操纵系统故障The full flaps position 全襟翼system jammed 系统卡组Retract the flaps 收襟翼crank 曲柄Brakes are unreliable 刹车不可靠thrust reverse 反喷Boosted control 阻力系统manual controls 人工操纵系统Lever 杆handles 操纵手柄Knobs 按钮switch 开关The rudder stand 操纵台stick 侧杆The rudder bar 方向舵连杆spoilers 扰流板A flapless landing 无襟翼落地flaps angle 襟翼迎角4Airbrakes 减速板pitch trim 俯仰配平Slats 缝翼yaw damper 偏航阻尼Seal 密封圈dropping fast 下降很快Rising fast 上升很快belly landing 机身着陆Foam landing 泡沫着陆anonymous call 匿名电话Emergency evacuation 紧急撤离escape chute (emergency slides) 逃生滑梯The bomb disposal squad 拆弹人员landing gear system 起落架系统Tail wheel aircraft 后三点飞机nose wheel aircraft 前三点飞机Nose wheel steering 前轮转向机构fixed-wing aircraft 定翼机Shock-absorbing equipment 减震装置warning device 警告装置Auxiliary landing gear 副起落架nosing over 拿大顶Ground looping 打地转air/oil shock strut 油气减震支柱Ground lock 舵面锁safety switch 安全电门Safety circuit 安全电路torque links 扭力臂5Adjusting link 调节杆detailed 具体的Complex 复杂vary from 变化Good exercise 好练习the skill of the pilot 驾驶术Primary responsibility 主要责任runway incursion 跑到入侵At all cost 不惜一切代价preflight preparation 飞行前准备Walk-around check 绕机检查to meet mini man meteorology criteria 最低天气标准The dispatch release 签派放行单 a requlary scheduid flight 定期航班Newly-quwflied crew menkers 新放机长pull in to the left 尽量往左靠Overtake 超越pick up 收到Inner 内滑outer 外滑Vehicle 车辆clearance limit 放行限制Snow removal 除雪、除冰process 过程Fog dispersing 除雾bird dispersing van 驱鸟车6Parallel runway 平行跑道air conditioning pack 空调组件Smoke in the cabin 客舱冒烟damage to the plane 飞机损坏Injures to the passenger 旅客受伤operations specification 运行规定To initiate evacuation 起始运行fuel tanker 油车Passenger stairs/steps 客梯车ice-melter 除冰车Catering truck 餐车fire truck 消防车GPU 地面电源车snow blouer 吹雪车Security van 押运车go to far (missing beyond ) 滑过Turn comes to land 着陆顺序get on 上飞机Get off 下飞机takeoff distance 起飞距离Debris ingestion 吸入碎片normal weight landing 正常重量着陆Stall turns 失速转弯aerobatic performance 特技飞行Basic flight principle 基本飞行原理civil transportation aircraft 民航运输机7Omit /resume position report 省略/回复报告compulsory point 强制报告点Deck 驾驶舱rear cabin 后客舱Toilet 卫生间in the real galley 后厨房Burned 烧伤cargo compartment 货舱Pregnant 孕妇patient 病人Heart attack 心脏病paralyzed passenger 瘫痪病人Faint 昏厥pure oxygen 纯氧First aid 急救oxygen mask 氧气面罩Stretcher 担架medical assistance 医疗救护By chance 顺便问一下rotation point 抬轮点Diagram 简图disabled 失能Life boat/raft 救生筏flow control 流量控制We will sort it out 处理完联系你start up at you own discretion 自行决定开车8。
ICAO英语四级资料：ICAO部分真题整理
▪ Control, ACA ×× intercept emergency call from LDH ××. He has a fuel emergency, and the position of LDH ××.
▪ Who declares a fuel emergency?
▪ Control : there has traffic in your 11 clock ,from left to right.
▪ Pilots: due to anti-ice inoperative, request descend .
▪ ATC: Flight level××-×× has moderate turbulence ,caution please.
▪ Why did the crew request descend. ▪ Due to moderate turbulence ▪ Due to anti-ice malfunction
▪ 这部分有画外音，而且有时需要复诵的内容 很短，需要仔细听。
▪ 第四部分OPI
▪ 开始是一些简单问题，如谈谈你的家庭，以及你的工作，你 服务机型等等
▪ 图片是关于尾流（wake turbulence ）图中有两部分上面一 部分是一架飞机飞行示意图标有高度距离和rotation point,下 面是截取的一架飞机翼尖漩涡（vortex）。
第四部分opi开始是一些简单问题如谈谈你的家庭以及你的工作你服务机型等等图片是关于尾流waketurbulence图中有两部分上面一部分是一架飞机飞行示意图标有高度距离和rotationpoint下面是截取的一架飞机翼尖漩涡vortex
6月9日ICAO部分真题整理
▪ 第一部分听力选择题
民航英语ICAO复习
民航英语ICAO复习If emergency evacuation is necessary, how will you execute it?If I have to carry out the emergency evacuation, before landing, I will inform ATC that we are going to carry out the emergency evacuation and request the emergency services on arrival. And I will tell the cabin crew to ask them to be ready for emergency evacuation after landing. And I will make a passenger announcement, just like “ladies and gentlemen, this is ca ptain speaking. Don’t worry! We are experienced crew, and we can control this situation. We can ensure your safety. After landing follow the flight attendants’instruction to evacuate the aircraft as soon as possible ,thank you for your cooperation”!After landing, I will try my best to stop the aircraft on the runway. Then I will tell the purser to evacuate from left or right. After the procedure is completed in the cockpit, I will ask my first officer to go to help the cabin crew to evacuate the passengers. At last, as a captain, I should ensure I am the last one to leave the aircraft.Do you think simulator training is important/necessary/useful? Why?I think simulator training is very important. It can help us to be familiar with abnormal or emergency situations and the related procedures. We can practice standard call out, communication with ATC and cooperation with other flight crew. We can practice the way to carry out the ECAM action, and we can improve our flying skills. Practice makes perfect. When we actually encounter the abnormal situation in flight, we can deal with it quickly and correctly.Say something about RVSM.RVSM stands for reduced vertical separation minimum, it means the vertical separation between FL 290 to FL410 is reduced from 2000 feet to 1000feet. It can increase flight level and increase the capacity of airspace. It can reduce operation delay, and improve efficiency of airline operation. It can reduce the controller’s workload. It is easy for the controllers to adjust the traffic. B ut it increase the pilot’s workload, because the pilots need to watch out carefully to prevent conflict.Say something about CRM.CRM stands for Crew resource management .CRM in the cockpit is to maximize the usage of equipments and cockpit crew. good task sharing and effective communications between crew members are really important for a captain , as for a first officer, to provide information and contributing ideas to help the captain to make a decision is also very helpful.CRM is very important for flight safety, Good CRM can reduce the workload and prevent human errors.Manage a big aircraft with many advanced equipments is now more difficult without proper task sharing .And many mistakes can be identified and prevented by effective communication using CRM. Keeping good CRM can help pilots in reducing mistake and it is very efficient in ensuring flight safety as welll still remember the accident happened in 1993. A BAe146 flew from Yinchuang to Beijin. After startup, the pilot forgot to set the takeoff flaps. Before takeoff, they didn’t carry out the preflight checklist according to the SOP. During takeoff roll, the takeoff configuration warning didn’t sound because it was failed. Then the ac rushed out of the runway. That’s a disaster. We can see several small errors can cause a disaster. If they kept good CRM, they would avoid this disaster.Do you think preflight preparation is important?I think preflight preparation is very important to insure the flight safety. During the preflight preparation, I should get all kinds of information. Such as, weather information, navigation information and aircraft conditions. All of them are very useful to help us to make a safe flight. For example, the weather information. Before flight , I must check the weather on route, and the weather at the destination. If I find there is bad weather on route, I will add more fuel and request to go round the bad weather. Otherwise we will encounter severe turbulence, lightning strike and heavy rain. They are very dangerous for flight. If the weather at the destination below the minimum,, I will delay my flight.What’s the quality and duty of being a pilot?I think being a pilot, the most important thing is to ensure the flight safety. In order to get this target, he must have the following qualities: first, he must have strong sense of responsibility. he should carry the passengers from city to city safely. At the same time, he should provide comfortable services with other crew members to the passengers. Secondly, he must have excellent flying skills. If something abnormal happens, he can deal with it quickly and correctly. thirdly, he should have a good understanding of CRM. CRM is very important for flight safety .Good CRM can reduce workload and prevent human errors. Finally because this job is very stressful, he must have a healthy body.Do you think English is very important?I think English is very important for pilots to ensure flight safety, because ECAM messages are displayed in English, and the operation manuals and checklists are all written in English. In theinternational flight, we have to communicate with foreign controllers in English to get information to ensure flight safety. I think English is also very useful. It is a tool which can help us to communicate with people from other countries. It can enlarge my scope of view, so I can get more information from the world. Everytime I must use the English in my flight. Because I must make the passenger announcement. For example if I must carry out the emergency evacuation ,I must make a passenger announcement. Just like :” ladies and gentlemen, this is captain speaking. Don’t worry! We are experienced crew, and we can control this situation. We can ensure your safety. After landing follow the flight attendants’instruction to evacuate the ac as soon as possible ,thank you for you cooperation”How should pilots cooperate with ATC to ensure the flight safety?I think firstly the pilots should follow the ATC clearance or instructions strictly.Because you know, many incidents or unsafe events result from misunderstandingof ATC’s instructions. secondly, if you encounter some emergency situation, suchas medical emergency, or system failure, you need to report to ATC controller immediately and try to get as much assistance as possible. So good communicationbetween ATC and pilot can play an important role in maintaining flight safety.Do you think RVSM can solve all problems of traffic congestion?No , I don’t think so.First, I think it only releases the en-route congestion.Second, we have a lot of delays that are caused by the flow control and militaryactivities/operations. The RVSM cannot solve them.Third, some problems of traffic congestion are caused by the weather. For example,If we encounter the heavy thunderstorm or dense fog, we have to wait.What we can do is to co-operate/co-ordinate with the ATC.What is the purpose of RVSM ?The purpose is to increase the air flow. It can reduce the traffic congestion.To increase the capacity (ability) of the same routes to cope with increasingtraffic .c) How to improve CRM?First the captain must improve the communication between other crew members.Effective communication is very important for the pilot to ensure the flight safty.Second the power gradient between captain and first officer should be appropriate .if the power gradient is very high. The first officer will be afraid of the captain.And he can not help the captain to make a decision when they encounter an emergency situation.Third the cockpit crew should focus on what is right (not who is right ) whensolving a problem6. Can you tell me about your hobbies or interests?I am very busy ,so I have no spare time.。
南航icao英语考点
南航icao英语考点
飞行员ICAO考试分四个板块，分别是听力理解、短文答问、陆空通话和口语面试。
第一部分：听力理解。
你会听到若干组长达10秒或20秒的对话或陈述，在每组对话或陈述后，会相应地提出一个问题。
对话与问题都仅说一次。
在问题之后会有一个停顿（17秒左右），你必须阅读ABCD四个选项并点击选出最为正确的一个。
第二部分：短文答问。
这部分你会听到一段长达120秒的陆空通话。
在通话最后，你会被冲问到3个问题。
每个问题提出后，你会听到”beep”声，之后你必须通过麦克风进行口头答问。
你的声音会被录制下来。
对话听两遍，问题仅听一遍。
第三部分：陆空通话。
这部分，你扮演飞行员，与空管进行一次陆空通话。
你的飞机呼号等信息会显示在屏幕上。
对话开始后，你应仔细听话外音或空管的指令。
一共有15至20句对话。
你必须在每个对话后根据提示做出相关的回答。
每句陆空通话仅念一遍。
第四部分：口语面试。
这部分你会通过电脑和一位OPI考官进行面试对话。
你的屏障上会有一张图片。
考官会就图片问你一些问题。
ICAO4考试总结
还有一些新出现的内容，比如涉及runway incursion（跑道入侵）、tail-strike（擦尾）、adverse weather（复杂天气），问及原因、如何避免等。
涉及燃油方面的：legal requirement for fuel quantity, how to refuel the aircraft, what does "minimum fuel" refer to ?accidents concerning fuel emergency.还有关于飞向不熟悉机场（nufamiliar airport)需要注意什么，如果miss the first rapid exit（错过第一个脱离道口）如何处理等。
另外就是关于飞机操纵失去的问题，好像有什么out of control的，我记不清了呵呵。
一、1．If there’s a fight between two passengers on your aircraft, what will you do?Drunk passenger; (If he sits there quietly I `ll do nothing) If he makes trouble, I will ask the sky marshal to control him, or call security staff if necessary.2．If the passenger refused to check-in his over-sized luggage, how do you deal with it?3．If you made a hard landing, how will you explain to your boss?First, I hope this situation will not happen to me. If I made a hard landing, I think I will tell him the truth. It is impossible to hide this because QAR will show the truthof event. On the other hand, as a pilot I should be honest and it is important for flight safety. After the situation , I believe we can learn a lot from this incident. I have make sure I will never make the same mistake again.二、1. Have you ever encountered lighting strike?I believe I can handle the problem properly.2. Why is lighting strike dangerous to safety? If you encounter the lighting strike, what will you do?If I encounter lightning strike, first, I will keep clam. I will leave the lightning area as soon as possible(ASAP); then I need to check the systems and equipments, if there is something abnormal I should divert to the nearest suitable airport. Otherwise, I will continue to fly to the destination.3. How to avoid the lighting strike?First, we should make good use of the onboard weather radar. Second, we should keep a safe distance from the lightning area. Selecting a suitable altitude is also important to avoid lightning strike. I’ll refer to other a/c’s report to avoid it. I think if we make good preparation, we can avoid lightning strike.4. What may cause the pilot to abort the takeoff?During taxiing, if speed is before 100knot and there is a system failure, burst tire, unusual/abnormal noise, takeoff configuration warning, we should reject T/O.If speed is above 100kt but lower than V1 and there is engine failure, windshear warning, fire or fire warning or we think the airplane is unsafe, we should reject T/O.5. How to make rejected takeoff?6. What are the possible consequences if the pilot rejected the takeoff after V1? According to CAAC rules and regulations, pilots should not reject takeoff after V1. If the pilots disobey rules and abort takeoff after V1 ,the a/c may rush out of R/W and it will cause the a/c damage and PAX injuries even accidents.7. Have you ever encountered the air-conditioning system failure in flight?Yes.I have. It happened many years ago and was very unforgettable. Just two months after I became a captain of B737，I flew from TYN to SHA. During cruising at 9600m, I encountered air condition system failure, one pack failed. First I checked the air condition system and found the cabin altitude was rising slowly. Second, I kept calm and followed the SOP, carried out the checklist and informed the ATC ofthis situation and request decent until the cabin altitude was under our control. Then we operated the rest of flight normally. Finally I made a safe landing at SHA.8. What will you do if the air-conditioning system failed in flight?I will check the air condition system if I find the cabin altitude is rising slowly. I will keep calm and follow the SOP, carry out the checklist, inform the ATC of this situation and request decent to lower until the cabin altitude is under control. Then I will continue flying and try to making a safe landing.9. Will you return to land or continue to fly if the air-conditioning system failed in flight?It depends. If the distance is very far from the destination and fuel is not enough, we’ll return for landing. Otherwise, we’ll continue flying to the destination airport.Probe:1.Do you like the in -flight catering?2.Do you have the same food with captain or first officer? Why?According to CAAC rules and regulations, captain and first officer must not eat the same food. If there is something wrong with food, at least one pilot is able to control the aircraft. We have to strictly follow this regulation.3.If your first office is incapacitated what should you do?I will ask air marshal to take my first officer out of cockpit. Then I will ask the purser to make an announcement to find a doctor to help the first officer and a pilot from PAX to help me control the a/c.三、1. How often do you have the recurrent training?2. Which subject is the most difficult for you during the recurrent training?3. What are the differences between the Boeing aircraft and the Airbus aircraft?4. If you have the choice to fly A320 and B747, which one will you choose?5. Do you prefer domestic routes or international routes? Why?I prefer international routes because I can travel around the world, enjoy delicious food, experience different culture and make new friends. And the International routeshave fewer delays and flow controls. After my work for the international routes I can have a longer rest than the domestic routes. Besides, I can also practice my English during flight and in other countries.6. Do you prefer long haul routes or short routes? Why?7. If ATC informs you that they received an anonymous call saying there is a bomb on your aircraft, what will you do?Bomb on board is very dangerous for flight safety. First I will keep calm, and try to find the bomb. Then I will contact ATC, inform them the shape and position of the bomb, request bomb squad to help us deal with it. We need to arrange passengers away from the bomb or disembark passengers if necessary.If the situation happens on the ground…If the situation happens during flight…,If we are on the ground, we will disembark passengers and request bomb squad to deal with it.If we are in the air, we will select a suitable speed and request to land as soon as possible to the nearest airport. We also need to request emergency services and bomb squad upon landing. The captain should make the passenger announcement and try tomake a good landing and carry out emergency evacuation.四、Yes, I do. Simulator training is very important. We practice most of all emergency situations in the simulator, such as engine failure, engine fire, emergency descent, emergency evacuation, wind shear and so on. If we encounter abnormal situations, we have QRH and SOP on board, we must strictly follow these procedures and the regulations of CAAC. It is very necessary/important for flight safety.2. Where do you have simulator training? In China or other countries?I have simulator training in Pudong flight training centre, Shanghai, China.3. Do you think English is important for safety?Twice per year.5. What emergency equipments do you have on your aircraft?There are many emergency equipment on our aircraft. We have PBE, oxygen masksemergency slides, flashlight, axe, escape rope, life raft, extinguisher and goggle. I think all the crew members should know how to use them to ensure the safety of all the passengers and crew members.6. If your passenger is injured during the turbulence, what will you do?7. Do you think this test is difficult for you?Yes, I do. My English is not good very good. I think the first and second parts are difficult for me. But I have prepared for several months and I tried my best today. I hope I can pass this test.8. Have you ever heard of the accident of ground collision?Yes, I have. 2 years ago, at Beijing airport, a refueller collided with/hit an aircraft. The visibility was poor that day, the driver could not see the yellow line on the ground, so he collided the aircraft.9. According to your opinion, why did the ground collision happen?They don’t follow CAAC rules and regulations strictly and they don’t follow the SOP strictly. The runway or taxiway was contaminated, the braking action might be poor. Aircraft and ground vehicles’ braking system may fail.There are many reasons for ground collision. First, the driver may be responsible forthe collision. Because he may run into a wrong taxiway. Second, the pilots are also responsible for this accident, they should watch out carefully when they taxi. The ATC should also pay special attention to the condition on the taxiways and runways.What damage may the aircraft have during the ground collision?Ground collision may cause many damages, such as fuselage damage, structure damage, engine damage and so on.10. How to reduce the ground collision?In my opinion, all parts are responsible for ground collision. Pilots and ground drivers should strictly follow SOP and ATC taxiing instruction. They must taxi carefully during bad weather condition. The ATC must inspect aircraft and trucks carefully before operation.11. In what circumstances do you declare medical emergency?I declare medical emergency when we have injured or sick passengers and crew members on board. And they need immediate treatment.12. If a passenger had a heart attack in the flight, what will you do?First I will make a panpan call and request priority landing or diversion if necessary. Then I will make a passenger announcement to find a doctor onboard to treat him. I will also request medical assistance on arrival.13. Why is liquid not allowed to be carried into the cabin?According to the rules and regulation of CAAC, the passenger can not take the liquid in to the cabin. If the liquid is flammable and explosive, it will be very dangerous for flight safety.14. Do you think the security check has been improved in last decade?15. Do you have any suggestions to improve the security check in China?五、1. What type of aircraft have you ever flown? What aircraft are you flying now?2. What systems does your aircraft have?I fly A320/B737. There are many systems in our aircraft. It has flight control, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fuel, pressurization, air-conditioning systems. They are very important to ensure flight safety.3. Why do we use pressurization system on the aircraft? Could you explain the reason?4. What factors may cause in flight depressurization?There are many reasons for depressurization, such as structural damage, cabin door unlocked, lightning/bird/foreign object strike, wrong operation, depressurization sys malfunction. If we encounter depressurization, …5. In your opinion, which situation is more dangerous in flight? Slow depressurization or the rapid depressurization? Why?I think the slow depressurization is dangerous. Because it is not easy to notice and find. If we find this situation, it may be late for us to deal with it. It is very dangerous s for the safety of the passengers.As a pilot, we should be very careful to control the aircraft and monitor the changes of the aircraft.6. In case of rapid depressurization, what’s the standard operation procedure?7. When do you need to use the oxygen mask?There are many situations that we need to use oxygen mask. When we suffer the depressurization, we need to use the oxygen mask; when the crew is incapacitated,we need to use the oxygen mask; when the passenger suffer heart attack, we need to use the oxygen mask. And when we have smoke in the cockpit or cabin, we have use oxygen mask.8. Under what circumstance would the passenger oxygen masks drop down automatically in flight?They will be automatically dropped if the cabin altitude is higher than 14,000ft.9. What kind of control surfaces does a modern aircraft have?There are many control surfaces in my aircraft, such as rudder, flaps, slats, aileron, and elevator.10. Can you tell me a little bit about their location?Yes I can. They are on trailing edge and rear/aft part of the A/C.Would you explain the different functions of these control surfaces?Flaps are used to increase the lift and reduce the speed.Rudder is used to change the direction of the aircraft.Aileron controls the rolling of the aircraft.They are all used to help us to control the aircraft in flight.11. How many slides does your aircraft have? What are their positions?I fly B737/A320. There are four/six slides. They are under each over-wing emergency exit./ they are under each door.Have you ever heard any story about emergency slides deployed on the ground? Cabin crew opened the door without disarming the slide.Yes, I have. Last year, one emergency slide was deployed in Shuangliu airport. This was caused by the wrong operation of the flight attendant.12. In which situation do you need to prepare for the emergency evacuation?There are many situations for emergency evacuation. When fire and smoke can not be control, bomb on board, landing gears can not be extended and locked(collapsed/broken), belly landing, ditching. If the pilots decide to carry out emergency evacuation,…六、1. What is the maximum fuel quantity for your aircraft?I fly B737/A320. Its maximum fuel quantity is 16/18 tons.2. How to determine the fuel endurance?I fly B737, the endurance is automatically calculated by FMC. I can read it directly from MCDU. I also need to consider takeoff weight, flight distance and fuel consumption rate and weather condition.3. What are the reasons for fuel shortage?There are many reasons for fuel shortage. For example, the fuel leakage, long holding during bad weather, fly at lower level with high fuel consumption, and encountering strong head wind.4. When do you declare the fuel emergency?When our endurance is less than 30 minutes before landing, we will declare fuel emergency.5.What might be the consequences if we use contaminated fuel?What will be the result if contaminated fuel is put into the aircraft?It will be very dangerous for the flight safety. Maybe the engines will shut down or the engine will be damaged.6. Have you ever encountered turbulence? If your passenger is injured due to turbulence, what will you do?Yes, I have……7. What other bad weather have you encountered?I am a student pilot, I am so lucky that I haven’t encountered many bad weather conditions. But during simulator training, I have been trained with many situations,such as wind shear, icing, fog, thunderstorm, CBs, low visibility and hurricane (typhoon). If I encounter these situations,…8. Why are bird activities considered hazardous to flight safety?If we fly in the bird activity area, we may encounter bird strike. Bird strike may cause engine failure, structural damage, windows broken. They are very dangerous for flight safety.9. At which flight phases do you usually encounter bird strike?Because birds are always flying at low level, we usually encounter bird strike during takeoff and landing.10.Do you have any suggestions to reduce the bird strike?I suggest the airport authorities introduce more advanced equipments to drive birds in the vicinity of /in and around the airport.11. What are the consequences of bird strike?Bird strike may cause engine failure, structural damage, windows broken. They are very dangerous for flight safety.I am flying xxx, we must fly according to cost index 25 and we need to refuel the aircraft according to the weather en route and weather at the destination. According 10,000ft, we should reduce speed to 250knots.13. Do you think saving fuel is the responsibility of the pilot?No, I think as a pilot, the most important responsibility is to ensure the flight safety.15. Can you name some of the dangerous goods?Yes, I can. Dangerous goods include explosive, flammable, erosive, toxic, radioactive goods, such as alcohol, bomb and so on.We have this kind of training once two years.17. What do you learn in the training?We learn to identify the dangerous cargo that can be carried on board.First, the crew member should have been trained about dangerous goods transportation. Second, after being notified of the dangerous goods, the pilotsshould understand the nature of the goods and confirm the package and position of the goods in the hold. In the air, when something abnormal happens, the pilots should report the situation of the goods to ATC and request to land at the nearest airport as soon as possible.七、1. Can you tell me some of the technical manuals or handbooks in the cockpit?We have FCOM, QRH, SOP, MEL on board.2. Are these manuals convenient to use? Are they written in Chinese or English? Yes, they are. Both in English and Chinese. For example, we have Chinese QRH and English QRH, we have Chinese FCOM and English AFM.3. Do you prefer read the paper manuals or electronic files?I prefer electric files, because electric files are easy to locate. I can find the pages I want to read quickly. Besides, the paper manuals are heavy, they are not easy to carry.4. Do you think the paper manuals will be replaced by the electronic files?No I don’t think so.Sorry I don’t know, my boss will decide it. It’s none of my business.5. What’s the difference between radio English and general English?6. Can you make a brief introduction of your hydraulic system?Yes, I can. The hydraulic system is one of the most important systems in the aircraft. There are 3 hydraulic systems on my aircraft. They are system A, system B, and standby system. System A provides power to nose wheel steering, system B provides power to normal brake. If system A fails, system B will provide power to most systems and it will not affect flight operation. If both system A and B fail, the standby system will provide power to the major systems.7. What‘s the function of hydraulic system?It is used to control the aircraft and help the pilots to reduce the workload.8. What’s the consequence if the one hydraulic fails?If the hydraulic system fails, it will cause many system failures, such as the landing gears, the reverser, the braking system, the control surfaces, the elevator, the rudder, the aileron and the speed brakes. If system A fails, system B will provide power to most systems and it will not affect flight operation9. If the landing gears cannot be extended, what will you do?I will recycle the landing gear, or extend landing gears by gravity. If they are not successful, we will carry out related checklist to deal with it. Contact ATC, request low pass for visual check, prepare for a belly landing if necessary and request ground services.10. What preparations do you need for belly landing?Inform cabin crew to prepare for a belly landing. Request dump fuel or holding to lose fuel. Request foamed runway, fire service and medical assistance after landing. Prepare for emergency evacuation.八、1. Have you ever diverted? What are the reasons for diversion?Yes, I have. Two months ago, I flew from Shijiazhuang to Shanghai. When I entered Shanghai area, ATC informed me Hongqiao airport was closed due to bad weather and low visibility. We decided to divert and ATC informed us Jinan airport was suitable for diversion. We landed at Jinan airport successfully.The reasons may be bad weather, destination airport closed, aircraft damage or malfunction, important military activity, aircraft performance and low endurance.2. What information do you need to know about the alternate airport?We need to know runway condition, weather information, ground facilities, and maintenance.3. What support can you get from ATC for division?4. What will you do if you return for landing due to engine failure?I will contact ATC, make a panpan or mayday call to inform them our situation and request priority landing and ground assistance after landing.5. Why is icing dangerous to flight safety?If we encounter icing, it will be very dangerous for fight safety. Because ice on the fuselage will increase stall speed, cause engine failure and control surfaces jammed. It is very difficult for us to control the aircraft. If the ice is ingested into the engine, it may cause engine failure. So it is very dangerous for fight safety.6. Have you ever encountered icing condition in flight?Yes, I have. Two years ago, I flew from Shanghai to Beijing. When we were flying at FL350, we had an icing indication and found ice on the windshield. We contact ATC and request descent to avoid icing area. When we descent to FL250, we were clear oficing area and the ice on the windshield disappeared. The rest of the flight was normal and we landed at Beijing safely.7. If the ice accumulated on the wings of your aircraft, what will you do?If we are in the air, we will request level change to avoid icing area, turn on anti-ice and de-ice systems. Also, we can adjust our speed if necessary.8. What emergency training do you take with the cabin crew?Several years ago, we had emergency training with cabin crew. We practiced evacuation from the cabin, extinguishing fire and using emergency equipments. But now we don’t have trainings together.9. Why is cabin crew important in emergency situation?10. How should pilots cooperate with cabin crew to ensure the safety?九、1. What can the airport security check do to prevent the terrorist activity?I think they should introduce more advanced equipments to improve the airportsecurity check. Security staff should have more professional training to improve their professional skills. Airport authorities should issue stricter security check procedure.2. Do you think the ground security check has improved in the last decades?Since 911, airport authorities have introduced enough advanced equipments, provided more professional trainings and issued stricter security check procedures to improve the airport security check3. What are your suggestions on how to improve the airport security check?Airport authorities should introduce enough advanced equipments, provide more professional trainings and issue stricter security check procedures to improve the airport security check4. What kind of medical help can the cabin crew provide to the passengers on board?I don’t know. Maybe they will provide oxygen to the passengers. They can look for a doctor on board to treat the sick passengers. Also they can inform the captain to contact ATC and request medical assistance after landing.十、1. What do you like to do if you are not flying?I like to sleep, listen to music, travel, surf the internet, watch action movie to relax myself.3. How long does it take to get to work from your home?4. What’s the weather like today? Is it good for flying?It is fine, rainy, sunny, foggy, CA VOK. Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.5. How should the pilot balance rest with work?When we have to work , we should work hard. When we have a rest, we should havea good rest. When I am not flying, l like doing some sports, such as…6. Are you satisfied with your present job?Yes, I am. I can travel around the world,……7. How many type ratings do you have?I have two type ratings, single engine land rating, and multi-engines land rating.十一、4.Have you heard any accident caused by the misunderstanding between pilots andATC?5.6. What navaids do you use in flight?NDB, DME,VOR,radar.If you get lost in flight, what will you do?All navigation system failure will cause us get lost, but I think it is almost impossible, because we have many advanced navigation equipments on the aircraft and on the ground. But if it happens, I will request radar vectors to my destination.If your on board navigational equipment failed, what will you do?This situation is very dangerous for flight safety. If this happens, I will request radar vector to my destination.7.If the passenger refuses to turn off his mobile phone, what will you do?I will ask cabin crew to persuade him to turn off his mobile phone, otherwise I have to disembark him.8.If your captain is reading novels/newspager in flight, what will you do?9.ILS approach is precision approach, VOR approach is non-precision approach. ILS approach is more accurate , safer and easier to fly.10.Can pilots read newspapers and magazines in the cockpit?11. What navigational equipments will be integrated into cockpit in the future?I think in the future, more and more advanced equipments will be installed onboard, such as more advanced radar, terrain indicator.十二、1.What are the possible causes for the delay?Delays may be caused by flow control, bad weather, military activity, airport closed, aircraft malfunction ground service, and tug not in position.2.What are your suggestions for reducing the delays?I think the air force should give us more airspace. Or we could have more flight levels in the sky. So flow control will be reduced and our delays will be reduced too.3.What will be the result if the contaminated fuel is put into the aircraft?This might cause engine flame out, fuel filter blocked higher fuel consumption and aircraft performance degraded.4.What is the pilot’s role in saving fuel?5.6.Which weather is most dangerous?I think windshear at low level/ microburst is most dangerous weather.7.What are your suggestions for reducing the risk of incidents caused by hazardousweather?Before departure, if I know there is bad weather at the destination, I will delay my takeoff.After takeoff, I will turn on the weather radar onboard. If I find bad weather ahead of us, I will request go round it and request divert to the alternate airport if necessary.If I know there is bad weather en route, I will carry more fuel to in case of circumnavigation and diversion.十三1.2.How do you deal with it?How do you handle this situation?How do you solve the problem?3.1.Good morning, how are you today? How are you going today?3. Could you introduce your working background to me?I started to fly in 1987. I have flown Y5, DHC6, B737. I am an instructor of B737.I have got more than 18,000 flying hours.4. What’s your understanding of CRM?4.How do you know icing condition on the aircraft?We can refer to ice indicator which is installed between two windshields outside the aircraft. Pilots and cabin crew can observe outside to find ice on the fuselage.5.Have you ever used internet to improve your English?6.What’s your plan after today’s test?I will go home, have a good rest, have dinner with my family/have a drink with my friends.7.What kind of novel do you prefer?I prefer history/ suspense /action novel.8.Do you think more delays happen in large airport?Yes, I do. Many reasons may cause delay, such as flow control, ground service, bad weather, military activities and aircraft malfunction. At large airports, there are more flow controls and ground staff are too busy to provide quick service.9. Have you ever heard mid-air collision? What reasons might cause mid-aircollision? Do you have any suggestions to avoid mid-air collision?Yes, I have. Several years ago, two aircraft collided in the air. Both aircraft got TCAS advisory and ATC instruction when they are in conflict with each other.One of them followed ATC instruction to avoid conflict, the other one followed TCAS advisory. Unfortunately, the instruction and advisory were opposite and caused the disaster. Since then, ICAO issued a regulation that TCAS advisory has the priority over ATC instruction.Reasons: ATC’s wrong instruction, TCAS failure, misunderstanding of instruction, pilots’ wrong operation, unknown activity.10. Do you know TCAS? How does it work?TCAS stands for traffic collision avoidance system. According to ICAO regulation, all passenger aircraft should be installed/equipped with TCAS. It can provide pilot traffic information (TA)in the vicinity of the aircraft, such as altitude, distance and movement. It also provides avoidance advisory(RA) to help pilot。
ICAO考试OPI问题整理及答案
1.could you tell me something about ATIS(Automatic terminal information service)1).ATIS(Automatic terminal information service)2). function :common and popular in international airports to reduce the working load of ATC controller, to enhance control frequency utility3). the information included in ATIS are: meteorological information(SURFACE wind, temperature, dew point, RVR，visibility，ONH, ), active RWY,4). 12865 DEPARTURE 1276 arrival, for Beijing international airport5). the code of ATIS shall be updated alphabetically every one hour, the departure and arrival codes should not be using the same letter.2.in case of communication failure, what should you do1)the controller should make sure whether the transmitter or the receiver is troubled.2)Blind transmitting 盲发, in case of the unknown situation.3)Try to send a message to the troubled aircraft via other pilots.4)Clear the present level the aircraft is using, and arrange an emergency avoidance紧急避让5)Set the squawk A76006)When the situation happens on the ground, ask a tow car to tug the aircraft to the safe place3.could you tell me about the holding pattern1)Holding pattern is a pre-published aircraft mavenour used for rush-hour, delays, runway incursion or separation on route, to let the aircraft waiting in the air for further instructions.]2)Parallel entrance/ off-set entrance/direct(straight-in ) entrance3)Hold at VYK at 5100meters,(hold on to 210 radial ofCH VOR between 25MILES and 30 miles east of xxx at 5000FT,Inbound track 360 degrees, Left-hand pattern, outbound time 1 minute4.in case of air-crash, what should you do1）The controller should remain calm and report the accident to the supervisor.2）Provide emergency services including first aid, fire services, ambulances, and so on3）Contact pertinent department, arrange emergency avoidance for other aircrafts.4）To cooperate with the accident research team5.what the air-traffic controller do in the low-visibility condition1) .the reason of the low-visibility is heavy fog2) Mostly happen in the northern part of china, in winter3) As the controller, firstly ask for the pilot’s intention; secondly, ask the pilot to report the position; thirdly notify the pertinent unit sectors. 4〕ask the metrological department to send weather updates to keep informed of the weather condition 5) Arrange the follow-me car service for low-visibility operations6.could you tell us something about the difference between the instrument approach and visual approach1) instrument App is more precise and accurate than visual app, and can provide smaller separation for aircrafts, thus increase the safety and efficiency for operation2) pilot’s responsibility for safety---visaul, controller’s responsibility for safety—instrument3) visual app has a higher standard for weather condition than instrument app4〕目视进近间隔可以小于仪表进近间隔，但是必须要大于尾流间隔，目视进近对机长的要求更高。
ICAO英语四级资料：集锦
Interview examples in PEPEC for ICAO4Stage one---Questions about your personal information1、Where do you come from?I come from Chengdu, it is a big modern city, it is very beautiful and it is the largest city in Southwest China2、Can you tell me something about your hometown?I live in Chengdu since my childhood, it is a beautiful and historical city, and also, it is the cultural, political, and economical center of this area. A famous leisure and entertaining place, every year, it attracts thousands of people all over the world. I love my hometown very much.3、Can you tell me something about your hobbies?Yeah, in my spare time, I’d like to do some sport and basketball is my favorite, I play basketball about 3 times a week, and I also like to watch NBA on TV. Besides, I ‘d like to read some books and magazines which keep me up dated and have broaden my eyes.4、Why do you choose to be a pilot?First of all, I love flying, I feel very proud of this job. As a pilot, I get the chance to travel around the world, visit different places. Finally, I think it’s a very challenging and well paid job.5、Do you like your job as a pilot?Yes, I like it very much. It’s my life long career. I like the feeling of flying. It also requires high quality and great responsibility, and I make many friends in different parts of the world.6、Advantages of your jobAs a pilot, I get a good salary, and make friend all over the world. I would go to different cultures and taste different food; what’s more, I can observe the sky and the stars more clearly during the night fly. It’s fantastic!7、Disadvantages of your jobFirst and for most, I think it involves little risk sometime, and it harms my health, such as the radiation and cockpit air pressure, especially in high altitude and complex airports. On the other hand, I have being busy all the time around, so I can’t spare much time accompany my wife and daughter. I always feel sorry for that.8、How long have you been a pilot, a captain?I have been a pilot for 17 years since 1990, and I have been a captain for 11 yearssince 19969 、Which company do you work for?I work for Air China South West Company10、How long have you been there?I have been there for 17 years11、How many hours have you been flown?I have flown for about 11000 hours12、When is your first flight?My first flight was in CAFUC in 1990.13、Did you do any training CAFUC here?Of course, I graduated from this school,14、What do you think of training facilities here in 1978?I know nothing about the situation in the old days; I graduated from this school in 1990.15、What about today?Now, it has a big library, and lots of advanced equipment for training, It has become a comprehensive university,16、What other places have you been trained?Yes, I have been trained in Seattle America, Paris France, Hanberg Germany, Zhuhai Beijing and Chengdu, The pilots receive scheduled training twice a year.17、Where did you do your training? Any recently?I did my training in Zhuhai Beijing and Paris,Yes, I had my latest simulator training in Paris in June, and I will go to Zhuhai for training the end of this month.18、Did you have any English test in the past?Yes, I got my English Certificate for pilots, and I passed the radiotelephony communication Test.19、Do you enjoy English?Yes, I like it very much, I think it’s very important for us, but I have little time to practice20、You have been here for 3 years, when you come back, Do you have some good memories ?No, I have been here for 4 years,.First, I think this school is becoming more and more beautiful and modern, with more students here.Second, I have met some of my old friend and classmates, I feel very happy to meet them again, but the time is very limited, I hope I could stay here longer.21、Would you like to keep learning English?Of course, I will keep learning it in the future, never throw it away, it’s very useful and important for me.22、Have you been to this town before?Yes, I graduated from here23、Where would you like to travel for a holiday?I would like to go to some seaside cities and place of place of natural beauty, such as Sanya, Jiuzai Valley and Lijiang24、Do you have any plans to make a visit here?Yes, of course, I will call on my teachers in the near future, including you all; anyway, it is not far from Chengdu to Guanghai25、Who influence you most in choosing this job?My parents influence me most; they brought me up, taught me into a true man, and let me know the meaning of responsibility, that’s the most important quality for a pilot.26、Describe a success in your lifeWhen I was 12, I went to Wenjiang middle school, it was the first time for me to leave my family, and I learned some important knowledge there. I graduated from this school then enter CAFUC to learn fly.27、Tell a great achievement in your careerFive years ago, I led a group of young pilots to work hard to improve the fly skill, and was praised by the passengers. So the CAAC gave our group the title of “National Youth Civilization”28、Tell something of great changes in your pilot careerI become more and more responsible in fly career, and I am more careful, because flight safety is the most important for us.29、Your future plansWork hard to improve my flight skills, to provide passengers better service and more comfort; it’s a responsibility for my family, too30、Describe your typical work dayI get up very early in the morning, and do some preflight preparation, check the plan, complete the flight plan, then fly from Chengdu to other cities, like Shanghai and Beijing31、Main responsibilitiesEnsure the flight safety32、What challenge will pilot meet in the next ten years?In the future ten years, the aviation English will be used widely, the air traffic increases rapidly, more and more people prefer a higher service standard, so the pilots are bound to improve flight skills, perfect our own qualities, absorb more latest information.33、Do you think this test is necessary?Yes, I think so, because this test helps me to improve my English level. For a better communication, pilots and controllers should use the standard Aviation English. It is very important for flight safety.34、What is the important factor for a good communication?It requires the both sides use standard aviation English, avoid errors and speak loudly and clearly and respond precisely and concisely35、Do you think this training help you improve your English?Yes, I do, it improves my Basic English skills, such as listening, speaking, and free talking with others36、Do you think this test is difficult?Yes, I think this test is difficult for me. The most difficult part is retelling, which requires a good memory and a good command of this language37、The most difficult part in EnglishI think grammar and memorizing the new words are the most difficult for me38、The fondest memory at homeThat is with my little lovely daughter. She is 3 years old, very clever and she always like to follow me to do things.40、How do you get along with your family?I love my family very much, we love each other, and I accompany them as much as I can in my spare time41、What do you like to do together?We like Watching TV, chatting and cooking delicious food42、Do there any pressure from family?No, no pressure from them at all. They hope me work lightly43、Do you think CRM is important?Yes, I think CRM is very important for us during the flight process, because a better CRM will regulate our operations, decreasing threats and errors44、How do you stay over night away from home?I will have a good rest and prepare the plan for the following day45、How to notify the wind shear?When meeting the wind shear, we must go around immediately and tell the controller about our situation and the strength of the wind shear, request diversion or second approach.46、How did you get along with your colleagues?We are well cooperated, we share our experiences, and we usually go out to have a nice day47、If you are a first officer\captain, how do you get along with your captain? First, we respect each other, build up good communication; I will do everything the captain wants me to do \Order the first officer to obey the standard operation procures, monitoring aircraft state carefully48、Do you good at communicating with each other?I will try my best to communicate with others; we can talk about our common interests, our careers and past days.49、Describe your favorite flight instructorHe was my initial instructor; he was 2 years older than I. He was a very responsible and careful one. He taught me a lot and influenced me to become an excellent pilot.50、Describe your personality and its advantages to your jobI am a careful and serious man, have a strong will, and high sense of responsibility. All of these are important factors for me to be a good pilot51、What factors affect the flight safety?First the quality of the pilot, and the performance of the aircraft, weather conditions, radiotelephony communication, of course, include CRM52、What will you do when you meet the thunderstorm?First, report to the controller; tell him the current situations, and our intention, I will try to avoid it53、What will you do if you have to abort the take off?During take off, if the air speed is lower than 100 knots, move the thrust to the idle power, use the appropriate reverser and brake. If more than 100 knot, I must use maximum reverser and brake, check the speed brake is active, finally, stop the aircraft and notify the passengers. Probably we will active the emergency evacuation 54、What will you do when you have ice on your wings?At that moment, I can switch the anti-ice on. We can request to change our altitude, in attempt to exit the ice condition.55、What technology changes have you seen in aircraft in the last years?As the technology develops, more and more advanced aircrafts are put into use, news systems and soft wares are installed, these in whole provide both the passengers and flight crews a better and much safer environment.Stage two--- Questions about your job12、What kind of aircraft do you fly?I fly A-319 or A-320 sometimes13、Do you fly or have you flown any other aircraft?Yes, I have flown B-737 for 10 years and TB-20, XiaYan-3A14、Which aircraft do you like to fly?I like to fly A-319, because its cockpit is comfortable and spacious15、What is the difference between B757 and B767?B767 is bigger, they are different in take-off and landing weight, but similar in other equipment16、Which aircraft do you prefer to fly? Why?A-320, because it is more comfort, it has larger cockpit, and much safer17、Where is your company base?Chengdu Shuangliu Airport18、What are your main routes?I fly almost all domestic routes and some international routes; they are all regularly scheduled passenger flight19、Are there some routes more difficult then others?Yes, some domestic routes are very difficult, such as Lasa Jiuzai and Bangda which is the highest airport in the world20、What are the different duties of the pilot of a passenger plane?The main duty is to ensure the safety and the comfort of each passenger. When encounter the emergency situations, passengers must be evacuated first21、How do pilots and ATC cooperate in maintaining flight safety?First, pilots should understand the instructions Use the standard terms to communicate with the ATC, make clear response, and express his intention clearly, adhere to the rules and regulations22、What is the duty of a captain?First, ensure the safety of the plane and passengers, figure out the situation. Second, follow the regulations, trying his best to insure the safe take off and landing of the flightStage three---Describe an abnormal situation1、Engine fire:When we have got engine fire in our flight, first,we should silence the master warning sound, captain should have control and communication and then made thrust lever idle ,shuttle down the fire engine ,pull up the extinguish handle , we should do ECAM action and finish the checklist, inform ATC about our emergency situation, request landing at the nearest airport and all of the ground service.2、engine failure:When we have got engine failure in our flight, first we should silence the master warning sound, captain should have control and communication and then made thrust lever idle ,shuttle down the engine ,we should do ECAM action and finish the checklist, inform ATC with our emergency situation, request landing at the nearest airport and all of the ground service.3、cabin smoke/ fire/fume:We must do QRH, according to the QRH, we should do action and put on oxygen mask if it is necessary, descend to low level, report to ATC, request returning or landing at the nearest airport.4、cabin depressurization/emergency decent:Normally, we have 3 set of cabin pressure control systems, they change automatically. If all of them are fault, and there are fuselage leakage or broken, cabin altitude will be increased ,if it is beyond the limit , there will be master warning and sounds in the cockpit. At this moment we should put on oxygen mask and then do emergency descend, select heading and speed, report emergency situation to ATC controller the transponder to 7700, inform the situation to the cabin crew, confirm everybody on board that it will be alright .5、bird strike/bird ingestion/foreign object/lightning strike/hail strike:When we have been struck by bird or lightning, we’ll report to ATC if the situation occurred. We should do thorough check after landing with ground service.6、hijack:First we should ensure the passengers that the airplane is safe, inform ATC ,request landing at the nearest airport and request all of ground assistance, set transponder to 75007、ill passenger /incapacitated crew member:If we had sick passenger on board, cabin crew will help him or look for doctor to help him, inform ATC, request landing at the nearest airport .If he is serious ill, we will request ambulance waiting for him.If the crew member incapacitate, we must inform ATC and do priority landing , request cabin crew to enter the cockpit to help captain/first officer to do some assistance work for landing.9、undercarriage malfunction:We should extend landing gear manually. If we are not sure about the gear position, we should inform ATC to make low pass over the airport for checking .If the landing gear can’t be extended, we will have to make bally landing. Request ATC foaming the r/w and request all of ground assistance.10、severe turbulence:If we encounter with severe turbulence, we should report to ATC to change our air route or change our altitude and reduce speed to avoid the damage, advice the cabin crew to do some preparation to prevent防碍，阻止the passengers from being injured.11、dangrous cargo include:Class1:explosives(爆炸品) RXB RXC RXD RXE RXG RXSClass2:gases(气体)RFG RNG RPGClass3:flammable liquid(易燃液体) RFLClass4:flammable solids(易燃固体)RFS RSCClass5;Oxidizing substances(氧化剂) ROX ROPClass6:Toxic and infectious substances(有毒和感染性物质)RPB RISClass7:Radioactive material(放射性物质)RRW RRYClass8:Corrosives（腐蚀性物质）RCMClass9:Miscellaneous(杂项) RMD dry ice12、airport emergency service include:Ambulance assistance、fire engine、dispersing van、extinguisher、fire fighting squad(group)、foam、stretcher 、wheelchair、tow bar、air conditioning car、ground power、ground air、refueling car、passenger stairs and so onPicture talking1、Describe the pictureIn the first one, there are two aircrafts, colliding with each other, The left is B-737, and the right is B757, I know this accident, It was about 1990 in Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, the left plane was hijacked and controlled by the hijacker, After landing, it slid off the runway, jumped onto the apron, and collided with the other holding there.2、Why do it happen?I think it was because of the hijack which had interrupted the control of the aircraft.3、How could they have been avoid?First and for most, in dealing such kind of situation, ensuring safety is the No1 principle, the pilot should not land blindly but to maintain safety first, if the hijacker want to fly to a place, the pilot should follow and fly to that place.Then he can solve, the situation through other ways, like to inform the company or the airport representatives, and then we must fill the report on it. Supplementary – some general questions1. What should you do in preflight preparation?了解飞机状况,航路天气情况,航路资料,着陆机场天气,道面情况,可用备降机场情况等。
ICAO英语四级资料：INTERVIEW 答案整理版
图片一–WAKE TURBULENCEThese questions are check if pilot familiar with the wake turbulence avoidance1.What does the top picture show?答案1：From zhe picture,I kan see a two engine aircraft is takeing off now.After rotation piont,it produces zhe wake turbulence.zhe distance between is less than 760m.答案2：(This picture shows two parallel runways. The distance between the centerline of the two runways is less than 760m. A four engine aircraft has just taken off from one of the runway. It has produced strong wake turbulence during takeoff. There is a rotation point on this runway.)2.When does the wake turbulence pose the most danger to small aircraft?答案1：When the small aircrafts takeoff or land behind zhe big aircrafts, it poses most danger to small aircraft.（When the aircraft has just rotated during takeoff, it poses most danger to small aircraft.）3.Do large aircraft produce more wake turbulence than small aircraft? Why?答案1：Yes, because if zhe aircraft has more takeoff weight,it will produce more wake turbulence.答案2：（Yes, because large aircraft has larger wing span, higher takeoff weight, and higher takeoff speed, it can produce more wake turbulence than small aircraft.）4.In what circumstance(情况) do you need to avoid wake turbulence? What doyou do?答案1：When I takeoff or land behind zhe heavy aircraft,I need to avoid zhe wake turbulence.Normally, I will keep zhe safey separation with the heavy aircraft .but if zhe separation is belw zhe minimum.I will hold.答案2：（I need to avoid wake turbulence in many circumstances, especially when there is a heavy aircraft taking off before me. During cruise and landing, I also need to avoid wake turbulence if there are heavy aircraft nearby.Normally, I will keep 2 minutes time separation with the previous aircraft during takeoff operation, but if ATC ask me to takeoff immediately, I will rotate before the rotation point of the previous aircraft, and during initial climb, my climb profile should be above the profile of previous aircraft. During cruise and landing I must keep enough distance from other aircraft.）5.What are the criteria for the “heavy”call sign designation, except for theB757?If the take off weight is higher than 130 tons, the aircraft is heavy aircraft. These following questions are to see if the pilots can explain how to avoid waketurbulence1.You are in an A320, on an ILS approach 15 miles out, wind calm, establishedglide path and localizer, following a B757. What is the safe/minimum distance between you and the B757? Why?The safe distance between B757 and me is 5 miles, because this distance will allow me to avoid the wake turbulence produced by B757.2.If the tower tells you that the distance between you and the B757 is 4 miles, whataction would you take? Assume you are already at the minimum approach speed?Please explainNormally I will reduce my speed. If I am already at the minimum approach speed, I will make a maneuver to increase the distance between us.3.You are in a B737 taking the active runway after the tower has cleared a B747 fora takeoff on the same runway in front of you. The wind is from you left at 6 knots.What would you do? Why?答案1：I will wait 1.5 minutes then I can takeoff.because If zhe cross wind is more than 6 knots.zhe minimum separation time is 1.5minuts.答案2：（Normally I will keep 2 minutes time separation with the B747. If the runway is a busy runway and I must take off immediately, I will rotate before the rotation point of B747 and stay on the left of its track to avoid the wake turbulence.）4.Assuming(假设) you were at a busy airport, while you are entering that runway,the tower clears you for an IMMIDIATE takeoff on that runway, a Saab 340. Youhave notice the B747 in front of you lift off at about 8000 feet down the runway.Now the tower clears you for a takeoff and you know your aircraft requires a 2500 feet take off distance. What should you do? Why?I will take off immediately. Because my rotation point is well before the rotation point of the B747, I won't encounter the wake turbulence.5.You are in a B757 taking off behind a B747, both have a heavy call signdesignation. What precaution would you take, if any, following the B747 ahead of you? Please explain why?As a precaution, I will take off 2 minutes after the B747 has taken off, because I need to wait for the wake turbulence caused by the B747 to dissipate.图片二4 PICTURES.Have you ever encountered severe weather during a flight?Yes, I have encountered huge areas of CBs in one of my flight. If I want to go round it, I have to fly a very long distance. So I decided to cross it through a narrow slot between the CBs. I experienced severe turbulence and icing conditions when I fly through these CBs, but luckily I was not stricken by the lightning.\Fortunately, I have never encountered any severe weather in the real flight. Have you ever encountered an in-flight emergency?Yes, I have encountered engine failure in the cruise during one of my flight. I notified ATC about this situation and request descend to lower level while we were doing the checklist. After I checked the engine had no damage I tried the in flight restart. But it was not successful. At last I asked the ATC to divert to the nearest suitable airport. We make a safe landing finally.\I have never encountered any in-flight emergency. But my colleague has. One time when he flew from Wuhan to Beijing, during the taxiing, he heard the APU fire warning. He reported the situation to the ATC immediately, completed the memoryitems and made the emergency evacuation. Only one passenger was injured during the evacuation. But after the investigation, the fire warning was proved to be the false signal!Does your company have any recommendations to select a suitable airport? Do you have any procedures to follow during an emergency?Absolutely. Before each flight, out dispatchers have already calculated the best alternate airport according to the weather condition and the aircraft performance.Of course. We have the QRH and SOP on board the aircraft. During the emergency, we must strictly follow these procedures and the regulations of CAAC. Do you consider potential divert airport before each departure?Certainly, I will consider the divert airport before each flight especially when the weather in the landing airport or departure airport is marginal.Have you ever had to divert? When? Where? What were the reasons? What specifics lead to a diversion?I have diverted to the alternate many times. For example, this year when I flew from qingdao to wuhan, the ATC reported the visibility of Wuhan airport was greatly below the minimum. I diverted to Changsha airport and stayed overnight there.Who do you need to contact when you need to divert?First, I need to contact ATC and tell him which airport I want to divert to. Then, I will notify our company of the diversion and ask them to contact the diversion airport to make preparation.What are the some considerations in making a decision to divert?I will consider the fuel on board, the weather conditions, runway length and otherairport facilities in the diversion airport,Do you review emergency procedures during simulator training?Yes, that’s the most important part of the simulator training. We practice almost all the emergency situations in the simulator, especially some important emergencies such as engine failure, engine fire, emergency descent, wind shear, emergency evacuation and so on.Do procedures change according to aircraft type and local environment?Yes, of course. For example, the single engine returning to land procedure is different between the complex airport and general airport.Choose one emergency situation and describe it. Explain some of the checklist procedures.Picture 2: this picture shows that the aircraft suffered engine fire during rotation. In this situation, I will continue to takeoff . After I reach 400 feet, I will declare emergency to the ATC and carry out the engine fire memory items. Then I will complete the checklist. After that, I will make a short circuit and return back for emergency landing. If I cannot extinguish the fire, I will ask for emergency services and notify the cabin crew to prepare for emergency evacuation after landing.What are some of the communication requirements during an emergency?First, I must declare emergency to the ATC, in case emergency, I should say PAN PAN, PAN PAN,PAN PAN. In case of distress, I should say MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. And all the transmission should be brief and clear.Have you ever been in a real emergency? Do you know anyone that has been in an emergency?For a long haul international flight, at a maximum take-off weight, just after becoming airborne, smoke comes from the cabin. What action would you take?First I will report the situation to the ATC and request return for landing. I willask to make a holding pattern in the vicinity of the airport to complete the cabin smoke checklist and the fuel jettison procedure. After the fuel jettison is completed, if the smoke is under control, we will land as soon as possible. If the smoke is not under control, even threatens the passenger’s life, I will make a emergency landing and emergency evacuationWhat factors influence(影响) your decision?Many factors will influence my decision, such as the safety of the passengers, the aircraft performance, the nature of the emergency, dangerous cargo on board and so on.Immediately after take off, in a twin engine aircraft, one engine fails, what action would you take? What are the procedures?What about an engine fire? What should you do? Can you explain the procedure? After becoming airborne, what procedures do you follow? What would you do if the landing gear cannot be retracted?I will report to the ATC and follow the landing gear unretractable checklist. Then request return for landing.图片三SHUTLEBUS STRIKE1.Where did you have your initial training?My initial training is in Luoyang.2.Can you describe your memory of your first flight?In my memory,my first flight is very excited and happy. My flight instructor took me to zhe airspace,asked me practise climbing decending and turning.3.Can you describe your flight instructor?My flight instructor is a elder instructor.he is a flight expert.he is very agreeable and respectable. He is very friendly to us.I learned much from him.4.What impress you most in your flight training?In my flight training, zhe thing that impress me most is zhe first flight.5.What do you think is the most difficult part in your flight training? How doyou cope with it?I think zhe most difficult part in my flight training is landing.At zhe beginning,on zhe short final ,I always stared on only one thing and lost zhe others.My flight instructortold me that I should check speed,heading,altitude,position to zhe runway frequently.with more practice ,I can have a good langing.6.What do you think of CRM in a cockpit?CRM stands for crew resouce management.In zhe past 10 years,many accident or unsafety envents are caused by human factor.So we should understand zhe CRM.In my actual flight,I think zhe good CRM is that zhe caption can manage zhe crew numbers and aircraft`s equipments reasonablely.Good CRM can reduce workload and prevent human errors.7.How should pilots cooperate with ATC to ensure the flight safety?I think firstly zhe pilots should follow ATC clearance or instructions strictly.because you know, some incidents or unsafety events result from misunderstanding of controller`s instructions.secondly, if we have some emergenry situation ,we should inform ATC our situation immediately and requst as much assistance as possiable.So good communications between pilots and controllers is very important for our flight safety.8.What’s the most important thing to cope with an unusual event?特情**1.What are the most important things in dealing with an unusual event?你认为处理非正常事件最重要的是什麽啊？Firstly,pilots should keep calm, 第一，飞行员应该冷静，maintain the configuration of the aircraft保持飞机姿态。
ICAO问题整理
ICAO问题整理汇编I’m confid ent to pass the test.St arboard 右 port 左 Bird strike, t ail strike, lightening strike,Distress call: mayd ay emergency/urgency/medical emergency call: pan pan形容天气：It’s cl oudy/snowy/rainy/foggy/CRM: It means crew resource management. It can reduce workl oad, and minimize errors.RVSM: It means reduce vertical separation minimum. It’s from FL290 to FL410, and it enl arge capacit y and carry more a/c and passenger. QRH: It means quick reference handbook. We use this as abnormal checklist. It’s our st and ard procedure during abnormal sit uation.A TIS: It means automatic terminal information service. We use this information during d eparture and arrival. We can get airport’s l anding andweather condition, not am, and etc.DIVERTION1.What will cause an aircraft to divert?It coul d be bad weather condition,a/c system fail ure or passengers illness.2.How to cal m the passengers d own if your aircraft have to divert?First of all, I will make a cl ear announcement to tell them what happened.and al so tell them diversion is ensure the flight safet y.3.Have you ever diverted? What was the reason?Y es ,I have . I remember I fl ew to chengdu shuangliu airport l ast winter. The visibilit y of the airport was too l ow. So we had to divert to the nearest aiport for l anding.ABORT T AKEOFF4.What will happen if abort the t akeoff after V1?If we abort the t akeoff after V1, there will not have enough dist ance to stop the a/c. The a/c may rush out of runway. It may cause the a/cd amaged and on fire.5.What will happen if abort the t akeoff at high speed?If the speed is l ess than V1 ,even in high speed, we still can stop the a/c safely. But if the speed is after V1, there will not have enough dist ance to stop the a/c. The a/c may rush out of runway. It may cause the a/c d amaged and on fire.6.How to abort the t akeoff?First , we shoul d set the thrust idl e and maximum thrust reverse, and then use the maximum break until the a/c is stopped.DELAY7.What may cause l ongtime d el ay?It coul d be air traffic control or bad weather of the d estination.8.Do you think a l arge airport may have more d el ay?Y es, I think so. Because the l arge airport is very busy. They have much more d eparting and arriving a/c. if the airport’s weather condition is bel ow the minimum, all the a/c will be d el ay.9.How d o you think about compensation for passengers after a d el ay?For some reason, the air company d on’t need to compensation for passengers. Such as bad weather, air traffic cont rol and so on. But if the d el ay is cause by air company, they will provid e passengers the accommod ation and transport ation.10.Do you have any suggestions to reduce the d el ay?First, I think the schedule of the different company but fly to the same d estination will be planed in frequency. Not at the same time like it is now. And then they shoul d equip more advanced system to improve the air traffic control.SMOKE11.If smoke comes from your flight d eck(cokpit), what woul d you d o?First I will foll ow the sop, put on the oxygen mask, ext ablish the intercom, and then emergency d escend to safe altit ud e. At the same time, I will report this sit uation to the cont roll er, tell them our intention, and al so ask the cabin crew to find out the smoke source if possibl e. Of course, I will d o the smoke checklist after finish the memory items,. Finally, I will cont act A TC,require the rad ar vector to the nearest airport for l anding as soon as possibl e.12.Which system may cause smoke?It coul d be el ectrical system, avionic system, cargo, air condition system or gall ey, and so on.13.Have you ever heard such accid ent s?No, I have never heard of that before.HYDRAULIC SYSTEM14.How many hydraulic system in your aircraft?I fly A319. So we have 3 hydrualic system. It’s green, yell ow, and bl ue system.ICAO问题整理.docx Page 1 of 415.Can you pl ease name their function?The hydraulic system can supply hydraulic pressure for system. Such as l anding gear system, flight cont rol system and etc.16.Do you think hydraulic system failure may end anger flight safety?If one system is failure, we still have t wo hydraulic system operating normally. So we can controll ed the a/c well. If t wo system are failure, the sit uation will fall into difficult y. Maybe the partial break system is out of service, or the flight cont rol will t urn into alternate l aw, even to mechanical backup. But we still confid ent to l and the a/c safely.17.How to make a belly l anding?First I will foll ow the sop, and finish the partial gear l anding procedure. At the same time, I will report the A TC our intention, require to form the runway, request priority l anding. And al so tell them we need ground emergency services after l anding. Such as fire truck, ambul ance, first aid, and etc.CABIN SAFETY18.If you have drunk passeger(passenger fighting) on board ,what woul d you d o?If we are still on ground ,I will infom the dispatch, and require the passenger disembark for safety. If we are in flight we have air marshall on board. He can cont rol this sit uation.19.If your passenger refuse to check in his l arge l uggage, what oul d you d o?First we will persuad e the passenger to check in the l uggage, but if he insist on his opinion, we will refuse this passeger embark the a/c. CREW COOPERA TION20.If there is different opinion between crew members, what woul d you d o?According to the CRM, if we have different opinion, we will foll ow the sop. Al so we will discuss the question and t ry to find out the common point s.21.Do you think it’s necessary to und erst and flight attend ant’s work?Y es, I think so. Because we work together. Und erst and each other and Good cooperation will ensure the flight safety.22.How can cabin crew support during emergency sit uation?In emergency sit uation, the cabin crew shoul d calm d own the passenger first, monitor and report the cabin sit uation to cockpit in time, if there is any abnormal st ate. And guid e the passenger use emergency equipment, such as oxygen mask, life vest. Al so they shoul d inst ruct passenger evacuate the a/c.AIRPORT SECURITY23．Do you think airport securit y is very import ant to prevent terrorism?Y es, it’s very import ant. It can prevent terrorist activit y. And the advanced securit y equipment can find out d angerous good s. Such as expl osives, fl ammabl e, gasses, radioactive good s, and etc.24. Do you think it’s necessary to securit y check the catering truck?Y es, of course, it’s quite necessary. Maybe the terrorist will bring the d angerous good s into the airport by catering truck.25. Do you have any suggestions to airport securit y?I’ve never think about that before. Maybe they coul d buy more and more securit y equipment. It is useful.NEARMISS26. Have you ever heard any nearmiss?Y es, I have heard air collision happened in Swiss air, but I d on’t know the reason.27. Why coul d a nearmiss occur?There are many reasons for nearmiss. Maybe the A TC make a mist ake, or theirs instruction is not cl ear. And al so perhaps the pil ot makes errors, or d on’t und erst and what A TC means.LIGHTENING STRIKE28. How to avoid lightening strike?It is very import ant to use the weather rad ar when light ning. According to the rad ar displ ay, we will try to avoid the yell ow and red area. If we are approaching that, we will request divert to safet y zone. It is very d angerous to fly into the light ning. It will d amage our equipment and structure.Eventually endanger flight safety.29. How to avoid bad weather condition?同上30. How to use your weather rad ar to avoid bad weather condition?同上WINDSHEAR31. Why is l ow l evel wind shear hazard ous to flight safet y?Because it is very cl ose to the ground, in that l ow speed situation, we d on’t have enough margin to recover.32. How to recover wind shear?First, set the power to the maximum, and never change any configuration until the a/c recovered from the wind shear. And try to escape the ICAO问题整理.docx Page 2 of 4area as soon as possibl e.EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT33. How many emergency equipment in your flight d eck?We have oxygen mask, escape rope, fire extinguisher, axe, PBE, goggl e and so on.34. How many slid es in your aircraft?I fly A319. So we have 6 slid es on board. And each slid e is l ocated in each cabin d oor.HEAL TH CONDITION35. Do you think health is very import ant to pil ot s?Y es, of course. Good health can help us ensure the flight safet y.36. How import ant it is?Only heath in body, we can d eal with all the sit uation.37. Do you know what kind of sport s is good for pil ot s?Such as t abl e tennis, Chinese kung fu, basketball, tennis, soccer an so on.What’s your hobby? I like pl aying violin, piano, handwriting, and Chinese kung fu.38. If your capt ain or first officer become incapacit y after t akeoff, what woul d you d o?I will d ecl are the emergency sit uation and t ake over the capt ain’s job, at the same time, call the cabin crew for help. And then cont act A TC,request priority l anding and ground emergency service.39. If your dut y time is up to the limit, shoul d that affect your d ecision?Y es, if the dut y time is up to the limit, it means I have worked for a l ong time continuously. I will feel tired, so it may increase the chances of making mistake.40. How to d eal with this?I will try to avoid this sit uation when I was on ground. I will call the dispatch to change another flight crew.ANTIICE41. is there any antiice indication in your cockpit?We have some Ecam action displ ayed on screen if we fly into the icing condition. The Ecam shows we shoul d engage the Antiice s system.How to d eal with icing condition?In icing condition, we need to d eicing the a/c before t akeoff, and consid er engage Antiice system. al so we need think about runway condition and t axi with caution.LOST42. How many navigation instrument d o you know?Such as GPS, VOR, DME, ADF, NDB, GPWS, SA TCOM and etc.43. If you l ose t woway communication(or get l ost), what woul d you d o?First we will set the transpond er to 7600. And try to use the st andby system or high frequency to cont act A TC. If it is not useful, we began to blind transmission. If there’s any other a/c in same frequency, we will request them to rel ay the information.44. How many communication mod es d o you know?I know the HF, VHF, SA TCOM, ACARS and so on.STRUCTUAL DAMAGE45. What may cause struct ural d amage?Heavy l anding, light ning st rike, rush out of the runway, forced l anding, t ail strike, bird strike and a/c on fire may cause st ruct ural d amage. INSTRUMENT46. Is there any difference bet ween anal og inst rument and digit al instrument?The tranditional instrument is not st abl e and precise. It may have more errors. And the digit al instrument is more st abl e and precise, easier to read.AIRCRAFT DOCUMENT A TION47. How many aircraft d ocument ation d o you know in your aircraft?There are FCOM, MEL, CHECKLIST, FM and etc on board.48. When shoul d we use QRH?When we are in abnormal sit uation, we shoul d use QRH.49. When shoul d we carry out normal check list?When we are in normal situation, We will use it in import ant flight phrase to ensure everything is d one.50. Coul d paper d ocument ation be repl aced by digit al d ocument ation?No, I think it is necessary to remain the paper d ocument on board. Because if digit al instrument failure, we will continue use the paper one. 51. What woul d happen if the fuel is cont aminated?It may cause the engine fl ame out and d amaged. It will end anger the flight safet y.ICAO问题整理.docx Page 3 of 4T o be a pil ot, we will try to fly the best altit ud e and request direct routes to save the fuel. This is all we can d o.PREFLIGHT PREP ARA TION52. What shoul d we d o in preflight preparation?First we shoul d get the dispatch rel ease. From the paper we may check the rel ease fuel, the d estination weather, the flight pl an, the NOT AM, and something el se. If the weather condition is not good enough, we may t ake more fuel and consid er the second ary flight pl an. When we arrival at a/c, we will make a very carefully walk around, all the work is ensure the flight safet y.53. What shoul d pil ot s consid er if you have to divert?First we may consid er the endurance of the flight, think about if we have enough fuel remaining. Then we may get the nearby airport’s weather condition from A TC and choose the most suit abl e alternate airport rapidly.图片题(问题结构一般都是三部分，这幅图描述了什么？什么导致了图中事物的发生？如果是你，你怎么做？“~”代表问题间隔)1．~From the pict ure, I can see a B747 is l anding. It’s near the touchd own area. I think it is an abnormal l anding. The a/c is out of bal ance, and the l eft wing has severly d amaged. It seems the l eft wing has breaks into several pieces. From the background of the picture, there are two ships on the sea. And also there are many high building around the sea.~Maybe they encountered st rong wind or heavy cross wind on short final. The capt ain still want to l and the a/c. due to the strong wind, he can not cont rol the a/c normally, so during the l anding, the a/c is out of bal ance.~First I shoul d cont act A TC, ask for the wind on short final, if the wind speed is out of our limit ation, I will go around d ecid edly, Never force, and alternate to the nearest airport for l anding, Waiting for the weather change well. It is to ensure the flight safet y.2. ~from the picture, I can see a B757 is parking on the apron. It’s snowy. The a/c is being d eicing. There is a d eicing equipment besid e the a/c.~In icing condition, we shoul d consid er d eicing a/c before t akeoff and engage the Antiice system. And al so we shoul d observe the runway condition, if the runway is full of snow, we shoul d ask the A TC to cl ean the runway. Of course, we may t axi very carefully due to slippery ground.3. ~There is a Turkish airline a/c crashed into a vill age. The a/c has been severly d amaged. It is broken into two part s. One engine has beenseparated. Several peopl e are rescuing. And al so there are many ambul ance and fire truck around the a/c.~Maybe they encountered heavy rain or l ow visibilit y condition during l anding. For some reason, the capt ain can not cont rol the a/c normally.But he still want to l and the a/c. finally the a/c crashed into the vill age.~First I shoul d cont act A TC, ask for the weather condition when I make the approach, if the weather is not good enough, I will divert d ecid edly, Never force, and alternate to the nearest airport for l anding, Waiting for the weather change well. It is to ensure the flight safety.4. ~It l ooks like a noseover l anding. The a/c rushed out of the runway. The nose part fall s into a river. There’s a man t aking the photo. And a slid ehas been d epl oyed. Some passenger are evacuating from the a/c.~I think it coul d be break system failure when l anding. So the pil ot can not stop the a/c simply.~I will use the maximum break first. The normal break will change to alternate break automatically when the system is fail ure. At the same time, I will use the maximum thrust reverse until the a/c stopped.5. There is a MD82crusing above the mount ain area. Large areas of cl oud around the a/c. It’s a normal flight.6. There is a red small a/c crashed into the airport sl ot. It connected with a t ug. The l eft sid e is ground parking l ot. The right sid e is apron, parkedseveral a/c.~Maybe it is the t ug driver makes this mist ake. He didn’t familiar with airport pavement condition.So he pushed the a/c into the sl ot.~I think the ground st aff shoul d foll ow the sop and to be more careful.7. ~This is a ground collision. An a/c skid s off the t axi way and collid e with a yell ow truck. There is a big hol e on the nose. The truck wassquashed.~Maybe the A TC make this mist ake. They give the wrong t axi inst ruction. Al so it will be the crew member’s errors. They didn’t foll ow the A TC’s instruction, and didn’t see the truck. Another reason is because of truck driver, he rushed into the t axi area. And cause the accid ent.~First I think everybody shoul d foll ow the sop, when we t axi we shoul d foll ow the A TC’s instruction, if we are not very sure, we shoul d cont actA TC to confirm the intention. Be carefully with everything will avoid accid ent as much as possible.另外问题：How to cooperation with ATC?1．First we should follow the A TC’s instruction, and use st and ard radio communication. If we have any different id ea, we shoul d inform A TC our intention and request new cl earance.2．How an A TC help us in emergency sit uation?First we can request rad ar vector, require priory l anding, ask for alternate weather condition. And al so we can call the ground assist ance when l anding. If it is necessary, we can ask the A TC rel ay our information to our company.3．How to carry out a nonfl aps l anding?First we will foll ow the nonfl aps l anding procedure from the QRH. It is about how to try again to extend the fl ap, and some key point about the procedure we shoul d d o before the l anding. Then we will inform the A TC, ask for some ground service if possibl e. Our good training will guid e usa safe l anding.ICAO问题整理.docx Page 4 of 4。
ICAO英语四级资料：选择题
1.温度12度，露点6点，问题是what is temperature spread (温度露点差)，选项有12/6/18/2.起飞后反推在空中松锁，飞行员向ATC报告（信息很长后面的不记得了），问题是：what reason does the reverser unlock in flight?，选项有相关的两项是：mechanicalproblem///airplane unstable 我认为是机械故障3.题干也很长，说的是飞机加油方面的内容。
问题是：what area can be used for refuelingfunction? 选项是terminal area///restricted area/// dangerous area///明显不相关的区域。
从听力本身没有听到是什么区域，因此我不清楚标准答案是什么。
4.一架飞机crashed. 好像是一架小型的训练机，摔在一个树林中引起了树林大火，后来或灭了。
好像还有三个人死了。
问题是what is the consequence of the accident ? 选项中全部提到了三个人，但是没有说到火灭。
选项记不太清楚了，有三个人死了，有三个人受伤，还有三个人没死，我选的是forest fire and three people dead5.有些计算题目。
CESXXX起始高度是FL120（FL140），请示上升高度290，A TC negtive,due traffic, 要求上270，CES negtive due weight, 最后ATC要求上250（或者260忘记了），问题是，一共爬升了多少英尺？6.XXXX请求下降高度，A TC说previous airplane report FL290有颠簸，XXX高度层有traffic ，FL250-FL260可用，问题是what FL can XXXX descend? 选项有：290///260///有颠簸的高度层///….，应该选择2607.绕云的题目普遍都有，题干基本一样，XXXX航班目前航向086，高度XXX，ATC报告前方40海里有CB（build up）, 飞行员请示左转（右转）60度绕云，ATC negative，左（右）是forbidden area, track out 60 degree, for 30KM, back track heading is 90 degrees.a)发现这题很多人都考试了，但是问题不同，我收集的如下：what was the initialheading? What was the A TC instructions? What was the heading back to the course?8.Tapescript: the wind is 040 gusting 50knots.a)Question: which direction does the wind come from?9.题干讲的是有关加油的一些内容，问题：which may cause a spark during refueling?A. fuelB. combustionC. static electricity选C10.在无线电通话中飞行员报自己的高度330，A TC给出一个新高度290，问总共需要下多少？（4000英尺）11.由于特殊情况飞行员需要左（右）转航向260，问如果解除危险回到原轨迹应：左转还是右转？12.ATC告诉飞行员跑道上有很多鸟，继续等待，问为什么不能起飞？答案：1滑行道上有鸟2飞机被鸟击了3有被鸟击的危险（bird strike danger）13.讲风的重要性，提到了风速，风向以及其他一些信息，最后问风的因素除了速度还有什么？答案为方向（direction）14.考察INTENTION的意思：WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO NEXT15.机长发现座椅不能移动。
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1准备ICAO英语考试时总结了不少，在此把总结的内容上传分享一下。
手打难免错漏，请见谅，我只是一名刚毕业的飞行学员关于专业知识理解不到位之处还请帮忙纠正2考的是语言能力不需要很专业因为考官本身也不是专业的飞行员只要有一些关于飞行的普遍认知就好有一定的专业知识就好3做最充足的准备应对考试应该是得心应手的考试的听力比较清晰而且比平时自己训练的听力简单语速较慢并且没有BACKGROUND WHISTLE4这个是英语学习所以多听多说才是硬道理就应试而言多听录音多听陆空通话就提高语言能力而言多看美剧多模仿多听英文歌多开口说纠正发音语气断句等5前三部分只有自己练习第四部分可以外力帮助提高更快6只是本人一些愚见不足为据啊7祝逢考必过下面的大多都是针对第四部分OPI（oral proficiency interview）OPI包含5个部分：1 warm up 2 level check 3 probe 4 picture describe 5 wrap up一）vocabulary (最后附有各个系统专业词汇)对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳三个应答机特殊编码：编码自己查不便说。
从小到大分别是hijack , radio failure , distress conditionsPAN PAN和MAYDAY的区别：PANPAN：need assistance timely urgency situationMAYDAY：need assistance immediately distress situation乘务员flight/cabin attendant 驾驶舱职权梯度cockpit authority gradient机库hangar 接通/断开自驾engage/disengage AP地形terrain 人因human factors活物牲畜livestock 绕飞detour界面交界处interface 修改modify amend试车engine runup 烂泥slush减速妨碍retard 积累accumulation湿度humidity 降雨量precipitation气喘asthma 腹泻diarrhea调度签派dispatch 信号员marshaller开往驶往Bound for 放油fuel dump jettison预期anticipate 污染contaminate外形configuration 致命的fatal分院branch flight college 炸药dynamite手榴弹grenade 恢复revertHuman error chain: people makes mistake, and accident happens. one mistake leads to another to another to another which leads to an accidentIRS: inertial reference system 惯性基准系统干预interfere 配件附件accessory气动的pneumatic 有形的具体的concrete临界的marginal 连续touch and go起落Traffic circuit 补充replenish全停full stop 物质物品substance拉紧绷紧strain 踝关节ankle 肘部elbow对正跑道align the runway POB: people onboard改装训练transition training 劫机犯hijacker陆空对话radiotelephony communication前轮转弯机构nose wheel steering 执行execute 疏散evacuation机长的四条杠的含义：1 flying skill 2 knowledge 3 profession 4 responsibility提供饮食及服务cater（主要在地面装载时会用到）RNP----required navigation performance 所需导航性能RDH----threshold height 跑道入口高度二）几个主要系统组成及功用1 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM很多图是关于重着陆，事故以及事故症候的，事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况，damaged，unable to extend, tires blow-out, smoke from main gear等情况，所以遇到这一类型的图就可以引申出对于LANDING GEAR SYSTEM的问题来考验对系统的认知。
Tricycle gear arrangement 前三点shock strut 减震支柱bumper减震器Manual extension handles 人工放下起落架手柄Nose wheel arrangement advantages:1) it allows more forceful application of brakes for higher landing speed without nosing over.2) it permits better visibility for the pilots during landing and taxing3) it tends to prevent aircraft from ground-looping by moving the C.G forward of the main gear.Landing gear safety devises :1) Mechanical downlock----------to prevent accidental operation of the mechanical downlocks, electrically operated safety switches are installed.2) Safety switches-----------------The torque links spread apart or move together as the shock strut piston extends or retracts in its cylinder.3）Ground lock----------------one common type of a pin installed in aligned holes drilled in 2 or more units of the landing gear support structure.2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM第四部分里面有一张图是关于hydraulic system的，建议这个系统多熟悉一下Units commonly operated by hydraulic system :Landing gears , wing flaps , slats , speed and wheel brakes , nose wheel steering , Primary flight surfaceshydraulic system components:an engine driven pump , a filter , a reservoir , a pressure regulator , an accumulator ,a pressure gauge , a relief valve , an emergency pump , two check valves ,a selector valve , an actuating cylinderoperationthe engine driven pump which is directly coupled to the engine will operate when the engine is running. The pump draws fluid from reservoir and expels to the system through the filter and a check valve and the pressure can be built up. the pressure regulator unloads or relieves the engine driven pump when the desired pressure in the system achieved . thus it’s often referred to as an unloading valve.In the event of malfunction of pressure regulator , the relief valve will release any pressure above that maintained by the regulator.3 AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSSURIZATION SYSTEMThe cabin air conditioning and pressurization system supplies conditioned air for heating and cooling the cockpit and cabin spaces. This air also provides pressurization to maintain a safe and comfortable cabin environment. Some of the air conditioning systems installed in modern aircraft utilize air turbine refrigerating units to supply cooled air. These are called air cycle system.Function of air conditioning system:To maintain a comfortable temperature within the fuselage. In a typical system the temperature is measured and compared to the desired setting of the temperature controls.1 supply ventilation air2 supply heated air3 supply cooled airFunction of cabin pressure control system:To provide cabin pressure regulation , pressure relief , vacuum relief ,and the means of selecting the desired cabin altitude.4 WINGTIP DEVICES-----------improve the efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft, intended effect id always to reduce the drag by altering the airflow near thewingtips.5 APU-------AUXILIARY POWER UNITFunction----- to provide power to start the main engines. Turbine engines must be accelerated to a high rotational speed in order to provide sufficient air compression for self-sustaining operation. Before engines are to be turned, the APU is started, generally by a battery or hydraulic accumulator. Once the APU is running, it provides power (electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic, depending on the design) to start the aircraft's main engines.APUs fitted to ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operations) aircraft are a critical safety device, as they supply backup electricity and compressed air in place of the dead engine or failed main engine generator.三）特勤处置先说一下CRM-----COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENTCRM 包括4部分1：establish good communication with crew members , so that we can prevent and correct any mistakes.2：take full advantage of the facilities onboard and the ground navaids.3：operate the aircraft strictly according to the manual and SOPs.4：comply with the aviation regulations.关于EMERGENCY，处置8stay calm ,maintain the right configuration and attitude.9the crew members should accomplish each other’s own duty, find the cause and do the right checklist , follow standard procedures.10report to ATC your location , situation onboard, and intention. Request landing priority if possible.这里只是提供一个大致框架，具体特勤具体分析，如ENGINE FAILURE, BOMB ONBOARD,GEAR JAM等，具体的细节就只有自己去丰满。