英语国家社会与文化入门试卷

一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each)
1. In England more than ___1__ of its population living in cities ,and about 2% of the population working in agriculture, so England is a highly urbanized country .
2. In the year of ____2_____,the first permanent settlement in North America was established, in today's Virginia .
3.Ralph Waldo Emerson, a American transcendentalist, published a startling book called __3__,he claimed by studying and respecting to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without form religion .
4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches the executive , _____4_____and the judicial.
5.One advantage of 5 over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has limited liability, so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets
6.The best -known stock exchange is New York Stock Exchange located in
_____6_____area of New York City
7.WASP stands for _______7______.
8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland,_______8_______and Poland.
9.The Letherstocking Tales, they refer to the five novels written by9.
10.A collection of poems written by Walt Whitman , it is a ground-breaking book. That is 10
11.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two sections:
________11________ and the percussion.
12. G.R.E and M.B.A. stand for Graduate Record Examination and
__________12________ in U.S education.
13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for ________13_________and Bachelor of Science in higher education.
14.The two most well known computer companies are ______14_______ and Apple in the United States.
15.Now the largest software company is _____15___________whose director is Bill Gates in the United States.
16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and internationally respected universities, they are Edinburgh and _______16____________.
17.The Britain, the official head of state is now ________17_______ while the real center of political life is in the House of Commons .
18.The British Constitution consists of statute law ,_____18___________ and convention.
19.In jazz music major musical instrument include __19_____, clarinet, piano , trombone , cymbal ,bell, hollow wooden block, chimes ,drum, guitar etc.
20.In the American education A.S. stands for ___20_______.
得分
二、Choose the correct answer for each of the following (35%)(1 point each)
1. The Supreme Court of in the U.S. today consist of a chief justice and ____ associate justices.
A. 1
B. 8
C.11
D.435
2. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except
A. challenging the authority of the Pope.
B. salvation through faith.
C. salvation through the church.
D. establishing a direct contact with God.
3. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?
A. separation of state and church.
B. respect of education.
C. intolerant moralism.
D. a sense of mission.
4. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from
A. George Washington.
C. John Adams.
B. Thomas Jefferson.
D. John Locke.
5. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?
A. Catholics.
C. Quakers.B. Puritans.
D. Church of England.
6. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?
A. The freedom of religion.
B. The freedom of searching a person's home by police.
C. The freedom of speech and of the press.
D. The right to own weapons if one wishes
7.Service industry does not include_______________.
A. Banking
B. Airline
B. management consultation
C. steelmaking
8. The United States produces as much as half of the world's
A. wheat and rice
B. cotton
C. tobacco and vegetable oil
D. soybeans and com
9. The latest technology that farmers have adopted is
A. artificial fertilizers C. tractors
B. pesticide D. computers
10. A ____ is a type pf play with comedy ,singing ,dancing, music and acrobatics performed for children at Christmas in western Europe.
A. pantomime C. Robin Hood
B. King Arthur D. Gone with Wind
11. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except
A. for finding a job in society.
B. for having a place in a community.
C. for identifying themselves with dominant values.
D. for getting together with friends.
12. In Britain and American there are many _______ in every city, town and village ,where sell almost sell every thing.
A. corner shops C. food shops
B. book shops D. grocer's shops
13.Which of the following was written by Thoreau?
A. Nature
B. Walden
D. The Fall of the House of Usher
C. The Scarlet Letter
14. ______________was mainly interested in writing about Americans living in Europe.
A. Henry James
B. Mark Twain
C. William Dean Howells
D. Stephen Crane
15. Three of the following authors are Nobel Prize winners. Which one is not.
A. Ernest Hemingway C. William Faulkner
B. Eugene O'Neill D. F. Scott Fitzgerald
16.______________does NOT belong to the "Lost Generation".
A. John Dos Passos C. F. Scott Fitzgerald
B. Ernest Hemingway D. John Steinbeck
17. ______was NOT written by Hemingway.
A. Light in August
B. The Sun Also Rises
C. A Farewell to Arms
D. For Whom the Bell Tolls
18. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the late 19th and early 20th century with exception of
A. Emily Dickinson
B. Edith Wharton
C. Willa Cather
D. Kate Chopin
19.Both public and private Universities depend on the following sources of income except,
A. investment
B. student tuition
C. endowments
D. government funding
20. The legislative branch of the U.S. consists of congress that is divided into:
A. the House of Representatives and the Senate
B. the House of Representative and the Senates
C. the House of commons and the House of Lords
D. the House of Common and the House of Lord
21. The complex drumming in the rhythm section of early jazz music was brought over to America by________
A. Spanish missionaries from Europe.
B .Black slaves from West Africa.
C. British colonists from Asia.
D. the Creole from the West India.
22.Which of the following is not a team game?
A. volleyball C. soccer
B. bowling D. field hockey
23 .If white –collar crimes were included in the Crime Index and if authorities were more vigorous in their enforcement of law ,the profile of a typical criminal in the United states would be_____
A. older C. white
B. wealthier
D. living near city centers
24. Which of the following used human being as guinea pigs to test drugs including LDS?
A. The FBI
B. The CIA
C. Congress
D. Richard Nixon
25. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____________
A. the Hippies
B. the Beat Generation
C. the Me Generation
D. the Lost Generations
26. Which of the following can NOT be found in London?
A. Teahouses.
C. Museums.B. Galleries.
D. Theatres.
27. The Tower Of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by
A. King Harold
B. Robin Hood
C. Oliver Cromwell
D. William the Conqueror
28. The ________provides a fair way for deciding whom to admit when then they have 10 or 12 applicants for every first year students seat in the U.S.
A.SATS
B.NBA
C.NEE
D.CBA
29. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for
A. its most famous landmark, the "Giant's Causeway".
B. its rich cultural life
C. its low living standards
D. its endless political problems
30. Which of the following about the Parliament is NOT true?
A. There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.
B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.
C. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.
D. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.
31. In modern political system in Britain MPs stands for_________.
A. members of parliament C. member of parliament
B. members of parliaments D. member of parliaments
32. ___________ made the first desktop PC.
A. Thomas Edison
B. Apple computers
C. Tow tong amateur inventors
D. Samuel F.B. More
33. These ____ and _____ stand today as Wales' great tourist attractions. Tourism is an important industry
A. castles and estates C. Giant's Causeway
B. Hadrian's Wall D. Royal Pavilion
34. The British Queen decided to open__________ to summer tourists to raise money, which caused a lot criticism from the public.
A. the Tower of London .
B. British Museum.
C. Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle.
D. Westminster Abbey
35.Dodds brothers, Johnny was on the ___________ ,Warren was on the
A . drum.. B. guitar. C. clarinet D. banjo.
A . drum.. B. guitar. C. clarinet D. banjo.
得分
三、Give brief explanations of the following ideas (Choose 5 from 8 to present on the paper )(25%)(5 point each)
1. a significant role of London
2.the Anglo-Saxons
3.two immigration movements to the Americas
4. American characteristics of religion
5.Three Faiths in the U.S.
6. the "Beat Generation"
7.Jazz music
8. Puritanism
得分
四、Analyze the causes that brought about the relative decline of the UK economy
(20%)
《英语国家社会与文化》考试试卷（B 卷）
Key Answer
一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each)
1. 80%
2. 1607
3. Nature
5 .corporation 4. the legislative 6. Wall Street
7.the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant8. Italy
9 .Fennimore Cooper.
11. the front line
13 .Bachelor of Arts 15 .Microsoft
10. Leaves of Grass
12. Master of Business Administration
14 .IBM
16 .Glasgow
17. the King18. the common laws
19 .violin20.Associate of Sciences
二、Choose the correct answer for each of the following (35%)(1 point each)
1- 5 BCADA
21-25 BDDBA 6-10 BDAAA11-15 AABAD16-20 DAAAA 26-30 ADADD
31-35 ACACC
三、Give brief explanations of the following ideas (Choose 5 from 8 to present on the paper )(25%)(5 point each)
1.a significant role of London
London is the capital of the UK, the largest city located in the south of the country. It's dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It's the cultural and
business centre and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain's big companies. It's not only the financial centre of the nation, but also one of the major international financial centers in the world. It is a huge weight in Britain's economic and cultural life.
2. the Anglo-Saxons
The Anglo-Saxons were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.
3. two immigration movements to the Americas
The American continents were peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first from Asia and the second from Europe and Africa.
4.American characteristics of religion
The Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be separated (Americans with different religions live together under the sane law). American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress. In the United States, every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its own building. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history.
5.Three Faiths in the U.S.
By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish, the order reflecting the strength in numbers of each group.
6.the "Beat Generation"
The "Beat Generation" was made up of a group of young writers in the 1950s based in San Francisco. The name referred simultaneously to the rhythm of Jazz music, to their sense that society was worn out, to the interest in new forms of experience, through drugs, alcohol or Eastern mysticism. Alan Ginsburg' s poem Howl set for them a tone of social protest.
7.Jazz music
Early jazz music first appeared in the Southern city of New Orleans at the end of the 19th century .It was a blend of folk music, Work chants, spirituals, marches , and even European classical music. A defining mark of this early New Orleans jazz was that a group of musicians improvising their notes in changing chords around a specific melodic line. All jazz bands use such instruments as a trumpet, a clarinet, a trombone, and percussion instruments
like the drum, banjo, and guitars. Jazz developed into the 1920's with two different styles, namely, the Chicago style jazz and the New York style
8. Puritanism
Puritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were God's chosen people while others were damned to hell. No church nor good works could save people, The sign of being God' s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.
四、Analyze the causes that brought about the relative decline of the UK economy(20%)
The UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945. But this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one .But Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly, it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the sixth. There are four reasons for the relative economic decline since 1945: firstly ,Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war, selling many
of its accumulated overseas assets, and borrowing large amounts from the United States and Canada. These debts meant that the UK entered the post-war era with a major economic problem; secondly, British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained independence. For example ,India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947, only 2 years after the end of the war. And the rest of the empire quickly followed India to independence, leaving Britain as just a medium-size European country ; thirdly Britain was heavily burdened with the huge military expenditure during relatively rapid and trouble-free the process of decolonization, which was still forced to maintain a substantial and expensive military presence in many overseas locations
until the process was completed ,mostly by the end of the 1960s . Also its position as one of the shapers of the post-war world required substantial military contributions both as one of NATO's major partners, and as a member of the UN Security Council. All this had the result that Britain spent a higher proportion of its national wealth on the military than most of its competitors; and fourthly, Britain also lacked the investment in modern equipment and new products for during the war its industry survived comparatively unaffected. British industry however could continue with its older factories and pre-war products, and given its other long-term .economic problems, This failure to invest sufficiently in industry also reflects a long-standing and continuing problem in the UK economy. relatively low rates of investment (the amount of money businesses put aside from profits to reinvest in the business in new products and production methods) were characteristic of the British economy in relation to other developed economies,
this contrasted greatly with some of its competitors ,the two most successful post-war economies, Japan and Germany. So the comparatively strong economic position Britain found itself in 1945 was in many ways deceptive.
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