高考英语Day 6 阅读理解(6)(议论文)
高考英语专项复习《阅读理解议论文》高考真题汇总
高考英语专项复习《阅读理解议论文》高考真题汇总2023年高考真题Passage 1【2023年全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.B. What humanity is concerned about.C. Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A. His report was scientific.B. He represented the local people.C. He ruled over Botany Bay.D. His record was one-sided.14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. Voice.D. Society.15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of AustraliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art Works Tell Stories2023年名校模拟题Passage 1(2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模)Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too.1.What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?A.It ignored marketing strategies.B.It priced itself relatively high.C.It lacked a particularly good taste.D.It focused on delight and pleasure. 2.What can be inferred about meaning seekers?A.They frequent high-end stores.B.They think products extend their lives. C.They hesitate to make decisions.D.They make more purchases with money. 3.How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?A.By giving some examples.B.By listing numbers and data.C.By explaining reasons.D.By making some comparisons.4.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.Innovation: a Product’s Life B.To Buy or not to BuyC.Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D.Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your WalletPassage 2(2023·山东淄博·统考三模)There is no universally accepted age that is considered old among or within societies. Often disagreements exist as to what age a society may consider old and what members in that society of that age and older may consider old. Moreover, biologists are not in agreement about the existence of an internal biological cause foraging.In general the social status of an age group is related to its effective influence in its society, which is associated with that group’s function in productivity. In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue to be productive members of their communities.In industrialized nations, although in certain fields old age is still considered significant, particularly in the political field, older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over, causing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial preparation for retirement has become an increased concern for individuals and society.Familial relationships tend to be the focus of the elderly’s attention. However, the tendency for young people in industrialized countries to be highly mobile has forced older people to decide whether to move to keep up with their families or to remain in neighborhoods which also change, altering their familiar patterns of activity. Although most older people do live within an hour from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people who function independently of their families. Adult education programs are beginning to close the generation gap; however, as each successive generation reaches old age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new problems arise requiring new social accommodations.5.What counts for the elderly in agricultural societies?A.Their status of respectability.B.Their value in productivity.C.Their rich knowledge in education.D.Their extraordinary ability to work. 6.What can we learn about the elderly’s retirement from Paragraph 3?A.It has faded the elderly worries.B.It means the end of productive ability.C.It is considered beneficial in all distances.D.It influences the elderly psychologically and financially.7.What does the underlined word “formulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Planning.B.Changing.C.Extending.D.Canceling.8.Where is this text probably taken from?A.A personal journal.B.A science research.C.A social issue review.D.A community brochure.Passage 3(2023·河南郑州·统考模拟预测)Some experts have been concerned lately about robots leaving humans behind, taking our jobs and possibly a lot more, as in sci-fi films. Christ of Koch, a famous neuroscientist (神经学家), has suggested a novel method. To keep up with the machines, we should increase our brainpower with brain implants (植人物).Koch notes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed or people unable to move control computers and robots, and they are being explored for the treatment of mental disorders. Future implants could help us download huge amounts of information instantly, he says, so we can learn “novel skills and facts without even trying”. “Another exciting aspect,” Koch says, “is combining two or more brains into a single conscious mind by direct neuron-to-neuron links.” Koch calls for a “crash program” in brain technologies to make us smarter.But Koch ignores the obvious facts that bad persons can hack (侵入) into our smartphones and laptops. What if hackers could attack our brains? They may be able to spy on, change or control the memories of people implanted with brain devices. What’s more, we are nowhere close to being able to strengthen the brain in the manner that Koch imagines. Scientists have been experimenting with neuro-technologies for mental illness for more than half a century, and they have little to show for it.Koch genuinely feared that science, far from addressing our problems, might exacerbate them. The use of robots in the workshop, for example, could cause mass unemployment. Do we just count the immediate job losses—without measuring any other potential positive effect on the economy? Despite losing some jobs to robots in the short term, the increase in productivity will help our overall economy grow faster, which, in turn, will create more, higher quality jobs than we had before.The future is not as scary as we think. Perhaps we’ve got serious problems on our hands, and we have a lot of work to do to settle them. Brain implants are not the answer.9.What leads to Koch’s optimism about future brain implants?A.The great advance in AI research.B.Their application in medical fields.C.The breakthrough in surgical techniques.D.Their easy adaptation to the human body.10.How does the author feel about Koch’s “crash program” in brain technologies?A.Disapproving.B.Unconcerned.C.Favorable.D.Excited. 11.What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean?A.Avoid.B.Worsen.C.Reduce.D.Answer. 12.What’s the best title for the text?A.Are Brain Implants at Risk of Hacker Attack?B.Will Robots Take the Place of Humans in Future?C.Will Brain Implants Let the Disabled Live Normally?D.Do We Need Brain Implants to Keep Up with Robots?Passage 4(2023·山西·校联考模拟预测)What do you want from life? Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things? Chances are that your answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but instead on how to get it.But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage (人质)to fortune. Events beyond any individual’s control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it’s a practice which we hone(磨练), imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.Recognizing this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory(虚幻的)hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults and to flower in spite of them.13.Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”?A.In paragraph 2.B.In paragraph 3.C.In paragraph 4.D.In paragraph 5.14.How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive?A.By making comparisons.B.By analyzing causes.C.By giving examples.D.By telling stories.15.What is Aristotle’s view on happiness?A.Happiness is a stable emotional state.B.Good personal relationships lead to happiness.C.Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.D.Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.16.What is the text mainly about?A.Happiness is what humans pursue forever.B.Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.C.Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.D.Depression and happiness are equally important.Passage 5(2022·广东佛山·统考模拟预测)One of the oldest metaphors (隐喻) for human interaction with technology is the relationship of master and slave. Aristotle imagined that technology could replace slavery if machine became automated. Marx and Engels saw things differently. “Masses of laborers are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine,” they wrote in the Communist Manifesto.Today, computers often play both roles. Nicholas Carr, in his new book The Glass Cage: Automation and Us, takes a stand on whether such technology imprisons or liberates its users. We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility of our high-tech traps gives us the ‘image of freedom’. He describes doctors who rely so much on decision-assistance software that they overlook signals that are not obvious from patients.All of this has obvious implications for the use of technology in classrooms: When do technologies free students to think about more interesting and complex questions, and when do they destroy the very cognitive (认知) capacities that they are meant to improve? The effect of spell check and AutoCorrect software is an example. Psychologists have found the act of forming a word in your mind strengthens your capacity to remember it. When a computer automatically corrects a spelling mistake, we’re no longer forced to form the correct spelling in our minds.This might not seem very important. The process of word formation is not just supplementing spelling skills, it’s also destroying students. When students find themselves without automated spelling assistance, they don’t face the prospect of freezing to death, as the Inuits did when their GPS malfunctioned, but they’re more likely to make errors. This creates a vicious cycle: The more we use the technology, the more we need to use it in all circumstances. Suddenly, our position as masters of technology starts to seem more insecure.17.What did Marx and Engels think of the machine?A.It did the boring daily work for people.B.It failed to free people from being enslaved.C.It gave people more time to enjoy themselves.D.It was the result of the development of technology.18.Which of the following is Nicholas Carr most likely to agree with?A.Technology is a guarantee of freedom.B.Doctors should stay away from technology.C.Too much involvement with technology may be risky.D.Some decision-assistance software needs improving.19.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph4 refer to?A.Students being unable to spell words correctly.B.Spell check helping students remember more words.C.Students depending too much on spelling software.D.Spellcheck destroying students’ cognitive capacities.20.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Is technology making people stupid or not?B.Which areas are most affected by technology?C.Are people satisfied with the advancement of technology?D.Why shouldn’t technology be employed in the classroom?Passage 6(2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测)When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology.“What’s so innovative about that?” a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. I Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked.We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.At best, this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology’s capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies thatapplied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.21.How does the author like about the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul? A.Unexceptional.B.Boring.C.Refreshing.D.Old-fashioned.22.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?A.Innovation is important for the growth of economy.B.The public has misread the meaning of innovation.C.The true meaning of innovation is to buy new things.D.Truly innovative ideas shouldn’t be simple and effective.23.What does the writer agree with about innovation?A.Wasting resources are a must for innovation.B.Magic devices encourage innovation.C.Innovation should be human-centered.D.The power of technology is undervalued.24.What is the writing purpose of the text?A.To convince people of the true meaning of innovation.B.To show that future lies in returning to the past.C.To introduce some best ideas about innovation.D.To stress the important role innovation plays in economy.Passage 7(2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测)A measure in the House’s $ 2 trillion economic bill would require states to cut greenhouse gas emissions (排放) promising rewards for transportation departments that post reductions and “consequences” for those that don’t.Peter A.DeFazio, chairman of the Transportation Committee, said the proposal is designed to push states to act. “We’re going to give them very large motivation to actually make those meaningful targets and deliver on those targets,” he said. According to the proposal, states that cut emissions could get a $ 1 billion pot of money and potentially receive other bonus funding fromthe federal government. The bill doesn’t spell out potential consequences for not reducing emissions, leaving the decision to national transportation officials. Experts say they could include barriers to accessing highly prized grant funds (拨款).Much of the attention on cutting emissions from the transport industry-the nation’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases-has focused on the adoption of electric vehicles by putting money in charging factories and supporting battery-powered cars. The new measure sides with environmental advocates who argue the nation can’t battle a changing climate without changing how Americans move around. Environmentalists say the nation’s changing to electric vehicles probably won’t happen quickly enough to limit temperature rises unless Americans can be convinced to drive less, and that would mean building new networks focused on walking, cycling and transit (运输).Opposition to the emission measure is deep-seated. The heads of five western state transportation departments wrote a letter to Capitol’s committee last month saying the proposal would harm rural areas because options such as heavy-traffic pricing are not well-suited to places which are populated in few people, and it doesn’t make sense to target those state agencies when there are multiple reasons that influence emissions, including fuel economy standards for cars and local decisions about where to build stores and homes.Kevin DeGood, a transportation researcher, said basic construction shape how people can get around. “It is funny that the state transportation departments suggest in the letter that they do not deeply influence greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation industry,” he said.25.How does the government provide motivation?A.By praising.B.By punishing.C.By financing.D.By restricting.26.What is an intended result of the bill?A.Greatly changed climate.B.More convenient stores.C.Stable fuel economy standards.D.Eco-friendly transport system.27.Why did some states mention heavy-traffic pricing?A.To oppose the emission measure.B.To introduce solutions to emission.C.To call for attention to rural areas.D.To list several reasons for emission. 28.What’s Kevin’s attitude towards the letter in paragraph 4?A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.Shocked.D.Confident.Passage 8(2023·四川成都·成都七中校考模拟预测)Thanks to in-depth reporting by The Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle withtheir body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.While the information the journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress caused by Instagram.Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for refusing to give data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were inactive, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it is almost impossible to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus of experts noting the damage new media could cause young viewers.Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.29.What does the author think of the criticisms against Instagram?A.They address the mental pain caused by Instagram.B.They are not directed at the fundamental problem.C.They are only based on the data released by Facebook.D.They are effective in changing teens’ interest in addictive apps.30.Why is Netflix mentioned?A.To defend why Facebook is to blame.B.To show Netflix does more harm to teens.C.To suggest the critics’ remarks are not to the point.D.To compare the criticisms against it and Facebook.31.Why is the Instagram problem essentially a “people problem”?A.People have a tendency to feel insecure online.B.People are keen on making up their self-profile.C.It is human nature to get addicted to social media.D.Users decide on their experiences on social media.32.What is the passage mainly about?A.The fierce criticism faced by Facebook.B.The harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers.C.The alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide.D.The root of mental sufferings caused by Instagram.Passage 9(2023·广东韶关·统考二模)Many of us seem to have lives that follow a certain path. From kindergarten all the way to marriage, every stage of our lives seems to be preset. Although this works well for many people, according to British motivational philosopher Jay Shetty, there is no “right” schedule to live our lives by.A few months ago, a video of Shetty’s speech Before You Feel Pressure went viral on the Internet across the world. In the video, he sends an important message that we should think “outside of the path” and have the courage to follow our hearts. Shetty adds that, we don’t have to get stressed and put ourselves in a race with our peers or judge our lives based on others. Everything in life happens according to our time, our clocks.In his inspiring speech, Shetty points out that UK author J. K. Rowling got her famous Harry Potter series published at age 32, after being turned down by 12 publishers. Shetty also mentions that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Group until he was 35 and US actor Morgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years old.We shouldn’t let anyone rush us. As Albert Einstein once said, “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that’s counted truly counts. ”The key to staying on our own tracks is to be patient and embrace our own passions. In Australian nurse Bronnie Ware’s best-selling book, she recorded the regrets of her dying patients, and the top one on the list was, “I wish l had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the one others expected of me.” Indeed, we are all unique in our personalities and gifts, and there’s no perfect fit for all. We should listen to our inner voices and unlearn what the world has taught us.“It is important to allow people to go back to being self-aware of their own interests, needs and concerns”, Shetty told National Geographic. “It’s disconnecting from what ‘makes sense’ to what actually moves you and what makes sense internally.”33.What is many people’s life path like according to Paragraph 1?。
【英语】高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析
【英语】高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1.阅读理解Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the world's oceans. A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish. And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the ti p of the problem. “Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom, and that remains on the surface actually breaks down. ”The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres, the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacifc Oceans, home of what some have plastic. What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water. And in some parts of the oceans, scientists have found more plastic than plant. ”The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain, sometimes visibly, and more so at the microscopic level, where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. “There are heavy metals, medicines, industrial waste in the sea, while it acts like magnets(磁铁). These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics, those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues. ”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters. The United States, although a leader in recycling, is one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic. There are efforts around the world to address the problem, including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩). But Andersen says there is more that people can do. “Cut back on single-use plastics, straws, plastic cups, plastic water bottles, plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.” She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.(1)What can we learn from the passage?A. There's all island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific.B. The bad effect of plastic pollution can't be seen by eyes.C. The United States is the least plastic polluters.D. The plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see.(2)What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3?A. Pollutants like heavy metals and medicines.B. The plastic particles.C. Seafood.D. Fatty tissues.(3)What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. All Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution.B. The plastic problem hasn't attracted the world's attention.C. Andersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem,D. People should stop using plastic products immediately.(4)Which may be the title of the passage?A. Plastic pollution in the World.B. Plastic pollution—Oceans'Disaster.C. Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceans.D. Plastic pollution and our health.【答案】(1)D(2)B(3)C(4)B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。
高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇:专题06 议论文专练二(原卷板)
专题06议论文专练二距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
1.(2022·山东淄博·校联考二模)Coming upon a clear - cut in an old forest is a shocking experience. Tees large and small are collapsed one above the other in pile, and the ground is covered with the tracks of heavy machinery. Such was the scene when forest activist Zack Porter and I hiked a newly built logging (伐木) road in Green Mountain National Forest.Clear - cutting in the American forests has long been widespread. But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning which is hotly debated - that clear - cutting benefits native creatures. The thinking is that clear - cutting done wisely can mimic natural disturbances, for example, from insect invasions or from storms overturning older trees that produce what ecologists call Early Successional Habitats - places where young trees and bushes get the upper hand and animals that depend on such habitat thrive.The project also states that forests “can only be saved by being destroyed” - by keeping them young. Timber (木材) interests are enthusiastic about the approach because it lets them profit from cutting trees while claiming the significance of conservation. Hunting groups favor it because a younger, less thick forest makes it easier to find the game and birds they're tracking.Nevertheless, Porter says, “Allowing some of the oldest standing trees in New England to be removed is equal to dereliction of duty on the part of the government, who sees the forests as commodities (商品).” “Forests canpr oduce clean water, clean air, carbon storage, and biodiversity that we need,” he continues as we walk among lovely mixed hardwoods and evergreens that are cut down for logging. “We shouldn't be removing them for short - term gain.”In this sense, Zack Porter's description of logging for wildlife for short - term gain - the short - term gain of favoring habitat for species people today want to see and hunt - is reasonable.1.How does the author start the text?A.By presenting some ideas. B.By listing some evidence.C.By comparing different views. D.By stating his own experience.2.Which argument does the Forest Habitat Creation Project hold?A.Profits can be made from logging.B.Clear - cutting is beneficial to the wildlife.C.The conservation of forest is of significance.D.Clear - cutting can cause natural disturbances.3.What does the underlined word “dereliction” mean in paragraph 4?A.Fulfillment. B.Promise. C.Misconduct. D.Exposure.4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.A New Approach to Forest ProtectionB.A Hiking Experience in the Logging RoadC.How to Build Early Successional Habitats?D.Is Clear - cutting Forests Good for Wildlife?2.(2022·福建泉州·统考一模)People today are not unfamiliar with term such as "going eco-friendly" and "sustainable lifestyle". However, there exists a group of sceptics(怀疑论者)who believe that going eco-friendly is merely a fad(一时的风尚). I disagree with this viewpoint, Going eco-friendly is not merely a fad and it does, in fact, change the beliefs and attitudes of people.The long-term presence of environmental organisations shows the efforts that people have made towards going eco-friendly. Organisations such as World Wildlife Fund advocate people to go eco-friendly. The high involvement of the organisations and the participants is thus a strong indicator that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad but a trend that can last decades.Another strong indicator is the emergence of sustainable products in many industries, such as organic produce and electric vehicles. The consumer demand, coupled with eco-conscious(环保意识的)businesses, is behind the sharp increase in such products. This shows a shift in the beliefs and attitudes of people towards adopting a sustainable lifestyle. Thus, it seems quite certain that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad.While some people who broadcast their eco-friendly practices are criticised for just hoping to project an eco-conscious image, there are a number of celebrities who have been practising the zero-waste lifestyle for years. For those who do so for years, and not mere days or months, it is indeed a commitment that can only come with atrue change in beliefs and attitudes towards caring for the earth.The call to save the earth looks set to stay. With the development of technology and the appearance of many platforms advocating going green, people are more willing to change their beliefs and attitudes when they can learn about and appreciate the positive impact of the work of different environmental organisations and individuals. It is hoped that these effects will go a long way in ensuring that our planet will remain a suitable place to live in. 5.Why does the author mention World Wildlife Fund?A.To appreciate its environmental efforts.B.To encourage people to go eco-friendly.C.To evidence the universal recognition of going green.D.To highlight the difficulty in changing people's attitudes.6.What does the underlined word "emergence" mean in paragraph 3?A.Sudden disappearance. B.Sharp increase.C.Gradual development. D.Limited application.7.What does the author expect of technology development?A.It may discourage people from sustainable lifestyle.B.It may boost the business of organic produce.C.It will be used to project an eco-conscious image.D.It will promote environmental awareness.8.What is the author's purpose in writing this text?A.To prove going eco-friendly a lasting trend.B.To popularize the eco-friendly products.C.To offer strategies to go eco-friendly.D.To advertise for eco-friendly platforms.3.(2022秋·天津·高三天津市扶轮中学校考期末)If I could give today’s young people three wishes, they would be: More hugs. More time outside in nature. More belief in their own power to change the world. While most people understand the importance of the first two wishes, the third one leaves some folks wondering why young people’s belief in their own power is so essential.Let’s start with the idea that all of us-especially young people-need heroes. We need them to be our guides on the difficult trail (足迹) we call life and to show us just how far we can go. And we need heroes today more than ever. Our modern society is terribly confused about the difference between a celebrity (名人) and a hero. And the difference is vital. A celebrity is all about fame (名望)-temporary, superficial fame, usually for qualities that are easy to see: a pretty face, a great dance move. A hero, by contrast, is about character-qualities under the surface that aren’t visible until they take action.Heroes are all around us. They truly hold our world together, through their unselfish devotion to helping others, teaching children, and protecting the environment. They don’t want fame, or glory; they just want to help. In somany ways, these unsung heroes pilot the boat in which all of us sail.Yet, young people hear a lot more about celebrities than about heroes in the media. The hidden message they get from all this is that their self-worth comes from what they buy-which shoes, which cell phone-not who they are down inside. What gets lost in this? Young peop le’s sense of their own potential for heroic qualities-their own power to make a positive difference in the world. Truth is, there is a potential hero, a future difference maker, in every young person. Each of them, from whatever background, is a positive force who can do something. All it takes for that to be true is belief.How do we help young people believe in their own power? The best way is simply to share examples, of other young people who have made a difference.Ryan, age 11, has worked tirelessly to raise money to provide clean drinking water to African villages. When he first heard about the plight (困苦) of African children who died from impure water, Ryan was only six years old. In the next five years, he raised over $500, 000-enough to build over 70 water wells.Barbara, age 17, grew up on a farm in Texas. When she realized that local farmers were pouring their used motor oil into rivers, causing pollution, she organized the creation of a recycling center for crude (未加提炼的) oil. Her project has grown to include 18 recycling centers in Texas.The list could continue. These are but a few examples of young people who have discovered that they can build on their own energy to do something great.9.What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 2?A.To give examples of celebrities and heroes around us.B.To discuss the differences between celebrities and heroes.C.To provide definitions of the words “celebrity” and “hero”.D.To explain the details about being celebrities and heroes.10.What is the meaning of the word “superficial” in Paragraph 2?A.Not known.B.Unexpected.C.Undeveloped.D.Without depth.11.What could be inferred from Paragraph 3?A.Heroes make the world go round.B.Heroes must believe in themselves.C.Heroes focus on social welfare programs.D.Heroes promote cooperation between people.12.How does the author advance his view that young people have the potential to be a hero?A.By defining the qualities that make a young person a hero.B.By contrasting the achievements made by different young people.C.By giving examples of young people who show the qualities of a hero.D.By providing examples of qualities that have made young people famous.13.What is the main idea of the passage?A.More heroes are needed in the world.B.Celebrities are reported too much in the media.C.Adults should become role models for young people.D.Young people should believe in their ability to make a difference.4.(2022·全国·模拟预测)Remember the time when summer holidays felt really long? But the older you got, the faster the days disappeared until months and years went by without you realizing it. So why does this happen?Several explanations have been put forward to explain this phenomenon. The simplest of these is that it takes longer to encode new experiences than familiar experiences, and when you’re young, all experiences are relatively new, so time seems to go slower.For example, if you are a five-year-old kid, then the past two years of your life represent 40% of all the life you’ve lived and can recall. But when you are a 50-year-old adult, then the past two years represent only 4% of all your recallable life. So, for a kid, two years might seem to last forever, but for an adult, those two years might not even seem long at all.Another theory proposed by Professor Adrian Bejan is that it is related to the number of mental images the brain encounters and organizes and the state of our brains as we age. When we get older, the rate at which changes in mental images are perceived decreases because of several transforming physical features, including vision and brain complexity. Days seemed to last longer in your youth because the young mind receives more images during one day than the same mind in old age.Just as a higher number of frames per second can give you a slow-motion video on a camera, life seems to go slowly when you’re young, and just as a lower number of fr ames per second can give you a fast-motion video, life seems to hurry by when you’re older.It isn’t just age that changes our perception(感知)of time. Every single one of us has felt the seconds drag by when we’re bored and things seem to move in slow motion when we’re in life-threatening situations. But if we’re having fun, time flies by before we know it.14.What is the function of the first sentence in paragraph 1?A.To introduce the main topic. B.To ask readers’ opinions.C.To summarize the whole passage. D.To describe long summer holidays.15.What does Adrian Bejan think perceiving time has to do with?A.Our emotion’s changes.B.Our brain’s processing speed.C.The improvement of our life quality. D.The enrichment of our life experiences.16.How does the author argue for his opinion?A.By asking questions. B.By listing numbers.C.By making comparisons. D.By providing examples.17.What is the best title for the text?A.How We Perceive Time With AgeB.Time Seems to Slow Down With AgeC.Why Time Goes Faster as We Grow OlderD.Our Mood Determines Our Perception of Time5.(2022·全国·一模)In July, Australian artist Matthew Griffin had his work Pickle(《酸黄瓜》)exhibited at a New Zealand gallery. The work is merely a pickle taken from a McDonald’s burger, stuck onto the gallery’s ceiling with ketchup(番茄酱)on it. With a price tag of NZ$10,000 (about 42,200 yuan), it started an ongoing debate: Is this art?In fact, this is not the only strange artwork people have seen in recent years. In 2019, Italian artist Maurizio Cattel an’s work Comedian featured a store-bought banana with duct tape(强力胶). Far before that, Artist Rogier van der Zwang used 3D animation instead of painting materials to make visual rainbow. These trends bring us back to the classic discussion on how to understand art.As British art historian Ernst Gombrich famously put it, “There really is no such thing as art. There are only artists.” Art is a personal expression; ultimately its agency is created by the artist. As each era cultivates its unique artists, the private message an artwork conveys can connect with every individual across time. Great artists from the past to the present all enjoy both fame and criticism. The way they appeal to certain audiences and encourage a wide range of debates and interpretations is exactly the charm of art.Opponents may hold that despite the artist’s right to create, it is not up to the artist to determine if a piece of work is considered art. It is true that we see only the leftover of a cheeseburger. There is no real technique in Griffin’s Pickle. However, this is also where it is open to interpretation: For some, the pickle seems meaningless and artificial; for some, the pickle can be a commercial and cultural symbol. There is undoubtedly an innovation of “form”. It shows the artist’s exploration of the vehicle of art. The slice of pickle can be seen as a symbol. The ketchup plays an influence on the colors, with the surrounding white wall being another vehicle for expression.After all, art welcomes various responses, which explains why viewing art is such an engaging experience.In a word, we should always keep an open mind toward any embodiment(化身)of art.18.What do we know about the work Pickle?A.It’s made on the gallery’s ceiling.B.It is as simple as the banana work.C.People’s opinions vary on the work.D.People think it’s not worth the money.19.Which of the following is true according to paragraph 3?A.Art can connect with people easily.B.Artists are always admired by people.C.The interpretation of art is critical.D.The understanding of art is subjective.20.What’s the author’s attitude to the work Pickle?A.Objective B.Opposed C.Favorable D.Indifferent21.According to this passage , art can be best described as ______.A.connective but unreal B.charming but untouchableC.abstract but engaging D.appealing but controversial6.(2022·吉林·统考模拟预测)No business would welcome being compared to gambling (赌博). Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children ar e “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder”— in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. Those who don’t think so say that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’n’roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected.However, supporters argue that games developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. For one thing, the business-model has changed. In the old days games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). For another, games-makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players’ spending. The biggest spenders are known as “whales”, a term that originated in casinos (赌场).The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, whether it is fairly or not, will not do the industry any good. 22.What do we know from Paragraph 1?A.It is not suitable to compare video games to gambling.B.Parents compla in about their children’s addiction to gambling.C.More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”.D.Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease.23.What does the underlined words “moral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Wrong judgment on how harmful something is.B.Trouble caused by someone’s immoral behavior.C.Social progress caused by science and technology.D.Panic due to the gap between the rich and the poor.24.What do games developers do to make games attractive?A.They don’t charge players for in-game goods.B.They adjust products based on received data.C.They keep players’ video game machines updated.D.They reward big spenders with a unique title.25.In the last paragraph, the author aims to ______.A.offer a suggestion B.make a predictionC.give a warning D.put forward a solution7.(2022·广东·一模)In the autumn of 1853 Thomas Butler Gunn got lost — temporarily rather than physically. On a visit to Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, and isolated from the outside world, his diary quickly divorced the time order of reality. Wednesdays are repeated and days go mislabelled. It took around a fortnight, and renewed contact with civilization, for Gunn to restore his weekly bearings.The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. People from Nigeria to China have lived well without them.And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. “Weekly rhythms have become so thoroughly absorbed into ordinary human experience,” Mr Henkin writes, “that forgetting what day it is constitutes a singular symptom and feeling of disorientation (迷失方向).” His new book shows how the week cam e to rule the world.But when newspapers, factory schedules and weekly paydays were all rarer, the weekly structure was less important. People got confused. As late as 1866, the Louisville Courier mentioned a man getting drunk on Friday because he thought it was Saturday.As towns grew and society became more complicated, citizens “became differently and more intensely week-oriented, in ways we can now recognize as modern”. When his local charity met on Wednesdays in 1859, and choral concerts were scheduled for Fridays, James Fiske of Massachusetts couldn’t afford to mix up his days. Japan formally adopted the seven-day system only in 1873; all the same, a character in a novel by Haruki Murakami is as sure of something “as I am sure that today is Wednesday”.26.What is the function of Paragraph 1?A.To introduce the topic. B.To clarify a concept.C.To record some experience. D.To make a prediction.27.Why can a sense of week be so fragile?A.Because it does rule the world. B.Because it is tightly related to reality.C.Because it is not used very often. D.Because it is not based on astronomy.28.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A.The influence of abusing the week.B.The change of weekly rhythms.C.The disadvantage of using the week less.D.The importance of changing the weekly structure.29.What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the week?A.Positive. B.Intolerant. C.Negative. D.Unclear.8.(2022·浙江杭州·校联考模拟预测)In 2007, a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems, at first blush, as if it would never need testing: whether more happiness is always better than less. The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they performed worse in school than those who were merely “happy.”As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. It may give you a life that you find you don’t want, one in which you don’t reach your full potential, you’re reluctant to take risks, and you choose short-lived pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning.The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. The author Emmy Gut argued in 1989 that some depressive symptoms can be a functional response to problems in the environment, leading us to pay appropriate attention and come up with solutions. In other words, when we are sad about something, we may be more likely to fix it. Psychologists call this the “analytical rumination hypothesis”.Obviously, this is not to argue that clinical depression is good — misery can quickly make people incapable of solving problems. Rather, the analytical rumination hypothesis is evidence that getting rid of bad feelings does not necessarily make us more effective in our tasks. And if these emotions can help us assess threats, it stands to reason that too much good feeling can lead us to disregard them. The literature on substance use suggests that this is so: In some people, very high degrees of positive emotion have been connected to dangerous behaviors such as alcohol and drug use and binge eating.So though suffering should never be anyone’s goal, each of us can fight for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully experience the rain that unavoidably falls as well.30.What can be concluded from the 2007 study about happiness?A.More happiness is always better.B.Full happiness is not totally beneficial.C.People should avoid happiness to lead a meaningful life.D.Very happy subjects perform better than merely happy ones.31.What do we know about analytical rumination hypothesis?A.People who are sad are not likely to take risks.B.Bad feelings like depression might help solve problems.C.People with depressive symptoms tend to ignore threats.D.Clinical depression can lead to effective task performance.32.Which of the following would the author probably agree?A.We should avoid good feelings.B.A risky life is going to bring disappointment.C.Happiness itself would lose its meaning without misfortune.D.Dislike to happiness can lead us to abandon a meaningful life.9.(2022·浙江·浙江省淳安中学校联考三模)You might try spending about 15 minutes out on the Web gathering experts’ predictions about what lies in the political future. You are likely to find a diversity of opinions on every issue. So, who should you believe? According to a long-term study conducted by psychologist Philip Tetlock, the safest answer is that you shouldn’t believe anyone. Let’s see why.To study the collective wisdom of experts, Tetlock recruited a sample of 284 individuals who had strong qualifications for making political predictions with respect to certain countries or regions of the world. He asked individuals to make predictions of this sort: “How likely is it that after the next election, the party that currently has the most representatives in the legislative (立法的) branch of government will keep this status... will lose this status, or will strengthen this position?” The questions were made concrete for different countries and regions.Because there were three options for each question, participants should have been right one third of the time just by chance. I f they had true expertise, they should have been right much more often than that. But they weren’t. In fact, in some comparisons experts did worse than chance.If experts perform so poorly in their predictions, why does anyone still listen to them? Because of experts’ confidence and fame. Besides, the media rarely tracks down the expert who made the confident prediction even if experts aren’t generally held responsible for their predictions.Here’s a safe conclusion from Tetlock’s research: With regard to p olitics, no one can routinely predict the future. Some people do a bit better than others, but you can’t use their confidence or fame to know who those people are. Still, it’s important to note that this research is about a particular type of expert and a particular type of prediction. You shouldn’t discount all experts. For example,when you consult medical doctors, they should be able to make their predictions based on years of education and prior experience. Also, they are regularly held responsible for the accuracy of those predictions!33.What’s the function of the first paragraph?A.To introduce the topic of the passage.B.To introduce a way of doing the research.C.To attract the interest of the readers.D.To give the purpose of writing the passage.34.What might be the purpose of giving participants three options for each prediction?A.To show the importance of the study.B.To indicate experts did worse than chance.C.To reveal experts are right one third of the time.D.To compare participants’ predict ing accuracy with chance.35.Which of the following agrees with Tetlock’s ideas?A.Experts must be responsible for their prediction.B.The opinions of political experts matter to the media.C.Experts’ confidence and fame tell us a lot about who they are.D.Medical experts are generally reliable in their medical prediction.36.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Can medical experts predict the future?B.Can political experts predict the future?C.How should you judge political experts?D.How political experts predict the future?10.(2022·江西·江西师大附中校考三模)When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology.“What’s so innovative (创新的) about that?” a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked.We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.At best, this is a waste of resource. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology’s capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies that applied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.37.Why is a librarian mentioned?A.To set an example. B.To cite an authority.C.To make a prediction. D.To present an argument.。
天津市高考英语阅读理解复习题(附答案)(6)
天津市最新高考英语阅读理解复习题(附答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1.阅读理解Imagine someone who has spent the majority of their life sitting with a sign on the side of the road and that very person giving someone their last20dollars.That's exactly what Marine Corps veteran(退伍军人)Johnny Bobbitt,34,did in October in Philadelphia.Bobbitt served in the U.S.Marine Corps and worked as a paramedic(医务辅助人员)in Vance County,N.C.before he became homeless.Nobody knew how he got to where he was because he was discreet about that.One night in October,Bobbitt was sitting roadside with a sign in Philadelphia as usual,when Kate McClure of Florence Township,N.J.was driving home down Interstate95and ran out of gas. Scared and nervous,she got out of the car to head to the nearest gas station.As McClure was heading to the nearest gas station,she ran into Bobbitt and he told her to get back in the vehicle and lock the door.Minutes later,he appeared with a red gas can.He'd used his last$20to buy her gas.After that unexpected meeting,McClure and her boyfriend,Mark D'Amico,who both live in New Jersey,visited Bobbitt several times to deliver gift cards,cash,snacks and toiletries.They then decided to create a fund raising page so he wouldn't have to spend the holidays sleeping on the street.McClure started the GoFundMe page on November10.With the page,the couple hoped to raise$10,000,enough money for his rent,a reliable vehicle and up to six months'expenses. Bobbitt's story ran in a local paper.By November15,more than10,000local people had made donations through the GoFundMe page and more than$300,000had been raised.On Thanksgiving,Bobbitt was resting in a hotel,his feet up on the bed,drawing up a grand plan for his new life,thanks to several thousand dollars raised to repay him for a good deed.(1)What does the underlined word"discreet"in paragraph2most probably mean?A.Doubtful.B.Cautious.C.Guilty.D.Optimistic.(2)McClure met Bobbitt when she___.A.couldn't find a gas stationB.got to the way homeC.couldn't unlock her carD.was in search of gas(3)It can be known from the text that_.A.Bobbitt's story obtained wide attentionB.Bobbitt became world-famous overnightC.the GoFundMe page collected over$400,000for BobbittD.the GoFundMe page was started to help people like Bobbitt(4)What is the best title for the text?A.A Homeless Veteran Paid Kindness ForwardB.A Homeless Veteran Had a Generous HeartC.A Homeless Veteran's Kindness Paid OffD.A Small Kindness Made a Big Difference【答案】(1)B(2)D(3)A(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,一个无家可归的退伍军人将身上仅有的二十美元买了汽油送给在回家途中汽车没油的年轻女子,事后这名女子和她的男朋友专门建了一个网页为他募捐,使他不用再睡在大街上。
高考英语一轮复习阅读理解之议论文解题技巧点拨 (含答案解析)
高考英语一轮复习议论文解题技巧知识点1:议论文概述1.文体概述议论文也就是说理性的文章, 通常由论点、论据、论证过程和结论组成。
作者往往根据一些很普通的事实,通过严谨的思维,缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。
该类文章逻辑性强,命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手,考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。
2.语篇特点为了突出写作目的, 作者常在文章开头就提出论点, 以便读者对作者观点有一个比较清晰的了解。
提出论点之后, 作者就会提供论据来论证论点是否正确。
作者可以用来论证的方法较多, 最为常见的方法是正反论证, 这样的论证思路清晰, 观点明确, 说服力强, 震憾度高。
论证结束之后, 作者常就论点是否正确提出明确结论, 它体现作者的写作目的和文章的现实意义。
也就是说, 议论文一般会按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。
3.主要题型从近几年的高考英语试题来看,议论文类阅读理解的命题类型主要有:1)主旨题:考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解,是主旨题设题的目的。
做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么,即作者写此文章的目的。
2)推理判断题:这种题型的特点是以事实为依据,但其结果又绝不是事实本身。
它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力,侧重于推理。
3)细节题:细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。
这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。
4)词义理解题。
英语词语的词意非常丰富,语境不同,词意也不同,要专心揣摩在上下文中第 1 页共18 页的含义。
4. 解题技巧第一,抓论点、寻论据。
阅读议论文我们要抓住论题,即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。
抓住了论题,我们就把握了中心。
第二,注重文章结构,理清文章脉络。
把握文章结构,有利于对文章大意的理解。
从论证方法上讲,常见的议论文结构有以下两类:1. Put forward a question →Analyze the question →Solve the question这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。
高考英语阅读理解课外自练题(6)
定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校苏州中学2014高考英语阅读理解课外自练题(6)及答案阅读理解Tui Na and Your Emotional HealthIn Traditional Chinese Medicine the body, mind and spirit cannot be divided and so the unique whole-body treatment in Tui Na can also be a useful treatment correcting any imbalances in the body's energy before symptoms and disease can develop. It also works to restore emotional harmony as well as physical health. This is why after a Tui Na treatment many people "feel good". Many people in China use Tui Na regularly to keep healthy and to deal with some specific illnesses.Tui Na is performed on the clothed body and the patient is either lying on a couch or sitting on a chair. Therapists using a variety of strokes or movements will control the intensity and direction of pressure in an exact way. The unique rolling movement in Tui Na is one of the most difficult strokes to learn and students have to practice sometimes for many months on a rice bag before they are allowed to practice on the human body.StressTui Na is of course very useful for treating stress.It distribu tes the energy around the whole body. It is believed that Tui Na moves the strong energy in the tense muscles to the weaker areas, thus making a more balanced body. When your Qi (energy in the body)flow is balanced you feel relaxed and comfortable. Tui Na is especially useful for stiff shoulders and tense neck muscles.EmotionsIn Traditional Chinese Medicine each major organ is linked to an emotion. By balancing the energy in the organ, the relevant emotion will be calmed. When your emotions are out of control, you would usually turn to your doctor or perhaps a psychotherapist. But perhaps some people would not like to be seeing a psychotherapist or feel nervous about discussing their problems with others. With Tui Na one does not need to tell the therapist anything one does not want to. The treatment of Tui Na can deal with the problem itself — although if one does need to talk, then the safe space is there to do so. An active dialogue between the therapist and the patient will help to get a better effect.How the major organs rule your emotionsEach major organ — the heart, the stomach, the spleen, the liver, the bladder, the kidneys, the lungs, etc. —is linked to a relevant emotion. The heart is linked to joy, excitement and sadness. If the heart is out of balance, the patient may dream a lot at night and often forget something important in the day.The stomach and spleen are connected with too much thinking or worrying —over anxiety. When the stomach is out of balance there is often a lackof energy. The patient often feels very tired and has no interest in do-ing anything at all.The liver and gall bladder are linked to anger. In Chinese Medicine the eyes are connected with the liver, and many people who suffer from an-ger often suffer from eye problems. The gall bladder rulesdecision-making and too much energy here can lead to rashness, while if there is too little it can bring about indecision. Where there is a history of depression, the therapist would look to the liver.The bladder and kidneys are linked to fear of all kinds, from simple anxieties and phobias to vague fears and worries.The lungs are connected with feelings of grief and sadness. When there is a history of grief, the therapist would look to the lungs.Tui Na is used in almost all the hospitals in China and very popular among Chinese people. It is a useful and valuable method of restoring Qi balance, when emotional and physical health is out of balance. Tui Na is one of the remaining secrets of Chinese Medicine.1. According to the passage, which statement is TRUE about Tui Na?A. Tui Na is a whole-body treatment and can't be divided into different parts.B. Tui Na can be used to balance the diseases before they can develop in the body.C. Tui Na can bring back not only physical health but also emotional health.D. Tui Na only makes people "feel good" but do not actually cure disease.2. How can the emotion be calmed?A. By linking the organ to an emotion.B. By telling the therapist anything one does not want to.C. By discussing their problems with others.D. By balancing the energy in the relevant organ.3. When the stomach is out of balance, .A. the patient will have a stomachacheB. the patient will have a lot to worry aboutC. the patient will have nothing to doD. the patient will not feel like doing anything【参考答案】1—3、CDD阅读理解----Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen children.In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dream.They both wanted to pursue their talent for art.After many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement.They would toss a coin.The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academy.Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brotherat the academy.Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to Nuremberg.Albert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation (轰动).By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works.When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate Albrecht’s triumphant(胜利的)homecoming.Albrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream.“And now, Alber t, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turn.Now you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you.”Tears streaming down his pale face, Albert sobbed, “No...no...It is too late for me.Look...look at what four years in the mines have done to my hands!The bones in every finger have been broken at least once, and lately I have been suffering from arthritis(关节炎)so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less draw delicate lines with a pen or a brush.”To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brother’s injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward.He called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it “The Praying Hands”.The next time you see a copy of that touching creation, let it be your reminder—no one ever makes any success alone!【文章大意】本文叙述了有两个兄弟家境贫困,通过扔硬币来决定了弟弟Albrecht Durer去学习艺术了,哥哥 Albert要去危险的矿井干活供弟弟上学。
江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(6)含答案解析
江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(6)含答案解析【题文】Is Cash Becoming Outdated?When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn’t get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone, he pays for virtually everything he needs: groceries at the supermarket, a few oranges from a market stall, or a cup of sweet milky tea from a café. Mr. Dahir boasts, “Even lying in bed, you can be paying your bills.”Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide revenue for banks, credit card companies and payment processors, and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. “I don’t even carry money any more,” says Adan Abokor, a democracy activist. “I haven’t seen c ash for a long time. Almost every merchant, even hawker (小贩) on the street, accepts payment by cellphone. There’s no waiting for it and no counting of cash.”The system is impressively simple and secure. Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN, and then entering the retailer’s payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment.Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. The printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous and hard to track criminal activities to be conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society do when the power goes off. Do they choose to barter (物物交换) and rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency. “Ironically, the day after the largest bank in Norwa y, DNB, proposed ending all cash dealings, I went to my local grocery store and when I tried to pay by phone, I was told that I needed to go to the ATM to get cash because the system was broken.” said an interviewee.Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported. Privacy, security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology. New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.【答案】56. access57. Advantages/Benefits58. save/free/spare59. safe/secure60. cost/expense61. convenient/easy62. failure/cut63. privacy64. use/effect/adoption65. disappear/vanish【解析】这是一篇议论文。
高考英语阅读理解-议论文5篇真题训练
高考英语复习阅读理解专练议论文5篇Passage 1(2017北京,D)Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off”as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.”However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented theneutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A.run out of human controlB.satisfy human’s real desiresmand armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots’affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.Passage 2(2016课标Ⅰ,D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attemptsmay be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value ofsilence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is GoldPassage 3(2016浙江,A)“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?”Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感).Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore orwhat Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have.1.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .A.introduce a topicB.present an argumentC.describe the charactersD.clarify his writing purpose2.An important negative effect of gossip is that it .A.breaks up relationshipsB.embarrasses the listenerC.spreads information aroundD.causes unpleasant experiences3.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it .A.gives them a feeling of pleasureB.helps them to make more friendsC.makes them better at telling storiesD.enables them to meet important people4.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can .A.provide students with written rulesB.help people watch their won behaviorsC.force schools to improve student handbooksD.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors5.What advice does the author give in the passage?A.Never become a gossiper.B.Stay away from gossipers.C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies.D.Think twice before you gossip.Passage 4(2016北京,D)Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on”new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces”within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.2.The underlined word “passage”in Paragraph 2 means .A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author, what role should college play?A.To develop a shared identity among students.B.To define and regulate students’social behavior.C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.D.To foster students’intellectual and personal development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionPassage 5(2014课标Ⅰ,C)A typical lion tamer(驯兽师)in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it’s mostly for show.In reality,it’s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want toaccomplish,someone you want to become...take immediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.1.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A.To trick the lion.B.To show off his skills.C.To get ready for a fight.D.To entertain the audience.2.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A.They feel puzzled over choices.B.They hold on to the wrong things.C.They find it hard to make changes.D.They have to do something for show.3.What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.4.When the world is “waving a chair in your face”,you’re advised to .A.wait for a better chanceB.break your old habitsC.make a quick decisionD.ask for clear guidance答案全解全析Passage 1[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。
高考阅读体裁篇之议论文 (真题+各地名校试题)--备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)
专题五:高考阅读体裁篇备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破考向3 议论文Passage 1 (2021·全国·高考真题)Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the stud y found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”1.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A.They're unfair. B.They're conservative.C.They're objective. D.They're strict.2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A.They think themselves smart.B.They look up to great thinkers.C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs3.Why are more geniuses known to the public?A.Improved global communication.B.Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors' concepts.D.Changes in people's social positions.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Geniuses Think Alike B.Genius Takes Many FormsC.Genius and Intelligence D.Genius and LuckPassage 2 (2021·北京·北师大实验中学三模)In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psycholo gist B.F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children inearly adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must fo llow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.5.According to the passage, education technology can ________.A.decrease teachers’ working loadB.facilitate personalized learningC.help standardize curriculumsD.be loved by schoolchildren6.Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?A.The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.B.Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.C.Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.D.Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.7.The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.A.at the service of teachingB.limited in use among pupilsC.aimed at narrowing the wealth gapD.in line with students’ learning styles8.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To stress the importance of edtech.B.To introduce the application of edtech.C.To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.D.To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.Passage 3 (2021·浙江·台州市书生中学模拟预测)“When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German working in London. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbors do.The British love for dog-walking may have more to do with the walking than the dogs. Britons are big walkers –they came fifth in the world in a study in 2017, the highest in Europe. Dogs provide walkers with company and a purpose, so it may be that walking encourages dog-ownership.But Julien Dugnoille, an expert at Exeter University, suspects dog-walking has a deeper significance. Dogs, he suggests, are a useful aid to a socially awkward nation. “Britons tend to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger.”A tradition among the British nobles of owning and training dogs also leads Dr Dugnoille to assume thatdog-walking is a way to keep ancient honor. “When people in the park say Max is very well-behaved,” says Dr Dugnoille, “that is a way to show their authority in the art of dog training compared to those dog owners who are not in control of their own dog.”But it’s not just about showing off, in his view. He believes walking with one’s best friend creates a time and space where dogs and humans meet as species and connect as individuals.Still, Britons should not congratulate themselves too much on their behavior towards their dog companions. According to Dr Carri Westgarth of Liverpool University, “People say that a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find re asons why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They’ll say: he’s got company indoors, he’s nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.”9.The queen is mentioned in paragraph 1 to show _______.A.the queen’s love for dogs B.a foreigner’s impression of EnglandC.the British devotion to walking dogs D.the importance of dog-walking for Europeans10.What does Dr Dugnoille most probably agree with?A.Britons see dogs as protectors from danger.B.Dog-walking is related to the British traditional culture.C.Britons prefer to walk rather than walk the dog.D.Dog-walking is a close link between the British and nature.11.Dr Westgarth’s comment on the British dog-walking suggests that_______.A.Britons are proud of dog-walking B.dogs are a good companion for BritonsC.he is doubtful of the British love for dogs D.weather is a popular topic among Britons12.What would be the best title for the text?A.Love Your Dog, Walk Your Dog B.How Do Britons Walk Their Dogs?C.Opinions on Dog-Walking in Britain D.Why Do Britons Love to Walk Dogs?Passage 4 (2021·上海普陀·一模)A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal(基座)built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general(首席检察官)in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor(叛徒)for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.13.Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.A.he broke fundamental principles in life B.he was not good enough to be a role modelC.he doubted the perfection of some sports figures D.he thought sports figures could have weaknesses 14.According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?A.Because we may let go of our own moral standards.B.Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.C.Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.D.Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.15.From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.A.unfairly criticized due to being female B.the first female attorney general in the USC.less qualified than the public had expected D.a role model for women seeking elected office16.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Be Our Representatives for Perfection B.Exploration of Our Own Heroic PotentialC.Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D.Our Conventional Views of Female PoliticianPassage 5 (2021·重庆巴蜀中学二模)While the arts can' t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决)). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy(欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’ s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future. 17.What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses?A.It brings people inner peace.B.It contributes to problem-solving.C.It reduces the possibility of crises.D.It deepens understanding of music.18.What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9?A.It celebrates freedom and unity.B.It aims to show crises and chaos.C.It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.D.It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.19.What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?A.Leaving things as they are.B.Making a choice between them.C.Separating them from each other.D.Engaging them in a conversation.20.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.How COVID-19 changes artB.Essentials of Symphony No. 9C.Moving artfully through crisesD.Joy in the eyes of BeethovenPassage 6 (2021·辽宁·大连二十四中一模)Imagine possessing something that you loved so much. Imagine what it would feel like if you lost it. While that item may be something as simple as a toy, you would still feel very upset, but you could replace it with a new one. Now imagine losing something that you depend on for survival and cannot be replaced. That is what it would be like if we lost the natural environment around us.Firstly, I believe the environment should be protected because it supports human life. One of the largest examples is that we get all of our food and drinks from the environment. If the environment were to be destroyed beyond revival, then the human race would be over in months. Scientists have to find another planet with similar conditions to the Earth, and if it's found, we don’t have the technology to get to that planet in time.Secondly, I believe that the environment serves as an amazing educational tool for students. When I was in second grade, I had an absolute interest in animals. When we had a field trip to the Daggerwing Nature Center, I was very excited. When we got there, I could hardly believe what I was seeing. There was a bridge to get to the main building, and under the bridge was a small swamp (沼泽) with turtles, fish, and my personal favorite, alligators. I was so surprised that I almost ran into the tour guide. We walked into the building and saw various animals in their habitats. I was so inspired by this visit. Six years later, I have taken an animal behavior class for three weeks. Meeting by chance with the environment can inspire people, and if preserved, it will continue to inspire people.In conclusion, the environment is so valuable because it can't be replaced, keeps us alive, and serves as a great educational tool.21.The first paragraph leads to the theme of the text by________________.A.describing a process. B.presenting differences.C.analyzing causes. D.showing similarities.22.The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 refers to_________________.A.health. B.recovery.C.range. D.survival.23.What's the function of paragraph 3?A.To express the writer’s absolute interest in animals.B.To introduce the Daggerwing Nature Centers scenery.C.To show the environment can inspire and educate people.D.To prove the subject he has chosen is promising.24.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Why the Environment Is So Important?B.Which Planet Can Replace the Earth?C.How People Should Protect the Environment?D.What People Can Do to Stop Pollution?Passage 7 (2021·江苏·盐城中学模拟预测)On May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day,40-hour week. It was something workers and labor unions had been calling for. However, the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money, workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Ford’s lead, and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.Since then, everything has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer, which severely influenced health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the world’s full-time workforce. Later, technology made lots of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up more ofEarth’s supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It’s time to pause and consider be tter ways to live like shifting fromfossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite (有限的) planet make no sense. It’s time for a change in our economic thinking. 25.Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek?A.To increase efficiency.B.To cut workers’ salaries.C.To end conflicts with workers.D.To create more job opportunities.26.What happened in the workforce after World War II?A.The oldest male had to work longer.B.Technology let people work more flexibly.C.Job positions were created due to technology.D.Full-time vacancies were filled by more women.27.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A.Companies shouldn’t pro duce more than people can use.B.The 21st century has witnessed the longest working hours.C.The cycle of longer workweek and consumption should be changed.D.Longer workweek definitely leads to stronger consumption capability.28.Which would be possible if a 21-hour workweek should be adopted?A.Companies would be closed down.B.Economic growth would be stopped.C.Economic systems would break down.D.People would be encouraged to enjoy life.Passage 8 (2021·广东·汕头市潮阳实验学校一模)A simple piece of clotheslines hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the "what-I-can- do environmentalism”But on the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations(HOAs) across the US to stop outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws be passed to protect the choice to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-friendly person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But several days ago, the HOA in North Carolina told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard "Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don't take matters in their own hands," says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors complain.North Carolina lawmakers say that stopping clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can" even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, "The clothesline is beautiful Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.29.Supporters of clothes dryers are trying to stop clothesline drying because .A.clothes dryers can save money B.clothes dryers are energy-savingC.clothesline drying reduces home value D.clothesline drying is not allowed in US30.Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?A.He is a warm-hearted man. B.He is an impolite neighbor.C.He is an inexperienced gardener. D.He is a man of social responsibility.31.Who are most likely to support clothesline drying?A.Housing businesses. B.Environmentalists.C.Homeowners Associations. D.Reck's dissatisfied neighbors.32.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Opposing Opinions on Clothesline Drying B.A Way to Save Energy and MoneyC.Different Varieties of Clotheslines D.A Lost Art to Be Discovered.Passage 9 (2021·湖南·长郡中学模拟预测)Last year, 138,000 San Francisco residents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking num ber for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences in San Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Prop osition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practice s in San Francisco and other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Francisco is in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, some San Francisco residents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve thecity’s existing problems.33.The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A.place time limits in local election. B.set limits on short-term rental.C.strike down a controversial rule. D.urge users to vote against Airbnb.34.What is the negative consequence of Airbnb on San Francisco?A.It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B.Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C.It makes the house market more competitive.D.It indirectly leads to high house rental price.35.The housing crisis in San Francisco results from ________.A.explosion of the living cost B.its geographic characteristicsC.generosity of local enterprises D.inflow of migrant population36.The a uthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A.objective B.supportiveC.negative D.indifferentPassage 10 (2021·湖北·巴东一中一模)Growing up, we are constantly reminded that young people are heavily affected by technology. We are the “antisocial club”, t hose who prefer to text our friends in the same room rather than make eye contact with them. And even though never-ending studies reveal to us the extent of our social media addiction, we should at least consider that it’s not only our young people’s probl em any more.There’s the rise of the Instagram mums, who like to post an abundance of cute baby pictures, share their mom feelings along the way and show their wonderful lifestyles. They are the so-called “Facebook mum generation”, a growing group of parents that like to overshare.While all of this might be fine, and even a little humorous, new research suggests that parents’ technology addiction is negatively affecting their children’s behavior. According to the study, 40% of mothers and 32% of fathers have admitted having some sort of phone addiction. This has led to a significant fall in verbal interactions within families and even a decline in mothers’ encouraging their children.。
备战高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第六期)(含解析)
备战高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)第六期专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(2024·江苏南通·模拟预测)Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence(序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies tousing it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.1.What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound?A.To help him fight boredom.B.To develop his creative ability.C.To make his drug more powerful.D.To aid the process of his experiments.2.What can we learn about Temple’s system?A.Its effect remains to be seen.B.It failed to work as expected.C.It is too complicated to operate.D.It has produced satisfying results.3.Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it?A.To get rid of public fear of the virus.B.To show h1s talent in producing music.C.To facilitate people’s understanding of science.D.To remind people or the roe or Science in art creation.4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Why scientists are turning molecules into music.B.How scientists help the public understand science.C.Why music can be the best way to present science.D.How music helps scientists conduct their research.(2024·江苏南通·模拟预测)Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness,fluency and comprehension, worked best.Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.5.What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms?A.It is ill reputed.B.It is mostly misapplied.C.It is totally ignored.D.It is seemingly contradictory.6.What has America been witnessing?A.A burning passion for improving teaching methods.B.A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.C.An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.D.A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.7.What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”?A.Tolerant.B.Enthusiastic.C.Unclear.D.Disapproving.8.According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success?A.Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.B.Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.C.Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.D.Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.(2024·江苏泰州·一模)A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans. Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve asthe satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.9.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A.The appearance of artificial satellites.B.The components of artificial satellites.C.The basic function of artificial satellites.D.The specific mission of artificial satellites.10.What is the role of computers in artificial satellites?A.Providing electrical power.B.Recording changes observed.C.Monitoring space environment.D.Processing information received.11.How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits?A.By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.B.By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.C.By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.D.By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.12.Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly?A.They are more affected by earth’s gravity.B.They take advantage of rockets more effectively.C.They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.D.They are equipped with more advanced instruments.(2024·江苏泰州·一模)The human body possesses an efficient defense system to battle with flu viruses. The immune system protects against the attack of harmful microbes (微生物) by producing chemicals called antibodies, which are programmed to destroy a specific type of microbe. They travel in the blood and search the body for invaders (入侵者). When they find an invasive microbe, antibodies attack and destroy any cell thatcontains the virus. However, flu viruses can be a terrible enemy. Even if your body successfully fights against the viruses, with their ability to evolve rapidly, your body may have no protection or immunity from the new ones.Your body produces white blood cells to protect you against infectious diseases. Your body can detect invading microbes in your bloodstream because they carry antigens in their proteins. White blood cells in your immune system, such as T cells, can sense antigens in the viruses in your cells. Once your body finds an antigen, it takes immediate action in many different ways. For example, T cells produce more antibodies, call in cells that eat microbes, and destroy cells that are infected with a virus.One of the best things about the immune system is that it will always remember a microbe it has fought before and know just how to fight it again in the future. Your body can learn to fight so well that your immune system can completely destroy a virus before you feel sick at all.However, even the most cautious people can become infected. Fortunately, medical scientists have developed vaccines (疫苗), which are weakened or dead flu viruses that enter a person’s body before the person gets sick. These viruses cause the body to produce antibodies to attack and destroy the strong viruses that may invade during flu season.13.Why does flu pose a threat to the immune system?A.Microbes contain large quantities of viruses.B.Antibodies are too weak to attack flu viruses.C.The body has few effective ways to tackle flu.D.It’s hard to keep pace with the evolution of viruses.14.What does the underlined word “antigens” refer to in Paragraph 2?A.The cell protecting your body from viruses.B.The matter serving as the indicator of viruses.C.The antibodies helping to fight against viruses.D.The substance destroying cells infected with viruses.15.How do vaccines defend the body against the flu viruses?A.They strengthen the body’s immune system.B.They battle against weakened or dead viruses.C.They help produce antibodies to wipe out viruses.D.They expose the body to viruses during flu season.16.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.Antibodies Save Our Health.B.Vaccines Are Of Great Necessity.C.Infectious Flu Viruses Are Around.D.Human Body Fights Against Flu Viruses.(23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试)A recent study, led by Professor Andrew Barron, Dr. HaDi MaBouDi, and Professor James Marshall, illustrates how evolution has fine-tuned honey bees to make quick judgments while minimizing danger.“Animal lives are full of decisions,” says Professor Barron. “A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.”Bees need to work quickly and efficiently. They need to make decisions. Which flower will have a sweet liquid? While they’re flying, they face threats from the air. While landing, they’re vulnerable to potential hunter, some of which pretend to look like flowers.Researchers trained 20 bees to associate each of the five different colored “flower disks” with their visit history of reward and punishment. Blue flowers always had sugar juice. Green flowers always had a type of liquid with a bitter taste for bees. Other colors sometimes had glucose (葡萄糖). “Then we introduced each bee to a ‘garden’ with artificial ‘flowers’. We filmed each bee and timed their decision-making process,” says Dr. MaBouDi. “If the bees were confident that a flower would have food, they quickly decided to land on it, taking an average of 0.6 seconds. If they were confident that a flower wouldn’t have food, they made a decision just as quickly. If unsure, they took on average 1.4 seconds, and the time reflected the probability that a flower had food.”The team then built a computer model mirroring the bees’ decision-making process. They found the structure of the model looked very similar to the physical layout of a bee brain. “AI researchers can learn much from bees and other ‘simple’ animals. Millions of years of evolution has led to incredibly efficient brains with very low power requirements,” says Professor Marshall who co-founded a company that uses insect brain patterns to enable machines to move autonomously, like nature.17.Why does Professor Andrew Barron mention “a supercomputer”?A.To illustrate how a honey bee’s brain resemble each other.B.To explain how animals arrive at informed decisions fast.C.To demonstrate how a robot could finish a honey bee’s job.D.To emphasize how honey bees make decisions remarkably.18.Which of the following can best replace “vulnerable to” underlined in paragraph 3?A.Easily harmed by.B.Highly sensitive to.C.Deeply critical to.D.Closely followed by.19.What influenced the speed of trained bees in making decisions?A.Their judgments about reward and punishment.B.Their preference for the colors of flower disks.C.Their confirmation of food’s presence and absence.D.Their ability to tell real flowers from artificial ones.20.What message does Professor James Marshall want to give us?A.The power of bee brains is underestimated.B.Biology can inspire future AI.C.Autonomous machines are changing nature.D.AI should be far more efficient.(23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试)Are you frequently overwhelmed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind, particularly when you look through social media sites and see all the exciting things your friends are up to? If so, you are not alone.FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out, refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own, whether this concerns socializing, accomplishing professional goals or generally having a more deeply fulfilling life. It shows itself as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-respect. The feeling that we are always being left out of fundamentally important events, or that our lives are not living up to the image pictured by others, can have long-term damaging psychological consequences.While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways. The reason why social media has such a triggering effect is tied to the appeal of social media in the first place: these are platforms which allow us to share only the most glowing presentations of our accomplishments, while leaving out the boring aspects of life. While this kind of misrepresentation could be characterized as dishonest, it is what the polished atmosphere of social media seems to demand.So how do we avoid falling into the trap of our own insecurities? Firstly, consider your own social media posts. Have you ever chosen photos or quotes which lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life? Well, so have others and what they’ve left hidden is the fact that loneliness and boredom are unavoidably a part of everyone’s day-to-day life, and you are not the only one feeling left out. Secondly, learn to appreciate the positives. You may not be a regular at exciting parties or a climber of dizzying peaks, but you have your health, a place to live, and real friends who appreciate your presence in their lives. Last of all, learn to shake things off. We are all bombarded daily with images of other people’s perfection, but really, what does it matter? They are probably no more real than the most ridiculous reality TV shows.21.What can frequently experiencing FOMO lead to?A.Harm to one’s feeling of self-value.B.A more satisfying and fulfilling social life.C.Damage to one’s work productivity.D.Less likelihood of professional success.22.What does the author suggest in the third paragraph?A.The primary reason for FOMO is deeply rooted in social media.B.Our own social media posts help us feel much more confident.C.People who don’t share posts on social media are more bored.D.Social media’s nature enhances envious feelings and self-doubt.23.Why does the author mention reality TV shows in the last paragraph?A.To emphasize how false what we see on social media can be.B.To indicate how complicated social media has turned to.C.To figure out how popular and useful social media has been.D.To point out how educational value reality TV shows reflect.24.Which is the best title for the text?A.Myths and misconceptions about FOMO B.FOMO: what it is and how to overcome itC.How FOMO is changing human relationships D.We’re now all in the power of “FOMO addiction”(23-24高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习)While Huawei’s official website does not call Mate 60 Pro a 5G smartphone, the phone’s wideband capabilities are on par with other 5G smartphones, raising a related question: As a leader in 5G technology, has Huawei managed to develop a 5G smartphone on its own?The answer is not simple. Huawei, as a pioneer in global 5G communication equipment, has played a leading role in the commercialization of 5G technology, with its strong system design and fields such as baseband chips (基带芯片), baseband processors and 5G modems.However, basebands and modems are not the only aspects that define 5G wireless communication. The stability and high-quality signals of a 5G smartphone also depend on other critical components such as RF transceivers (射频收发器) and RF front ends and antennas (天线) . These components are largely dominated by four US high-tech giants—Qualcomm, Avago Technologies, Ansem and Qorvo—which account for a surprising global market share.Huawei has faced significant challenges in getting critical components because of the sanctions imposed by the United States which are primarily responsible for the inability of the Chinese company to launch 5G smartphones in the past three years. However, Mate 60 Pro, despite not being labeled a 5G device, exhibits mobile network speeds comparable to Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices, offering a stable communication experience. This suggests Huawei has, over the past three years, overcome the 5G development and production limits due to the US sanctions by cooperating with domestic partners, and establishing an independent and controllable stable supply chain.Considering that Huawei has not explicitly marketed this device as a 5G smartphone, it is possible that it isyet to fully overcome some key core technological and componential shortcomings. For the time being, we can consider Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro as 4.99G. But when combined with the satellite communication capabilities of Mate 60 Pro, it is clear Huawei has been trying to find more advanced wireless communication solutions for smartphones and making significant progress in this attempt. This should be recognized as a remarkable endeavor, even a breakthrough.25.What do the underlined words “on par with” mean in Paragraph 1?A.as poor as.B.as good as.C.worse than.D.better than.26.Why was it tough for Huawei to develop a 5G smartphone three years ago?A.Its system design and fields needed to be updated.B.It only focused on the commercialization of 5G technology.C.It was unwilling to cooperate with high-tech giants in America.D.It lacked critical components mainly controlled by US high-tech giants.27.What does Paragraph 4 centre on?A.The US sanctions.B.Critical components.C.Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices.D.Progress in Mate 60 Pro.28.What is the text mainly about?A.Huawei faced with significant challengesB.Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a 5G smartphoneC.Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a remarkable breakthroughD.Huawei leading in global 5G communication equipment(23-24高三上·江苏无锡·期末)Blue-light-filtering glasses (滤蓝光眼镜) have become an increasingly popular solution for protecting our eyes from electronic screens’ near-inescapable glow — light that is commonly associated with eyestrain (眼疲劳). In recent years they’ve even become fashion statements that are recognized by celebrities and ranked in style guides. But a recent review paper shows such glasses might not be as effective as people think.The paper, published last week in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, analyzed data from previous trials that studied how blue-light-filtering glasses affect vision tiredness and eye health. The study’s authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.“It’s an excellent review,” says Mark Rosenfield, a professor at the State University of New York College of Optometry, who was not involved in the study. “The conclusions are no surprise at all. There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there’s just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have anyeffect on eyestrain.” He adds that the new review reinforces the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain despite them being specifically marketed for that purpose. As for using blue-light-filtering eyeglasses for eye health, for now, Rosenfield says, “there’s nothing to support people buying them”.The strain we may feel while staring at our phone or computer screen too long is likely to be caused by multiple factors, such as bad habits or underlying conditions, an associate professor of vision science at the University of Melbourne, Downie says. She argues that how we interact with digital devices contributes more to eyestrain than screens’ blue light does. Changing the frequency and duration of screen usage and distancing one’s eyes from the screens might be more important in reducing discomfort, Downie says. She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.29.What can we know about blue-light-filtering glasses from the text?A.They can improve eyesight.B.They may not reduce eyestrain.C.They can promote eye health.D.They can help to cure eye diseases.30.What can we infer from paragraph 2?A.A great many professors were involved in the study.B.Blue-blocking glasses on the market are harmful to eyes.C.The finding of the study comes as a surprise to the public.D.Data from previous trials help the study a lot.31.What does the underlined word “reinforces” mean in paragraph 3?A.Denies.B.Opposes.C.Strengthens.D.Evaluates.32.What should we do if we suffer from eyestrain according to Downie?A.Wear blue-light-filtering glasses.B.Have an examination in the hospital.C.Stop staring at the screen for ever.D.Focus on the frequency of phone usage.(2024·江苏连云港·一模)Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon (柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered,” says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongsrequire daily exercise, Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from warbling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it’s quite easy,” she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, ‘I need to sing.’” At that point, she’d tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily.Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing.It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out.33.According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.A.warn other birds of risks B.produce more songsC.perform perfectly in singing D.defend their territory34.What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Prepares.B.Stimulates.C.Forbids.D.Frightens.35.What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment?A.They lost the ability to sing.B.They strengthened their muscles.C.Their songs showed no difference.D.Their songs became less appealing.36.What may Iris Adam agree with?A.The songbirds live on music.B.The songbirds are born singers.C.Daily exercise keeps birds healthy.D.Practice makes birds perfect singers.(23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末)Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere. While Venus’s cold and unpleasant landscape does make it seem far less like Earth, scientists recently detected another striking similarity between the two, the presence of active volcanoes.When NASA’s Magellan mission mapped much of the planet with radar in the 1990sit revealed an。
高三英语(分类阅读--6.议论文:话题谈论三)
教师辅导讲义Step1:Greetings & Free Talk1、Talk about the week in school. What news / story / book / movie … have u got?2、Is there sth important\special\interesting happening this week?Step2:Assignments checkingThe assigned exercises on the previous handout.Step3:高考英语阅读理解技巧练习——判断推理类阅读技巧和方法II.三、人物性格、态度及观点判定题高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。
做这一类题时一定要留意:1)由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
2)特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言,以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。
要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
【例题】A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right," said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They 're all dead."“Well sir," said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday."The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy to me!"1. What kind of man would you say the old man was?A. He was silly.B. He was unpleasant.C. He was very proud and sure of his health.D. He was very impolite to young people.【解析】记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人,希望他能活到100岁。
议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)
议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解Underwater travel is difficult and dangerous, but many people have to stay deep under the ocean. Thus, humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel?Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray (魔鬼鱼) would be able to operate for long periods at sea. Manta rays which can grow up to 29 feet long are among the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water, manta rays swim by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍) . Efficiency means using less energy to move farther.Bart-Smith and other engineers at the University of Virginia had to find out what manta rays looked like on the inside to better understand how they move. They took X-rays to find out how a manta ray's fins are built. They found that a web of cartilage (软骨) stretches across each fin.Once the engineers knew how a manta ray's fin was constructed, they could build one of their own. They made a long row of metal struts with many hinges to imitate the manta ray's web of cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. For now, engineers study their movements and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people.1.How do manta rays swim?A.By moving like birds.B.By swimming like humans.C.By swimming like other fishes.D.By pushing against water like animals. 2.What can we learn from the second and third paragraphs?A.Manta rays look like travel vehicles.B.Manta rays are the fastest swimmers.C.Manta rays can grow at least 29 feet long.D.Manta rays'fins consist of a web of cartilage.3.Why do the engineers study manta rays?A.To learn about their habits.B.To control manta ray robots.C.To protect marine creatures.D.To design undersea vehicles.4.What's the author's attitude towards the research?A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.People tend to pay less attention to tasks when working alongside a robot, according to research that found evidence of "social loafing", where team members work less hard if they think others will cover for them.Researchers at the Technical University of Berlin said people come to see robots as part of their team. Where they think a colleague or the technology performs particularly well, or where they think their own contribution would not be appreciated, people tend to take a more laid-back approach."Teamwork is a mixed blessing, "said Dietlind Helene Cymek (DHC) , the first author of the study. "Working together can motivate people to perform well but it can also lead to a loss of motivation because the individual contribution is not as visible. We were interested in whether we could also find such motivational effects when the team partner is a robot."The team tested their hypothesis by asking a group of workers to check the quality of a series of tasks. The workers were all asked to carry out checks for errors on circuit boards (电路板) . Half of them were told the tasks were also performed by a robot. While they did not work directly with the robot, named Panda, those people had seen it and were able to hear it operating.Their activity was monitored by the researchers, who blurred out the images of the boards the workers received, only showing them an image they could check once they actively opened it.Initially, they said they found no statistical difference in the time the two groups-those who were told they were working with a robot and those who were not-spent inspecting the circuit boards, or in the area they searched for errors.However, when the researchers investigated the participants' error rates, they found those knowing Panda's presence were catching fewer defects after they had seen the robot had successfully flagged many errors. They said this could reflect a "looking but not seeing" effect, where people engage less once they feel a colleague or resource is reliable.While participants who were asked to rate their own performance thought they werepaying an equivalent amount of attention, the researchers felt that subconsciously they had begun to assume Panda had picked up defects well.5.Why do people pay less attention to tasks when working with a robot?A.They see the robot as their colleague.B.They think the robot can cover all tasks.C.They believe their performance will be appreciated.D.They feel unvalued about their personal contribution.6.What does DHC mean by saying "Teamwork is a mixed blessing"?A.Teamwork is of great help for workers.B.Teamwork can improve work efficiency.C.Teamwork involves different kinds of weaknesses.D.Teamwork has both advantages and disadvantages.7.What did the workers need to do during the researchers' test?A.They need to blur out the images of the circuit boards.B.They need to check errors on circuit boards with robotsC.They need to see and hear how the robots were operating.D.They need to monitor the robots to check the quality of circuit boards.8.Which of the following can best describe the procedure of the study?A.Group→Instruct→Monitor→RateB.Question→Detect→Demonstrate→CollectC.Monitor→Group→Investigate→RateD.Monitor→Investigate→Reflect→InstructInterspecies was once a technical term used in science to describe how one species got along with another. Now it is a word of more consequence: it arouses the new connections between humans and non-humans that are being made possible by technology. In Ways of Being, James Bridle, a British artist and technology writer, explores what this means for understanding the non-human intelligence on Earth.Mr Bridle makes it clear that three kinds of minds are now interacting: humans, non-humans and machines. Using artificial intelligence (AI), machines in the future will have the capability to interpose(使介入) themselves as translators between humans and other biological life forms.It is true that profit is the main motive for advances in AI; as yet nature does not get muchof a look-in, and non-human intelligence goes unexplored outside zoology departments. Computing is as focused on humans as ever, even as climate change and biodiversity-loss suggest it should devote much greater attention to other species.The first step towards an interspecies future, Mr Bridle argues, is showing more appreciation for other forms of intelligence. To some extent, this is already happening. For example, through films and other initiatives many people now know that octopuses(章鱼) have advanced and strange intelligence. The next step, Mr Bridle declares, is recognizing that people live in a "more-than-human" world. Other forms of intelligence have developed from a common evolutionary base, and they overlap(重叠) in ways that science is just beginning to discover.Ways of Being would have benefited from sharper editing. Yet, in making clear the patience, imagination and humility required to better know and protect other forms of intelligence on Earth, he has made an admirable contribution to the dawning of the interspecies age. 9.Which of the following best illustrates the term "interspecies"?A.A wolf hunts a rabbit.B.A robot does housework.C.A lady walks her dog.D.A boy records a video for squirrels.10.What does AI lay emphasis on nowadays?A.Biodiversity.B.Other species.C.Humans.D.Climate change. 11.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The characteristics of species evolution.B.Expectations for the future development of AI.C.Suggestions on future exploration of interspecies.D. The importance of appreciation for other forms of intelligence.12.Which word best describes the author's attitude to Ways of Being?A.Skeptical.B.Favorable.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.Steam trains paved the way for modern-day transportation, but just how much do you know about them?The roots of steam trains can be traced back to the 18th century when the Scottish engineer James Watt improved steam engine technology. Watt’s improvements significantly enhanced the efficiency of steam engines. This breakthrough paved the way for the application of steam power in various industries, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. As the 19th century started, George Stephenson used the power of steam to power locomotives (火车头), telling the age of steam-powered transportation.Steam trains played a vital role in transforming the world into a connected network of nations. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in 1869 marked a historic moment, as steam locomotives linked the East and West coasts, reducing travel time and expanding economic, opportunities.Similarly, the Orient Express in Europe became a symbol of luxury and international travel, carrying passengers from Paris to Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sound of wheels on rails echoed (回响) through diverse landscapes, from the dry deserts of Australia to the snowy expanses of Siberia, as steam trains formed paths of connectivity across continents. During times of war, the role of steam trains extended to soldier transportation.While steam trains led the railway landscape for over a century, the mid-20th century witnessed the arrival of electric and diesel locomotives, claiming greater efficiency and lower operational costs, and signaling a transformative shift.As steam trains were not mainstream transportation, enthusiasts worldwide have preserved and restored steam locomotives, ensuring that these classic engine s continue to attract new generations with their nostalgic (怀旧的) charm, and that their stories continue to be told for ages to come.For Heritage railways, they dedicate to the restoration and operation of classic steam locomotives. From the Bluebell Railway in England to the Strasburg Rail Road in the United States, these living museums allow modern-day travelers to experience the magic of steam travel. Riding the polished carriages and hearing the distinctive whistle, visitors experience a sensory voyage, connecting with a time when steam trains were the heartbeat of progress and adventure.13.What marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?A. Rapid expansion of railways.B. Advance of steam locomotives.C. Great efficiency of transportation.D. The use of steam power in industries.14.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Add more facts to the role of steam trains.C. Share a historic moment.D. Introduce the Orient Express.15.How do Heritage railways react to the decline of steam trains?A. They welcome the arrival of electric engines.B. They insist on using steam trains.C. They offer a journey back in time.D. They prefer to improve steam engines.16.Where is the text probably taken from?A. A travel guide.B. A book review.C. A history paper.D. A newspaper report.Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. Roman builders built thick concrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders constructed walls against foreign enemies.A growing number of scientists have been studying materials since a long time ago. They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years. The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice and beer. These unexpected materials can have the ability to get stronger over time. Figuring out how to copy these features can have real impacts today. While some of our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy structures, it cannot compete with the durability of these ancient materials.Many scientists have turned to the Romans. Starting around 200 BC, the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago. They think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. That the ancient materials have an unusual power to restore themselves and “cure” cracks (裂缝) when they form is the most shocking for them. Exactly how is not yet clear, but scientists are starting to find the reasons.Today’s builders cannot just copy the ancient processes. Even though Roman concrete lasted a long time, it couldn’t hold up heavy buildings. Instead, researchers are trying to take some of th e ancient materials and add them into modern mixes. People don’t need to make things last quite as long as the Romans did. If we add 50 or 100 years to concrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling down, less maintenance and less material in the l ong run. 17.What were the mentioned Roman and Chinese buildings both used for?A. Travel.B. Defence.C. Soldier training.D. Seawater control.18.Which word can best describe the ancient buildings?A. Long-lasting.B. Energy-efficient.C. Delicate.D. Flexible.19.What surprises the scientists most about the ancient building materials?A. Their large cracks.B. Their clear concrete.C. Their internal structures.D. Their self-repairing ability.20.What is the author’s attitude to the future concrete?A. Tolerant.B. Expectant.C. Suspicious.D. Indifferent.O'Brien and Samantha Kassirer from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University conducted two experiments to determine the levels of people's happiness when they gave away money or when they spent it on themselves.The first experiment involved 96 college students receiving $5 every day for five days. They had to spend the money on the same thing each day. Researchers randomly asked the participants to either spend the money on themselves or give it to someone else, like through a tip or an online donation to a charity. The participants ended each day by reflecting on their spending experience and their overall level of happiness. Regardless of how they spent the money, everyone started off with roughly the same level of self-reported happiness. Those who spent the money on themselves, however, experienced a decline in happiness over the five-day period. The people who gave the money to someone else maintained their happiness levels.The second experiment conducted online, involved 502 people playing 10 rounds of a word puzzle game. When the players won in a round, they received 5 cents. The participants could either keep the 5 cents or donate it to a charity. After each round, people rated the level of happiness they felt after winning a round. As with the first study, those who gave away the money reported a longer stretch of happiness than those who kept the money for themselves. As for why people who used the money for themselves aren't happy for so long, the researchers explain that focusing on an outcome—like getting paid—can diminish the experience. When people focus on an action—like giving to charity—they concentrate more on the act itself as a joyful event, explaining why happiness stays more consistent among those who spend the money on others. "If you want to sustain happiness over time, our new research shows that repeated giving, even in the same way to the same people, may make you continue to feel much fresher and more enjoyable," O'Brien said.So the next time you think about spending money on yourself, maybe give it to someone in need instead. Your happiness will thank you.21.What is the finding of the experiments?A.People get more happiness when giving money to others.B.Those who give money to others like to do it online.C.Your level of happiness can be influenced by many factors.D.Those who win rewards are willing to give money to a charity.22.According to O'Brien, what is the secret of maintaining happiness?A.Saving enough money.B.Trying something new.C.Keeping on giving.D.Balancing rest and work.23.Which of the following shows the correct structure of the whole text?A. B. C. D.24.What is the best title for the text?A.Money isn't the key to happinessB.It is better to give than to receiveC.Happiness depends upon ourselvesD.People spend their money differently参考答案1.答案:A解析:细节理解题。
2025届高考英语专项复习 阅读理解议论文 2020-2024高考真题专练(原卷版+解析版)
阅读理解议论文考点1 人与自我型议论文【2021新课标I卷】Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and othersinterested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligenceA. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligenceA. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligenceA. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【答案】322-35 DBAB【导读】本文是一篇议论文。
2020年高考英语阅读理解议论文专题练习题(附答案)
2020年高考英语阅读理解议论文专题练习题(附答案)1.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
Editor: Today our topic is part-time job. Are they good for school children or not?Headmaster: Certainly not. Children have got two full-time jobs already: growing up and going to school.Part-time jobs make them so tired that they fall asleep in class.Mrs. White: I agree. I know school hours are short, but there's homework as well, and children need a lot of sleep.Mr. White: Young children, perhaps some boys, stay at school until they're eighteen or nineteen. A part-time job can't harm them. In fact, it's good for them. They earn their pocket money instead of asking their parents for it. And they see something of the world outside school.Businessman: You're quite right. Boys learn a lot from a part-time job. And we mustn't forget that some families need the extra money. If the pupils didn't take part-time jobs, they couldn't stay at school.Editor: Well, we have got two for, and two against. What do our readers think?(1)Who have the same opinion?A. Headmaster and Mrs. White.B. Editor and Mr. White .C. Mr. and Mrs. White.D. Businessman and Headmaster.(2)Mrs. White thinks the young children maybe ________.A. need to stay at school until they are eighteen or nineteenB. need to have some pocket moneyC. should see something of the world outside schoolD. need to have a lot of sleep(3)What does the editor think of part-time jobs?A. They can help students from poor families.B. They are good for school children.C. They cannot harm school children.D. We are not told.2.阅读理解Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.(1)What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A. American kids' sleeping habits.B. Teenagers' sleep-related diseases.C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.(2)How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A. 7 hours.B. 8 hours.C. 10 hours.D. 18 hours.(3)Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.B. They tend to do things that excite them.C. They follow their parents' examples.D. They don't need to go to school early.3.阅读理解FaceApp has taken the world by storm, giving users the chance to see themselves age through its algorithm.12.7 million people—some three million more than the population of New York City—reportedly downloaded it in one seven-day period last month.Although the Russian app has become known for its privacy issues, the more interesting lesson of our FaceApp fling (尽情玩乐)is what it tells us about our society—and our future lives. It turns out we are more interested in aging than we realized. I'm surprised by this. Most younger people are in denial (否认)about old age, doing almost nothing to prepare for it. We rarely have a chance to plan for the future, with increasing time and financial pressures. Those pressures bring sacrifices that we may not always want to make: we can no longer afford to spend the time or the money needed to look after our elderly parents.As a family doctor, I can see the loneliness epidemic developing. Elderly patients come to see me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. After a few minutes of the consultation, I understand why: they're not sick, and often they don't feel sick. They just need someone—anyone-to talk to.Although loneliness has no medical classification, the health effects are real: the result of loneliness and isolation can be as harmful to our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, and is more damaging than obesity. But loneliness does not come with nearly enough health warnings.So what next? Since 1980, we are living on average 10 years longer. At the same time, people are having fewer and fewer children, and they are having them much later in life. The snake of a world class health service is eating its own tail; its care is prolonging (延长) people's lives, but as the ratio of pensioners(退休人员)to working -age people increases, there are fewer taxpayers to fund that very health service.Into this void have stepped NGOs, charities and volunteers. But in the long term, the only way to truly help the oldest meters of our society is to go back to the traditional values of intergenerational(两代间的) cooperation—often under same roof. Ultimately, we will need to evolve towards a culture where elderly care is treated the same as childcare, where employers recognize the duty of someone with an elderly parent the same way they recognize those of someone with a newborn child.(1)The example of FaceApp is used to _____.A. prove the popularity of itB. explain the function of itC. show the progress of technologyD. introduce the topic of aging and loneliness(2)What makes elderly people without illness go to see their family doctors?A. Desire to have the consultation.B. Strong feeling of loneliness.C. Unclear medical issues.D. Questions to ask doctors.(3)How can the oldest members be truly helped?A. By being treated as children.B. By going back to the traditional society.C. By providing family care.D. By living with other elderly people under the same roof.(4)What can we learn from the passage?A. The loneliness of elderly people needs more attention.B. FaceApp's popularity proves it has no security problems.C. Health service lacks fund because of prolonged peopled lives.D. FaceApp is helpful in dealing with elderly peopled loneliness.4.阅读理解Robots make me nervous—especially the ones which seem to think for themselves. I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, felt the same way.Gates said in an interview with the social networking and news website Reddit: “I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent.That should be positive if we manage well. A few decades after that, though, the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern.”Well, maybe I don't have to worry about my computer and kitchen equipment yet. After I use them I can always pull the plug. But in the future, machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off. There's a terrible thought!Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil like some we've seen in sci-fi movies. What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient. That's what philosopher Nick Bostrom from Oxford University believes. He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals,the destruction of people might be just additional damage. Bostrom gives us an example: A machine which might have its only goal to produce as many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go after you. Because it is, well, a machine, it would not take pity on you.It's a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought about how far robots can go and left us his three rules of robotics. They state that a robot may not hurt a human being or allow the human being to come to harm.I'm glad my machines at home are “dumb”. All my cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room. Let's hope they don't create an appliance which wants to take over the world!(1)The author quoted Bill Gates' words in Paragraph 2 in order to make the text________.A. better-knownB. more persuasiveC. better-organizedD. more interesting(2)An intelligent paperclip machine would harm us because _______.A. it is much cleverer than usB. it would take over the worldC. it has the strong feeling of destroying usD. it would see us just as material(3)How does the author feel about Isaac Asimov's rules of robotics?A. OptimisticB. WorriedC. DisappointedD. Regretful(4)What does the text mainly focus on?A. The benefits of future robots.B. The new applications of robots.C. The concern for super intelligence.D. The popularity of robots in the future.5.阅读理解Differences are important and they should be respected. For example, many important people throughout history were considered different, such as Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein and Abraham Lincoln. They did great things, but some people thought they were strange because they had strong feelings about something. I can understand these people because I've been in that situation before many times.It all started in elementary school when I realized that I wasn't like everyone else. My mom says that I have a tendency to be obsessed(着迷)with certain subjects. Unfortunately, these subjects don't interest other kids of my age and they really don't interest my teachers. In fact, my kindergarten teacher said she would scream if I mentioned snakes or lizards one more time while she was teaching the days of the week. I would get into trouble for not paying attention and the teasing began.In the third grade, my teacher informed me that I have Asperger's Syndrome(症状). I said, “So what? Do you know that Godzilla's suit weighs 188 pounds?”Later, I asked my mom, “What's Asperger's Syndrome? Am I gonna die?” She said that it's like having blinders on, and that I can only see one thing at a time, and that it's hard to focus on other things.People also make fun of me for knowing facts about volcanoes, whales, tornadoes and many other scientific things. My mom says that she has been able to answer many questions on Jeopardy! just by listening to what I have to say, but I've even been laughed at for being smart.Maybe someday I'll become a gene engineer and create the real Godzilla. I can dream, Can't I?(1)Why does the author mention people like Albert Einstein?A. To examine differencesB. To show his admirationC. To make comparisonD. To support his idea(2)How did the kindergarten teacher feel about the author?A. AngryB. WorriedC. SorryD. Curious(3)What's Jeopardy! most probably?A. It's a program intended for young kids.B. It's a quiz show covering various topics.C. It's a novel telling about adventure stories.D. It's a magazine about scientific discoveries.6.根据短文理解,选择正确答案。
2023届高考英语阅读理解专练(6)科教科普类
(6)科教科普类一、An extremely rare manuscript(手稿) signed by English naturalist Charles Darwin is expected to fetch up to $790,000 at a Sotheby's auction next month.The document contains a passage from the famous 1859 work On the Origin of Species, in which Darwin put forth his theory of evolution. The document was once thought to be a deserted page from an earlier manuscript of the work. But experts now understand it was written in 1865 and sent to the editor of the Autographic Mirror who had requested a signed writing sample from Darwin."While some of Darwin's notes and manuscript pages have survived over the last hundred or more years, he was known to keep revising his publications, often throwing away pages from working drafts as waste paper, making them extremely rare," Sotheby's said in a statement.On the Origin of Species was voted the most influential academic book of all time in a public poll held during Academic Book Week in 2015. The book offers Darwin's revolutionary idea that species evolve over generations in the process of natural selection.Darwin backed up his theory with evidence collected during his 1831-1836 voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle, during which he observed and collected specimens(标本)from a number of species. On the Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador, Darwin noted that the finches(鸣雀) on the island were similar to finches on the mainland; however, the availability of different foods in each area had led to differences in beak shapes. The manuscript will be placed on display at Sotheby's in New York between Nov.30 and Dec 8, and online bids will be accepted between Nov. 25 and Dec. 8. The auction house estimates that the document will fetch between $600,000 and $790,000. The auction, which is titled Age of Wonder, will also include a first edition of On the Origin of Species and a copy of scientific paper by Darwin and another naturalist.1.What do we know about the manuscript?A.It's a page of On the Origin of Species.B.It's a draft of Darwin's scientific paper.C.It's a signed writing sample to an editor.D.It's waste paper from Darwin's study.2.What makes Darwin's On the Origin of Species the most influential academic book?A. His methods of research.B. His adventure on the sea.C. The rare manuscript.D. His theory of evolution.3.What does the underlined phrase "backed up" mean in Paragraph 5?A. supportedB.explainedC.declaredD.created4.What is the purpose of the auction?A. To put the manuscript on sale.B. To display Darwin's works.C. To vote the best academic books.D. To release a new discovery.二、Researchers from Singapore said in their new study that in older adults, doing housework was tied to a better memory and attention span, and stronger legs, which helps prevent falls. Shiou-Liang Wee, a researcher said, “Housework is a purposeful activity performed by many older adults and represents a significant share of their self-reported physical activity.”For the study, Wee’s team investigated nearly 500 healthy Singaporeans between 21 and 90 years of age. Among younger participants, 36% said they engaged in enough physical activity to meet the goal researchers set as beneficial, as did 48% of older participants. But 61% of younger and 66% of older participants met this target only through housework, the study revealed.After taking other types of regular physical activity into consideration, the researchers found that housework was tied with sharper mental abilities and better physical capacity, but only among the older participants. Scores on tests of mental ability were as much as 8% higher among those who did lots of housework, compared with those who did little, Lee’s team found.And among older participants, balance and the time it took to stand up from sitting, which the investigators used as an indication of physical ability, were better for those who did lots of housework than for those who didn’t.Dr. Maria Carney, chief of geriatric(老年病的) medicine at Northwell Health, N.Y., noted that exercise benefits your brain, and housework is exercise that also involves mental activity and requires detailed thought processes to complete. Physical activity increases blood circulation to your muscles and your brain, which helps mental function. Housework can be an important part of your exercise routine. Carney said, “It’s a task you’ve got to plan for. You’ve got to use devices; you’ve got to use equipment. There’s planning involved, so there’s mental exercise along with physical exercise.”5.According to Paragraph 1, what do we know about the study?A. Older adults benefit from doing housework.B. Older adults doing housework do not fall.C. Doing housework is a rising trend in Singapore.D. Doing housework is older adults’ favorite exercise.6.Which of the following was considered in the study by the researchers?A. Participants’ ages, sexes and occupations.B. Goals of physical ability participants set.C. Ways in which participants do housework.D. Types of physical activity participants do.7.What are the research findings based on?A. Research data.B. Scientific theory.C. Related documents.D. Daily observation.8.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. Why tools are used in doing housework.B. How housework works for mental ability.C. What physical activities should be done.D. Who are more suitable to do housework.三、We all know that unpleasant feeling when we’re talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we’re interrupted. But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5,000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people’s perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时) chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.“People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication,” Hilton said. “Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each othe r.”9.What does Hilton’s research focus on?A. What interruptions mean to people.B. Whether interruption is good or not.C. How to avoid getting interrupted.D. Why speakers interrupt each other.10.What do participants of the study need to do?A. Record an audio clip.B. Answer some questions.C. Listen to one another.D. Have a chat with a friend.11.What do low intensity speakers think of simultaneous chat?A. It’s important.B. It’s interesting.C. It’s inefficient.D. It’s impolite.12.What can we l earn from Hilton’s research?A. Human interaction is complex.B. Communication is the basis of life.C. Interruptions promote thinking.D. Language barriers will always exist. 四、It is generally acknowledged that the older we get the more slowly we react. However, the new findings suggest that mental speed—the speed at which we can deal with issues requiring rapid decision-making—does not change substantially over decades.Under the leadership of Dr Mischa von Krause and Dr Stefan Radev, psychologists at Heidelberg University evaluated data from a large-scale online experiment with over a million participants. They came to the conclusion that the speed of cognitive information processing remains largely stable between the ages of 20 and 60, and onlydeteriorates at higher ages.In the online experiment, subjects had to press a button to sort pictures of people into the categories “white” or “black” and words into the categories “good” or “bad”. According to Dr Mischa von Krause, the content focus was of minor importance. Instead, the researchers used the large number of data as an example of a response-time task to measure the duration of cognitive decisions.When evaluating the data, Dr Mischa von Krause and his colleagues noted that, on average, the response time of the test subjects rose with increasing age. However, with the aid of a mathematical model, they were able to show that this phenomenon was not due to changes in mental speed. They think that older test subjects are slower mainly because they reply more cautiously and concentrate more on avoiding mistakes. At the same time, motor function speed slows down during the course of adult life: older participants in the experiment needed longer to press the appropriate key after they had found the right answer.Another finding of the study was that average information processing speed only progressively declined with participants over the age of 60. “It looks as though, in the course of our life, we don’t need to fear any substantial los ses of mental speed—particularly not in the course of a typical working life,” says Dr Mischa von Krause.13.What is the common assumption about the adults’ mental speed?A. It declines with age.B. It is faster at the old age.C. It is not affected by the age.D. It is constantly changing with age.14.What does the underlined word “deteriorates” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Stays stable.B. Becomes worse.C. Changes suddenly.D. Increases rapidly.15.What does Dr Mischa von Krause think causes the older subject s’ response time to rise?A. Their emotional stability.B. The decline of mental speed.C. Their mature and cautious nature.D. The lack of exercise for the older.16.What is the purpose of the text?A. To describe an online experiment.B. To appeal to people to respect the elderly.C. To tell people how to improve mental speed.D. To reveal the conclusion of an online experiment.五、I’ve just asked Julie Gray, a biologist at the University of Sheffield, which species she thinks would be the last one s standing if we don’t take transformative(变革性的) action on climate change. “I don’t think it will be humans. I think we’ll go quite early on,” says Gray. Humans probably won’t be among the survivors, partly because humans produce young extremely slowly and generally just one or two at a time.It may seem like just a thought experiment. But discussing which species are able to survive climate change is disturbingly concrete. As a report stated recently, one in four species currently faces extinction, which is closely linked to climate change. While the seriousness of climate change is undeniable, we can make some educated guesses about which species will have a better shot at going far.According to Jen Lau, a biologist at University Bloomington, heat tolerant and drought resistant plants, like those found in deserts, are more likely to survive. So are plants whose seeds can be spread over long distances, for example by wind or ocean currents. Plants that can adjust their flowering times may also be better able to deal with higher temperatures.We can also look to history as a guide. Cockroaches(蟑螂) adapted to an increasingly dry Australia tens of millions of years ago, by starting to dig holes in soil to hide. Cockroaches also tend to not be picky eaters. Having broad diets means that climate change will be less of a threat to them.Furthermore, species called “mobile generalists” by experts can move and adapt to different environments and are more likely to last long in face of climate change. For example, deer in the US are common in suburban areas and manage to live where forests have been removed or are regularly disturbed.Certainly, some animals would also survive if they could find a buffer: an area that is relatively protected fro m climate change’s consequences, such as deep sea canyons(峡谷), underground caves.17.What does the author probably think of the answer given by Gray?A. Ridiculous.B. Unreasonable.C. Upsetting.D. Exciting.18.Which of the following can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 2?A. Peacefully wait.B. Quickly die out.C. Greatly change.D. Possibly survive.19.Which of the following species is likely to survive climate change?A. Trees growing in the rainforest and flowering at fixed time every year.B. Animals good at digging holes and not particular about food.C. Creatures mainly living in trees and spending most time sleeping.D. Fishes that do not enjoy deep diving and like to stay in a bay.20.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. How Climate Will Change in the FutureB. What Species May Survive Climate ChangeC. Why Some Species Have Broader DietsD. Where Species Can Hide in Climate Change六、Humans have always assumed that there is a huge gulf between animal behavior and human development. However, recent research into animals shows that animals are continuously designing innovative methods to finish their tasks. Examining the nature and results of their creativity can help us understand evolution.Research shows that animals can also be creative. By inventing new behavioral patterns and adjusting their behavior to new contexts, as well as to changes in social and ecological environments, researchers show that animal innovation can also be diverse. For instance, chimpanzees(黑猩猩) use tools such as sharp spines and stalks to remove the hearts of palm vegetables from trees. Herring gulls(鸥) find out quite a cruel way of killing rabbits-drowning them in the sea.Innovative species tend to survive when they enter new places, but novel behavior cannot be recognized unless "normal" behavior is studied. Researchers can now count and document the innovations that have been created by species, which would help them to quantify their creativity. Studies also show us that all animals are not equally inventive, with primates(灵长类) tending to be more innovative due to their bigger brains.The greatest scientific significance has been the innovation shown by animals such as apes, capuchins and macaques among primates. These species of primates possess the biggest brains compared to their body sizes. They are also heavy tool users. Their broad diets and complex forms of learning are also insightful. They show an evolutionary strategy that gives them new solutions to life's challenges.However, even if these animals show innovativeness, they do not have the ability to improve upon the solutions of others. Unless they share information accurately andcopy each others' inventions, their creative inventions are likely to disappear before they can be innovated further. This ability can be managed only by humans, for we are able to build on shared knowledge.21.What does the underlined word "gulf" in the first paragraph mean?A. Difference.B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.22.Why does the author mention "chimpanzees" and "herring gulls" in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To support a viewpoint.C. To explain a natural phenomenon.D. To compare the two species.23.What aspect of animals does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. Their failure to share information accurately.B. Their unwillingness to learn from each other.C. Their inability to take creativity forward.D. Their ability to cooperate effectively.24.Where is this text most likely from?A. A biography.B. A book review.C. A short story.D. A science report.七、In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. Take the Cory’s shearwater, an oceangoing sea bird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely. Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements.But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploratio n-refinement’ for migratory birds,” says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, “exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It mi ght be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.”25.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.It describes animals’ habitats.B.It talks about migration models.C.It compares different species.D.It introduces a tracking technology.26.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.The opening for learning and practice.B.The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.C.The way Cory’s shea rwaters form their migration patterns.D.The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.27.What does Letizia’s study find about the younger Cory’s shearwaters?A.They travel as much as adult birds.B.They move in a predictable manner.C.They lower the speed for exploration.D.They look for a course with their parents.28.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A.Man-made changes make migration easier.B.Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.C.Course exploration contributes to birds’ adaptability.D.A combination of strategies assures migration success.八、A good conversation should proceed like a tennis match: players each take turns responding, knowing instinctively(本能)when to speak and when to listen. This kind of complicated and back-and-forth talk is often considered to be possessed only byhumans. However, according to a recent study, animals also seem to know when to speak and when to listen.The study involved over 300 animals including birds, mammals(哺乳动物), insects, and frogs which practice turn-taking behavior. These animals alternate their call and response in a similar way humans communicate. Monkeys, for example, often exchange calls to locate each other in the wild and figure out whether they know one another.While forms of communication are mostly sound-based, several species have more creative forms of viewable communication. Baby monkeys let their parents know they want to be carried with arm gestures, while birds, insects and frogs can get their messages across through colorful displays.Kobin Kendrick, the main co-author on the study, says that making comparisons among animals that take turns when communicating can give us a better understanding of how this feature evolved in humans and our ancestors. "We know very little about the evolution and origin of the human language, so any possibility of gaining insight into it is worth going after," he says.Additionally, while the idea of turn-taking might bring to mind a picture of orderly, well-mannered animals, Kendrick stresses that this isn't always the case. Owl(猫头鹰) chicks may try to outdo each other by making louder sounds in an effort to attract favor from their mothers during feeding. "This can be seen as an exception to the rule, highlighting the importance of turn-taking in general," says Kendrick.One problem with the study is that researchers themselves don't know how to communicate with others outside their particular species of interest. Kendrick stresses another goal of the study is to create a wider framework that can bring together all the different researches on turn-taking, allowing scientists to conduct more cross-species comparisons. "We all believe strongly these fields can benefit from each other, and we hope the study will drive more cross talk between humans and animals in the future," says Kendrick.29.What can we learn about the turn-taking behavior?A. It is a unique human quality.B. It is an acquired athletic skill.C. It occurs between familiar relations.D. It features complexity and interaction.30.Which of the following is a form of visual intercommunication?A.Frogs show skin colors.B. Bees release smells.C. Eagles scream in the sky.D. Monkeys exchange calls.31.Why are "owl chicks" mentioned in paragraph 5?A. To propose a definition.B. To give a contrast.C. To present an argument.D. To make a prediction.32.What aspect of research does the last paragraph highlight?A. Research budget.B. Research range.C. Research frequency.D. Research background.答案以及解析一、1.答案:C解析:细节理解题。
高考英语专项复习阅读理解《完形填空(说明文议论文)》十年真题汇总
高考英语专项复习阅读理解《完形填空(说明文议论文)》十年真题汇总2022年完形填空说明文、议论文Close 1【2022年全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology___26___ that idea.We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ___31___ children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their ___36___ to the questions reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___40___ when others use it.21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave33. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions34. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up39. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings40. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effectiveClose 2【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good ___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.16. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know17. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that18. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment19. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important20. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility21. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier22. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name23. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student24. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect25. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce26. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful27. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example28. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine29. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately30. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership31. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand32. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget33. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack34. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending35. A. management B. personality C. communication D. educationClose 3【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good ___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.16. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know17. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that18. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment19. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important20. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility21. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier22. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name23. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student24. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect25. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce26. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful27. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example28. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine29. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately30. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership31. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand32. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget33. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack34. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending35. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education2016年完形填空说明文、议论文Close 1【2016年上海卷】In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 workand will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness2015年完形填空说明文、议论文Close 1【2015年重庆卷】Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28 , your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you’re 29 jet lag(时差反应).Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31.For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological clock to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Walking around the cabin(客舱)can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 35of sleep and wakefulness.28. A.flight B.change C.demand D.climate29. A.suffering from B.working on C.looking into D.leading to30. A.danger B.problem C.waste D.fear31. A.briefly B.slowly C.suddenly D.effectively32. A.checking B.sending C.adjusting D.stopping33. A.awake B.alone C.hungry D.calm34. A.though B.so C.while D.or35. A.understanding B.cy cle C.research D.trendClose 2【2015年安徽卷】In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41 .Another cause is our 42 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 43 people, we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of41. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful42. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division43. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy44. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends45. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve46. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes47. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for48. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger49. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away50. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences51. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure52. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands53. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile54. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of55. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertisingClose 3【2015年广东卷】How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is1to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is2healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce3. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and4die.Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a5life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the6line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental7until after age 75.People are living longer because more people8childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood9. Now that the chances of dying10are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the whole, our population is getting older. The11in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see12, not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in13if not in age.As our society grows old, we need the14of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to15active and be devoted.1.A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered2.A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely3.A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately4.A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately5.A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier6.A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing7.A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure8.A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value9.A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases10.A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet11.A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases12.A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices13.A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement14.A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission15.A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay2014年完形填空说明文、议论文Close 1【2014年新课标Ⅰ卷】As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ____41____at work in people of all _____42____. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about ___43____with their new toys. But their ___44_____soon wear off and by January those_____45____toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_____46____stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s ____47_____interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child____48____bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the___49____of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great____50___but soon looking forward to_____51___. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many____52_____, who complain about the long drives to work, ____53_____drove for hours at a time when they first_____54____ their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually ___55____to do a lot of___56__things, which never had __57___while working. But ____58____after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they ___59____. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new____60_____.【小题1】A.principle B.habit C.way D.power【小题2】A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages【小题3】A.working B.living C.playing D.going【小题4】A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow【小题5】A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive【小题6】A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled【小题7】A.broad B.passing C.different D.main【小题8】A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly【小题9】A.promise B.burden C.right D.game【小题10】A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement【小题11】A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success【小题12】A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees【小题13】A.carefully B.eagerly C. nervously D.bravely【小题14】A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered【小题15】A.need B.learn C.start D.plan【小题16】A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct【小题17】A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge【小题18】A.only B.well C.even D.soon【小题19】A.lost B.choose C.left D.quit【小题20】A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleaguesClose 2【2014年重庆卷】Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and 28 them. Here are some 29 on how to fit in.Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30 at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31 . If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as "that crazy foreigner".Wearing proper clothes is important too, 32 locals will judge you by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33 , especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.Also be cautious about expressing 34 . Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35 to kiss in public.28. A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove29. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices30. A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied D. awkward3l. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction32. A. but B. for C.so D. or33. A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated34. A. emotions B. concern C. interest D. views35. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary。
2022年高考英语复习备考阅读理解(议论文)专题练习
2022年高考英语复习备考阅读理解(议论文)专题练习1.阅读理解On her first day teaching students from poor families at an afterschool program in New York City, Alyssa Kapasi noticed how many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruit in the school cafeteria. One of the workers explained that many of these students don't get enough to eat at home, so a school lunch or an afterschool meal might be the most food they would get all day.Kapasi, who attends private school, was very surprised. What's more, she made up her mind to help. "I want other kids to understand that if you see a problem, you don't have to wait to grow up to fix it," says Kapasi. She and a group of friends are now putting their programming skills to work to create an app called Food for Thought, which will allow parents, students, and even kindhearted strangers to donate to a lunch account for a student in need at a nearby school.About 20 million American kids receive free lunches. Two million more can have lowprice meals, and those students' families have to pay for part of their food. When they don't have the money on any given day, the students might have to settle for an "alternative (可替代的) meal" such as a cheese sandwich.The app — which is getting financial (财政的) support from a GoFundMe page — provides anonymity (匿名) to those who receive lunch and donors. To receive help, a family will need only a recommendation (推荐) from a school teacher, and no one else has to know."I want to make an app that all users feel no shame in using," says Kapasi. She hopes to test the app in a school district this fall.(1)Why does Kapasi want to create an app?A.To teach kids how to help others.B.To practise her programming skills.C.To introduce her school to the public.D.To solve the problem of hunger in schools.(2)What does the underlined phrase "settle for" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Buy.B.Make.C.Accept.D.Offer.(3)What should a family do if they want to get help from Food for Thought?A.Visit a GoFundMe page.B.Get in touch with Kapasi.C.Be recommended by teachers.D.Donate something else instead.(4)What can we infer about the users of Kapasi's app?A.They won't lose face in using it.B.They will make money by using it.C.They will know who offers them help.D.They won't meet their donors until this fall.2.阅读理解Idema, a Dutch Sinologist(汉学家), has served as the director of the Chinese Languages and Cultures Department at Leiden University of the Netherlands and was also director of Harvard's Fairbank Center for East Asian Research.He has studied ancient Chinese plays, novels and literature, and has authored or translated a number of influential books published in English and other languages.The 70yearold Dutch Sinologist recalled his halfcenturylong romance with Chinese culture during a recent visit to Beijing.As a child,the vivid descriptions of China in Nobel and Pulitzer Prizewinner Pearl S.Buck's books sparked Idema's interest in the country.He later read classic Chinese literature and spent whole days pouring through works at the National Library of China.While many other experts on China focused on the country's economic transformation, Idema continued to study traditional Chinese literature."There were scholars studying law, religion and society, but not traditional Chinese literature,which was my personal interest," Idema explains.Finding reference books for his research,especially regional publications,used to be a huge challenge,and Idema used to spend a lot of time collecting books and other materials during visits to China.Now it is much more convenient with the Internet.Idema usually chooses lessknown subjects for his research and tries to get firsthand materials.In recent years, he has devoted himself to translating Chinese folk tales and writing about Chinese folk society and folk culture."Traditional Chinese culture is a passion.I have been studying it for 50 years and will continue to do so,"says the retired professor.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。
超实用高考英语复习:阅读理解 议论文 ----测(原卷版)
专题19 阅读理解议论文备考高考英语二轮复习距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
名校最新测试卷阅读理解(议论文)(共八篇)1.(广西柳州高中柳南校区英语2022届高考模拟试题)At first glance, it looks like a small revolution is happening in retail (零售) in America. Nearly 650, 000 workers in the sector quit their jobs in April, the biggest number in over 20 years. Driven by a combination of low wages, COVID-19 risks, and harassment (烦扰) from customers, many are leaving their retail jobs behind in search of something different.Even before the pandemic, a lot of retail jobs weren’t good jobs. In 2017, the typical pay for full-time workers in the sector was less than $33, 000 a year, not enough to live on in many places. And unpredictable schedules left many workers scrambling to arrange child care or transportationat a moment’s notice, never sure if they’d get enough hours each week to pay their bills. Jobs in the industry were largely considered temporary jobs with low status and low pay.Then, when the pandemic hit, those jobs also became dangerous, as employees at grocery stores and big-box retailers like Target and Walmart had to work in person while others sheltered at home. At least 158 grocery store workers have died of COVID-19 and at least 35, 100 have been infected or exposed and numbers for the industry as a whole are likely much higher. Then there are the customers. Harassment and rudeness are a fact of life in many retail jobs, even under normal conditions. Customers would often yell at groomers over things like not being able to provide a certain cut or service for a dog.Retail workers who have concerns about their current jobs may also have more choices than before. With the economy reopening and many businesses looking to hire, there’s a demand for labor across sectors. But that doesn’t necessarily mean they were moving on to better jobs — wages across industries haven’t meaningfully risen, meaning workers who quit aren’t, as a whole, making more money. The fact that workers may have more choices, for now, isn’t yet translating into better choices. Overall, it’s not clear that the large number of workers quitting really means they have more power in the economy-power to demand not just a new job but one with higher pay, better conditions, and fairer treatment from customers and managers alike.32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A. A lot of retail workers resign their jobs.B. The retail industry in America is promising.C. Many workers quit just because of low pay.D. The customers in America are really annoying.33. What mainly made the retail jobs more difficult during the pandemic?A. Workers had fewer job opportunities.B. Workers’ life safety was in danger.C. Most of the retail jobs were temporary.D. Workers received more harassment from customers.34. What is author’s opinion about the phenomenon in retail?A. He thinks it requires public attention.B. He argues it has improved.C. He believes it a positive development.D. He supposes it may not bring good results.35. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Do you want to find a better job?B. Does the pandemic hit the retail jobs?C. Does a new job mean a better job?D. Were the retail jobs good or not?Mom was a good cook. Her homemade chili sauce was second to none, and the things she could do with a chicken … well, it makes my mouth water to think about it. I once offered to make my sister Kathy’s bed for a week if she would give me the last slice of toast made by Mom.No doubt about it, Mom was a great cook — most of the time. If a beef steak was placed in her frying pan, she turned into the anti-cook. She could turn that finest meat into a piece of hard protein with the smell of shoe leather. Of course, she really tried.One day, my brother Bud took me out for lunch in a popular restaurant and he ordered beef steaks. Since he was paying, I thought I should have at least one or two bites. But when the waitress served our steaks, I was surprised at how good they smelled. Suddenly I understood why others spoke of beef steaks lovingly. I wolfed down my steak. I was a born-again beef-eater.“You know,” I said to Bud, “I used to think Mom was a great cook. But it’s hard to believe that her steaks came from the same animal as these steaks.”“Mom is really a great cook,” Bud said. “Think about it. She grew up during the Great Depression (大萧条). That’s when she learned to cook. How often do you think they had steaks? It is only recently that they could afford to buy steaks. So it isn’t that she isn’t a good cook.”It’s that way with all of us, isn’t it? Even our strengths have elements (成分) of weakness. That’s why great athletes still train and great actors still practice. Greatness isn’t something we are; it is something we become. And that process (过程) of becoming includes learning and growing through both success and failure.4. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. The author’s mom was a really good cook.B. The author loved his family members very much.C. Mom loved Kathy more than the author.D. The toast made by Mom was the author’s favorite food.5. How did that eating in the restaurant affect the author?A. He realized that beef was the best meat.B. He started to like home-made beef steaks.C. He would eat beef steaks only in that restaurant.D. He didn’t think beef steaks were terrible food anymore.6. Why couldn’t the author’s mom cook beef steaks well?A. She seldom ate meat when she was young.B. She had little experience in cooking them.C. She couldn’t afford good beef at that time.D. She actually wasn’t a good cook.7. What message does the text want to give?A. One is never too old to learn.B. Failure is the mother of success.C. Greatness still needs learning and growing.D. Everyone has both strengths and weaknesses.What Kids Can Learn From LosingEveryone wants what’s best for their kid, but no one knows what that is. It might be succeeding, but it might be failing. It might be winning, but it might be losing. I’ve relearned this truth as a member of that most pitied and envied of species, the hockey (冰球) parent, while watching my son ascend from Mite to Bantam, House League to Travel.In his third season in 2013, my son’s team never lost more than three straight games. It was a typically good youth hockey season. He improved as a player but did not much change as a person. For that, you need to lose, which is what happened the next year, when his team added its story to the legends of “sporting incapability”. For a time, I worried that these failures would kill my child’s love of the game.But that’s not what happened. As bad as it got, the losing was clarifying. It weeded out the kids who were in it less for the game than the glory, leaving just the die-hards behind. What started as a list of 17 players was culled down to 12. It was especially inspiring for my kid. It taught him a great truth of the world: For everyone good, there is someone better. For everything big, there is something bigger. In this way, he learned modesty. And, by giving up even the expectation of victory, he remembered what it was that he’d loved about the game in the first place.When they began to win, they did it as a different kind of group. When they’d won before, it had been with individual performance. When ahead, they’d coast. When behind, they’d quit. This new team had character and could never be counted out, no matter the score. They had learned the most important lesson: You can lose without being beaten.They made it all the way to the final, where the winner was decided in overtime (加时赛). When they lost that game and went into the handshake line, it was not as runners-up (亚军) but asa team that had been made into winners in the only way that will stick – by losing.12. Which level may be the highest?A. Mite.B. Bantam.C. House League.D. Travel.13. What can you infer from Paragraph 2?A. The team won three games in the third season 2013.B. The team was the best youth hockey one.C. The author’s son did not understand what losing really means.D. The failures did not kill the child’s love of the game.14. When the team began to win, what was different from the past?A. They performed better in the games.B. Their hockey skills improved.C. They knew when to quit.D. They became mentally stronger.15. What message does this story convey?A. Failure teaches success.B. Ups and downs make one strong.C. He who laughs last, laughs best.D. A good player never lose.4.(2022届北京中国人民大学附属中学高三三模英语试题)Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role modelsis like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering on.”31. Imitation proves useful when you________.A. know you are uniqueB. lose the balance of lifeC. begin to learn something newD. get tired of routine practice32. According to the author, the world moves on because of those who are________.A. desperate to influence others with their knowledgeB. ready to turn their original ideas into realityC. eager to discover what their ancestors didD. willing to accept others’ ideas33. The trouble a creator faces is________.A. the lack of strong motivationB. the absence of practical ideasC. how to search for more materialsD. how to use imagination creatively34. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A. To highlight the importance of creativity.B. To criticize the characters of role models.C. To compare imitation with creation.D. To explain the meaning of success.5.(北京101中学2022届上学期高三年级10月月考英语试卷)“If I only had a little humility, I’d be perfect,” the media giant Ted Turner supposedly said sometime in the 1990s. Why be modest? Aristotle said: “All men by nature desire to know.” Intellectual humility is a particular instance of humility, since you can bedown-to-earth about most things but still ignore your mental limitations.Intellectual humility means recognising that we don’t know everything. Actually, it means we should acknowledge that we're probably biased in our belief about just how much we understand and seek out the sources of wisdom that we lack.The Internet and digital media have created the impression of limitless knowledge at our fingertips. But, by making us lazy, they have opened up a space that ignorance can fill. The psychologist Tania Lombrozo of the University of California explained how technology enhances our illusions (错觉) of wisdom. She argues that the way we access information is critical to our understanding—and the more easily we can recall an image, word or statement, the more likely we’ll think we’ve successfully learned it, and so withdraw from effortful cognitive processing. Logical puzzles presented in an unfriendly font (字体), for example, can encourage someone to make extra effort to solve them. Yet this approach runs counter to the nice designs of the apps and sites that populate our screens, where our brain processes information in a “smooth” way. What about all the information that presents online? Well, your capacity to learn from it depends on your attitudes. Intellectually humble people don’t hide or ignore their weaknesses. In fact, they see them as sources of personal development, and use arguments as an opportunity to refine their views. People who are humble by nature tend to be more open-minded and quicker to resolve disputes, since they recognise that their own opinions might not be valid.At the other end of the scale lies intellectual arrogance. Such arrogance almost always originates from the egocentric bias – the tendency to overestimate their own virtue or importance, ignoring the role of chance or the influence of other people’s actions on their lives. This is what makes these people credit success to themselves and failure to circumstance. From an evolutionary perspective, intellectual arrogance can also be seen as a way of achieving dominance through forcing one’s view on others. Intellectually arrogant people hardly invest mental resources in discussion or working towards group consensus, thus making it hard for groups to work successfully.The Thrive Center for Human Development in California, which seeks to help youngpeople turn into successful adults, is funding a series of major studies about intellectual humility. Their hypothesis is that humility, curiosity and openness are key to a fulfilling life. “Without humility, you are unable to learn,” Laszlo Bock, Google’s Head of People Operations, notes.31. The passage is mainly about ______.A. the harm arrogance does to usB. the key elements to a fulfilling lifeC. the significance of intellectual humilityD. the way people access information online32. Technology enhances our illusions of wisdom because it ______.A. enables people to think criticallyB. offers too much unreliable informationC. allows easy access to abundant informationD. makes it hard for people to recall information33. According to Para.3, intellectually humble people ______.A. value others’ opinions more than their ownB. use online information to better themselvesC. are unwilling to show their strengthsD. prefer to solve difficult problems6.(河北省唐山市开滦第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题)Everyone has a different idea about what achieving success involves. For some, they want to lose weight. For others, they desire to build a business that creates financial freedom.Whatever success means to you, it has probably shaped you over the years by the images you see of people in creating success for themselves. Social media has millions of daily users that are sharing information about their life and business. You see their stories of success and wins. It’s not uncommon for people to share successes without talking about the struggle on the path to accomplishing those. As a matter of fact, we can’t see the whole picture when someone shares his/her wins. In other words, we get caught in the comparison trap which can weaken the success-seekers. If you’re going to reach new growth levels and accomplish your goals, you’ll need to stop chasing a false image of success.The Internet and social media have created a culture in which individuals can instantly get a sense of satisfaction with themselves. You post an achievement, and immediate praise follows. That satisfaction is exciting and makes individuals want to experience it often. The vanity(虚荣心) causes false decision about what’s going on in someone’s life. If your image of success is this vanity-driven false one, your looking into someone else’s success journey is a surface-level glance. You can’t base what you do and the decisions you make on the little bit you see.A smart strategy is when you see success, model it and use what you see from others as motivation. But don’t let a surface-level image be your driving force towards your goals. A falseimage of success has held you back for far too long. Let the false images of success come and go. After all, attitude drives actions. Actions drive results. Results drive lifestyles.23.What is the common practice of the successful people?A.They are always shaped by other people’s success.B.They often compare their success with others’.C.They don’t mention their hard work for success.D.They’d like to share their advantages over others.、24.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.A culture.B.A new growth level.C.The path to success.D.The sense of satisfaction.25.How should we view other people’s success?A.By copying it with great ambition.B.By creating an image of our own success.C.By motivating ourselves to achieve our goals.D.By making comparisons to find out our shortcomings.26.What does the author mainly intend to tell us?A.We can seek for success in different ways.B.We should not chase a false image of success.C.We can turn our goals into reality on our own.D.We’d better not make a decision based on social media.7. (云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考)It was just after 5 pm. I was holding a cup of tea at Sainsbury’s, the second largest chain of supermarkets in the U. K. We were around a dozen customers in the supermarket’s cafe, and most of us were on our own. Despite placing the special sign “Reserved for customers in the mood for a chat” in an obvious position, I got no takers.Government announcers tell us that Britons of all ages are suffering loneliness. About 200, 000 senior citizens have not spoken to a friend or relative for over a month. Family doctors suspect that some of their patients are making appointments because they are lonely. The receptionists also agree that the front desk is a magnet for the isolated to come and experience a bit of human contact. And the young, even with their busy lives on social media, are also affected. New research from Sainsbury’s Living Well Index reveals that almost two thirds of the people aged between 18 and 24 have admitted to sometimes feeling lonely.To ease the problem of loneliness, Sainsbury’s has launched “Talking Tables,” which are reserved spaces where people can have a chat. They appear in a variety of formats. A sign-posted table located in cafés in-store is one of them. The concept has been developed in close association with Chatty Café. Alexandra Hoskyn was inspired to start a network of Chatty Cafés in the U. K.in 2017 after finding herself socially isolated as a new mother at home with young children.“We know from our Living Well Index that community connections are a key driver of helping people live well,” says Judith Batchelar, director of Sainsbury’s brand. “We hope that by bringing people together at our ‘Talking Tables,’ we can develop the potential of our store space to help people be better connected to the communities they live and work in.”A European friend suggested that all this unsolicited(自发的) friendliness may not seem very British. However, a staff member at the Sainsbury’s sounded more positive: “It’s early days, and you cannot change people’s habits overnight.”28. Who might come to “Talking Table”?A. Only the lonely old people.B. People having communication problems.C. Teenagers active in social media.D. Anyone eager to chat.29. What can we infer from the text?A. “Talking Table” is a pioneer in the UK.B. “Talking Table” was inspired by some new mothers.C. Friendliness can change British habits directly.D. “Talking Table” can produce a sense of belonging.30. What is the important element for people’s well-being according to Judith Batchelar?A. Personal ambition.B. Physical and mental health.C. Communication in the community.D. Relations with family.31. What is the passage mainly about?A. The largest supermarket chain in the UK Sainsbury’s.B. The supermarket’s cafes helping ease loneliness.C. The latest study on loneliness of senior citizens.D. The approaches to getting rid of loneliness.8. (北京市北京师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023高三上学期开学摸底考试)Removing gender biasTailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has failed to enter many other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见;成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers.An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets thegreen light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法).Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias—designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users.Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women—including seat belts—because they are no! designed properly.But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70—80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions.Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back?27.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.A.hits the market B.gets approvalC.becomes successful D.comes into being28.What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3?A.Why tech’s design bias needs to be fixed.B.How gender bias is affecting tech companies.C.Where gender bias in product design is rooted.D.Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies.29.We can learn from the passage that ________.A.tech companies are unwilling to changeB.design bias may result in missed opportunitiesC.male workers benefit more in engineering teamsD.tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products答题处:1.___________;2.____________;3.____________;4.___________;5.____________;6.___________;7.____________;8.____________;9.___________;10.___________;高考质量提升是一项系统工程,涉及到多个方面、各个维度,关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破,收到事半功倍的效果。
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Day 6阅读理解(6)(议论文)Passage 1文体:议论文词数:362 限时:8分钟How can you help kids cope with stress? Proper rest and good nutrition can improve coping skills, so can good parenting. Make time for your kids each day. Whether they need to talk with you or just be in the same room with you, make yourself available.Even as kids get older, quality time is important. It’s really hard for some people to come home after a tiring day of work, get down on the floor, and play with their kids or just talk to them about their day—especially if they’ve had a stressful day themselves. But expressing interest in your kids shows that they’re important to you.Help your child deal with stress by talking about what may be causing it. Together, you can come up with a few solutions. For example, he should cut back on after-school activities, spending more time talking with his parents or teachers, developing an exercise plan or keeping a journal.You can also help by predicting potentially stressful situations and preparing kids for them. For example, let a child know ahead of time, but not too far ahead of time, that a doctor’s appointment is coming up and talk about what will happen there. Keep in mind, though, that youngerkids probably won’t need too much advance preparation. Too much information can cause more stress.Remember that some level of stress is normal. Let kids know that it’s OK to feel angry, scared, lonely, or anxious and that other people share those feelings, too.When kids can’t or won’t discuss these problems, t ry talking about your own concerns. This shows that you’re willing to handle tough topics and are available to talk with when they’re ready. If a child shows symptoms that concern you and is unwilling to talk, consult a counselor(顾问) or other mental health experts.Most parents have the skills to cope with their children’s stress. The time to seek professional attention is when any change in behavior continues to exist, when stress is causing serious anxiety, or when the behavior is causing significant problems in functioning at school or at home.1.What is the purpose of the text?A.To share the author’s ideas on proper parenting.B.To persuade parents to spend more time with their kids.C.To advise parents how to help their kids deal with stress.D.To seek different ways to help solve kids’ problems.2.Why do some parents feel it difficult to spare quality time for their kids?A.Their kids are growing so fast.B.They have too much housework.C.Their kids are losing interest in them.D.They are tired out after work.3.You are advised not to talk too much about a stressful situation in advance because ______.A.it does no good to your kidsB.it doesn’t work in practiceC.your kids may not feel stressedD.your kids don’t want to listen4.What can we learn from the text?A.Normal people share the same feelings.B.It is normal for kids to have some stress.C.Kids should get rid of the negative feelings.D.Everybody feels angry, scared, lonely and anxious.Passage 2文体:议论文词数:358 限时:8分钟“When I grow up, I want to be…”Almost all of us have thought about, or been asked to think about, our future careers. Our answers may differ greatly. Even now your aspirations may have changed from whenyou were in primary school.However, it seems career options aren’t only based on personal taste. In a survey carried out by teens, doctors, lawyers, and bankers were some of most popular careers that people said they hoped to follow. This is in line with a similar survey carried out in the U.K. in May 2011 by job website , in which medicine was the top choice among U.K. teenagers aged between 13 and 17.Medicine and law are two of the oldest and best known professions. Their prestige(威望) may come from the fact that doctors and lawyers are some of the most esteemed members of society, and they make good money. Joining these high-profile professions is often seen as a sign of upward social mobility.It is equally unsurprising that banking is now one of the most common career choices. Youngsters worldwide think of banking and see the money rolling in. Wealth is increasingly becoming one of the most important indicators of a successful career. British young men list the U.K. tycoon Alan Sugar, Microsoft founder Bill Gates and Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg as their top role models “for their wealth”. Just as Chinese teenagers see being a banker as a good and fun pathway to “wealth”. However, not every child has the makings of doctor, lawyer, or banker. They are those who see fulfillment and happiness in other areas, and many teenagers dare to ink more individuality into their careeroptions. As the Teens’ survey discovered, a variety of unconventional jobs—coffee shop owner, gourmet(美食家), waiter at a fast food restaurant—are among teenagers’ career choices. They can be equally interesting and rewarding jobs. With every choice comes responsibility and challenge, and all career paths require specific education and training, you have to learn to balance optimism and confidence with being realistic about your particular talents and skills.1.What is the top career choice among U.K. teenagers aged between 13 and 17 according to the article?A.Bank.w.C.Medicine.cation.2.What do youngsters think is increasingly becoming one of the most important indicators of a successful career?A.Prestige.B.Fulfillment.C.Happiness.D.Wealth.3.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.According to your particular talents and skills, you can choose your favorite career.B.Specific education and training can help get a good job.C.Whatever career you choose, you should balance optimism and confidence with being realistic about your particular talents and skills.D.Responsibility is the most important when you choose a good job.Passage 3文体:议论文词数:233 限时:6分钟Nowadays more and more traditional businessmen feel worried that growing e-commerce will decrease their share of the market.According to a survey, 90%of some people’s purchases are made on the computer. As they find that by being able to go shopping online and choose the things that they need, and have them delivered right to their doorsteps, they could no longer be bothered with driving, the crowds, the noise of that, and they usually get a better selection. But sometimes they are cheated only to get the things they hate.Cornell University Marketing Professor Edward McLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing, which customers may want to see and try on before purchasing, as well as items that are difficult to transport. He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services such as setting up or repairing computers and other electronic equipment.Traditional stores also offer social experiences that some shoppers enjoy. There is still a lot of emotion in the buying decision that takes place. Oftentimes, you need that last sense of “this is exactly what Iwant” before you part with money. And you can’t always get that online. It’s a rather cold process.As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones, online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries.1.Traditional businessmen feel upset because ______.A.people like to have their goods taken good care ofB.growing online sales will seize their share of the marketC.more and more young people purchase things on the computerD.consumers can always get a better selection by shopping online2.According to McLaughlin, some traditional stores are keeping customers by ______.A.giving customers electronic toys as presentsB.making their goods better and cheaperC.delivering goods to each doorstepD.providing customers with extra services3.From the fourth paragraph, we know that ______.A.online shoppers tend to be friendly to each otherB.the process of shopping online is full of emotionC.making buying decisions in traditional shops is difficultD.some shoppers like the social environment in traditional stores4.What is the author’s attitude toward the future online commerce?A.Optimistic.B.Doubtful.C.Worried.D.Concerned.答案及解析Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。