Character Recognition Software It is based on the following two techniques Position based

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拍照读取文字的软件英语作文

拍照读取文字的软件英语作文English Answer：Optical character recognition (OCR) software is a type of software that can read text from images. This can be useful for a variety of purposes, such as digitizing documents, extracting text from images for use in other applications, and translating text from one language to another.There are a number of different OCR software programs available, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some of the most popular OCR software programs include:Adobe Acrobat Reader.Google Drive.Microsoft OneNote.OmniPage.ABBYY FineReader.When choosing an OCR software program, it is importantto consider your specific needs. For example, if you needto OCR large volumes of documents, you will need a program that is fast and accurate. If you need to OCR text from images that are low-quality or difficult to read, you will need a program that is able to handle these types of images.Once you have chosen an OCR software program, you can install it on your computer and start using it to OCR text from images. The process of OCRing text from an image is typically very simple. First, you need to open the image in the OCR software program. Then, you need to select the area of the image that you want to OCR. Finally, you need toclick the OCR button. The OCR software program will then scan the image and extract the text.The extracted text will be displayed in a text window. You can then copy and paste the text into anotherapplication, such as a word processor or spreadsheet.OCR software can be a valuable tool for a variety of purposes. If you need to OCR text from images, there are a number of different software programs available that can help you get the job done.中文回答：光学字符识别 (OCR) 软件是一种可以从图像中读取文本的软件。

信息系统项目管理师、系统集成项目管理工程师考试常见英语单词汇总

信息系统项目管理师、系统集成项目管理工程师考试常见英语单词汇总在软考，信息系统项目管理师、系统集成项目管理工程师考试中，涉及了5分英语选择题。

涉及到的英语知识点比较多，为了大家方便备考，小僧加以归纳、整理。

分两部分，第一部分技术词汇，第二部分项目管理词汇。

一、涉及常见的信息应用系统、软件、网络应用技术、电子政务、电子商务、云计算、物联网、信息安全等。

▪IS------------- Information System 信息系统▪MIS-----------Management Information System 管理信息系统▪TPS-----------Transaction process System 事务处理系统▪DSS-----------Decision Support System 决策支持系统▪ERP-----------Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源计划▪MRP----------Material Requirement Planning 物料需求计划▪MRPII--------Manufacturing Resource Planning 制造资源计划▪BSP------------Business System Planning 企业系统规划▪CAD------------Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计▪OCR------------Optical Character Recognition 光学字符识别▪SA-------------Structured Analisys 结构化分析方法▪OOA----------Object-Oriented Analysis 面向对象分析方法▪OOD----------Object-Oriented Design 面向对象设计▪OOP----------Object Oriented Programming 面向对象编程▪DFD----------Data Flow Diagram 数据流图▪DD------------Data Dictionary 数据字典▪E-R-----------Entity Relationship Diagram E-R图▪OLAP--------On-Line Analytical Processing 在线联机分析处理▪OLTP--------On-Line Transaction Processing 联机事物处理系统▪EDI-----------Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换▪CRM---------Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理▪SCM----------Supply Chain Management 供应链管理▪Data Mining----------数据挖掘▪Data Warehouse----------数据仓库▪Database----------数据库▪Data Mart----------数据集市▪ITIL----------Information Technology Infrastructure Library 信息技术基础架构库▪ITSM----------IT Service Management IT服务管理▪Message----------消息▪Communication-----------消息通信▪UML----------Unified Modeling Language 统一建模语言▪Use case diagram----------用例图▪Class diagram----------类图▪Object diagram----------对象图▪Component diagram----------构件图▪Deployment diagram----------部署图▪State diagram----------状态图▪Sequence diagram----------序列图▪Collaboration diagram----------协作图▪Activity diagram----------活动图▪C/S---------- Client/Server 客户机/服务器▪B/S---------- Browser/Server 浏览器/服务器▪SOA----------Service Oriented Architecture 面向服务的体系结构▪Middleware----------中间件▪RPC----------Remote Procedure Call 远程过程调用▪Web Services----------Web服务▪SOAP----------Simple Object Access Protocol 简单对象访问协议▪WSDL----------Web Services Description Language Web服务描述语言▪UDDI----------Universal Description Discovery and Integration 通用描述、发现与集成服务▪XML-----------Extensible Markup Language 可扩展标记语言▪HTML----------Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言▪Component----------构建▪Containe----------容器▪WorkFlow----------工作流▪WFMS---------- Workflow Management System 工作流管理系统▪CORBA---------- Common Object Request Broker Architecture 公共对象请求代理体系结构▪OMG---------- Object Management Group 对象管理组织▪DCOM-----------Distributed Component Object Model 分布式构件对象模型▪API-----------Application Programming Interface 应用程序编程接口▪Graphical User Interface-----------图形用户界面▪Logic View----------逻辑视图▪Development View----------开发视图▪Module View----------模块视图▪Process View----------进程视图▪Physical View----------物理视图▪Attribute----------属性▪Object----------对象▪Class----------类▪Inheritance----------继承▪Dependency----------依赖▪Generalization----------泛化▪Aggregation----------聚合▪Composite----------组合▪Association----------关联▪function---------函数▪template---------模板▪LAN---------- Local Area Network 局域网▪Ethernet----------以太网▪Token King----------令牌环网▪WAN----------- Wide Area Network 广域网▪Proxy----------代理▪Server----------服务器▪Workstation----------工作站▪Bridge-----------网桥▪Router----------路由器▪Gateway----------网关▪OSI----------Open System Interconnect 开放式互联系统▪Physical Layer----------物理层▪Datalink Layer----------数据链路层▪Network Layer----------网络层▪Transport Layer----------传输层▪Session Layer----------会话层▪Presentation Layer---------表示层▪Application Layer---------应用层▪Virus---------病毒▪Firewall---------防火墙▪Directory structure--------- 目录结构▪TCP----------Transmission Control Protocol 传输控制协议▪UDP----------User Datagram Protocol 用户数据包协议▪ARP----------Address Resolution Protocol 地址解析协议▪URL----------Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位器▪FTP----------File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议▪DHCP----------Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 动态主机设置协议▪PPTP---------- Point to Point Tunneling Protocol 点对点协议▪ATM----------Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式▪DAS----------Direct-Attached Storage 直接连接存储▪NAS---------- Network Attached Storage 网络连接存储▪SAN---------- Storage Area Network 存储区域网络▪PDS----------Premises Distribution System 综合布线系统▪Work Area Subsystem---------- 工作区子系统▪Horizontal Backbone Subsystem---------- 水平干线子系统▪Administrator Subsystem---------- 设备间子系统▪Backbone Subsystem---------- 垂直干线子系统▪Campus Backbone Subsystem---------- 楼宇▪Equipment Room Subsystem----------设备间子系统▪SQA----------Software Quality Assurance软件质量保证▪Performance----------性能▪Reliability----------可靠性▪Availability----------可用性▪Security----------安全性▪Modifiability----------可修改性▪Maintainability----------可维护性▪Extendibility----------可扩展性▪Reassemble----------结构重组▪Portability---------可移植性▪Functionality--------功能性▪FDMA----------Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址▪WDMA---------Wave Division Multiple Access 频分多址▪TDMA----------Time Division Multiple Access 时分多址▪CDMA----------Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址▪ADSL----------Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 非对称数字用户环境▪HDSL----------High-speed Digital Subscriber Line 高速率数字用户体验▪VDSL----------Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber loop 甚高速数字用户环境。

一轮复习专题20 阅读理解说明文(原卷版)

专题20 阅读理解说明文（原卷版）【母题来源】（2021·湖南郴州市·中考真题）【母题题文1】Computers, smartphones, and other machines are the perfect servants. They always do what they are “told”. We usually “tell” them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard. But what if we could just talk to them normally and tell them what to do?This type of technology, known as voice control or voice recognition (识别), has been shown in films and TV shows since the 1960s. The TV show Star Trek showed some spaceships which could reply to human voice commands (命令). The film 2001: A Space Odyssey showed a computer that human astronauts could talk to. It was mainly used to play chess and repair the astronauts’ spaceship.On the other hand, real-world voice recognition is used for more everyday tasks. For example, Apple and Amazon made two pieces of voice recognition software (软件). They can be asked to do many things, such as setting alarms and playing music and so on.One of the nice things about voice recognition is that it can be used when we’re on the go. W hen you’re driving a car or walking down the street, it’s not convenient or even dangerous to pick up your smartphone and type away on the keyboard. V oice recognition allows you to focus on whatever you’re doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.Speech recognition software is also helpful to deaf people. It can be used to “listen” to spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read. Some speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate them into another language.4．According to Paragraph 1, how do we usually control machines in daily life?______A．By using body language.B．By talking to them.C．By using a mouse or keyboard.5．When was voice recognition first shown in films and TV shows?______A．In the 1980s. B．In the 1970s. C．In the 1960s.6．How does voice recognition help to keep you safe while driving a car?______A．It helps you to focus on what you are doing.B．It allows you to type on the keyboard more conveniently.C．It can control your car for a short while.7．In the last paragraph, what can we infer about the speech recognition software?______A．It can hear words spoken in English and then translate them into Chinese.B．It can turn text into spoken words for the blind.C．It can help you do anything that you want to do.8．Where do you probably read the passage?______A．In a movie ad.B．In a science magazine.C．In a sports magazine.【母题来源】（2021·辽宁中考真题）【母题题文2】Have you ever heard of “Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil (苦工)?’’ It tells us not to waste food.As we all know, every bit of food we eat comes from hard work. It’s not easy to turn a seed (种子) into the food you can eat. Recently, to help students better understand this, the No. 4 Middle School in Huzhou, Zhejiang held an activity. Under the hot sun, hundreds of students went to a field to experience farming. With the help of others, they learned how to grow rice and pick vegetables. After the activity, they better understood how hard farming was.Many countries are facing the food-shortage problem now. According to the UN, there are 820 million people living in hunger today. Our country used to face this problem, too. In the 1960s, because there wasn’t much food, many people even died from hunger. In 1973, Yuan L ongping and his team succeeded in the development of hybrid (杂交) rice. They made great progress in solving our food-shortage problem. Many scientists like Yuan are always going out of their way to solve this problem now.When we waste food, we waste not only food but also resources (资源) for growing, transporting and cooking the food. These all take energy, time and water. Wasting food also creates greenhouse gas. So food waste is bad for the environment, too.Please value what you’re eating.9．The poem tells us not to ______.A．throw food B．waste food C．pollute food D．hate food10．Students from Huzhou ______ on the farm.A．sold seeds B．grew vegetablesC．understood each other D．experienced farming11．Chinese people ______ in the 1960s.A．had a hard life B．died from illnessesC．had much food D．ate a new kind of rice12．Saving food is ______ for the environment.A．good B．bad C．safe D．meaningless13．The main idea of this passage is ______.A．how we should save foodB．why we should value foodC．where we can experience farmingD．how we should protect the environment【母题来源】（2021·辽宁中考真题）【母题题文3】What are the cultural differences between China and the West? You might be able to find the answer in Cao Siyu’s comics（漫画）. Cao, 32, was born in Beijing, but left home at 20 and has studied and lived in the US, the UK, and France for 12 years. Having seen so many cultures, Cao wanted to use her drawing sills to show the differences she has experienced. So she created the cartoon series Tiny Eyes Comics.“My experience shows that although travel is much easier and faster today, the distance（距离）between cultures hasn’t shortened,” Cao said. She hopes to build bridges and break down misunderstandings between different cultures. One of her cartoons shows water forms in different countries. Three glasses of water are shown. The glass of water from the US has ice; the one from France is full of sparkling water（气泡水）; the one from China is steaming（冒热气的）.Cao also uses her cartoons to show different ways of thinking and social customs. During the COVID﹣19 pandemic, she used her comics to explain why Chinese people prefer to wear masks while western people don’t. “Her simple pictures have played a big part in reflecting Chineseculture,” Italian magazine Grazia reported.Many foreign readers say that Cao’s comics help them understand China, while Chinese living abroad have felt that they are seen and understood.She said that this voice has been the biggest motivation （动力）for her to keep creating. 24．Cao Siyu shows people the cultural differences by ______.A．living abroad B．creating comicsC．writing for an Italian magazine D．talking about her experience25．Cao’s comic ideas come from her studies and life in ______ countries.A．3 B．12 C．20 D．3226．The underlined word “misunderstandings” means ______.A．融合B．交流C．差异D．误解27．We can infer from the passage that ______ is more popular in China.A．cold water B．ice water C．sparkling water D．hot water28．The best title of the passage is “ ______”.A．Travel is much easier and faster todayB．Comics show us how we are differentC．School life abroad is busy and lonelyD．Different ways of thinking and behaving【母题来源】（2021·广西玉林市·中考真题）【母题题文4】Traditional food such as Guilin Rice Noodles, Snail Rice Noodles, Rolled Rice Noodles（卷筒粉）can be found around most streets of Guangxi, which is in South Central China.The famous snack Snail Rice Noodles is also called luosifen in Chinese. Luosifen is usually sold at roadside stands（路边摊）in night market in Guangxi. It is cooked easily and tastes good! The dish is made up of rice noodles boiled and served in soup made from river snails and pork bones which are cooked for hours.The food was listed as part of Liuzhou’s intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产）in 2008 and became popular after being introduced in the program A bite of China（舌尖上的中国）in 2012.Since then, luosifen restaurants have developed quickly across the country. Many restaurants have been set up in Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong. It is becoming a popular snack at home and abroad. It’s said that 28.4 mi llion bags of luosifen were sold on Taobao last year, becoming the most popular snack in the online market. It was also one of the best-selling foods during COVID-19 outbreak（爆发）in China.Besides the traditional export （出口）markets, including the US, Australia, France, the food has also been sent to new markets such as Singapore and New Zealand.44．What kind of food was NOT mentioned in the article?______A．Lemon Duck. B．Guilin Rice Noodles.C．Snail Rice Noodles. D．Rolled Rice Noodles.45．Luosifen restaurants have developed quickly across the country since the year ______. A．2008 B．2012 C．2019 D．202146．Why was luosifen one of the best-selling foods during COVID-19 outbreak in China? A．Because it could help to fight the COVID-19.B．Because we wouldn’t make luosifen any more.C．Because it could bring good luck to us Chinese.D．Because it was very convenient and delicious.47．Which of the following countries is the new market for selling luosifen according to the article?______A．US. B．Australia. C．France D．New Zealand.【母题来源】（2021·江苏常州市·中考真题）【母题题文5】In modern times, our clothes seem good enough to meet our needs both in color and style. However, are you impatient with washing your clothes so often? Are you tired of the same color? If your answer is “Yes”, let’s meet the fashion in the future.Sun-No-SpotTo clean this shirt, just stand in the sun! A special material on the surface receives UV light from the sun. This heats it up enough to make stains(污渍) missing. You stay cool, but stains disappear! Some stains disappear in minutes — others might take a day.New Fabric SuitAre you sick of holes in your clothes? This new material repairs itself! If this cloth gets a hole, just rub(搓揉) the broken place quickly. Heat from the rubbing will cause the materials to connect with each other again, repairing the hole. Hole? What hole?New Wiggle VigorThis cloth gets a charge(充电) from running around. As you move, the thin wires in the material turn your movement into power. This can charge a computer, an ipad, a hair-dryer, and many other small things that need power.Chameleon ClothTired of the same old look? How about clothes that change colors? This material is made with dyes(染料) that change colors when they get warm. A small battery heats up thin metal threads(金属线) in the cloth, to change colors or forms.57．If your Sun-No-Spot shirt is dirty with stains, what can you do to clean it?______A．Warm it in the sun. B．Rub it quickly.C．Connect it to a computer. D．Change its color.58．If your mobile phone has no power, which one can help you?______A．Sun-No-Spot. B．New Fabric Suit. C．New Wiggle Vigor. D．Chameleon Cloth. 59．Which of the next pictures goes well with Chameleon Cloth?______A．B．C．D．【母题来源】（2021·辽宁鞍山市·中考真题）【母题题文6】In recent years, red tourism（旅游业）has developed quickly and is expected to become more and more popular as the nation celebrates the 100th anniversary（周年纪念日）of the Communist Party ofChina（CPC）（中国共产党）. And people’s hopes of learning and experiencing revolutionary（革命的）history and culture have become stronger.From 2004 to 2019, national red tourism resources（资源）continued to increase and tourists visited an increasing number of revolutionary cultural relics（文物）. The number of such trips made by people increased from 140 million to 1.4 billion（十亿）over the same period and more and more people go to these red tourism areas, such as Yan’an in Shanxi Province.In Pingshan, Hebei Province, where Xibaipo is located（位于）, people have depended on red tourism to develop farmhouses, gardens and tourist shops. This has helped to provide jobs for more than 80,000 local people.Red tourism has not only met people’s travel needs but also their strong wishes for knowledge on revolutionary traditions. This has led to the economic（经济上的）development of old revolutionary areas. As the 100th anniversary of the CPC is coming, the Ministry（部）of Culture and Tourism will further develop red tourism and provide people with better products and services based on Party history education. Protection of revolutionary relics will also become stronger.74．The Communist Party of China was founded（建立）______.A．in 1911 B．in 1921 C．in 1931 D．in 194975．Xibaipo is located in ______.A．Hebei Province B．Hubei Province C．Henan Province D．Shanxi Province 76．Traveling to old revolutionary areas has led to the ______ of these areas.A．development of science B．development of artC．environmental protection D．economic development77．As the 100th anniversary of the CPC is coming, better products and services based on ______ will be provided.A．ancient history B．modern art C．cultural relics D．Party history education 78．The best title of the passage can be “______.”A．Tourist Shops B．Farmhouses C．Red Tourism D．Beautiful Gardens【考试方向】＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。

计算机专业英语课后题答案汇总

课后题答案.doc第六章Dbcbbaacbd jachgidefb7Ababdadcdb iefjabgdch8Aacacacddc gajidbhcfe9Cbadcdbbbd gbaihecjdf第10章Aadbacdcbd ghfabcjdei计算机专业英语+单词+部分习题计算机专业英语（2008影印版）高等教育出版社共10页KEY TERMS第一单元application software应用软件basic application基本应用软件communication device通信设备compact disc (CD)光盘computer competency计算机能力Connectivity连通性Data数据database file数据库文件desktop computer台式计算机device driver磁盘驱动程序digital versatile disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘digital video disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘document file文档文件end user终端用户floppy disk软盘handheld computer手持计算机hard disk硬盘Hardware硬件High definition高清Information信息information system信息系统information technology信息技术input device输入设备Internet因特网Keyboard键盘mainframe computer大型机Memory内存Microcomputer微型机Microprocessor微处理器midrange computer中型机Minicomputer小型计算机Modem调制解调器Monitor监视器Mouse鼠标Network网络notebook computer笔记本电脑operating system操作系统optical disk光盘output device输出设备palm computer掌上电脑Peoplepersonal digital assistant（PDA）个人数字助理presentation file演示文稿primary storage主存Printer打印机Procedure规程Program程序random access memory随机存储器secondary storage device辅存Software软件specialized application专门应用软件Supercomputer巨型机system software系统软件system unit系统单元tablet PC平板电脑Utility实用程序wireless revolution无线革命worksheet file工作表第三单元analytical graph分析图application software应用软件Autocontent Wizard内容提示向导basic applications基础应用软件bulleted list项目符号列表business suite商业套装软件Button按键Cell单元格character effect字效Chart图表Column列Computer trainer计算机培训员Contextual tab上下文标签Database数据库database management system (DBMS)数据库管理系统database manager数据库管理员Design template设计模板dialog box对话框Document文件Editing编辑Field字段find and replace查找和替换Font字体font size字号Form窗体Format格式Formula公式Function函数Galleries图库grammar checker语法检查器graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面home software家庭软件home suite家庭套装软件Icons图标integrated package集成组件Label标签master slide母板Menu菜单menu bar菜单栏numbered list编号列表numeric entry数值型输入personal software个人软件personal suite个人套装软件Pointer指针presentation graphic图形演示文稿productivity suite生产力套装软件Query查询Range范围Recalculation重算Record记录relational database关系型数据Report报表Ribbons功能区、格式栏Row行Sheet工作表Slide幻灯片software suite软件套装Sort排序specialized applications专用应用程序specialized suite专用套装软件speech recognition语音识别spelling checker拼写检查器spreadsheet电子表格system software系统软件Table表格text entry文本输入Thesaurus[θis?:r?s]分类词汇集Toolbar工具栏user interface用户界面utility suite实用套装软件what-if analysis变化分析Window窗口word processor文字处理软件word wrap字回行workbook file工作簿Worksheet工作表第四单元Animation动画artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能artificial reality虚拟现实audio editing software音频编辑软件bitmap image位图Blog博客Buttons按键clip art剪辑图Desktop publisher桌面发布desktop publishing program桌面印刷系统软件drawing program绘图程序expert systems专家系统Flash动画fuzzy logic模糊逻辑graphical map框图graphics suite集成图HTML editors HTML编辑器illustration program绘图程序Image editors图像编辑器image gallery图库immersive experience沉浸式体验industrial robots工业机器人Interactivity交互性knowledge bases知识库knowledge-based system知识库系统Link链接mobile robot移动式遥控装置Morphing渐变Multimedia多媒体multimedia authoring programs多媒体编辑程序page layout program页面布局程序perception systems robot感知系统机器人Photo editors图像编辑器Pixel[piks?l]像素raster image光栅图像Robot机器人Robotics机器人学stock photographs照片库story boards故事版Vector[vekt?]矢量vector illustration矢量图vector image矢量图象video editing software视频编辑软件virtual environments虚拟环境virtual reality虚拟现实virtual reality modeling language (VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall虚拟现实墙VR虚拟现实Web authoring网络编程Web authoring program网络编辑程序Web log网络日志Web page editor网页编辑器Add Printer Wizard添加打印机向导Antivirus program反病毒程序Backup备份backup program备份程序Booting启动、引导cold boot冷启动computer support specialist计算机支持专家Dashboard widgets仪表盘Desktop桌面desktop operating system桌面操作系统device driver磁盘驱动程序diagnostic program诊断程序dialog box对话框Disk Cleanup磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter磁盘碎片整理器Driver驱动器embedded operating systems嵌入式操作系统File文件file compression program文件压缩程序Folder文件夹Fragmented碎片化graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面Help帮助Icon图标language translator语言编译器leopard[lep?d]雪豹操作系统LinuxMac OS Mac操作系统Mac OS XMenu菜单Multitasking多任务处理network operating systems(NOS)网络操作系统network server网络服务器One Button Checkup一键修复operating system操作系统Platform平台Pointer指针Sectors[sekt?]扇区software environment软件环境Spotlight聚光灯stand-alone operating system独立操作系统system software系统软件Tiger老虎操作系统troubleshooting program故障检修程序Uninstall program卸载程序UNIXuser interface用户界面Utility实用程序utility suite实用套装软件Virus[vai?r?s]病毒warm boot热启动Window视窗Windows视窗操作系统Windows Update Windows更新Windows VistaWindows XP第六单元AC adapter 交流适配器Accelerated graphics port(AGP):图形加速端口Arithmetic-logic unit（ALU）:算术逻辑单元Arithmetic operation:算术运算ASCII美国标准信息交换码Binary coding schemes:二进制编码制Bit:位Bus:总线Bus line:总线Byte:字节Cable:电缆Cache memory:高速缓存carrier package 封装物Central processing unit (CPU):中央处理器Chip:芯片Clock speed时钟速度Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor:互补金属氧化物半导体Computer technician计算机工程师Control unit:控制单元Coprocessor协处理器Desktop system unit:桌面系统单元Digital数字的Dual-core chips双核芯片EBCDIC:扩展二进制编码的十进制交换码Expansion bus扩展总线Expansion card扩展卡Expansion slot扩展槽FireWire port:火线接口Flash memory闪存Graphics card图形适配卡Graphics coprocessor图形协处理器Handheld computer system unit 手持计算机系统单元Industry standard architecture（ISA）工业标准结构Infrared Data Association（IrDA）红外线传输模组Integrated circuit:集成电路Laptop computer膝式计算机Logical operation逻辑运算Microprocessor:微处理器Motherboard:主板Musical instrument digital interface（MIDI）乐器数字接口Network adapter card网络适配卡Network interface card（NIC）网络接口卡Notebook system unit:笔记本Parallel ports:并行端口Parallel processing并行处理Pc card: :个人计算机插卡PCI Express（PCIe）Peripheral component interconnect (PCI):外围部件互联Personal digital assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理Plug and play:即插即用Port:端口Power supply unit 供电设备Processor:处理器RAM cache: RAM高速缓存Random-access memory (RAM):随机存储器Read-only memory (ROM):只读存储器RFID tag射频识别标签Semiconductor:半导体serial ATA（SATA）串行A TA接口规范Serial ports:串行端口Silicon chip:硅芯片Slot:插槽Smart card:智能卡sound card声卡System board:系统板System cabinet:主机System clock:系统时钟System unit:系统单元tablet PC平板式电脑tablet PC system unit平板式电脑系统单元TV tuner card:电视调频卡Unicode:统一字符编码标准Universal serial bus (USB):通用串行总线Universal serial bus (USB) port:通用串行总线端口Virtual memory:虚拟存储器Word:字第七单元active-matrix monitor有源矩阵显示器bar code条形码bar code reader条形码阅读器cathode ray tube monitor (CRT)阴极射线管显示器Clarity清晰度combination key组合键cordless mouse无线鼠标data projector数据投影仪digital camera数码照相机Digital media player数字媒体播放器Digital music player数码音乐播放器digital video camera数码影像摄录机dot pitch点距dot-matrix printer针式打印机dots-per-inch (dpi)点每英寸dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器dumb terminal哑终端e-book电子图书阅读器ergonomic keyboard人体工程学键盘Fax machine传真机flat-panel monitor平面显示器Flatbed scanner平板扫描仪flexible keyboard可变形键盘handwriting recognition software手写识别软件Headphones耳机high-definition television (HDTV)高清电视ink-jet printer喷墨打印机intelligent terminal智能终端Internet telephone网络电话Internet telephony网络电话IP Telephony IP电话Joystick游戏杆Keyboard键盘laser printer激光打印机light pen光笔Liquid crystal display（LCD）液晶显示器Magnetic card reader磁卡阅读器magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)磁性墨水字符识别mechanical mouse机械鼠标Monitor显示器Mouse鼠标mouse pointer鼠标指针multifunction device (MFD)多功能设备network terminal网络终端numeric keypad数字小键盘optical-character recognition (OCR)光学字符识别optical-mark recognition (OMR)光学标记识别optical mouse光电鼠标Optical scanner光电扫描仪passive-matrix monitor无源矩阵显示器PDA keyboard PDA键盘personal laser printer个人激光打印机photo printer照片打印机picture elements 有效像素Pixel像素Pixel pitch像素间距platform scanner平版式扫描仪Plotter绘图仪pointing stick触控点portable printer便携式打印机portable scanner便携式扫描仪Printer打印机Radio frequency card reader射频卡阅读器Radio frequency identification（RFID）射频识别refresh rate刷新率Resolution分辨率roller ball滚动球shared laser printer共享激光打印机Speakers扬声器Stylus[stail?s]输入笔Technical writer技术文档编写员telephony[tilef?ni]电话Terminal终端thermal printer[θ?:m?l]热敏打印机thin client瘦客户端thin film transistor monitor (TFT)薄膜晶体管显示器toggle key[t?ɡl]切换键touch pad触控板touch screen触摸屏Trackball轨迹球traditional keyboard传统键盘Universal Product Code (UPC)同一产品编码voice-over IP (VoIP)网络电话voice recognition system语音识别系统wand reader棒式阅读器WebCam摄像头wheel button滚动键wireless keyboard无线键盘wireless mouse无线鼠标第八单元access speed存取速度Blu-Ray（BD）蓝光Capacity容量CD (compact disc)光盘CD-R (CD-recordable)可录式CDCD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory)光盘库CD-RW (compact disc rewritable)可重写CDCylinder[silind?]柱面Density密度direct access直接存取disk caching磁盘缓存DVD(digital versatile disc or digital video disc)DVD player DVD播放器DVD- R (DVD recordable)可录式DVDDVD +R (DVD recordable)可录式DVDDVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD随机存取器DVD-ROM(DVD random-read-only memory)DVD只读存储器DVD-ROM jukeboxDVD-RW (DVD rewritable)可重写DVDEnterprise storage system企业存储系统erasable optical disk可擦光盘file compression文件压缩file decompression文件解压缩File server文件服务器flash memory card闪存卡floppy disk软盘Floppy disk cartridge软盘盒floppy disk drive (FDD)软磁盘驱动器hard disk硬盘hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒hard-disk pack硬盘组HD DVD(high-definition DVD)高清DVDhead crash磁头碰撞Hi def(high definition)高清high capacity disk高容量磁盘internal hard disk内置硬盘Internet hard drive网络硬盘驱动器Label标签Land平地magnetic tape磁带magnetic tape reel磁带盒magnetic tape streamer磁带条Media多媒体optical disk光盘optical disk drive光盘驱动器Organizational Internet storage组织性网络存储PC Card hard disk PC卡硬盘Pit坑primary storage主存RAID system磁碟阵列系统Redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列secondary storage辅存Sector扇区sequential access顺序存取Shutter滑盖Software engineer软件工程师solid-state storage固态存储器storage devices存储装置tape cartridge盒式带Track轨道USB drive USB驱动器write-protection notch写入保护缺口第九单元3G cellular networkanalog signal 模拟信号asymmetric digital subscriber line（ADSL）非对称数字用户线路Backbone中枢Bandwidth带宽base station基址bits per second位/秒Bluetooth 蓝牙Broadband宽带broadcast radio无线广播Bus总线bus network总线网络cable modem电缆调制解调器cellular service无线服务Client 客户client/server network system客户/服务网络系统coaxial cable同轴电缆communication channel 信道communication system 通信系统computer network计算机网络Connectivity连通性Demodulation 解调dial-up service拨号服务digital signal数字信号digital subscriber line (DSL)数字用户线路distributed data processing分布式数据处理系统distributed processing分布处理domain name server (DNS)域名服务Ethernet以太网external modem外置调制解调器Extranet外联网fiber-optic cable 光纤电缆Firewall防火墙global positioning system (GPS)全球卫星定位系统hierarchical network树型网络home network家庭网络host computer主机Hub集线器Infrared红外线internal modem 内置式调制解调器Intranet内联网IP address (Internet Protocol address)IP地址local area network (LAN)局域网low bandwidth低频带宽medium band 中频波段metropolitan area network (MAN) 城域网Microwave微波Modem调制解调器Modulation调制network administrator网络管理员network architecture网络体系结构network gateway 网关network hub 网络集线器network interface card (NIC)网络接口卡network operating system (NOS)网络操作系统Node 节点Packet 数据包PC card modem PC卡调制解调器peer-to-peer network system 对等网络系统Polling 轮流检测Protocol协议proxy server代理服务器ring network环型网络Satellite卫星satellite/air connection service卫星互连服务Server服务器star network 星型网络Strategy策略T1, T2, T3, T4 linestelephone line电话线terminal network 终端网络time-sharing system并发式系统Topology拓扑结构transfer rate传输率TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol)传输控制协议/因特网协议voiceband声音带宽wide area network (W AN)广域网Wi-FI (wireless fidelity)无限保真wireless LAN (WLAN)无线局域网wireless modem无线调制解调器wireless receiver无线接收器课后习题答案：Ch1: Ch6:bbabd,dacdd; eichafgbdj. dbcbb,aacbd; jachgidefb.Ch3: Ch7:dcbdd,abccb; jachbdiegf. Ababd,adcdb; iefjabgdch.Ch4: Ch8:aaaba,bcbab; igdecfhbja. dacac,acddc; gajidbhcfe.Ch5: Ch9:cdcaa,cbbac; gdfbghaeic. abadc,dbbbd; gbaidecjhf.中英文对照的ERP专业词汇介绍:B2C、B2B、ASP、APS、BOM、C/S、CAD、CAM、CPC、EDI、GUI、ISO、MIS、PM、SCM、SQL、TQM、line item、planned capacity、rated capacity、virtual warehouse……1 ABM Activity-based Management 基于作业活动管理2 AO Application Outsourcing 应用程序外包3 APICS American Production and Inventory Control Society,Inc 美国生产与库存管理协会4 APICS Applied Manufacturing Education Series 实用制造管理系列培训教材5 APO Advanced Planning and Optimization 先进计划及优化技术6 APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling 高级计划与排程技术7 ASP Application Service/Software Provider 应用服务/软件供应商8 ATO Assemble To Order 定货组装9 ATP Available To Promise 可供销售量(可签约量)10 B2B Business to Business 企业对企业(电子商务)11 B2C Business to Consumer 企业对消费者(电子商务)12 B2G Business to Government 企业对政府(电子商务)13 B2R Business to Retailer 企业对经销商(电子商务)14 BIS Business Intelligence System 商业智能系统15 BOM Bill Of Materials 物料清单16 BOR Bill Of Resource 资源清单17 BPR Business Process Reengineering 业务/企业流程重组18 BPM Business Process Management 业务/企业流程管理19 BPS Business Process Standard 业务/企业流程标准20 C/S Client/Server(C/S)\Browser/Server(B/S) 客户机/服务器\浏览器/服务器21 CAD Computer-Aided Design 计算机辅助设计22 CAID Computer-Aided Industrial Design 计算机辅助工艺设计23 CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造24 CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning 计算机辅助工艺设计25 CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering 计算机辅助软件工程26 CC Collaborative Commerce 协同商务27 CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing System 计算机集成制造系统28 CMM Capability Maturity Model 能力成熟度模型29 COMMS Customer Oriented Manufacturing Management System 面向客户制造管理系统30 CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 通用对象请求代理结构31 CPC Collaborative Product Commerce 协同产品商务32 CPIM Certified Production and Inventory Management 生产与库存管理认证资格33 CPM Critical Path Method 关键线路法34 CRM Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理35 CRP capacity requirements planning 能力需求计划36 CTI Computer Telephony Integration 电脑电话集成(呼叫中心)37 CTP Capable to Promise 可承诺的能力38 DCOM Distributed Component Object Model 分布式组件对象模型39 DCS Distributed Control System 分布式控制系统40 DMRP Distributed MRP 分布式MRP41 DRP Distribution Resource Planning 分销资源计划42 DSS Decision Support System 决策支持系统43 DTF Demand Time Fence 需求时界44 DTP Delivery to Promise 可承诺的交货时间45 EAI Enterprise Application Integration 企业应用集成46 EAM Enterprise Assets Management 企业资源管理47 ECM Enterprise Commerce Management 企业商务管理48 ECO Engineering Change Order 工程变更订单49 EDI Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换50 EDP Electronic Data Processing 电子数据处理51 EEA Extended Enterprise Applications 扩展企业应用系统52 EIP Enterprise Information Portal 企业信息门户53 EIS Executive Information System 高层领导信息系统54 EOI Economic Order Interval 经济定货周期55 EOQ Economic Order Quantity 经济订货批量(经济批量法)56 EPA Enterprise Proficiency Analysis 企业绩效分析57 ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源计划58 ERM Enterprise Resource Management 企业资源管理59 ETO Engineer To Order 专项设计，按订单设计60 FAS Final Assembly Schedule 最终装配计划61 FCS Finite Capacity Scheduling 有限能力计划62 FMS Flexible Manufacturing System 柔性制造系统63 FOQ Fixed Order Quantity 固定定货批量法64 GL General Ledger 总账65 GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面66 HRM Human Resource Management 人力资源管理67 HRP Human Resource Planning 人力资源计划68 IE Industry Engineering/Internet Exploration 工业工程/浏览器69 ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织70 ISP Internet Service Provider 互联网服务提供商71 ISPE International Society for Productivity Enhancement 国际生产力促进会72 IT/GT Information/Group Technology 信息/成组技术73 JIT Just In Time 准时制造/准时制生产74 KPA Key Process Areas 关键过程域75 KPI Key Performance Indicators 关键业绩指标76 LP Lean Production 精益生产77 MES Manufacturing Executive System 制造执行系统78 MIS Management Information System 管理信息系统79 MPS Master Production Schedule 主生产计划80 MRP Material Requirements Planning 物料需求计划81 MRPII Manufacturing Resource Planning 制造资源计划82 MTO Make To Order 定货(订货)生产83 MTS Make To Stock 现货(备货)生产84 OA Office Automation 办公自动化85 OEM Original Equipment Manufacturing 原始设备制造商86 OPT Optimized Production Technology 最优生产技术87 OPT Optimized Production Timetable 最优生产时刻表88 PADIS Production And Decision Information System 生产和决策管理信息系统89 PDM Product Data Management 产品数据管理90 PERT Program Evaluation Research Technology 计划评审技术91 PLM Production Lifecycle Management 产品生命周期管理92 PM Project Management 项目管理93 POQ Period Order Quantity 周期定量法94 PRM Partner Relationship Management 合作伙伴关系管理95 PTF Planned Time Fence 计划时界96 PTX Private Trade Exchange 自用交易网站97 RCCP Rough-Cut Capacity Planning 粗能力计划98 RDBM Relational Data Base Management 关系数据库管理99 RPM Rapid Prototype Manufacturing 快速原形制造100 RRP Resource Requirements Planning 资源需求计划101 SCM Supply Chain Management 供应链管理102 SCP Supply Chain Partnership 供应链合作伙伴关系103 SFA Sales Force Automation 销售自动化104 SMED Single-Minute Exchange Of Dies 快速换模法105 SOP Sales And Operation Planning 销售与运作规划106 SQL Structure Query Language 结构化查询语言107 TCO Total Cost Ownership 总体运营成本108 TEI Total Enterprise Integration 全面企业集成109 TOC Theory Of Constraints/Constraints managemant 约束理论/约束管理110 TPM Total Productive Maintenance 全员生产力维护111 TQC Total Quality Control 全面质量控制112 TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理113 WBS Work Breakdown System 工作分解系统114 XML eXtensible Markup Language 可扩展标记语言115 ABC Classification(Activity Based Classification) ABC分类法116 ABC costing 作业成本法117 ABC inventory control ABC 库存控制118 abnormal demand 反常需求119 acquisition cost ,ordering cost 定货费120 action message 行为/活动(措施)信息121 action report flag 活动报告标志122 activity cost pool 作业成本集123 activity-based costing(ABC) 作业基准成本法/业务成本法124 actual capacity 实际能力125 adjust on hand 调整现有库存量126 advanced manufacturing technology 先进制造技术127 advanced pricing 高级定价系统128 AM Agile Manufacturing 敏捷制造129 alternative routing 替代工序(工艺路线)130 Anticipated Delay Report 拖期预报131 anticipation inventory 预期储备132 apportionment code 分摊码133 assembly parts list 装配零件表134 automated storage/retrieval system 自动仓储/检索系统135 Automatic Rescheduling 计划自动重排136 available inventory 可达到库存137 available material 可用物料138 available stock 达到库存139 available work 可利用工时140 average inventory 平均库存141 back order 欠交(脱期)订单142 back scheduling 倒排(序)计划/倒序排产?143 base currency 本位币144 batch number 批号145 batch process 批流程146 batch production 批量生产147 benchmarking 标杆瞄准(管理)148 bill of labor 工时清单149 bill of lading 提货单150 branch warehouse 分库151 bucketless system 无时段系统152 business framework 业务框架153 business plan 经营规划154 capacity level 能力利用水平155 capacity load 能力负荷156 capacity management 能力管理157 carrying cost 保管费158 carrying cost rate 保管费率159 cellular manufacturing 单元式制造160 change route 修改工序161 change structure 修改产品结构162 check point 检查点163 closed loop MRP 闭环MRP164 Common Route Code(ID) 通用工序标识165 component-based development 组件(构件)开发技术166 concurrent engineering 并行(同步)工程167 conference room pilot 会议室模拟168 configuration code 配置代码169 continuous improvement 进取不懈170 continuous process 连续流程171 cost driver 作业成本发生因素172 cost driver rate 作业成本发生因素单位费用173 cost of stockout 短缺损失174 cost roll-up 成本滚动计算法175 crew size 班组规模176 critical part 急需零件177 critical ratio 紧迫系数178 critical work center 关键工作中心179 CLT Cumulative Lead Time 累计提前期180 current run hour 现有运转工时181 current run quantity 现有运转数量182 customer care 客户关怀183 customer deliver lead time 客户交货提前期184 customer loyalty 客户忠诚度185 customer order number 客户订单号186 customer satisfaction 客户满意度187 customer status 客户状况188 cycle counting 周期盘点189 DM Data Mining 数据挖掘190 Data Warehouse 数据仓库191 days offset 偏置天数192 dead load 空负荷193 demand cycle 需求周期194 demand forecasting 需求预测195 demand management 需求管理196 Deming circle 戴明环197 demonstrated capacity 实际能力198 discrete manufacturing 离散型生产199 dispatch to 调度200 DRP Distribution Requirements Planning 分销需求计划201 drop shipment 直运202 dunning letter 催款信203 ECO workbench ECO工作台204 employee enrolled 在册员工205 employee tax id 员工税号206 end item 最终产品207 engineering change mode flag 工程变更方式标志208 engineering change notice 工程变更通知209 equipment distribution 设备分配210 equipment management 设备管理211 exception control 例外控制212 excess material analysis 呆滞物料分析213 expedite code 急送代码214 external integration 外部集成215 fabrication order 加工订单216 factory order 工厂订单217 fast path method 快速路径法218 fill backorder 补足欠交219 final assembly lead time 总装提前期220 final goods 成品221 finite forward scheduling 有限顺排计划222 finite loading 有限排负荷223 firm planned order 确认的计划订单224 firm planned time fence 确认计划需求时界225 FPR Fixed Period Requirements 定期用量法226 fixed quantity 固定数量法227 fixed time 固定时间法228 floor stock 作业现场库存229 flow shop 流水车间230 focus forecasting 调焦预测231 forward scheduling 顺排计划232 freeze code 冻结码233 freeze space 冷冻区234 frozen order 冻结订单235 gross requirements 毛需求236 hedge inventory 囤积库存237 in process inventory 在制品库存238 in stock 在库239 incrementing 增值240 indirect cost 间接成本241 indirect labor 间接人工242 infinite loading 无限排负荷243 input/output control 投入/产出控制244 inspection ID 检验标识245 integrity 完整性246 inter companies 公司内部间247 interplant demands 厂际需求量248 inventory carry rate 库存周转率249 inventory cycle time 库存周期250 inventory issue 库存发放251 inventory location type 仓库库位类型252 inventory scrap 库存报废量253 inventory transfers 库存转移254 inventory turns/turnover 库存(资金)周转次数255 invoice address 发票地址256 invoice amount gross 发票金额257 invoice schedule 发票清单258 issue cycle 发放周期259 issue order 发送订单260 issue parts 发放零件261 issue policy 发放策略262 item availability 项目可供量263 item description 项目说明264 item number 项目编号265 item record 项目记录266 item remark 项目备注267 item status 项目状态268 job shop 加工车间269 job step 作业步骤270 kit item 配套件项目271 labor hour 人工工时272 late days 延迟天数273 lead time 提前期274 lead time level 提前期水平275 lead time offset days 提前期偏置(补偿)天数276 least slack per operation 最小单个工序平均时差277 line item 单项产品278 live pilot 应用模拟279 load leveling 负荷量280 load report 负荷报告281 location code 仓位代码282 location remarks 仓位备注283 location status 仓位状况284 lot for lot 按需定货(因需定量法/缺补法)285 lot ID 批量标识286 lot number 批量编号287 lot number traceability 批号跟踪288 lot size 批量289 lot size inventory 批量库存290 lot sizing 批量规划291 low level code 低层(位)码292 machine capacity 机器能力293 machine hours 机时294 machine loading 机器加载295 maintenance ,repair,and operating supplies 维护修理操作物料296 make or buy decision 外购或自制决策297 management by exception 例外管理法298 manufacturing cycle time 制造周期时间299 manufacturing lead time 制造提前期300 manufacturing standards 制造标准301 master scheduler 主生产计划员302 material 物料303 material available 物料可用量304 material cost 物料成本305 material issues and receipts 物料发放和接收306 material management 物料管理307 material manager 物料经理308 material master,item master 物料主文件309 material review board 物料核定机构310 measure of velocity 生产速率水平311 memory-based processing speed 基于存储的处理速度312 minimum balance 最小库存余量313 Modern Materials Handling 现代物料搬运314 month to date 月累计315 move time , transit time 传递时间316 MSP book flag MPS登录标志317 multi-currency 多币制318 multi-facility 多场所319 multi-level 多级320 multi-plant management 多工厂管理321 multiple location 多重仓位322 net change 净改变法323 net change MRP 净改变式MRP324 net requirements 净需求325 new location 新仓位326 new parent 新组件327 new warehouse 新仓库328 next code 后续编码329 next number 后续编号330 No action report 不活动报告331 non-nettable 不可动用量332 on demand 急需的333 on-hand balance 现有库存量334 on hold 挂起335 on time 准时336 open amount 未清金额337 open order 未结订单/开放订单338 order activity rules 订单活动规则339 order address 订单地址340 order entry 订单输入341 order point 定货点342 order point system 定货点法343 order policy 定货策略344 order promising 定货承诺345 order remarks 定货备注346 ordered by 定货者347 overflow location 超量库位348 overhead apportionment/allocation 间接费分配349 overhead rate,burden factor,absorption rate 间接费率350 owner's equity 所有者权益351 parent item 母件352 part bills 零件清单353 part lot 零件批次354 part number 零件编号355 people involvement 全员参治356 performance measurement 业绩评价357 physical inventory 实际库存358 picking 领料/提货359 planned capacity 计划能力360 planned order 计划订单361 planned order receipts 计划产出量362 planned order releases 计划投入量363 planning horizon 计划期/计划展望期364 point of use 使用点365 Policy and procedure 工作准则与工作规程366 price adjustments 价格调整367 price invoice 发票价格368 price level 物价水平369 price purchase order 采购订单价格370 priority planning 优先计划371 processing manufacturing 流程制造372 product control 产品控制373 product family 产品系列374 product mix 产品搭配组合375 production activity control 生产作业控制376 production cycle 生产周期377 production line 产品线378 production rate 产品率379 production tree 产品结构树380 PAB Projected Available Balance 预计可用库存(量) 381 purchase order tracking 采购订单跟踪382 quantity allocation 已分配量383 quantity at location 仓位数量384 quantity backorder 欠交数量385 quantity completion 完成数量386 quantity demand 需求量387 quantity gross 毛需求量388 quantity in 进货数量389 quantity on hand 现有数量390 quantity scrapped 废品数量391 quantity shipped 发货数量392 queue time 排队时间393 rated capacity 额定能力394 receipt document 收款单据395 reference number 参考号396 regenerated MRP 重生成式MRP397 released order 下达订单398 reorder point 再订购点399 repetitive manufacturing 重复式生产(制造)400 replacement parts 替换零件401 required capacity 需求能力402 requisition orders 请购单403 rescheduling assumption 重排假设404 resupply order 补库单405 rework bill 返工单406 roll up 上滚407 rough cut resource planning 粗资源计划408 rounding amount 舍入金额409 run time 加工(运行)时间410 safety lead time 安全提前期411 safety stock 安全库存412 safety time 保险期413 sales order 销售订单414 scheduled receipts 计划接收量(预计入库量/预期到货量) 415 seasonal stock 季节储备416 send part 发送零件417 service and support 服务和支持418 service parts 维修件419 set up time 准备时间420 ship address 发运地址421 ship contact 发运单联系人422 ship order 发货单423 shop calendar 工厂日历(车间日历)424 shop floor control 车间作业管理(控制)425 shop order , work order 车间订单426 shrink factor 损耗因子(系数)427 single level where used 单层物料反查表428 standard cost system 标准成本体系429 standard hours 标准工时430 standard product cost 标准产品成本431 standard set up hour 标准机器设置工时432 standard unit run hour 标准单位运转工时433 standard wage rate 标准工资率434 status code 状态代码435 stores control 库存控制436 suggested work order 建议工作单437 supply chain 供应链438 synchronous manufacturing 同步制造/同期生产439 time bucket 时段(时间段)。

高三英语信息技术单选题50题

高三英语信息技术单选题50题6.She often _____ documents in the office software.A.editsB.makesC.createsD.designs答案：A。

本题考查动词在信息技术语境中的运用。

“edit”有“编辑”之意，在办公室软件中经常是编辑文档，符合语境。

“makes”通常指制作，范围比较宽泛，不如“edits”具体；“creates”强调创造新的东西，编辑文档不是创造新文档；“designs”主要是设计，与编辑文档的语境不符。

7.He _____ a new folder to store his files.A.buildsB.makesC.createsD.forms答案：C。

“create”有创建之意，创建新文件夹用“creates”比较合适。

“builds”通常用于建造较大的实体物体；“makes”制作的对象比较宽泛，不如“creates”准确；“forms”主要指形成某种形状或结构，不太适合创建文件夹的语境。

8.She _____ a file by mistake and had to restore it.A.deletedB.removedC.lostD.discarded答案：A。

“delete”表示删除，不小心删除了文件符合语境。

“removed”通常指移除某个物体，不一定是删除文件；“lost”是丢失，不一定是主动删除导致的；“discarded”侧重于丢弃不要的东西，不如“deleted”准确。

9.He _____ the file to another location.A.movedB.shiftedC.transferredD.carried答案：C。

“transfer”有转移、传送之意，把文件转移到另一个位置用“transferred”比较恰当。

“moved”和“shifted”比较笼统，没有“transfer”在信息技术语境中那么准确；“carried”通常指携带，不太适合文件转移的语境。

学术英语课后答案 unit1

学术英语理工教师手册Unit 1 Choosing a TopicI Teaching ObjectivesIn this unit , you will learn how to:1.choose a particular topic for your research2.formulate a research question3.write a working title for your research essay4.enhance your language skills related with reading and listening materials presented in this unit II. Teaching Procedures1.Deciding on a topicTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 No, because they all seem like a subject rather than a topic, a subject which cannot be addressed even by a whole book, let alone by a1500-wordessay.2Each of them can be broken down into various and more specific aspects. For example, cancer can be classified into breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and so on. Breast cancer can have such specific topics for research as causes for breast cancer, effects of breast cancer and prevention or diagnosis of breast cancer.3 Actually the topics of each field are endless. Take breast cancer for example, we can have the topics like:Why Women Suffer from Breast Cancer More Than Men?A New Way to Find Breast TumorsSome Risks of Getting Breast Cancer in Daily LifeBreast Cancer and Its Direct Biological ImpactBreast Cancer—the Symptoms & DiagnosisBreastfeeding and Breast CancerTask 31 Text 1 illustrates how hackers or unauthorized users use one way or another to get inside a computer, while Text2 describes the various electronic threats a computer may face.2 Both focus on the vulnerability of a computer.3 Text 1 analyzes the ways of computer hackers, while Text 2 describes security problems of a computer.4 Text 1: The way hackers “get inside” a computerText 2: Electronic threats a computer facesYes, I think they are interesting, important, manageable and adequate.Task 41Lecture1:Ten Commandments of Computer EthicsLecture 2:How to Deal with Computer HackersLecture 3:How I Begin to Develop Computer Applications2Answersmay vary.Task 5Answers may vary.2 Formulating a research questionTask 1Text 3Research question 1: How many types of cloud services are there and what are they? Research question 2: What is green computing?Research question 3: What are advantages of the cloud computing?Text 4Research question 1: What is the Web 3.0?Research question 2: What are advantages and disadvantages of the cloud computing? Research question 3: What security benefits can the cloud computing provide?Task 22 Topic2: Threats of Artificial IntelligenceResearch questions:1) What are the threats of artificial intelligence?2) How can human beings control those threats?3) What are the difficulties to control those threats?3 Topic3: The Potentials of NanotechnologyResearch questions:1) What are its potentials in medicine?2) What are its potentials in space exploration?3) What are its potentials in communications?4 Topic4: Global Warming and Its EffectsResearch questions:1) How does it affect the pattern of climates?2) How does it affect economic activities?3) How does it affect human behavior?Task 3Answers may vary.3 Writing a working titleTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 Lecture 4 is about the security problems of cloud computing, while Lecture 5 is about the definition and nature of cloud computing, hence it is more elementary than Lecture 4.2 The four all focus on cloud computing. Although Lecture 4 and Text 4 address the same topic, the former is less optimistic while the latter has more confidence in the security of cloud computing. Text3 illustrates the various advantages of cloud computing.3 Lecture 4: Cloud Computing SecurityLecture 5: What Is Cloud Computing?Task 3Answers may vary.4 Enhancing your academic languageReading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from（从……到）arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对……误解）leaves a lot of problems unsolved（留下很多问题没有得到解决）opens a path for（打开了通道）requires a different frame of mind（需要有新的思想）4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。

pdf变成英文版

pdf变成英文版PDF to English Version ConversionIntroduction:PDF (Portable Document Format) files are widely used to share and distribute documents, as they preserve the original formatting and can be viewed on different devices and platforms. However, there may be instances where a PDF document needs to be converted into an English version. This article aims to explore the process of converting a PDF into an English version while maintaining accuracy and readability.1. Understanding the Importance of PDF to English Version Conversion:In our increasingly globalized world, English has become the lingua franca of business, academia, and communication. Consequently, it is crucial to have documents available in English to cater to a wider audience. Converting a PDF into an English version ensures accessibility, facilitates collaboration, and enhances the document's effectiveness and reach.2. Choosing the Right Conversion Method:There are several methods available to convert a PDF into an English version. Let's explore two commonly used approaches:a. Manual Conversion:This method involves manually copying the content of the PDF file and pasting it into a word processing software such as Microsoft Word or Google Docs. Once the content is transferred, it can be edited, translated,and formatted as necessary. This method offers flexibility and allows for detailed customization of the translated content.b. Automated Conversion:Automated conversion tools use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology to extract the text from a PDF file and convert it into editable content. These tools can recognize characters and accurately convert them into text. However, it is essential to proofread and edit the converted text to ensure accuracy and eliminate any errors introduced during the conversion process.3. Ensuring Accuracy in the Translation:When converting a PDF into an English version, maintaining accuracy is paramount. Here are some tips to ensure an accurate translation:a. Use a Reliable Translation Service:If the document contains complex technical or specialized terminology, it is advisable to seek professional translation services. Linguistic experts can accurately translate the content, ensuring the precise meaning is conveyed in English.b. Proofreading and Editing:After the conversion, thorough proofreading and editing are necessary to correct any inaccuracies or errors in the translated text. This step helps maintain the integrity and clarity of the original content.4. Formatting and Layout Preservation:Preserving the formatting and layout of the original PDF document is crucial during the conversion process. Here are some guidelines to ensure the English version maintains a clean and appealing appearance:a. Consistent Fonts and Styling:Use consistent fonts and styling throughout the document to maintain a unified look. Ensure that the font styles, sizes, and formatting (such as bold, italics, and underlining) closely match the original document.b. Alignment and Spacing:Pay attention to alignment, spacing, and indentation to replicate the original formatting as closely as possible. Proper spacing between paragraphs, bullet points, and headings enhances readability.c. Tables and Images:Ensure tables and images are accurately transferred to the English version. Adjust any discrepancies in layout as needed to maintain the visual appeal and convey the original information effectively.Conclusion:Converting a PDF into an English version requires attention to detail and accuracy to ensure the document accurately reflects the original content. By selecting the appropriate conversion method, focusing on accurate translation, and preserving formatting and layout, one can successfully transform a PDF into an English version that is both visually appealing and linguistically precise. Embracing such a conversion process enables effectivecommunication and broadens the reach of the document across English-speaking audiences.。

高考英语一轮复习Unit3 Inventorsandinventions课件

8.Twenty-five percent of the students claimed (声称) that it is the family genes that are to blame.
9.The abrupt (突然的) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy.
4.In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn’t any association between them. (associate)
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10.You could hear them singing and dancing merrily (高兴地) out in the street.
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拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.distinguish vi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 → distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的；杰出的
31． associate vt.
联想；联系
n.
同伴；伙伴
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32． practical adj. 33． directory n. 34． dive into 35． set out (to do) 36．call up 37．now and then 38． set about
实际的；实践的；实用的电话簿；商行名录迅速把手伸入；一心投入开始(做) 给……打电话偶尔；有时开始；着手
5.He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesn’t like.(mercy)

2023届徐汇区高三英语二模

2022学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2023.4I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.At the bus stop. B.At the information desk.C.On the platform.D.In the office building.2. A.It was quite a success. B.It was huge.C.It was terrible.D.The music was good.3. A.John’s job transfer. B.The rapid spread of rumour.C.The new project in India.D.John’s quarrel with his wife.4. A.Sell the broken parts. B.Buy a new one.C.Make a profitable investment.D.Have the old one fixed.5. A.They came in different colors. B.They were good value for money.C.They were a very good design.D.They were sold out very quickly.6. A.The woman is wasting his time. B.The woman should use her time wisely.C.He is eager to know the answer.D.The woman does not need to hurry.7. A.She always talks bad about her colleagues.B.She has a good reputation for being honest.C.She is good at handling complicated relationships.D.She has good relations with people around her.8. A.She plans to apply for a part-time job.B.She’s too busy to run for class president.C.She wants the man to help her with her studies.D.She has no interest in running for class president.9. A.She is not in good health for her age. B.She likes the job of feeding fish.C.She finds her new job rewarding.D.She feels unfit for her new job.10. A.It’s hard to buy the tickets on the spot.B.Tickets are cheaper if bought online.C.Free booklets provide discounts for the show.D.The comic show can be watched online.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.Plant ecology. B.The study of insects.C.Marine biology.D.The food chain.12. A.The threat of scientific progress. B.The danger of chemicals pesticides(杀虫剂).C.The possible causes of cancer.D.The natural history of the sea.13. A.It led to a nationwide ban on the use of pesticides in US.B.It received positive feedback as soon as it was published.C.It accused chemical industry of spreading disinformation.D.It laid the foundation for modern agricultural ecosystem.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.To create jobs. B.To increase sales.C.To research markets.D.To introduce products.15. A.Offering detailed information of the product.B.Keeping the customers engaged.C.Capturing the customer’s attention.D.Initiating the customer to make a purchase.16．A.To evaluate the effect of AIDA. B.To display how AIDA works.C.To show how to make a movie.D.To advertise the movie industry.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.To complain about the poor service. B.To order a software for his office.C.To negotiate a lower price.D.To learn about the promotions of a product.18. A.It is a voice recognition software. B.It is a sales management network.C.It is a website monitoring tool.D.It is a microphone manufacturer.19. A.The man didn’t get the discount because he was not ordering online.B.The free microphones with the software are usually very good quality.C.The man failed to order online because one of the servers went wrong.D.The man does not need the microphone included with the software.20. A.By cash. B.By credit card.C.With prepaid card.D.With membership card.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.The Great Voice ActorSince the creation of animated(动画的)motion pictures,the use of actors supplying voices(21)_________(be) invaluable.Behind every famous cartoon character’s personality is the actor standing in the recording booth and(22) _________(stretch)their manner of speaking in unrecognizable ways.For some of these performers,the voices they’ve provided have far surpassed them as people in both recognizability and adoration.Mel Blanc,known as“The Man of Thousand Voices”,(23)_________(regard)as the most prolific actor to ever work in Hollywood with over a thousand screen credits.He developed and performed nearly400distinct character voices.Whether in legendary shorts or lesser-known commercials,Mel Blanc walked so the voice actors of today(24) _________run.Mel Blanc lent his voice to many classic characters,but the one he is best known for is Bugs Bunny.There is little that can be said about Bugs’impact(25)_________hasn’t already been said for decades.The character is(26) _________helped launch Warner Bros.animation into the mainstream.Bugs was even the face of Warner Bros.Family Entertainment,appearing at the beginning of many films.(27)__________________a character may not talk,that doesn’t mean a fair bit of voice acting isn’t involved.Mel provided the various noises of the beloved pet dinosaur,Dino, in The Flintstones.While obviously not as quotable as his caveman companions,every fan knows the excited bark of Dino when he sees his master,Fred,arrive home.In January1961,at the age of52,Blanc was severely injured in a car accident and had to tape his part at home with a microphone(28)_________(suspend)over his bed.Mel Blanc paved the way for voice acting as a true art,though it’s a skill that often goes unrecognized when praise is focused on movies and TV.The characters we all love wouldn’t be where they are in the public eye without(29) _________who put a voice to them.Many recognizable or popular voice actors of our modern era have Blanc(30) _________(thank)for their start,and hope to reach his level of unmatched expertise at bringing countless characters to life the way no one else can.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.OpenAI releases“not fully reliable”tool to detect AI generated content ChatGPT has been creating waves across the internet with its writing ability and responses to requests.The use of ChatGPT has been full of___(31)___.There have been concerns that students can use this tool to___(32)___ AI-generated work and claim it as their own.OpenAI,the research laboratory behind ChatGPT,has released a tool designed to___(33)___whether text has been written by artificial intelligence,but warns it’s not completely reliable–yet.In a blog post on Tuesday,OpenAI linked to a new___(34)___tool that has been trained to distinguish between text written by a human and that written by a variety of AI,not just ChatGPT.The tool could be useful in cases where AI was used for“___(35)___dishonesty”and when AI chatbots were positioned as humans,they said.But they admitted the tool“is not fully reliable”and only correctly identified26%of AI-written English texts.It also incorrectly___(36)___human-written texts as probably written by AI tools9%of the time.“Our classifier’s reliability___(37)___improves as the length of the input text pared to our ___(38)___released classifier,this new classifier is significantly more reliable on text from more recent AI systems.”Since ChatGPT was opened up to public___(39)___,it has given rise to a wave of concern among educational institutions across the world that it could lead to cheating in exams or assessments.Lecturers in the UK are being urged to review the way in which their courses were___(40)___,while some universities have banned the technology entirely and returned to pen-and-paper exams to stop students using AI.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do songs get stuck in the head?Have you ever had a song stuck in your head and,no matter how hard you tried,you could not get rid of it?The song played on and on,whether you were loading the dishwasher,weaving in and out of traffic,or attempting to ___(41)___your mind at the start of yoga class.Having a song stuck in one’s head,known as an earworm,is an experience that over90%of us have on a ___(42)___basis.We’re more likely to catch an earworm after we stop focusing,in moments when the working memory is___(43)___,when we’re relaxed,when work is finished or when we’re a bit sleepy.Certain songs are___(44)___than others,and so more likely to“auto repeat”in your head.There are certain musical characteristics that make songs more likely to become earworms,such as if the piece is repetitive,if there is a longer duration of certain notes,if___(45)___between the notes are smaller.___(46)___,we know that mood can have an impact,with some people reporting that they always get the same earworm when they feel good,or people experiencing a fast-tempo earworm when they are___(47)___.And of course familiarity with a song is a key ___(48)___.Songs that you don’t know very well are less likely to pop up as earworms.If you’ve had enough of your earworm and need to stop it in its tracks,you would be well warned not to try to block the song out,but rather to___(49)___accept it.A determined effort to block the song out may result in the very ___(50)___of what you want.According to psychologist Daniel Wegner,___(51)___the song may make your brain keep playing it over and over again.To get rid of an earworm,you may be best served by simply___(52)___it, accepting it,and leaving it alone to let this phenomenon ends up weakening itself little by little.Some people try to___(53)___themselves from the song,and it works.You can try reading a book,listening to a different song or even playing an instrument.Others___(54)___the tune in question,because it is commonly believed that earworms occur when you remember only part of a song;hearing the entire song may stop it.Neurologists(神经学家)point out that it’s recommendable to chew gum to reduce the___(55)___of an earworm because jaw movement interferes with musical memory.However,it’s important to note that this phenomenon usually lasts less than24hours.41. A.burden B.clear C.alter D.exploit42. A.trial B.solid C.voluntary D.regular43. A.inactive plicated C.dynamic D.uncertain44. A.catchier B.slower C.harsher D.louder45. A.phases B.intervals C.rhythms D.sessions46. A.Instead B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Additionally47. A.alert B.pleased C.remote D.rigid48. A.criterion B.consequence C.concept D.contributor49. A.readily B.constantly C.passively D.critically50. A.opposite B.fantasy C.emphasis D.equivalent51. A.integrating B.converting C.resisting D.tolerating52. A.interruptingB.acknowledging C.stimulating D.facilitating53. A.perceive B.isolate C.distract D.identify54. A.seek out B.act out C.cast out D.knock out55. A.proportion B.intensity C.integrity D.preferenceSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Andy smiled as he and his field day team stepped up to their last activity.They were in first place,and Andy could already feel the medal around his neck.“How exciting!”Mrs.Emory said.“You two teams are tied with the highest score of the day.”“Tied?”Andy said.“But we beat them at the relay race.”“Yes,but that was their only loss,”Mrs.Emory said.“Your team also has one loss,so you are both tied for first place.”Andy crossed his arms in front of his chest.He didn’t want to think about the balloon toss(抛).He’d been the first one to drop his balloon.“This event is a hula hoop(呼啦圈)challenge,”Mrs.Emory said,handing everyone a hula hoop.“Are we supposed to see how far we can roll them?”Andy asked.“No.Your challenge is to hula hoop for as long as possible.Once your hoop hits the ground,you will be disqualified.The last person hula hooping will win the event for their team.”Andy’s eyes widened.He’d never hula hooped before.He looked at the rest of his team.Becky seemed confident and so did Cory.They only needed one person to do well in order to win.“Can we start?”asked Rachelle,the other team’s captain.She must have done this before because she was excited about the challenge.Mrs.Emory blew her whistle.“Begin!”Andy watched Rachelle and mimicked everything she did.But no matter how hard he tried,the hoop wouldn’t stay up.It dropped and fell to his ankles.He stepped aside and cheered for Becky and Cory who were the only ones left to battle Rachelle.Becky sneezed and her hoop fell to the ground.Andy grumbled,but he started cheering even louder for Cory.Andy stared at Rachelle.She looked so relaxed.Her team was chanting her name,and it took Andy a moment to realize Cory had dropped his hoop.The challenge was over,and Rachelle had won,which meant Andy’s team had lost.But Andy couldn’t help cheering for Rachelle as she continued to hula hoop.Rachelle was still hula hooping when Mrs.Emory gave out the medals.Andy wore his second-place medal with pride as he congratulated Rachelle,the true field day champion.56.What can we learn about Andy from the first paragraph?A.He felt the weight of the medal hanging from his neck.B.He got the gold medal because he got the highest score.C.He wanted to take off his medal so he could perform better.D.He was confident about becoming the field day champion.57.The underlined word mimicked could be replace by_____________.A.made fun ofB.imitatedC.criticisedD.cheered for58.How did Andy feel when he received his medal?A.Disappointed.B.Angry.C.Proud.D.Confused.59.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Andy’s team beat the others in the previous activities.B.Andy is a confident player and has good sportsmanship.C.Andy didn’t cheer for Rachelle because he lost the game.D.Andy’s team members had never hula hooped before.60.According to the information above,Science Games is most probably____________.A.a science websiteB.a package of gamesC.an online programD.a group competition61.What does the underlined word probably mean?A.admissionB.rewardC.budgetD.scholarship62.Which of the following is TRUE about Science Games?A.Each session of the virtual program will last two hours.B.Students will conduct hands-on experiments with scientists.C.Parents need to prepare activity materials for their children.D.Each registration group can have no more than3participants.Casting blame is natural:it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful.It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes,and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them.Research published in2015suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.Blame culture can spread like a virus.Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing,in a blaming environment,employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work.Blame culture asks,“who dropped the ball?”instead of“where did our systems and processes fail?”The focus is on the individuals,not the processes.It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder,but the more beneficial,exercise of fixing the root cause,so the problem does not happen again.The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies(缺陷)were highlighted by employees as early as possible.It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic(灾难性的)consequences. These are known as high reliability organizations(HROs)and include hospitals,submarines and airlines.Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations,it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors.The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.The National Transportation Safety Board(NTSB),which supervises air traffic across the United States,makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat.The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls.The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower.That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness.What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault?Sometimes,after all,blame is deserved.The idea of the“just culture”,a framework developed in the1990s by James Reason,a psychologist,addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent(恶意的)will be let off the hook.The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point.It promises a culture in which people“are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training”.That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.63.According to the research published in2015,companies that________had better performance.A.blamed external factorsB.owned up to mistakesC.conducted investigationsD.admitted failures64.According to the passage,the No Blame Culture________.A.encourages the early disclosure of errorsB.only exists in high reliability organizationsC.enables people to shift the blame onto othersD.prevents organizations to learn from errors65.What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage?A.Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.B.Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.C.The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.D.People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures.66.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own MistakesB.How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in OrganizationsC.Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at WorkD.How to Deal with Workplace Blame CultureSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.One useful skill is to paraphrase what your friend is saying in your own words.B.A friend who is going through hardship may benefit from a helpful gesture.C.Part of the challenge is that there are just so many possible ways to intervene.D.It’s important not to put too much pressure on your friend to talk.E.Research has shown that we’re actually really bad at taking other people’s perspectives.F.Your aim should be to facilitate the other person’s choices,rather than dominating them.How to support a struggling friendWe’ve all been in situations like this,both big and small and everything in between:from missing the bus to work to struggling with the loss of a loved mon wisdom suggests that a problem shared is a problem halved.We really want to help,yet we don’t quite have the words or the tactics.Research shows that many people don’t really know what works best to help their friends effectively.(67) ____________________A survey of the methods that people used to manage their friends’emotions identified378 distinct strategies.Given this large variety of strategies,it’s no wonder that deciding what to do when you have a friend in tears can be a little challenging.The good news is that there are simple strategies you can learn that will help you provide more effective support to your friends.Ask questions and really listenJust as playing down a friend’s problem is unwise,so is trying to empathize too quickly.While this impulse is understandable and quite normal,it is also likely to go wrong.(68)____________________So how might you best address the situation instead?A recent research suggests that it would be better to slow down and start by asking directly how your friend is feeling,rather than thinking about how you might feel in a similar situation.A related technique to try is active listening,which is commonly used by therapists,and relatively simple to implement.(69)____________________For example,your friend might spend some time explaining a series of stressful events across their week,describing arguments with their spouse,a mounting workload and some worries about debt,and you might respond by saying that it sounds like they are overwhelmed both at home and at work right now. Don’t take chargeIf your support is too directive and take-charge,it might make your friends feel like they aren’t able to handle things on their own,like a kid who needs their parent’s help to manage their problems.Instead,it would have been better to ask them what they want,and how they might be able to change this situation, and then listen to them talk through their options one by one.In doing this,you provide a sounding board for them to take control of the situation on their own.(70)____________________This will help them organise their thoughts and come to some solutions,without feeling like you did it for them.IV．Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.Is Banning Single-use Plastic the Right Option?The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent.Plastic does not decompose,but breaks down into smaller and smaller particles.It threatens our nature as well as our health.One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics.In the UK,supermarkets are being encouraged to set up plastic-free aisles,in which the food is displayed loose,and shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.Such plans are well-intentioned,but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除)the use of single-use plastic altogether.One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry.When food or fresh goods are packed in plastic,they are protected and preserved,helping them remain fresher and keeping them from spoiling. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry.This is not just because of its low cost.It helps to prevent the spread of infection and that is the biggest benefit of the material in the medical field.Replacing plastic with other materials is neither simple nor straightforward,mainly due to the challenge of finding an alternative that combines all the most desirable plastic properties.For example,glass products are a potential alternative,but cleaning them would be extremely expensive while increasing the risk to health.Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic.Take paper bags,for example. Research by the Northern Ireland Assembly shows four times more energy is required to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic bag.If people respond by simply using other materials,a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment.However,simply banning their single use may not be the best option.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.该纪录片自播出第一集后就广受好评。

重庆市2022-2023学年高一上学期第一次月考英语试题含答案

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分 60 分)
第一节 (共 19 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 47.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The best restaurants for outdoor dining in Greater Boston
Beehive Restaurant (541 Tremont St., Boston)
6. What will the man do next?
A. Call a taxi. B. Go to the airport. C. Have his car repaired.
7. What is the woman probably related to the man?
A. His wife.
Outdoor dining is becoming more popular in Boston, but there’s something about it that feels very European.
especially at this South End spot. Sit out on the patio for its modern French menu and wide selection of wines.
A. Go shopping for food. B. Teach the man to cook. C. Entertain friends at home.
听下面一段独白，回答第 17 至第 20 四个小题。
17. Where should the rock climbers meet at midday?
B. His neighbor. C. His colleague.

合理使用人工智能作文

合理使用人工智能作文英文回答：Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the world around us. From self-driving cars to facial recognition software, AI is already having a major impact on our lives. And as AI continues to develop, it is likely to play an even greater role in our future.One of the most important questions we face as we move forward with AI is how to use it responsibly. AI has the potential to do great good, but it also has the potential to be used for harmful purposes. It is essential that we develop ethical guidelines for the use of AI to ensure that it is used for good and not for evil.There are a number of different ways to use AI responsibly. One important principle is to ensure that AI systems are transparent and accountable. People should be able to understand how AI systems work and how they makedecisions. This will help to build trust in AI and ensure that it is used in a fair and equitable way.Another important principle is to respect people's privacy. AI systems should not be used to collect or use personal data without people's consent. People should have control over their own data and be able to decide how it is used.Finally, it is important to ensure that AI systems are safe and reliable. AI systems should be designed and tested to ensure that they are safe to use. They should not be used in situations where they could cause harm to people or property.By following these principles, we can help to ensure that AI is used responsibly and for the benefit of all.中文回答：如何合理使用人工智能。

学院联盟学位英语考试历年真题

学院联盟学位英语考试历年真题ANALYSIS OF AN ISSUETime―30 minutesDirections: In this sections you will need to analyze the issue presented below and explain your views on it. The question has no "correct" answer. Instead, you should consider various perspectives as you develop you develop your own position on the issue.Read the statement and the directions that follow it, and then make any notes in your test booklet that will help you plan your response. Beginwriting yoiur response on the separate answer document. Make sure that you use the answer document that goes with this writing task."Business relations are infected through and through with the disease of short-sighted motives. We are so concerned with immediate results and short-term goals that we fail to look beyond them."Assuming that the term "business relations" can refer to the decisions and actions of any organization―for instance, a small family business, a community association, or a large international corporation―for instance, a small family business, a community association, or a large international corporation―explain the extent to which you think that this criticism is valid. In your discussion of the issue, use reasons and/or examples from your own experience, your observation of others or your reading.ANALYSIS OF AN ARGUMENTTime―30 minutesDirections: In section, you will be asked to write a critique of the argument presented below. Note that you are not being asked to present your own views on the subject. Instead, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking, what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion, or what sort of evidence could help strengthen or refute the argumentRead the argument and the instructions that follow it, and then make any notes in your test booklet that will help you plan your response. Beginwriting your response on the separate answer document. Make sure that you use the answer documeant that goes with this writing task.The following appeared in the deitorial section of a newpaper."As public concern over drug abuse has increased authorities have become more vigilant in their to prevent illegal drugs from entering the country. Many drug traffickers have consequently switched from marijuana which is bulky, or heroin, which has a market too small to justify the risk of severe punishment, to cocaie Thus cnforcement efforts have ironieally resulted in an observed increase in the illegal use of cocaie."Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. You can also discuss what if anything, would make the argument more sound and persuasive or would help you to better evaluate its conclusion.SECTION 2Time-25 minutes16 QuestionsDirectrons : FOR each question in this section . select the best of the answer choices given .1. A report on acid rain concluded . "Most forests in Critics are notbeing damaged by acid rain "Canada of the report insist the conclusion be changed to . "Most forests in Canada do not show visible symptoms of growth or higher morality."Which of the following if true . provides the best logical justificationfor the critics insistence that the report s justification for critics insistence that the report s conclusion be changed?(A) Some forests in Canada are being damaged by acid rain .(B) Acid rain could be causing damage for which symptoms have not yet become visible .(C) The report does not compare acid rain damage to Canadian forests with acid rain damage to forests in other countries .(D) All forests in Canada have received acid ram during the past fifteen years .(E) The severity of damage by acid rain differs from forest to forest .2. In the past most airline companies minimized aircraft weight to minimize fuel costs . The safest airline seats were heavy . and airlines equipped their planes with few of these seats .This year the seat that hassold best to airlines has been the safest one----a clear indication that airlines are assigning a higher priority to safe seating than to minimizing fuel costs .Which of the following if true. most seriously weakens the argument above ?(A) I not year s beat selling airline seat was not the safest airline seat on the market(B) No airline company has announced that it would be making safe seating a higher priority this year (C) The price of fuel was higher this year than it had been in most of the ars when the safest airline seats sold poorly .(D) Because of increases in the cost of materials all airline seats were more expensive to manufacture this year than in any previous year.(E) Because of technological innovations, the safest airline seat on the market this year weighet less than most other airline seats on the market.3. A computer equipped with signature-recognition software, whichrestricts access to a computer to those people whose signatures are on file, identifies a person s signature by annlyzing not only the form of thesignature but also such characteristies as pen pressure and signing speed. Even the most adept forgers cannot duplicate all of the characteristies the program analyzes.Which of the following can be logically concluded from the passage above?(A) The time it takes to record and analyze a signature makes the software impractical for everyday use.(B) Computers equipped with the softwate will same be installed in most banks.(C) Nobody can gain access to a computer equipped with the software solely by virtue of skill at forging signatures.(D) Signature-recognition software has taken many years to develop and pericet.(E) In many cases even authorized users are denied legitimate access to computers equipped with the software.4. Diavision manager: I want to replace the Microton computers in my division with Vitech computers.General manager: Why?Division manager: It costs 28 percent less to train new staff on the Vitech.General manager: But that is not a good enough reason. We can simply hire only people who already know how to use the Microton computer.Which of the following if true most sctiously undermines the general manager s lobjection to the replacement of Microton computers with Vitechs?(A) Currently all employees in the company are required to attend workshops on how to use Microton computers in new applications.(B) Once employees learn how to use a computer, they tend to change employers more readily than before.(C) Experienced users of Microton computers command much higher salaries than do prospective employees who have no experience in the use of computers.(D) The average productivity of employees in the general manager s company is below the average productivity of the employees of its competitors(E) The high costs of replacement parts make Vitech computers more expensive to mainatin than Microton computers.5. An airplane engine manufacturer developed a new engine model with safely features lacking in the earlier model, which was still being manufactured During the first year that both were sold, the earlier model far outsold the new model: the manufacturer thus concluded that safety was not the customers primary consideration.Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the manufacturer s conclusion?(A) Both private plane owners and commercial airlines buy engines fromthis airplane engine manufacturer.(B) Many customers consider earlier engine models better safety rlaks than new englne makels, since more is usually known about the safety of the earlier models.(C) Many customers of this airplane engine manufacturet also bought airplane engines from manufactuarers who did not provide additional safety features in their newer models.(D) The newer engine model can be used in all planes in which the earlier engine model can be used.(E) There was no significant difference in price between the newer engine model and the earlier engine model.6. Between and , nttrsing-home occupancy rates averaged 87 percent of capacity, while admission rates remained constant, at an average of 95 admissions per 1,000 beds per year. Between and , however, occupancy rates rose to an average of 92 percent of capacity, while admission rates declined to 81 per 1,000 beds per year.If the statements above are true which of the following conclusions can be most properly drawn?(A) The average leagth of time nursing-home residents stayed in nursing homes increased between and .(B) The proportion of older people living in nursing hostnes was greater In than in(C) Nursing home admission rates tend to decline whenever occupancy rates rise.(D) Nursing homes built prior to generally had fewer beds than did aursing homes bulit between and .(E) The more beds a sursing home has, the higher its occupancy rate is likely to be.7. Firms adopting "profit-related-pay" (PRP) contracts pay wages at levels that vary with the flrm s prooths In the metalworking industry last year, firms with PRP contracts in place showed productivity per worker on average 13 percent higher than that of their competitors who used more traditional contracts.If on the basis of the evidence above, it is argued that PRP contracts increase worker productivity. which of the following if true, would most seriously weaken that graument?(A) Results similar to those cited for the metalworking industry have been found in other industries where PRP contracts are used(B) Under PRP contracts costs other than labor costs, such asplant machinery and energy makea up an incrensed proportion of the total cost of-each unit of output.(C) Because introducing PRP contracts greatly changes individual workers relationships to the firm negotiating the introduction of PRP contracts is complex and time consuming.(D) Many firms in the metalworking industry have modernized production equipment in the last five years, and most of these introduced PRP contracts at the same time.(E) In firms in the metalworking industry where PRP contracts are in place the average take-home pay is 15 percent higher than it is in those thrms where workers have more traditional contracts.8. Crops can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested ifa poor corn harvest is predicted prices of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted prices of corn futures fall This morning meteorologists are predicting muchneeded rain for the corn-growing region starting tomorrow. Therefore, since adequate moisture is essential for the current crop s survival prices of corn futures will fall sharply today.Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?(A) Corn that does not receive adequate moisture druing its critical pollination stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.(B) Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season than last season(C) The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well beyond the corn-growing region.(D) Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.(E) Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the corn they trade.9. A discount reatiler of basic household necessities employs thousands of people and pays most of them at the minimum wagte rate, Yet following a federally mandated increase of the minimum wage rate that increased the retaiWhich of the following if true, most helps resoive the apparent paradox?(A) Over half of the retailer s operating costs consist of payroll expendintres: yet only a small percentage of those expenditures go to pay management salaries(B) The retailer s customer base is made up primarily of people who earn or who depend on the earnings of others who earn the minimum wage.(C) The retailer s operating costs other than wages increasedsubstantially after the increase in the minimum wage rate went into effect(D) When the increase in the minimum wage rate went into effect theretailer also raised the wage rate for employees who had been carning just above minimum wage.(E) The majority of the retailer s employees work as cashiers and most cashiers are paid the minimum wage.10. The cotton farms of Country Q became so productive that the market could not abort all that they produced Consequently cotton prices fell. The government tried to boost cotton prices by offering farmers who took 25 percent of their cotton acreage out of production direct support payments up to a specified maximum per farm.The government s program if successful will not be a net burden on the budget. Which of the following if true is the best basis for an explanation of how this could be so?(A) Depressed cotton prices meant operating losses for cotton farms, and the government lost revenue from taxes on farm profits(B) Cotton production in seyeral countries other than Q declined slightly the year that the support-payment program went into effect in Q.(C) The first year that the support-payment program was in effect cotton acreage in Q was 5% below its level in the base year for the program.(D) The specified maximum per farm meant that for very large cotton farms the support payments were less pe。

人员信息认证英语

人员信息认证英语一、单词1. Verify- 英语释义：to make sure that something is true, accurate, or justified.- 用法：verify + sth.（名词或名词短语），verify + that从句。

- 例句：Thepany will verify your identity before granting you access.（在给予你访问权限之前，公司将核实你的身份。

）2. Authenticate- 英语释义：to prove or show something to be true, genuine, or valid.- 用法：authenticate + sth.- 例句：You need to authenticate your account toplete the registration.（你需要认证你的账户以完成注册。

）3. Confirm- 英语释义：to state or show that something is definitely true or correct.- 用法：confirm + sth.，confirm + that从句。

- 例句：Please confirm your personal information.（请确认你的个人信息。

）4. Identity- 英语释义：who or what a person or thing is.- 用法：作名词，可用于短语“identity verification”（身份验证）等。

- 例句：Protecting your identity is very important in the digital age.（在数字时代，保护你的身份非常重要。

）5. Certificate- 英语释义：an official document proving that you havepleted a course of study or passed an exam, or that states the facts about something.- 用法：作名词，如“a birth certificate”（出生证明）；也可作动词，意为“发给结业证书，用证书证明”。

2021-2022学年广东省东莞市东莞中学松山湖学校八年级上学期期末英语试题

2021-2022学年广东省东莞市东莞中学松山湖学校八年级上学期期末英语试题1. When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly as possible and go to the safe place. But there are ________ people who will get into their cars and go straight to the center of the storm. “Storm chasing” ________ an very popular hobby in the Midwest of the United States. There are frequent storms ________ March to July. Storm chasers often drive up to ________ kilometersto where the storm will be. And then ________ wait for the storm to develop.Although anyone can do it, storm chasing is dangerous. The power of a big storm can throw a horse into the air. Storm chasers often drive in a ________ rain. So they are ________ often hurt in accidents. If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group of storm-chasing vacations during the storm season.“Sometimes it can take you hours ________ for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a little rain.” says Daniel Lynch, who spends most of his summer storm-chasing. However, for storm chasers, it is all worth it. “________ you get close to a storm, it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life,” says Jasper Morley. “Every storm is ________ example of the power of nature. It is the greatest show on Earth.”1.A．a little B．little C．a few D．few2.A．became B．is becoming C．was becoming D．will become3.A．from B．at C．on D．with4.A．thousand B．thousand of C．one thousand of D．one thousand5.A．they B．them C．themselves D．their6.A．heavily B．heavy C．heaviest D．more heavily7.A．as well B．either C．also D．too8.A．to wait B．waited C．wait D．waiting9.A．Until B．Because C．Before D．When10.A．a B．an C．the D．/2. Early every morning, a shepherd（牧羊人）took his sheep out into the fields. And then he sat down under a tree. While _______ his sheep eating fresh grass, he sometimes slept for a short time. After the sheep were _______, he took them back home.One day, the shepherd saw a wolf _______. It was a little far away. At first, the shepherd thought the wolf wanted to catch his sleep, so he was very worried. But the wolf did _______. When the shepherd walked back home with his sheep, the wolf _______ followed them at a distance（距离）.This continued for a few days. The shepherd found the wolf waiting near the _______ every morning, but it just watched and didn’t catch any sheep. Day by day, the shepherd _______ the wolf less and less.One day, the shepherd had to go back home for a while. Because he looked on the wolf to a guardian （保镖）of his sheep, he _______ the sheep in the fields and went home alone. However, when he came back, he found there were _______ sheep everywhere! The wolf killed most of his sheep. The poo r shepherd sat down and cried, “It’s my ________ !I shouldn’t believe in a wolf!”1.A．helping B．showing C．watching D．finding2.A．full B．free C．tired D．bored3.A．all of a sudden B．all right C．after all D．all in all4.A．anything B．nothing C．everything D．something5.A．clearly B．noisily C．sadly D．quietly6.A．zoo B．park C．fields D．houses7.A．looked after B．waited for C．thought of D．worried about 8.A．chose B．left C．refused D．traveled 9.A．young B．old C．dead D．wild10.A．mistake B．action C．experience D．promise 3. Are you looking for a job? Here are some job advertisements.at ________.A．8503-4146 B．8760-0506 C．8848-0016 D．8760-1253 2. Mr. Brown, a man aged 46, used to drive a taxi. He should call ________ to apply for a job.A．Tom B．Joe C．Mrs. Johnson D．Eric3. Who could be the most suitable（合适的）person to be an air hostess?A．Lily is a beautiful girl who likes teaching English very much.B．Alice is an American girl who can speak Chinese very well.C．Susan is a mother age 42 and she cooks very well.D．Lucy is a girl who is good at sports especially swimming.4. If you are a swimming coach, you need to ________ to make sure the children are safe in the pool according to the passage.A．swim with the children B．see exactly where the children areC．talk with children D．let the children do anything they want 5. We can see this passage in ________.C．a novel D．a newspaper A．a text book B．a fashionmagazine4. Computers, smart phones and other machines are the perfect servants because they always do what they are “told”. We usually “tell” them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard. But what if we could just talk to them normally and tell them What to do?This type of technology known as voice control or voice recognition（识别）has been shown in films and TV shows since the 1960s. The TV show Slar Trek showed some spaceships which could reply to human voice commands. The film 2001: A Space Odyssey showed a computer that human astronauts can talk to. It was mainly used to play chess and repair astronauts’ spaceship.On the other hand, the real-world voice recognition is used for more everyday tasks. For example, Apple and Amazon made two pieces of voice recognition software（软件）. They can be asked to do many things, such as setting alarms, playing music and so on.One of the nice things about voice recognition is that it can be used when we are on the go. When you are driving a car or walking down the street, it’s not convenient or even dangerous to pick up your smartphone or type away on the keyboard. Voice recognition allows you to focus on whatever you are doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.Speech recognition software is also helpful to deaf people. It can be used to listen to spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read. Some speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate（翻译）them into another language.1. We usually control machines ________ in daily life.A．by using body language B．by talking to themC．by using a mouse or keyboard D．by connecting them to the electricity2. How does voice recognition help to keep you safe while driving a car?A．It helps you to focus on what you are doing.B．It allows you to type on the keyboard more conveniently.C．It can control your car for a short while.D．It can help you to receive phone calls safely.3. What does the underlined word “convenient” mean in Chinese?A．快速的B．方便的C．积极的D．敏感的4. In the last paragraph, we can infer（推断）about the speech recognition software ________.A．can hear words spoken in English and then translate them into ChineseB．can turn text into spoken words for the blindC．can help you do anything that you want to doD．can help imitate others’ voices5. What is the best title for this passage?A．Computers Can Talk to Human B．Voice Recognition: A Helpful Friend ofthe DeafC．Computers Can Help Astronauts D．Voice Recognition: A Helpful Friend ofHuman Life5. 左栏是五位学生兴趣的描述，右栏是七个中国文化活动的介绍。

英语作文-档案馆的数字化文献保护与研究

英语作文-档案馆的数字化文献保护与研究In the digital era, the preservation and research of archival documents have become a pivotal aspect of cultural heritage management. The digitization of archival materials not only safeguards historical documents from physical degradation but also facilitates their accessibility for researchers and the public alike. This transformation from physical to digital form represents a significant shift in how we preserve and interact with our collective history.The process of digitizing archival documents involves several critical steps to ensure the integrity and usability of the digital copies. Initially, archivists must assess the physical condition of the documents to determine the appropriate handling and scanning procedures. This is a delicate task as many archival materials are fragile and susceptible to damage. Once the documents are digitized, they are often subjected to optical character recognition (OCR) software to convert images of text into machine-encoded text, making them searchable and editable.One of the primary advantages of digital archives is the enhanced accessibility it provides. Researchers can access documents from anywhere in the world, eliminating the need to physically visit the archive. This global reach also allows for collaborative research efforts, connecting scholars across different geographical locations. Moreover, digital archives can be integrated with other databases and resources, enriching the research possibilities and allowing for interdisciplinary studies.However, the digitization process also poses challenges, particularly concerning the authenticity and preservation of digital documents. Ensuring the long-term preservation of digital files requires robust infrastructure and ongoing maintenance. Digital formats can become obsolete quickly, and the technology needed to access them may no longer be available in the future. Therefore, archivists must plan for digital preservation by employing strategies such as format migration and emulation.In addition to preservation, the digitization of archival documents opens new avenues for research. Digital archives can be analyzed using computational methods, such as textmining and data visualization, which can uncover patterns and trends not immediately apparent through traditional research methods. These techniques can lead to new insights and understandings of historical events and trends.Furthermore, the digital format allows for the inclusion of metadata, which provides context and additional information about the documents. Metadata can include details about the document's creation, its author, and its historical significance. This additional layer of information enriches the research experience and aids in the interpretation of the documents.The role of digital archives in education cannot be overlooked. They serve as valuable resources for teaching history and related disciplines, offering students firsthand experience with primary sources. Digital archives also promote public engagement with history, allowing individuals to explore their heritage and learn about the past in an interactive and accessible manner.In conclusion, the digitization of archival documents is a complex but essential endeavor that preserves our historical legacy for future generations. It enhances research capabilities, promotes global accessibility, and supports educational initiatives. As technology continues to evolve, it is imperative that archivists and researchers adapt to these changes to ensure the continued relevance and preservation of our archival heritage.This essay has explored the significance of digital document preservation and research within archives, highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with this transformation. The digitalization of archives is not merely a technical process; it is a means of connecting with our past and ensuring its presence in the future. As we move forward, it is crucial to continue investing in the technologies and methodologies that will maintain the integrity and accessibility of our digital archives. 。

大学英语(一)复习题

大学英语（一）复习题Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1Who coined the term personal computer? The Oxford English Dictionary says Byte magazine used it first, in its May 1976 issue. But Yale Law School librarian Fred Shapiro decided to do some digging on his own--with help from JSTOR, an online electronic database for academic (学术的) journals. JSTOR's arts and sciences archive (档案) offers scans of 5 million pages from 117 journals, some dating back 150 years. Using character-recognition software, JSTOR creates searchable files for each document (文件), allowing full-text searches across 15 academic fields.(S3) While searching for the origin of personal computer, Shapiro uncovered several competing claims. Stewart Brand, founder of Whole Earth Catalog, says on his Web site that he first referred to a "personal computer" in a 1974 book; and GUI pioneer Alan Kay is said to have used the term in a paper published in 1972.But a search on JSTOR's general science archive turned up what Shapiro says is the earliest recorded use of personal computer, in the October 4, 1968, issue of Science. The issue contains a Hewlett-Packard advertisement for its new HP 9100A. "The new Hewlett-Packard 9100A personal computer," the advertisement says, is "ready, willing and able …to relieve you of waiting to get on the big computer." The $4,900 device -- a desktop scientific calculator equipped with magnetic cards-doesn't seem like much of a computer nowadays. And at 40 pounds, it wasn't very personal, either. But according to Shapiro, it was the first device to be called a personal computer.1. The term "personal computer" first appeared ________.A．in Byte magazineB．in a Hewlett-Packard ad in ScienceC．in a 1974 bookD．in a paper published by Alan Kay2. What is JSTOR?A．It is an online database.B．It is an academic journal.C．It is a kind of computer software.D．It is a research organization.3. Shapiro succeeded in his search for the origin of the term personal computer by ________. A．looking into the Oxford English DictionaryB．digging into magazines that are more than 150 years oldC．scanning JSTOR's general science archive on lineD．ocusing on academic journals such as Science4. With a HP 9100A, according to the Hewlett-Packard advertisement, you ________.A．can easily get on the big computer.B．don't have to get on the big computerC．can save a lot of money.D．will be willing and ready to do scientific work5. What do we learn from the passage about the first device that was called a personal computer? A．It looked very different from the PC we know today.B．It was small, light and easy to carry around.C．It was as efficient as a big computer.D．It relieved people of a great deal of tedious workPassage2There are several ways of testing the intelligence (智力) of animals. In one test, some scientists put three plates on the table. While the animal watched, they put food under one of the plates. Then they took the animal away. Some time later, they brought it back to see if it remembered which plate had the food. The idea is to find out how long an animal’s memory can last. The scientists would try showing the plate to the animal one hour later, or two hours later, or even a full day later. They found out that chimpanzees and elephants have the best memory, and re-able to remember the correct plate for at least twenty hours. No other animal is close. Dogs come next, but they can only remember for nine hours. The scientists made a large maze (迷宫) and ran the chimpanzees and elephants through it. The maze was very difficult with many dead ends. It took the chimpanzees ten minutes to find their way out. The elephants needed half an hour. The test showed that chimpanzees are the cleverest animals.From this and other tests the scientists found out an animal’s intelligence depends on the size of its brain to the size of its body. The elephant’s brain is ten pounds, but this is only 1/600 of its body. A chimpanzee’s brain is about one pound, and it’s 1/120 of its body. So the chimpanzee has five times as much brain as the elephant – more brain.6. The first test was made to tes t an animal’s _________.A. noseB. memoryC. eyesD. patience7. This passage tells us that elephants _________.A. are the cleverest animalsB. are cleverer than chimpanzeesC. have worse memories than dogsD. are less clever than chimpanzees8. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Scientists have found out the secret of the intelligence of animals.B. Dogs are less useful than elephants.C. Chimpanzees and elephants have better memories than people.D. The h eavier an animal’s brains is, the cleverer it is.9. If an animal’s body is 2100poudns, and it has a 3 – pound brain, it is _________.A. as clever as a chimpanzeeB. cleverer than an elephantC. less clever than an elephantD. as clever as an elephant10. Which is the best title of this passage?A. Want to know about the intelligence of animalsB. The chimpanzee’s brainC. The elephant’s memoryD. Where to test animals’ memoryPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:This story began about 10 years ago. I was coming out of a very bad marriage. For seven long years my husband spent his every waking moment telling me just what was wrong with me. When I finally asked for a divorce, he answered by telling me that I would never find anyone to love me because I was just so unattractive. This went on for about two years. One night one of my friends convinced me to go out with her. We went to a nightclub and that is when I met him.Clint was playing a game with a girl. I sat in the corner watching him. I didn't feel that I had whatever it took to get up and mix with others because of my self-esteem(自尊心) problem. Finally I got up the courage to order a drink for him. When he got it, he gave me the most dazzling(感人的) smile. We spent the rest of the evening talking until I realized that it was almost morning. I figured that he was simply being nice to me because I had bought him a drink, but the very next day he called and told me that he could not stop thinking about me and that he wanted to meet my kids too.About 3 months later, my divorce was final and Clint sat my boys down and asked them if it was all right with them if he asked me to marry him because he could not imagine life without the three of us anymore. I was so touched that he went to my boys and asked for their approval(同意) because they were the "men of the house" at the ripe old ages of 2 and 4. They said yes and we have all been together ever since. Clint gave me and my boys a second chance at a wonderful life. Not a day goes by that he doesn't tell us that we are the best thing that ever happened to him and that he loves us.11. The writer's first marriage was unsuccessful because ________.A．her husband often woke her up at midnightB．her husband kept criticizing herC．she was unattractiveD．she had a self-esteem problem12. When the writer asked for a divorce, her husband ________.A．told her that she would never find one who loved her as he didB．delayed two years before giving her a replyC．accused her of having an affairD．said that she was unattractive and not worth loving13. When the writer first met Clint, she felt that ________.A．she should have listened to her friend and met Clint earlierB．Clint was a nice, dazzling young manC．Clint could not be really interested in herD．she would find true love in Clint14. The writer was particularly touched by Clint because ________.A．he loved the kids and asked for their approval of the marriageB．he said that he could not imagine a life without her and the kidsC．he believed that at 2 and 4, the two kids were the "men of the house"D．he kept her company and talked with her until the next morning15. The writer's marriage to Clint is important to her mainly because ________.A．it gave her and her sons a second chance to live a happy lifeB．every day Clint would tell the writer that he loved herC．it helped her to regain her self respectD．it made her kids happy, which is all she cared aboutPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:At 26, Jane Goodall had no college education or science training. But since childhood, she had been dreaming of working closely with animals in Africa. "All through my childhood people said you can't go to Africa. You're a girl," Goodall says. But my mother used to say, if you really want to, there's nothing you can't do."In 1957, the 26-year-old Goodall journeyed to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous scientist Louis Leakey, who was so impressed by her enthusiasm that he hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips to the African jungle(丛林) and in 1960 Leakey sent Goodall to live among chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve(禁猎地), recording the animals' behavior and interactions.For three months Goodall made little progress. But she says, "I never came close to giving up." Her breakthrough came one day when she saw a male chimpanzee stick a blade of grass into a termite(白蚁) hill, then put the grass in his mouth. Afterward she approached the hill and did the same. Pulling the grass out, she discovered dozens of termites clinging to it. The discovery--that some animals use tools--was unknown to most scientists at the time.Goodall saw chimpanzees exhibit human-like emotions, such as jealousy and love. But she also discovered they were capable of violent attacks against each other.Goodall received her Ph.D. in the study of animal behavior at England's Cambridge University. Now she travels around the globe raising money to preserve wildlife. "I love being in the forest with the chimps," she says. "I'd much rather be there than traveling around from city to city."16. What was Goodall's childhood dream?A．She dreamed of going to college.B．She dreamed of studying animals in Africa.C．She dreamed of becoming a famous scientist.D．She dreamed of traveling all around the world.17. What did Goodall's mother think of her dream?A．As a girl she should not go to the African jungle.B．Her dream would remain a dream unless she got the right training.C．As a girl she should stay away from violent animals.D．She could make her dream come true if she was determined.18. Goodall's most important discovery is that _______.A．some animals use tools.B．like humans animals have emotions .C．chimpanzees could attack each other violently.D．termites are chimpanzees's favorite food.19. Goodall's success is chiefly due to ________.A．her exceptional talentsB．scientific trainingC．determination and patienceD．her enthusiasm and good luck20. What is Goodall doing now?A．Studying animal behavior at Cambridge University.B．Raising funds for the preservation of wildlife.C．Observing chimpanzees in African jungles.D．Working hard for a PhD degree.Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:"Keep an eye on Esther. I'll be back in a second," Joy Warren said to her three-year-old son Stephen, who was sitting in the back of the Buick. She didn't like leaving the children alone in the car, but the baby was sleeping soundly. And it would only be a moment.She had hardly walked 40 yards when she saw the car moving. It headed straight towards the river. Unable to swim, Joy shouted, "My babies are in that car!"Daniel Whitehead, a 17-year-old student, was walking by the river when the Buick crashed into the water just yards ahead. Without thinking, Daniel jumped in. Though a competitive swimmer, he was shocked by the icy chill.Two minutes earlier, Skip Womack had pulled to a halt as the Buick ran in front of him. Now seeing it hit the water and hearing Joy's cries, Skip got out of his truck and jumped into the water. He had only one thought: If I don't get them out, they'll drown.Daniel reached the car and grabbed a door handle. But the water was only four inches beneath the window, and the door wouldn't open. With one powerful punch, Daniel and Skip broke a window. Daniel reached inside and lifted Stephen out. He placed him on his back and set out for shore. At the same time, Skip squeezed himself through the window. He managed to free Esther from beneath her seat belt. After he got out of the car with the baby, he held her over the water and swam toward the shore. All this took place just seconds before the Buick disappeared beneath the water.Later, driving home, Skip thought of his wife and children--how close he'd come to leaving them behind. He thought of the miracle he'd lived through, and how two children were still alive because he and Daniel happened to be in the right place at the right time.21. Why did Joy leave her children in the car?A．She did not like shopping with a child in hand.B．She did not like waking up her baby.C．Stephen was big enough to take care of his sister.D．It was icy cold outside.22. Daniel and Skip, who saved the lives of the two kids, ________.A．had been good friendsB．were two close friends of Joy Warren'sC．were Joy Warren's neighborsD．were strangers before the accident23. How did Daniel get Stephen out of danger?A．He squeezed into the car and carried him out.B．He pulled him out through the broken window.C．He freed him from his seatbelt before he got him out.D．He held him over the water and swam back to shore.24. What happened to Joy Warren's Buick?A．It had four inches of water in it.B．One of its windows could not be opened.C．It was pulled out of water and set on the shore.D．It sank to the bottom of the river.25. How did Skip feel on his way home?A．He felt lucky to be still alive after having saved the lives of two kids.B．He missed his wife and children, whom he had left behind in the morning.C．He felt very thankful to Daniel, without whom he would not have made it.D．He wondered how he and Daniel could be in the right place at the right time.Passage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of once-and-future students on my way to work these summer mornings.These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar(年历) called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once looked after by teachers and headmasters, they now appear to be in "self care."For much of our history, however, Americans framed the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing seasons. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as somehow sacred(神圣的). But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out."We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realities of family life," says educator Dr. Ernest Boyer.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is necessary. "School, whether we like it or not, is custodial(监管的) and educational. It always has been."26. In speaking of "once-and-future students", the author is referring to ________.A．kids too young to take a jobB．school children old enough to take care of themselvesC．kids who cannot afford to go campingD．school children on summer vacation27. For a long time in American history, the school year was arranged to meet the needs of ________.A．school childrenB．working parentsC．farm handsD．teachers and headmasters28. By "a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realities of family life? Dr. Boyer means the school calendar ________.A．is much shorter than parents' working daysB．makes it impossible for parents to live a normal lifeC．allows children to hang out instead of helping their parentsD．is set on the agricultural model29. From the passage we can learn that Dr. Boyer believes school should educate children and ________.A．motivate themB．entertain themC．take care of themD．help their parents30. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to drive home the point that ________. A．American children must stop hanging outB．US kids need more school timeC．the advantages of a longer school year outweigh its disadvantagesD．parents are not happy about the present school calendar31. The rainstorm has damaged the crops. The loss has not yet been _______ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a million dollars.A) considered B) assessed C) explored D) calculated32. "If nothing ________, all of us will be enjoying the best musical performance in the famous Sidney Opera House by this time tomorrow," the guide told the tourists.A) is visible B) is available C) goes wrong D) messes around33. Unfortunately, those who ________ the accident cannot recall what happened. Therefore the cause of the accident remains a mystery.A) survived B) escaped C) abandoned D) spotted34. The negotiators believe that it is ________ both parties to establish a joint venture in Shanghai.A) in the interest of B) in response to C) for the reference of D) grateful to35. It won't take long to ________ the situation. But I need some more time before I come up witha plan to solve the problem.A) sum up B) size up C) figure out D) wipe out36. The representatives ________ their discussion after the coffee break.A) jammed B) undertook C) skipped D) resumed37. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A) shelter B) locate C) prevent D) release38. The Democratic Party must reach out to the people and ________ its message if it is to win the election.A) figure out B) take over C) drive home D) throw up39. The director seems to have ________ new ideas. His recent productions are nothing but copies of his old films.A) fallen short of B) lost touch with C) come up with D) run out of40. The shirt is ________ in small, medium and large sizes.A) original B) visible C) available D) delicate41. On my way to school, I saw people ________ advertisements and sample products.A) conveying B) creating C) discarding D) distributing42. The city government promises to________ the problem of unemployment in real earnest.A) postpone B) tackle C) compose D) anticipate43. The professor thought that I was making good progress in my studies and told me to________ my good work.A) keep up B) go ahead with C) hold back D) come up with44. Many people are still unwilling to buy on credit. The idea of spending money before one earns it ________ among the Chinese.A) has not yet taken hold B) has not yet put across C) has passed away D) has not yet fitted into45. It is a huge task to ________ all the rooms in the building in such a short time.A) go ahead with B) keep up C) clean up D) work out46. The meeting was ________ by the National Association of Women for the purpose of furthering the women's liberation movement.A) chaired B) sponsored C) participated D) assigned47. I have searched all the book stores in this town. The book you asked for is not ________.A) tedious B) vivid C) available D) sufficient48. A railway ticket should indicate the place of departure as well as the ________ of the trip.A) arrival B) image C) destination D) sequence49. During the war there was a severe food shortage. It was not unusual that even the well-to-do families had to ________ meat for days.A) do with B) do without C) turn away D) turn in50. Because of the mist, none of those who saw the flying object could tell its ________shape.A) steady B) likely C) precise D) rigid51. The Spring Festival, like Christmas in western countries, is a holiday for family ________.A) amusement B) reunion C) entertainment D) congratulation52. Sports is not just for fun or exercise. It is also good for _________ building.A) capacity B) reputation C) confidence D) character53. Thirty miles away from the town, the robbers __________ the car and disappeared into the woods.A) approached B) ground C) abandoned D) removed54. You'd sound a lot more polite if you make the request ________ a question.A) in the form of B) in terms of C) on the basis of D) in two minds about55. "You ________ call me uncle because I am about the same age as your father," said the visitor to the boy.A) more or less B) may just as well C) sort of D) off and on56. It's one thing to communicate with your friends on the phone, but it is quite another to________ a nice letter explaining the same ideas.A) convey B) distribute C) inquire D) compose57. A good teacher is able to ________ a complicated idea in very simple terms.A) work out B) go by C) put across D) bring about58. The purpose of this test is to measure students'________ to learn instead of their present achievements.A) capacity B) attitude C) confidence D) determination59. Lying in hospital, the patient _________ the outside world by watching news programs on TV every night.A) kept in touch with B) faced up to C) turned the clock back D) slowed down60. The birth rate in a city _________ to fall as its gross domestic product (GDP) rises steadily.A) estimates B) anticipates C) assumes D) tends61. I take pride in being an independent thinker in full possession of my critical ________.A) function B) faculties C) judgment D) abilities62. I don't know what is wrong with the machine. We need an engineer to _______ the problem.A) undertake B) encounter C) reveal D) identify63. Though man has _____ the universe and made numerous discoveries, even to this day he is still very ignorant of himself.A) acquired B) assessed C) explored D) calculated64. It is _________ of you to shelter the kids from bad movies that are likely to affect their healthy growth.A) sensible B) humble C) tedious D) reasonable65. Because my TV set _________ I could not watch the football game broadcast live last night.A) broke up B) broke off C) broke down D) broke out66. Jack was so ________ the computer game that he didn't notice my arrival.A) absorbed in B) grateful to C) thoughtful of D) associated with67. Over the years my father had gradually _________ a collection of ancient coins.A) absorbed B) accumulated C) grasped D) gripped68. Looking through the telescope(望远镜), the captain _____ a whale slowly emerging from the water.A) revealed B) searched C) scanned D) spotted69. Catching sight of her old friend Tom, Lucy _________ for him to come over and sit in a seat next to her.A) moved B) swayed C) signaled D) twisted70. How to create enough jobs for the laid-off workers is a(n) ________ problem for which there is no simple solution.A) complex B) internal C) emergency D) delicateDirections: Each blank in the following passages is provided with four choices. reach each of the passage and choose the best answer for each blank. Then, mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food 71）_____ it is badly cooked. The 72）_____ a meal is cooked and served is most important and an 73）_____ served meal will often improve a child's appetite. Never ask a child 74）_____ he likes or dislikes a food and never 75）_____ likes and dislikes in front of him or allow 76）_____ else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother 77）_____ vegetables in the child's hearing he is 78）_____ to copy this procedure. Take it 79）_____ grantedthat he likes everything and he probably 80）_____. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a 81）_____ dislike. At meal times it is a good82）_____ give a child a small portion and let him 83）_____ back for a second helping rather than give him as 84）_____ as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child 85）_____ meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not allow him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food so he can hurry back to his toys. Under no circumstances must a child be coaxed （哄骗）or forced to eat.71. A）if B）until C）that D）unless72. A）procedure B）process C）way D）method73. A）adequately B）attractively C）urgently D）eagerly74. A）whether B）what C）that D）which75. A）remark B）tell C）discuss D）argue76. A）everybody B）anybody C）somebody D）nobody77. A）opposes B）denies C）refuses D）offends78. A）willing B）possible C）obliged D）likely79. A）with B）as C）over D）for80. A）should B）may C）will D）must81. A）supposed B）proved C）considered D）related82. A）point B）custom C）idea D）plan83. A）ask B）come C）return D）take84. A）much B）little C）few D）many85. A）on B）over C）by D）duringEvery few weeks, outside the movie theater in practically any American town in the late 1910s, stood the life-size cardboard figure of a small tramp(流浪汉)--dressed (86)_______ ragged, baggy pants, a cutaway coat and vest and a battered derby hat -- (87) _______ the words I AM HERE TODAY. An advertisement(88) _______ a Charlie Chaplin film was a (89) _______ of happiness, of that precious, almost shocking moment when art delivers (90) _______ life cannot.Eighty years (91) _______ , Chaplin is still here. In a 1995 worldwide survey of film critics, Chaplin was voted (92) _______ greatest actor in movie history. He was the first, (93) _______ the last, person to control (94) _______ aspect of the filmmaking process -- (95) _______ his own studio and producing, directing, writing, and editing the movies he starred in. In the first few decades of the 20th century, (96) _______ weekly movie-going was the national (97) _______ , Chaplin more or less helped (98) _______ an industry into an art. In 1916, his (99) _______ year in films, his salary of $10,000 a week made him the highest-paid actor -- (100) _______ the highest-paid person -- in the world. (101) _______ 1920, the Chaplin craze, accompanied by a flood of Chaplin dances, songs, dolls, comic books and cocktails, was (102 _______ everywhere. Filmmaker Mack Sennett thought (103) _______ "just the greatest artist who ever lived." Other early admirers (104) _______ George Bernard Shaw, Marcel Proust, and Sigmund Freud. (105) _______ 1981 to 1987, IBM used the Tramp as the logo (标识) to advertise its venture into personal computers.86.A) for B) in C) by D) with87.A) bearing B) writing C) reading D) conveying88.A) on B) at C) for D) by。

给盲人读读书英语作文

给盲人读读书英语作文标题，Helping the Visually Impaired Through Reading An English Composition。

In today's world, where technology and innovation seemingly dominate every aspect of our lives, it's crucial not to overlook the needs of those who may not have access to or benefit from these advancements in the same way. Among these individuals are the visually impaired, who face unique challenges in accessing information and literature. However, through initiatives aimed at helping the blind to read, we can bridge this gap and ensure that everyone, regardless of their abilities, has the opportunity to explore the vast world of knowledge and imagination through books.One of the most significant ways to assist the visually impaired in reading is through audiobooks. Audiobooks offer a convenient and accessible means of enjoying literature without the need for physical texts. With the rise ofdigital platforms and streaming services, audiobooks have become more readily available than ever before. Organizations such as the National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) provide a vast collection of audiobooks for individuals with visual impairments, allowing them to explore various genres and authors attheir leisure.Another valuable resource for the visually impaired community is Braille literature. Braille is a tactile writing system that enables blind and partially sighted individuals to read and write through touch. By translating printed text into raised dots, Braille books provide a tangible means of accessing written information. Libraries and educational institutions often offer extensive collections of Braille books, covering everything from classic literature to educational materials. Additionally, advancements in technology have led to the development of refreshable Braille displays, allowing users to access digital content in Braille format, further expanding their reading options.In addition to audiobooks and Braille literature, there are various assistive technologies designed to aid the visually impaired in reading printed materials. Optical character recognition (OCR) software, for example, can convert printed text into digital formats that are compatible with screen readers or Braille displays. Moreover, advancements in wearable technology have led to the creation of devices such as smart glasses, which can scan and read text aloud in real-time, providing instant access to printed information for those with visual impairments.Beyond technological solutions, the importance of volunteer efforts and community support cannot be overstated in assisting the visually impaired with reading. Volunteer reader programs, where individuals lend their voices to record audiobooks or assist in reading aloud, play a vital role in making literature more accessible to the blind. Additionally, community libraries and organizations often host events and workshops aimed at promoting literacy among the visually impaired, providing opportunities for social interaction and shared readingexperiences.Furthermore, education plays a crucial role in empowering individuals with visual impairments to develop literacy skills and cultivate a love for reading. Specialized schools and programs cater to the unique needsof blind and visually impaired students, offeringinstruction in Braille literacy, assistive technology, and adaptive techniques for accessing printed materials. By investing in inclusive education and support services, society can ensure that individuals with visual impairments have the tools and resources they need to succeed academically and pursue their interests in literature.In conclusion, helping the visually impaired to read is not just a matter of accessibility; it's a fundamental aspect of promoting inclusivity and equality in our society. Through a combination of audiobooks, Braille literature, assistive technologies, volunteer efforts, and educational initiatives, we can empower individuals with visual impairments to unlock the transformative power of reading. By working together to break down barriers and expandopportunities for literacy, we can create a world where everyone has the freedom to explore, imagine, and learn through the written word.。

识别英文作文的软件

识别英文作文的软件英文，Identifying software for English essays。

As an AI language model, I would suggest using Grammarly or Turnitin to identify English essays. These software programs can detect grammar and spelling errors, as well as plagiarism. Grammarly provides suggestions for improving sentence structure and word choice, whileTurnitin checks for originality and can detect if the essay has been copied from other sources.However, it is important to note that these software programs are not perfect and may not catch every error or instance of plagiarism. It is still important for thewriter to proofread and edit their work before submitting it.As for writing an essay in both English and Chinese, it is important to keep the two languages separate. When switching between languages, it is helpful to use a clearmarker such as "English:" or "中文:" to indicate which language is being used. It is also important to ensure that the translations are accurate and convey the intended meaning.To illustrate, let me provide an example. Suppose I am writing an essay about my favorite hobby, cooking. In English, I might write:English: Cooking is one of my favorite hobbies. I love experimenting with new recipes and creating delicious meals for my friends and family. One of my specialties is homemade pizza, which I make from scratch using fresh ingredients.中文: 烹饪是我最喜欢的爱好之一。

2022—2023年六中高一上阶段测试11

哈尔滨市第六中学校阶段性检测高一英语试题时间：120分钟总分：150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.When are the speakers going to play tennis probably?A.Right now.B.Tomorrow.C.Next Sunday.2.What can we learn from the conversation?A.The traffic was bad.B.The woman missed the carnival.C.The weather was bad for a fortnight.3.Why is Anne late?A.She lives far away.B.She doesn’t have a car.C.She doesn’t have a phone.4.How much will the man pay for the tickets?A.18dollars.B.24dollars.C.30dollars.5.What is probably the woman?A.A clerk.B.A librarian.C.A waitress.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.What’s the funny film mainly about?A.Tall customers.B.A shop owner.C.Advertisements.7.Why did the customers come to the shop?A.They found themselves cheated.B.They thanked him for growing20centimeters taller.C.They found that too many people sent him money.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

ocr 版面还原方法

ocr 版面还原方法Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology has greatly improved over the years, but it still faces challenges when it comes to accurately reproducing the layout of a document. OCR software is designed to recognize and convert printed or handwritten text into editable and searchable data, but it often struggles with accurately reproducing the original document's layout, including columns, tables, and graphics. This can be frustrating for users who rely on OCR technology to digitize and preserve documents in their original format.光学字符识别（OCR）技术在多年来取得了巨大的进步，但在准确复原文档的版面方面仍然面临挑战。

OCR 软件旨在识别和转换印刷或手写文本为可编辑和可搜索的数据，但它经常难以准确复原原始文档的版面，包括列、表格和图形。

这对依赖OCR技术数字化和保留文档原始格式的用户来说是令人沮丧的。

One method to address the issue of OCR layout reproduction is to use advanced algorithms that can analyze and interpret the visual elements of a document. By incorporating machine learning andartificial intelligence, OCR software can better understand the structure and formatting of a document and reproduce it more accurately. This approach can help maintain the integrity of the original document's layout while still providing accurate text recognition capabilities.解决OCR版面复原问题的一种方法是使用先进的算法来分析和解释文档的视觉元素。