英语词性和句子成分
英语十大词性、句子成分及五种基本句型
I want a ticket.
3)宾语（object）
表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后宾语。指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。如：还说上例。谓语动词是“看”，看什么看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。 需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。。
4）S + Vt +动名词
例如：I enjoy living here.
[说明]常用于这句型的动词有：advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。
5）S + Vt +宾语从句
例如：I don't think (that) he is right.
[说明]常用于这句型的动词有：hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。
I like football.
The boy needs a pen.
2)谓语（predicate）
说明主语的动作或状态。由动词担任。常置于主语后。谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我”干什么“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。 一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。 如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。 谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。 句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变
英语十大词性句子成分及五种基本句型
英语十大词性、句子成分及五种基本句型如果我们想把单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来就要用连、连词， 7模块一：句子结构词。
连词不能单独作句子成分，只能和其他词类一起作句子成分。
常见的连词before, 有：and, but, or, both .. and, neither..nor, not only ..but also, when, where, 【重点】after, if等等一、词性的概念：，简单来说，不定冠词表)不定冠词)the (定冠词 8、冠词，英语中只有三个词：a\an (英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。
共有十类：名词、示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。
定冠动词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
词也不能单独做主语宾语等等什么啦，只能和其他词类结合作句子成分。
Li---Mike, 人名.具体的人或物体的名称:1、名词,名就是名称---人或事物的名称顾名思义，跟数字有关的词就是数词，英语中的数词有两种，基数词和、数词， 9。
抽象的事Ming; 地名—America, China 动物名---pig, dog; ---tree, wheat植物名，序数词，比one two, three, four, five, six, seven 等等序数词。
基数词，比如：).知识), knowledge(主意), victory(胜利物的名称:idea( 等等。
first, second, third, fourth, fifth 如：？即是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，所以说名词和代词2、代词，何谓“代”等等，这一well oh, ah, 感叹词，主要是来表示喜怒哀乐等感情的，比如：10、关系是很近的，或者说代词的实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时词类在十大词类中并不重要，了解即可。
候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。
英语的词性,句子成分
英语的词性：名词(nouns) n.代词(pronoun) pron.实词数词(numeral) num.形容词(adjective) adj. 或a.副词(adverb) adv.动词(verb) v冠词(article) art虚词介词(preposition) prep.连词(conjunction) conj.助词(auxiliary) aux.英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语, 主语补足语和宾语补足语一）主语：是一个句子所叙述的主题，Walls have ears.He will take you to the hospital.Three plus four equals seven.To see is to believe.Smo king is not allowed in public places.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.二）谓语由_____________担任。
助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
说明主语所做的动作或状态.动词有着各种时态的变化Action speaks louder than words.The chance may never come again.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.（三）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。
宾语一般放在___________之后。
_____词后也会跟宾语。
•She covered her face with her hands.•We haven't seen her for a long time.•Do you mind opening the window?•Give me four please.•He wants to dream a nice dream.•We need know what others are doing.•We should care more about our friends.（四）表语它的位置在_______________之后。
英语词性和句子成分
英语词性和句子成分Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT十大词类与八大句子成分的关系（1）十大词类：据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，把英语单词分为10个类别，就是10大词类：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
根据部分词类具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大部分：实词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。
特征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。
虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
特征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分，必须和实词搭配，才能充当句子成分。
十大词类和八大句子成分（2）八大句子成分：句子成分：组成英语句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。
英语的句子最多由八个句子成分组成，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。
★主语：概念：句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。
位置：主语一般在句首，特殊句型中在句末。
构成：由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。
例：Henry is a good boy.亨利是个好孩子。
He ran away.他跑掉了。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习一门外语不容易。
Driving to Beijing is not difficult.开车去北京不难。
What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。
★谓语：概念：说明主语的动作、特征、状态等的句子成分，叫做谓语。
位置：谓语动词通常位于主语之后，特殊句型位于主语之前。
构成：由动词或动词短语充当。
例如：We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们周一至周五上学。
英语十大词性、句子成分及 五种基本句型
模块一：句子结构【重点】一、词性的概念：英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。
共有十类：名词、动词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词,"名"就是名称---人或事物的名称.具体的人或物体的名称:人名---Mike, Li Ming; 地名—America, China 动物名---pig, dog; 植物名---tree, wheat。
抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意), victory(胜利), knowledge(知识).2、代词，何谓“代” ？即是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的，或者说代词的实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。
代词，从英语词汇的整体来看数量并不多。
3、动词,"动"就是动作--人的五官动作: walk, jump, swim;人的大脑动作(心理活动): think, imagine。
也有些动词是表示静止的，如：am，is， are。
4、形容词，我们在谈论人或物时，常说：“你描述一下是什么样子。
”你就要用上：tall（高的），short矮的），black（黑的），white（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词，它们就是形容词。
5、副词，说人行走得快慢，讲话清楚，在英语里就要用quickly（快地），slowly（慢地），clearly（清楚地）这些词往往来修饰动词。
它们就是副词。
副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词，不过只有少量的单词（常见的有likely，friendly lovely，lonely，weekly，monthly，yearly ）, 这几个单词需要加强记忆，也不就是几个单词特殊嘛，不过考试往往就考特殊的，你要小心才是呀！6、介词，英语用词里介词也属于难缠的一个。
英语词性和句子成分
十大词类与八大句子成分的关系1十大词类：据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用,把英语单词分为10个类别,就是10大词类：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词;根据部分词类具有的共同特征,又将十大词类分为两大部分：实词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词;特征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分;虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词;特征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分,必须和实词搭配,才能充当句子成分;2八大句子成分：句子成分：组成英语句子的各个部分,叫做句子成分;英语的句子最多由八个句子成分组成,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语;★主语：概念：句子的主体,发出动作的人或物,表示所说的是谁或是什么;位置：主语一般在句首,特殊句型中在句末;构成：由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当;例：Henry is a good boy.亨利是个好孩子;He ran away.他跑掉了;To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习一门外语不容易;Driving to Beijing is not difficult.开车去北京不难;What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的;Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气;★谓语：概念：说明主语的动作、特征、状态等的句子成分,叫做谓语;位置：谓语动词通常位于主语之后,特殊句型位于主语之前;构成：由动词或动词短语充当;例如：We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们周一至周五上学;I went to the zoo yesterday.昨天我去了动物园;Some children asked for cold drinks. 有些孩子要喝冷饮;I shall go to see him tomorrow. 明天我要去看他;I must ask her to teach me to swim. 我一定得请她教我游泳;We looked for Mr. Wilson yesterday.我们昨天找过威尔逊先生;He took part in the meeting last Saturday.他上周六参加了会议;★宾语：概念：动词宾语是动作的承受者;及物动词以及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语;介词之后的宾语叫介词宾语;位置：动词宾语位于及物动词之后；介词宾语位于介词之后;构成：名词、名词化的形容词、代词、数词、-ing形式、动词不定式和从句等均可作宾语;例如：The teacher asked the students to finish the homework after class.老师让学生们课下完成作业;He wanted to buy that T-shirt.他想买那件T恤衫;They are having a party in the garden.他们正在花园里开聚会;I don’t know when they will arrive.我不知道他们何时到达;★双宾语：英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,动作的承受者,即指物的叫做直接宾语,动作是为谁做的或是对谁做的,即指人的叫做间接宾语,这两个宾语称为“双宾语”;例：Pass me the salt, please. 把盐递给我;the salt直接宾语, me间接宾语They asked me to sing them a song. 他们要我给他们唱一支歌;a song直接宾语, them间接宾语;间接宾语后置：间接宾语也可以放在直接宾语的后面,这时候需要在间接宾语之前分别加两个介词：for或to.具体用哪一个介词,主要取决于句子的谓语动词;例：I’ll lend you something to read. →I’ll lend something to read to you.我要借点什么东西给你看;I hope you will do me a favor.→I hope you will do a favor for me.我希望你能帮我做一件事;以下这类双宾语动词如果间接宾语后置,要求在间接宾语之前加“to”;give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, accord, grant, owe, refuse, deny等;以下这类双宾语动词如果间接宾语后置,要求在间接宾语之前加“for”;make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等;双宾语的注意事项在下面情况下用to或for引起的短语比用间接宾语好1. 当直接宾语是人称代词时I’ll send it to you tomorrow. 比较I’ll send you the book. 我明天给你送来;This book is Mr. Wang’s. Please give it to him. 这是王先生的书,请给他;2. 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时We are going to sing some songs for our friends. 比较Sing us a song.我们将为我们的朋友唱支歌;On the bus, she often gives her seat to the old person.在公共汽车上,她经常给老年人让座;3. 当间接宾语受到强调时Bring the letter to me, not to Henry. 把信交给我,不是给亨利;We’d better hand the documents to him directly. 我们最好把文件直接交给他;Mother cooks meals for us every day.母亲每天都给我们做饭;★宾语补足语：概念：用以补充说明宾语,并与宾语一起构成复合宾语的句子成分,叫做宾语补足语;英语中有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,否则句子意思就不完整;位置：通常情况位于宾语之后;构成：可以做宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词以及介词短语等;例：You must keep the room clean and tidy.你必须保持房间干净和整洁;People saw him running away.人们看到他跑了;Don’t leave your car there. It’s not a parking area.别把你的车停在那儿,那不是停车场;Let me put this bag on the desk.让我把这个包放在桌子上;宾语补足语和宾语的关系: 由于宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明,因此,与宾语或是逻辑上的主谓关系,或是逻辑上的主表关系;如：He made us laugh.他使我们哈哈大笑;★表语：概念：用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等的句子成分,是表语;位置：位于联系动词之后,与联系动词构成复合谓语;构成：可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语以及从句等;联系动词Link verb：连接主语和表语的动词是联系动词;常用的联系动词有be, keep, remain , stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, feel,look, smell, sound, taste, seem等;be动词am, is, are, was, were, have been是最常用的表达状态的联系动词；其他联系动词如：become成为,turn变成,go变;其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,不可能是宾语;当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达“转变为”之意,注意与动宾关系的区别;感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻例如：Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲;That remains a puzzle to me. 这对我还是个难题;That computer is mine. 那台电脑是我的;I feel much better today. 我今天感觉好多了;Her job is selling computers. 她的工作是销售电脑;The patient is out of danger. 病人脱险了;I must be off now. 现在我得走了;This is what he said.这就是他所说的话;★定语：概念：是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子的句子成分,汉语中常用“……的”表示;位置：定语通常位于被修饰的成分前;定语后置情况：定语修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词如：something、nothing时,通常后置,即放在所修饰的词的后面;当不定式、分词短语作定语或从句作定语时,定语通常后置;副词用作定语时须放在名词之后;构成：充当定语的词有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词短语以及从句;例：I still got much work to do.我还有很多工作要做;My father told me to study hard.我父亲告诉我要努力学习;The woman in the blue coat is my mother.那个穿蓝色外套的人是我妈妈;What a sunny day 多晴朗的天It’s about ten minutes’ walk from here.距这里大约步行十分钟;The boy you will know is Tom. 你将认识的男孩叫汤姆;★状语：概念：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分,称为状语;状语用来说明动作发生或存在的时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等;位置：状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首;地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间如：often或程度如：almost的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前;构成：可用作状语的有副词、动词不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语、名词以及从句等;例：The boy really needs a pen.男孩真的需要一支钢笔;程度状语You should often do exercise if you want to keep fit.若想健美,你就应该经常锻炼;频率状语David runs very fast.戴维跑得非常快;时间状语He came to see me yesterday.他昨天来看我;目的状语She often works in her office till midnight.她经常在办公室工作到半夜;地点状语★同位语：概念：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列另一个名词或代词,对前者加以解释或说明的句子成分;它近乎于后置定语,对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释说明的作用,说明前面的词是“谁”、是“什么”等;位置：位于所补充说明的词之前或之后;构成：同位语通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担当;同位语与定语的区别：同位语是对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释、说明的作用,说明前面的词是“谁”、是“什么”等；而定语则是对被修饰的词起限制或修饰的作用;。
词性句子成分和五大句型
语法基础I.词、短语和从句（一）词性1. 名词（n.）：人事地物的名称。
如：book，love。
2. 冠词（Article）：表示特定或不特定的人事物，放在名词前。
如：a，the。
3．代词（pron.）:代替名词的词。
如：he，it，him，anyone。
4. 动词（V.）:人事物的动作、状态。
如：run，love，be。
5. 形容词（adj.）：表示性质、状态，修饰名词、代词。
如：good，happy。
6. 副词（adv.）:表示时间、地点、程度，修饰动词。
如：well，happily。
7. 介词（prep.）:放在名词前，形成短语。
On the desk, at home。
8. 连词（conj.）:连接单词、短语和句子。
9. 数词。
如：one。
10. 感叹词。
如：Oh！英语中的不同词性在句子中充当不同的成分。
The coach shouted loudly,“Hey, run to the goal!”But the players couldn’t hear his voice. And they lost the final match.（二）短语分为三类，副词短语，形容词短语，名词性短语就是拉长的单词.1.I ofen stop at a convenience store on my way home. 表达地点，做副词。
2.The book on the desk is mine.3.I put my books on the desk.4.I don’t know what to do.(三)从句从句为句子的一部分，其中包含“主语+谓语”分三类，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句。
就是拉长的单词。
I know that you are doing your best.My idea is that we should plant more trees.What I said is true.Judy put her coat on the desk before she sat down.II. 句子成分( sentence elements )：1. 主语主语( subject ):名词或名词对等语。
词性和句子成分
分类练习代词1. I have two children, and _____ of them are working in the west of China.A．all B. both C. neither D. either2. May I have a talk with you, sir? I've got important to tell you.A. nothingB. anythingC. somethingD. everything3. -- I'm hungry, is there any bread in the fridge?--______but we have cakes. Would you like to have one?A. SomeB. MuchC. NoneD. Nothing4. —How do you usually come to school, by bus or by bike?—_________. I walk.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. Any5.—Which club would you like to join, artclub or basketball club?—_________ is OK. I’m good at them.A. NeitherB. EitherC. BothD. All6. —Who is the man over there?—He is an old friend of _________ .A.IB. myC. mineD. me.7. —Yesterday I lost my pencil sharpener. I couldn’t find_______.—Oh, it’s a pity. You’d better buy ________ this afternoon.A. it; itB. it; oneC. one; itD. one; one8. All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day.A. thisB. thatC. themD. it9．—Can you speak English, Mr Wang？—Yes, but only＿＿＿A. littleB. a littleC. a lotD. a few10. —Oh, the traffic is so heavy.—Let’s change _____ route to the airport.A. otherB. othersC. the otherD. another11. I don’t like ______ when shop assistants follow me around.A. itB. thatC. whichD. them12. ‘Before she came around,' she says, ‘I was _______ in this town, everyone respect me'.A. somebodyB. nobodyC. everyoneD. who13. Last evening I did ________but repair my farm tools.A. nothingB. somethingC. noD. none14. Harry Potte r is so interesting a book that lots of teenagers like to read_________.A. itB. thisC. thatD. one15. The weather in Hangzhou is hotter than _______in Beijing.A. thatB. itC. whatD.whi冠词1. We usually go to school on weekdays, and sometimes goto cinema at weekends.A. 不填; theB. the; theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填2. Look! There is _____ cat in the tree.A. aB. anC. theD. /3. There’s _____ apple on the table. ______ apple is for my little brother.A. a; AnB. an; AnC. the ; AnD. an; The4. There is big supermarket in center of our city.A. a; theB. the; aC. the; the5. I like music, but I don’t like ______ music of this film.A. aB. anC. theD.不填6. — Who’s that lovely girl?— You mean ______ girl with long hair? That’s Kate.A. aB. anC. theD. 不填7. I really like ______ book you lent me yesterday.A. aB. anC. theD. /8. _______ man riding a motorbike is _______ university teacher.A. A; anB. The; aC. The; anD. A; the9. On April 12, 1961，_____27—year—old Yuri Gagarin(尤里.加加林)became the first human to go into_____ space.A. the;不填B. the; theC. a;不填D. a; the10.—Would you please join us? —________, I'm notA. good a quite playerB. quite a good playerC. a quite good playerD. quite gooda player11. He has tried four times, but his teacher wants him to try __fifth time.A. theB. aC. /介词1. I was so tired after the marathon，so I leaned ______the wall to have a rest.A. onB. inC. againstD. with2. Taiwan lies _____ the south of China and ___ the east of Fujian Province.A. in; toB. to; toC. in; onD. to; on3. Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake , compared _____paradise on the earth.A. withB. toC. asD. for短语动词1. Mike promised to ______his friend at the airport, but he hasn’t arrived yet.A. Pick upB. bring upC. put upD. grow up2. They are going to_______Hamlet.A. put awayB. put upC. put offD. put on3.—Do you have iphone5 mobiles?—Sorry, they have been ______.You may come next weekA. given outB. looked outC. sold outD. come out4. Luckily, everything has _______well according to the plan.A. come outB. worked outC. put outD. given out5. Don't __________ too late. or you will feel tired in class.A. wake upB. get upC. stay upD. stand up时态1. —When will he leave for Shanghai? —As soon as he _ his work.A. finishedB. will finishC. is finishingD. finishes2.—Lin Kai, hand in your homework, please.—Oh, sorry. I ______ it at home this morning.A. was leavingB. has leftC. will leaveD. left3.－I’ve got a ticket for the basketball game tonight.－Cool！How you it?A. had, gotB. did, getC. were, gettingD. has got4. ：You ___________ your mind. I can’t stand you.A. are always changingB. always changesC. have always changedD. always changed5. —What’s that noise?—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The neighbors __ for a party.A. prepareB. are preparingC. will prepareD. have prepared6. I didn't hear you because I the news on the radio.A. listen toB. am listening toC. listened toD. was listening to7. I was very angry with John—he just_______ when I spoke to him.A. isn’t listeningB. hasn’t listenedC. didn’t listenD. wasn’t listening8. -Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I ___ here.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming9. Echo _____ for half a month. She’ll come hack in two months.A. left B leave C. has left D. has been away10. Great changes _________ in Tongren in the past five years.A. have happenedB. have taken placeC. have been happenedD. have been taken place11. Have you ever been to Beijing.------Yes, I ________there last year.A. wentB. went toC. have beenD. have been to被动语态1. The young teacher has ____ competent.A. been proved to beB. proved to beC. been provedD. proved being2. As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.A. buildingB. buildC. builtD. to build3.—Have you finished your fashion design?—Not yet. I’ll finish it if I ________ ten more minutes.A. am givenB. giveC. will giveD. will be given4. In many places in China, the old over 90 not only bytheir family but also by the government.A. is taking good careB. are taken good care ofC. is taking good care ofD. are taken good care5. The pen my good friends gave me as a birthday present ______well. I like it very much.A. writesB. wroteC. is writtenD. writing6. Han Han’s new book Youth will be ______next month.A. come outB. publishedC. coming outD. publishing非谓语动词1.. Jane’s mother preferred ________ TV at home to ______ to the concert.A. to watch; goB. watching; goingC. watching; goD. to watch; going2. .—Which movies do you prefer, comedies or action movies?—I ______ watch action movies ______ see comedies.A. would rather; thanB. like; betterC. prefer; to3. As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others _________ for a long time.A. waitB. waitedC. to waitD. waiting4. 10. How kind you are! You always do what you can_________ me.A. helpB. helpingC. to helpD. helps5．If prices rise too high, the government has to do something _________it.A. stopB. stoppedC. stoppingD. to stop6. We can make a fire ____ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.A. to keepB. keepingC. keepD. kept7.—Will you please _______ the flowers? —Sorry. I won’t.A. pickB. don’t pickC. not to pickD. not pick8. Tom often makes his brother __but yesterday he was made_ by his brother.A. cry; to cryB. to cry; cryC. cry; cryD. to cry; to cry9. Mr Wang does what he can ________ us improve our English.A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped10. — Do you know why he left so early?—___for the English test, I guess.A. To studyB. StudyC. StudiedD. Studying11. The book is well worth I plan______one.A. read, to buyB. reading, buyingC. reading, to buy12. What way can you think of ______ the mice in the room?A. how to killB. to killC. killingD. killed13. Water Park is a good place ____________ .A. to have funB. have funC. having funD. to have a fun14. It is our duty ______our hometown clean and beautiful. We mustdo something for it.A. to keepB. keepsC. keeping15. Many students said that they were willing to work hard tomake their dreams _______ true.A. comeB. cameC. comes16. I saw Li Ming near the river on my way home.A. playsB. playingC. to playD. played17. The thief was noticed _____the office building by the back door on the screen.A. enterB. enter intoC. to enterD. to enter into18..My parents often ask me ______ too much time ______ computer gamesA. not to spend; playingB. not to spend; to playC. to not spend; play19. We went to the beach last Sunday, and we had great fun _____ volleyball.A. playB. playingC. playedD. to play20. When I was walking past the window, I noticed WangFei________ my homework. I really got _______.A. copying, annoyedB. copying, annoyingC. copy, annoyedD.copied, annoyed21.She used to in the morning, but now she is used to at night.A. read, readB. read, readingC. reading, readD. reading, reading22. One of the difficulties we have English is how toremember new words and expressions.A. to learnB. in learningC. learnD. learned23. — _______ a volunteer is great.— I think so. Some of us want _______volunteers for the London Olympics.A. Being; beingB. To be; beingC. Being; to beD. To be; to be24. I spend much more time playing basketball than I ______ for my lessons.A. spend to prepareB. do preparingC. do to prepareD. spend prepare特殊句型1.—It’s said that a foreign English teacher will teach us English next term.—Wow! ! We can practice our oral English better.A. What an excited newsB. How excited the news isC. What exciting newsD. How exciting news2. ______ more, and you’ll improve your spoken English.A. SpeakB. SpeaksC. SpeakingD. To speak3. Try this kind of peach, ______ you will like it.A. andB. soC. orD. if宾语从句1. Could you tell me _______ ?A. what the matter is with youB. what was the matter with youC. what's the matter with youD. what's the wrong with you .2. He asked me _______ I could sing the song "My Heart will Go On."A. ifB. weatherC. whatD. that3. Could you tell me __________?A. why didn’ t he come to the party on that dayB. why he didn’ t come to the party on that dayC. why he doesn't come to the party on that dayD. why doesn't he come to the party on that day4. Do you know ______?A. what’s wrong with herB. what wrong is with herC. what’s the wrong with herD. what the wrong is with her定语从句1. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one2. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one3. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one4. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A. whichB. itC. thatD. what5. ---- “How do you like the book?” ---- “It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.”A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. the one what6. May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.A. whichB. whenC. on whichD. about which7. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.A. whenB. thatC. on whichD. what8. I don’t like _______ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which9. I want book a twin room _______window faces the sea.A. whoseB. whichC. it’sD. of which10. We’re talking about the piano and the pian ist _____ were in the concert we attended last night.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that状语从句1. John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________he phones.A. as long asB. in order toC. in caseD. so that2.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ___I could answer the phone.A. asB. sinceC. untilD. before3. We must hurry up ________catch up with the last train.A. thatB. so that toC. in order thatD. in order to4.No matter ________hard it may be，I will carry it out.A. whatB. whateverC. howD. however5.________ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.A. At timesB. Some timeC. By the timeD. Every time6.________ you try，you will never succeed.A. IfB. UntilC. SinceD. Unless7. ____I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. which。
(完整版)英语词性和句子成分
十大词类与八大句子成分的关系（1）十大词类：据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，把英语单词分为10个类别，就是10大词类：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
根据部分词类具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大部分：实词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。
特征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。
虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
特征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分，必须和实词搭配，才能充当句子成分。
（2）八大句子成分：句子成分：组成英语句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。
英语的句子最多由八个句子成分组成，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。
★主语：概念：句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。
位置：主语一般在句首，特殊句型中在句末。
构成：由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。
例：Henry is a good boy.亨利是个好孩子。
He ran away.他跑掉了。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习一门外语不容易。
Driving to Beijing is not difficult.开车去北京不难。
What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。
★谓语：概念：说明主语的动作、特征、状态等的句子成分，叫做谓语。
位置：谓语动词通常位于主语之后，特殊句型位于主语之前。
构成：由动词或动词短语充当。
例如：We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们周一至周五上学。
I went to the zoo yesterday.昨天我去了动物园。
英语语法基础之词性, 句子成分, 句子类型
年级：学员姓名：课程主题：句法语法授课时间：年月学习目标句法语法教学内容一、词性基本概念1、定义：能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。
根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类（parts of speech）。
2、分类：英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。
名词(n = noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
例如：foreigner外国人 soap肥皂 Newton牛顿 law法律 freedom自由 peace和平英语名词可分为两大类：1.普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
例如： teacher教师 market市场 rice大米 magazine杂志 sound 声音 production生产2.专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。
专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。
例如：Hemingway海明威 Russia俄罗斯 New York纽约 United Nations联合国冠词(art = article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。
冠词分为两大类：不定冠词：a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。
a用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。
例如：a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book 一本有用的书an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人定冠词：只有一个，即the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。
可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。
例如：the TV programs 那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会代词(pro = pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。
英语词性和句子成分
十大词类与八大句子成分的关系（1）十大词类：据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，把英语单词分为10个类别，就是10大词类：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
根据部分词类具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大部分：实词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。
特征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。
虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
特征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分，必须和实词搭配，才能充当句子成分。
（2）八大句子成分：句子成分：组成英语句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。
英语的句子最多由八个句子成分组成，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。
★主语：概念：句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。
位置：主语一般在句首，特殊句型中在句末。
构成：由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。
例：Henry is a good boy.亨利是个好孩子。
He ran away.他跑掉了。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习一门外语不容易。
Driving to Beijing is not difficult.开车去北京不难。
What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。
★谓语：概念：说明主语的动作、特征、状态等的句子成分，叫做谓语。
位置：谓语动词通常位于主语之后，特殊句型位于主语之前。
构成：由动词或动词短语充当。
例如：We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们周一至周五上学。
I went to the zoo yesterday.昨天我去了动物园。
英语词性和句子成分
(1)主语：位于句首，是句子阐述的对象。 eg: The classroom is clean. The house is big. (2)谓语：由动词来充当，位于主语后来说明主语。 eg: He can speak English. She is washing herБайду номын сангаасclothes. (3)宾语：跟在动词、介词后的名词成分。
5个基本句型
(1)The baby smiled. 主+谓
(2)Mary cooked the dinner. 主+谓+宾
(3)The soup tastes good. 主+系+表
(4)He gave me a gift. 主+谓+间宾+直宾
(5)She made me happy. 主+谓+宾+宾补
1.名词：表示人和事物的名称
如：apple, desk, duck, window等
2.形容词：用于修饰名词，标志“……的”
eg: a lovely girl
an ugly duck
a handsome boy
3.副词：用于修饰动词、形容词，大多
带有“……地”，如quickly，slowly，loudly
动宾短语：play basketball， wash the clothes
介宾短语：on the desk, under the box
(4)表语：跟在系动词后面的成分 eg: I am a student. You look young. (5)定语：用于修饰名词的成分，可以由 形容词，名词，从句等来充当。 eg: a black cat a shoe factory a man who is standing there
词性及句子成分
英语句子种类
按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：
He is six years old. She doesn't like sports. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句： Be quiet, boys; Don’t talk in class. 4）感叹句： How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is !
<3>. “看起来”_l_o_o_k__, “闻起来” _s_m__e_ll_ “尝起来”t_a_s_t_e_ “摸起来” __fe__e_l _ “听起来”s_o__u_n_d
<4>. “保持”_k_e_e_p_, _s_ta__y_ ,__r_e_m__a_in
<5>. “似乎好像”_s_e_e_m_, a_p_p_e_a_r
趣). 1). 这个计划听起来很好。 2). 河里的水摸起来很凉。 3). 他看起来很年轻。
2.__主__语____+__谓___语____+__(状___语___)__(_S__+_ Vi)
He works hard.
Our money has run out.
We are studying at Changde Foreign Language school.
助动词
❖ 协助实义动词构成谓语的词叫助动词。 最常用的助动词有：
❖ have/has, do/does/did, shall, will, should, would
词性句子成分结构讲解
词性adj。
/ a. 形容词表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏,与否。
形容词用来修饰名词或代词如:big，happyadv. / ad. 副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
如:clearly,happilyClearly he didn，t say so。
显然他没有这样说。
（句子副词）prep. 介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词.在句中不能单独做句子成分.用在名词代词等之前，合起来表示动作、行为的时间,处所,方向,方式,目的，对象等的词.如：in， at，for，toconj。
连词连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的虚词.连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系.如:when，beacuse,sonum。
数词表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
如：one，two,firstint. 感叹词表示说话时表达的喜怒哀乐等情感的词。
如：what，how,haurrayvt. 及物动词（后面要加宾语) 行为动作的词如:do，finish，playvi。
不及物动词（后面不加宾语) 表示行为动作的词如:appearn。
名词表示人，事物，地点，现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。
如:pig，cow,manpron。
代词代指代替名词的一类词。
如:he,she,hers，his,thingsart = 冠词，article位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词.如:a,an，the一．简单句的五个基本句型1。
主语＋不及物动词She came．/It rains.2。
主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English。
/I love you.3.主语＋系动词＋表语She is happy．4.主语＋动词＋间接宾语（人/动物）＋直接宾语（物/事）She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.5。
英语词性和句子成分
十大词类与八大句子成分的关系1）十大词类：据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，把英语单词分为10个类别，就是10大词类：名词、代、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
据部分词类具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大部分：词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。
征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。
词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分，必须和实词搭配，才能充当句子成分。
（2句子成分：组成英语句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。
英语的句子最多由八个句子成分组成，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位。
★主语：概念：句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。
位置：主语一般在句首，特殊句型中在句末。
构成：由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。
例：Henry is a good boy.亨利是个好孩子。
He ran away.他跑掉了。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习一门外语不容易。
Driving to Beijing is not difficult.开车去北京不难。
What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。
★谓语：概念：说明主语的动作、特征、状态等的句子成分，叫做谓语。
位置：谓语动词通常位于主语之后，特殊句型位于主语之前。
构成：由动词或动词短语充当。
例如：We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们周一至周五上学。
I went to the zoo yesterday.昨天我去了动物园。
Some children asked for cold drinks. 有些孩子要喝冷饮。
英语词性和句子成分
十大词类与八大句子成分的关系(1）十大词类：据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，把英语单词分为10个类别,就是10大词类：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
根据部分词类具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大部分：实词:名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。
特征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。
虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
特征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分,必须和实词搭配，才能充当句子成分。
（2）八大句子成分：句子成分：组成英语句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。
英语的句子最多由八个句子成分组成,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。
★主语：概念：句子的主体，发出动作的人或物,表示所说的是谁或是什么。
位置:主语一般在句首，特殊句型中在句末。
构成:由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当.例：Henry is a good boy.亨利是个好孩子.He ran away.他跑掉了.To learn a foreign language is not easy。
学习一门外语不容易。
Driving to Beijing is not difficult。
开车去北京不难。
What has happened proves that our policy is right。
发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的.Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。
★谓语：概念：说明主语的动作、特征、状态等的句子成分，叫做谓语.位置：谓语动词通常位于主语之后，特殊句型位于主语之前。
构成:由动词或动词短语充当。
例如：We go to school from Monday to Friday。
我们周一至周五上学。
I went to the zoo yesterday。
昨天我去了动物园。
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英语十大词类与八大句子成分一、十大词类根据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，可把英语单词分为十大词类：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
根据不同词类所具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大部分：1．实词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。
特征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。
2．虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。
特征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分，必须和实词搭配，才能充当句子成分。
十大词类和八大句子成分二、八大句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
Ⅰ. 主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词）We often speak English in class. （代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式）Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）Ⅱ. 谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由连系动词加表语构成。
如：We are students.Ⅲ. 表语表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, turn, seem等）之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
例如：Our teacher of English is an American. （名词）Is it yours? （代词）The weather has turned cold. （形容词）The speech is exciting. （分词）Three times seven is twenty-one? （数词）His job is to teach English. （不定式）His hobby is playing football. （动名词）The machine must be out of order. （介词短语）Time is up. The class is over. （副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句）Ⅳ. 宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如：They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me. （不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词短语）I think (that) he is fit for his office. （宾语从句）宾语的种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.Ⅴ. 定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语可由以下等形式表示：Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country. （分词）There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语）Ⅵ. 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly. （副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. （不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane. （分词短语）Wait a minute. （名词）Once you begin, you must continue. （状语从句）状语的种类：How about meeting again at six? （时间状语）Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因状语）I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. （条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor. （地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand. （伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （结果状语）She works very hard though she is old. （让步状语）I am taller than he is. （比较状语）Ⅶ. 宾语补足语和主语补足语英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语。
可以担当补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。
例如：His father named him Dong Lei. （名词作宾语补足语）They painted their boat white. （形容词作宾语补足语）Let the fresh air in. （副词作宾语补足语）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语作宾语补足语）We saw her entering the room. （现在分词作宾语补足语）We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语作宾语补足语）We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从句作宾语补足语）She was seen entering the room. （现在分词作主语补足语）Some goods are left unsold. （分词做主语补足语）Ⅷ. 同位语对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。
同位语常常置于被说明的词之后。
例如：This is Mr. Zhou, director of our hospital. （名词）He himself did it. （代词）The year, 1988 is important. （数词）My task, looking after these children is important. （动名词）My job, to teach them grammar is hard. （不定式）The suggestion that we should recite more words is useful. （同位语从句）练习：一、指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分。
1. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.2. The nursery takes good care of our children.3. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow.4. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other.5. I have a lot of work to do.6. We can send a car over to fetch you.7. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.8. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.9. It’s strange that she doesn’t come today.10. He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working.二、标出下列各句子成分（A--主语；B--谓语；C--宾语；D--状语；E--宾语补足语；F--系动词；G--表语；H--定语）11. I need money and respect.12. I am a junior middle school student.13. I read a lot.14. We meet every week to play with each other.15. My hobby is playing chess.16. My mum taught me how to play when I was seven years old.17. On my eighth birthday, I won for the first time.18. I’m saving my money to buy a chess computer.19. We want to climb mountains as well as to listen to music.20. People all over the world gave him interesting things from different countries.21. I decide to become a musician at the age of five.22. The teacher made us sing songs from time to time.23. She asked me where the library is.24. What you said sounds reasonable.25. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising. (NMET2001. C篇)。