202X全国高考英语大纲解析.doc

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2020年高考英语考试大纲(官方版)附录五高考考纲词汇3500词无释义

英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。

1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形状 (Shape)(53) 颜色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)附录4话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录5词汇表Aa(an)art abandon vability nable a abnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion nabout ad&prep above prep,a&ad abroad adabrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a&n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a&n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n&v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v&n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre nacross prepact n&vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition n address n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission nadmit v adolescence n adolescent a&n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v&n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise v advocate vaffair naffect vaffection n afford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a&nafter ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s)ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n&vAIDS naim n&vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n&valbum nalcohol nalcoholic a&n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pron allergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad&prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum)n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze v amazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n&v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v&n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a&pron answer n&v ant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron&a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad&a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v&n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v&n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n&v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue v argument narise(arose,arisen)v arithmetic narm n&v armchair narmy naround ad&prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj&prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a&n aside adask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v&n attain v attempt v&n attend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a&navoid vawake(awoke,awoken)v&a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a&n background nbackward(s)adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria)n bad(worse,worst)a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n&vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n&vbark v&nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic a basin nbasis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1nbear2vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten)v&n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become)v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun)v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior)n behind prep&adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent)v beneath prepbeneficial abenefit n&vbent a&nbeside prepbesides prep&ad betray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v&nbig a bike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten)v bitter ablack a&n blackboard n blame n&vblank n&a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n&vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown)v blue n&aboard n&vboat nbody nboil vbomb n&v bond n&v bone n bonus n book n&v boom n&v boot nbooth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a&pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v&n bowl n bowling n box n boxing nboy n boycott v brain nbrake n&vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken)v&n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought)v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed)v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n&abrunch nbrush v&nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built)v building nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed)v&nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness n businessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women)n busy abut conj&prepbutcher n&vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n&vbuy(bought,bought)vby prepbye int Ccab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n&vcalm a&vcamel ncamera ncamp n&v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n&vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n&vcassette ncast(cast,cast)v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught)v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n&vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter)n central acentre(Am center)n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women)n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n&v changeable a channel nchant v&nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a&ncharge v&nchart nchat n&vcheap acheat n&vcheck n&vcheek ncheer n&vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a&n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check)n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a&nchild(pl children)n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n&vchoose(chose,chosen)v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n Christmas n church n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n&v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen ncity ncivil a civilian n civilization n clap vclarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v&a cleaner n clear aclerk n clever aclick v climate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a&adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a&ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color)n&v comb n&vcombine v come(came,come)v comedy ncomfort n comfortable a command n&v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n&a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a&v complex a&n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer nconcentrate v concept n concern v&n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1n content2a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n&a contribute v contribution n control v&n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n&v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n&v corn ncorner n corporation n correct v&a correction n correspond v corrupt a&v cost n&vcosy(Am cozy)a cottage n cotton n&a cough n&v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin ncover n&v cow ncrash v&n crayon ncrazy acream ncreate v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria)n crop ncross n&v crossing n crossroads ncrowd n&vcruel acry n&vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n&vcurious acurrency n curriculum n curtain ncushion ncustom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut)v&n cycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy n daily a,ad&n dam n damage n&v damp a&n dance n&v danger n dangerous a dare v&modal v dark a&n darkness n dash v&ndata n database ndate n&v daughter n dawn nday ndead a deadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n&v debt ndecade n decide v decision n declare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a&addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense)n defend vdegree ndelay n&vdelete v&n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.)n departure ndepend vdeposit v&ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v&n deserve vdesign v&ndesire v&ndesk ndesperate adessert n destination n destroy vdetective n determine v develop v development n devote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog)n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference n different adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug)v digest vdigital adignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma n direct a&v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike vdismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district ndisturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done)v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor n dormitory(dorm)n dot ndouble a&n doubt n&v down prep&ad download n&v downstairs ad downtown ad,n&a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n&vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn)v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed)n&v dress n&vdrill n&vdrink(drank,drunk)v drive(drove,driven)v driver ndrop n&vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v&aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a&proneager aeagle near nearly a&adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad&nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten)vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj&adelder n elect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n&v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n&vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a&ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire a entrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v&n equal a&v equality n equip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt v escape n&v especially ad essay n Europe n European a&n evaluate v even ad evening n event n eventually ad ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example n excellent aexcept prep exchange n&v excite vexcuse n&v exercise n&v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore vexport n&v expose vexpress v&n expression n extension nextra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n&vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v&nfailure nfair1afair2nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen)v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v&a fantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest)a&ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a&adfasten vfat n&afather nfault nfavour(Am favor)n favourite(Am favorite)a&n fax n&vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed)vfeel(felt,felt)vfeeling nfellow nfemale a&nfence nferry nfestival n&afetch vfever nfew pron&afibre(Am fiber)nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought)n&v figure n&vfile nfill vfilm n&vfinal afinance nfind(found,found)vfine1afine2vfinger nfingernail nfinish v&nfire n&vfireworks nfirm1nfirm2afish n&vfisherman nfist nfit a&vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1a flat2nflee(fled,fled)vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n&vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2nfocus v&nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n&afollow vfond afood nfool n&vfoolish afoot(pl feet)nfootball nfor prep&conjforbid(forbade,forbidden)v force vforecast n&vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen)v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten)v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven)v fork nform n&vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen)v freezing a frequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a&n frontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n&afunction n&v fundamental a funeral nfunny afur nfurnished a furniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ngarage n garbage n garden ngarlic n garment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a&n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got)vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given)v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove n glue ngo(went,gone)vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n&agolden agolf ngood(better,best)a goods ngoose(pl geese)n govern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a&ad greedy agreen a&n greengrocer n greet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray)a grill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown)v growth n guarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit n hair nhaircut nhalf a&nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n&vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n&vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed)v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor)nhard ad&ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n&vharmful aharmony nharvest n&vhat nhatch vhate v&nhave(has,had,had)v he pronhead n&v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy ahear(heard,heard)v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight n helicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n&vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pron hesitate vhi int hide(hid,hidden)vhigh a&adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit)v&n hobby nhold(held,held)vhole nholiday nholy ahome n&ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor)n&v hook n&vhope n&vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n&vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad&conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a&n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor)n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt)v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea n identity n identification n idiom nif conjignore vill aillegal a illness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v&n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep&ad inch n incident n include v income n increase v&n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n&v inform vinformation n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep&ad insist vinspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval ninterview n&vinto prepintroduce v introduction ninvent vinvention ninvitation ninvite viron n&virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry)n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n&vjudgement(Am judgment)njuice njump n&vjungle njunior ajust a&adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept)vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v&nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer)n kind1nkind2akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom n kiss n&vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives)n knock n&vknow(knew,known)v knowledge nLlab=laboratory n labour(Am labor)n lack n&vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n&v language nlantern nlap nlarge alast a&vlate a&adlatter nlaugh n&v laughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid)v lazy alead(led,led)v&n leader nleaf(pl leaves)n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed)vleast nleather nleave(left,left)v lecture nleft a,ad&nleg nlegal alemon n&a lemonade nlend(lent,lent)v length nlesson nlet(let,let)vletter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library nlicense nlid nlie1n&v lie2(lay,lain)v life(pl lives) n lift v&nlight n,v&a lightning nlike v&prep likely alimit vline n&vlink v&nlion nlip nliquid n&alist n&vlisten v literature n literary alitre(Am liter)n litter vlittle(less,least)a live v&alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n&v lonely along a&ad look n&v loose alorry nlose(lost,lost)vloss nlot nloud alounge nlove n&vlovely alow a&adluck nlucky aluggage nlunch nlung nMmachine nmad amadam/madame n magazine nmagic amaid nmail n&v mailbox nmain amainland nmajor amajority nmake1nmake2(made,made)v male a&nman(pl men)n manage vmanager nmankind nmanner nmany(more,most)pron&a map nmaple nmarathon nmarble nmarch n&vmark n&vmarket nmarriage nmarry vmask n&vmass nmaster v&nmat nmatch v&nmaterial nmathematics=math/maths nmatter n&vmature amaximum a&nmay modal vmaybe adme pronmeal nmean(meant,meant)v meaning n。

高中英语考纲解读

高中英语考纲解读一、考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是普通高等学校招生的重要考核方式之一。

本次考试是针对高中阶段学生的英语能力进行的综合性测试，旨在评估考生在词汇、语法、阅读、写作、听力等方面的综合运用能力。

二、考试目标通过本考试的考生应具备以下能力：1、掌握3500个左右的单词和短语，能正确拼写、运用常用单词和短语，并具有初步的听、说、读、写技能。

2、掌握基本语法知识，包括时态、语态、语气、名词性从句、定语从句等，能在语境中正确运用这些语法知识。

3、能独立阅读一篇约300字的短文，理解文章主旨，掌握文章细节，并能进行推理和判断。

4、能根据所给提示和要求，用英语写一篇100字左右的短文，内容连贯，语法正确，表达清晰。

5、能听懂日常生活中的简单对话和短文，并能根据所听内容进行简单的信息交流和记录。

三、考试内容与要求本考试分为听力理解、语言知识运用、阅读理解、写作和口语表达五个部分。

1、听力理解：考生应能听懂日常生活、学习和工作中常见的对话和短文，并能根据所听内容进行简单的信息交流和记录。

2、语言知识运用：考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能正确拼写、运用常用单词和短语。

此部分要求考生在语境中运用所学的语法知识，正确理解句子意思，并完成相应的题目。

3、阅读理解：考生应能独立阅读一篇约300字的短文，理解文章主旨，掌握文章细节，并能进行推理和判断。

4、写作：考生应能根据所给提示和要求，用英语写一篇100字左右的短文，内容连贯，语法正确，表达清晰。

5、口语表达：考生应能在日常生活中进行简单的英语对话和交流，并能根据所给话题进行简单的发言。

四、考试形式与时间本考试采用闭卷、笔试形式，全卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。

安徽中考语文考纲解读一、命题依据以《全日制义务教育语文课程标准（实验稿）》（以下简称“语文课程标准”）为依据，以人教版《语文》教科书七至九年级为基本阅读材料，以安徽省中考语文《考试纲要》（以下简称“中考纲要”）为基本范围和内容。

解读高考英语大纲（新课程）：一词多义取胜关键

解读高考英语大纲(新课程)：一词多义取胜关键天津特级教师俞声弟一、NMET设计的指导思想1、命题原则历年保持一致NMET的设计为两大部分，即：语言知识题和语言运用题。

语言知识题的命制原则为：保证知识覆盖面，尽可能增加综合性与语境化的因素，如：时态，非谓语动词，从句，情态动词，冠词，代词和跨文化交际等内容。

语言运用题的命制原则为：(1)语言必须放在实际的、并尽可能不同的情景中运用；例如：John shut everybody out of the kitchen___________he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.(NMET2002)A、whichB、whenC、so thatD、as if (C)(2)语言必须适合具体的交际行为；例如NMET2003，第6段听力材料W：Morning,teagain。

M：Oh,I′m so sorry.I can′t tell you how sorry I am.W：Uh,what′s the excuse this time?M：Uh,I must have turned the clock offand goes back to sleepagain.W：Yeah.And last week one of children wasn′t well.M：Yes,I know.W：Um……M：Oh,Iam really sorry.I promise it won′t happenagain.Question：What′s the possible relationship between the womanand the man?A、Wifeand husband.B、Doctorand patient.C、Bossand secretary. (C)(3)考核的焦点在于是否达到交际目的；例如：———Whatabout havingadrink?———__________. (NMET2000)A、Good ideaB、Help yourselfC、Goahead,pleaseD、Me,too (A)(4)语言交际行为除了需要语言能力外，还需要一些其他的能力。

高考英语语法考试重点大纲解读

高考英语语法考试重点大纲解读对于即将参加高考的学子们来说，英语语法是英语学习中至关重要的一部分。

掌握高考英语语法的重点，不仅有助于在考试中取得优异成绩，更能为日后的英语学习打下坚实的基础。

接下来，让我们一起深入解读高考英语语法考试的重点大纲。

一、动词时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考英语语法中的核心考点。

时态主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及现在完成进行时。

一般现在时用于表示经常发生的动作、客观事实或真理。

例如：“The sun rises in the east” 一般过去时则用于描述过去发生的动作或状态。

比如：“I went to Beijing last year” 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作，常见的表达有“will ＋动词原形”“be going to ＋动词原形”等。

现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，结构为“be ＋动词的现在分词”。

过去进行时强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。

例如：“I was reading a book at 8 o'cl ock last night” 将来进行时表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。

现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。

其结构为“have/has ＋过去分词”。

过去完成时则以过去某个时间为基准，表示过去的过去所发生的动作。

语态方面，分为主动语态和被动语态。

被动语态的构成是“be ＋过去分词”，需要根据时态和主语的单复数来确定具体形式。

二、非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。

例如：“To learn English well is not easy” （作主语）“I want to go shopping” （作宾语）动名词具有名词的特征，可作主语、宾语、定语等。

高考英语全国统一考试科考试大纲(新课程版).doc

高考英语全国统一考试科考试大纲（新课程版）Ⅰ．英语考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学历的考生参加的选拔性考试。

高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度。

英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。

Ⅱ．考试内容和形式根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，参照教育部2000年颁发的《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（试验修订版）》，并考虑中学教学实际，制订本学科考试内容。

试卷由第一卷和第二卷两部分组成。

第一卷包括第一、二、三部分，为客观性试题。

第二卷即第四部分，为主观性试题。

第一部分：听力本部分共两节，测试考生理解口头英语的能力。

第一节：共5小题，每小题1.5分。

要求考生根据所听到的5段简短对话，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段录音材料仅读一遍。

第二节：共15小题，每小题1.5分。

要求考生根据所听到的5段对话或独白，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段录音材料读两遍考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上；听力部分结束后，考生有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

本部分所需时间为20分钟（含转涂时间）。

第二部分：英语知识运用本部分共两节，测试考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。

第一节：共15小题，每小题1分。

每题在一句或两句话中留出空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

第二节：共20小题，每小题1.5分。

在一篇200-250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

本部分所需时间约为25分钟。

第三部分：阅读理解测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。

共20小题，每小题2分。

要求考生根据所提供短文的内容（不少于1000词），从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

本部分所需时间约为35分钟。

第四部分：写本部分共两节，测试考生的书面表达能力。

高考英语新课标(全国卷)考试大纲说明

高考英语新课标（全国卷）考试大纲说明考试性质：普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试.高等学校根据考生的成绩,按已确定的招生计划德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

考试内容要和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中课程方案（实验）》和《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，确定本学科考试内容。

考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1．听力听力是是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。

该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白。

考生应以：（1）理解主旨和要义任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。

有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。

（2）获取事实性的具体信息为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。

这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。

（3）对所听内容作出简单推断话语发生的场合、说话者之间的关系等对话含义的理解起着举足轻重的作用，对这些背景知识的推断能力在一定程度上可以体现一个人队口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。

（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或是提出或回答问题，阐述自己的想法，或者表明自己的态度或意见，对此的理解或推断在一般交往中非常重要。

有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的；有时，则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩、推断。

2．阅读理解阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。

该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

2020年新课标高考英语考试大纲

2020年新课标高考英语考试大纲英语最新应用考纲解读英语：取消单选新增语法填空题变化：今年英语高考大纲最重要的变化就是题型有重大调整，取消原来的15道单选题，新增10道语法填空题，分值不变总分仍为15分。

考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能使用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1—附录5)，要求词汇量为3500左右?。

二、语言使用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：(1)理解主旨和要义 (2)获取具体的、事实性信息(3)对所听内容作出推断 (4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能： (1)理解主旨和要义(2)理解文中具体信息 (3)根据上下文推断生词的词义(4)作出判断和推理(5)理解文章的基本结构 (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度3.写作要求考生根据题示实行书面表达。

考生应能：(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思(2)有效使用所学语言知识4.口语要求考生根据题示实行口头表达。

考生应能：(1)询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法(2)做到语音、语调自然(3)做到语言使用得体(4)使用有效的交际策略· (注：各省区能够根据本地实际情况在《考试说明》中对词汇量实行适当调整，但不得低于2000个单词;同时，应制订计划，在一定时间内分期、分批增加至3500个单词。

)附录1 语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26个字母的读音 (2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的使用6.朗读和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专用名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和级)7.副词(比较级和级)8.冠词9.动词 (1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词 (3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词7.时态 (1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在实行时(5)过去实行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来实行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时 (10)现在完成实行时8.被动语态9.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式 (2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed 形式10.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写11.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句12.句子成分 (1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语13.简单句的基本句型14.主谓一致15.并列复合句16.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句17.间接引语18.省略19.倒装20.强调21.虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications) (1)问候(Greetings) (2)介绍(Introduction) (3)告别(Farewells) (4)感谢(Thanks) (5)道歉(Apologies) (6)邀请(Invitation) (7)请求允许(Asking for permission) (8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations) (9)提供协助(Offering help) (10)接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal) (11)约会(Making appointments)(12)打电话(Making telephone calls) (13)就餐(Having meals) (14)就医(Seeing the doctor) (15)购物(Shopping) (16)问路(Asking the way) (17)谈论天气(Talking about weather) (18)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication) (19)提醒注意(Reminding) (20)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition) (21)劝告(Advice) (22)建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes) (1)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement) (2)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes) (3)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty) (4)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility) (5)能够和不能够(Ability and inability) (6)偏爱和优先选择(Preference) (7)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans) (8)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes) (9)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement) (10)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint) (11)冷淡(Indifference) (12)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions) (1)高兴(Happiness) (2)惊奇(Surprise) (3)忧虑(Worries) (4)安慰(Reassurance) (5)满意(Satisfaction) (6)遗憾(Regret) (7)同情(Sympathy) (8)恐惧(Fear) (9)愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time) (1)时刻(Point of time) (2)时段(Duration) (3)频度(Frequency) (4)时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space) (1)位置(Position) (2)方向(Direction) (3)距离(Distance)6.存有(Existence)(1)存有与不存有(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features) (1)形状(Shape) (2)颜色(Colour) (3)材料(Material) (4)价格(Price) (5)规格(Size) (6)年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement) (1)长度(Length) (2)宽度(Width) (3)高度(Height) (4)数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison) (1)同级比较(Equal comparison) (2)差别比较(Comparative and superlative) (3)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations) (1)原因和结果(Cause and effect) (2)目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations) (1)工作(Jobs) (2)单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1.个人情况(Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境(Personal environments)4.日常活动(Daily routines)5.学校生活(School life)6.兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations) 11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Food and drink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)15.文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17.语言学习(Language learning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and mondern technology)21.热点话题(Topical issues)22.历史与地理(History and geography)23.社会(Society)24.文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5 词汇表(略)。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲——英语

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲——英语Ⅰ．考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。

高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。

Ⅱ．考试内容和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，参照教育部2000年颁发的《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（试验修订版）》，并考虑中学教学实际，制订本学科考试内容。

一、语言知识要求考生能够适当运用基本的语法知识（见附录），掌握2000左右的词汇及相关词组（见《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（试验修订版）》）二、语言运用1．听力要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）获取事实性的具体信息；（3）对所听内容作出简单推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2．阅读要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；（4）作出简单判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3．写作要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）准确使用语法和词汇；（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。

Ⅲ．考试形式与试卷结构1．答卷方式：闭卷、笔试。

2．考试时间：120分钟。

试卷满分为150分。

3．题型：试卷一般包括多项选择题、完形填空题、听力填空题、短文改错和书面表达等题型。

4．试题难易比例：试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主。

Ⅳ．题型示例一、多项选择题（一）考查听力M：Well, I wonder why the office is still not open .W：But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight. 1．At what time does the office open ?A．7:45. B．8:15. C．8:00.M：It's Alice's birthday tomorrow.W：Are you sure ? I think it should be the day after tomorrow.M：Well, let me see. Oh, I'm sorry. You're right. It is the day after tomorrow. Shall we buy her a present?W：Yes, of course. Shall we give her some flowers?M：Flowers are lovely. But I think it's better to buy her a nice box ofchocolates.W：Alice doesn't like sweet things. Didn't you know that?M：You're right. Er…I know. We can give her a record. She loves music.W：That's a good idea. Let's go to the music shop and choose one for her. 2．When is Alice's birthday?A．The next day. B．The day after next. C．The day they had the talk.3．What will the man and the woman buy for Alice ?A．A record. B．Some flowers. C．A box of chocolates.（二）考查语法和词汇知识1．Paul doesn't have to be made_______.He always works hard.A．study B．to study C．studied D．studying 2．I first met Lisa three years ago when we ______ at a radio station together.A．have worked B．had been working C．were working D．had worked 3．She thought I was talking about her daughter,_________,in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A．whom B．where C．which D．while 4．—When shall we meet again?—Make it ________ day you like; it's all the same to me.A．one B．any C．another D．some （三）考查阅读理解We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift here eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched, mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop(拖把). She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, "Very dirty floors.""Yes. I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them," the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, "But aren't you working late?"Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum nodded politely to the nurse and said, "Thank you."Outside, Mum told me, "Dagmar is fine. No fever.""You saw her, Mum?""Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It's a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush."1．When she took a mop from the small room, what Mum really wanted to do was______.A．to clean the floor B．to please the nurseC．to see a patient D．to surprise the story-teller 2．When the nurse talked to Mum, she thought Mum was a_______.A．nurse B．visitor C．patient D．cleaner 3．After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A．It is a children's hospital. B．It has strict rules about visiting hours.C．The nurses and doctors there don't work hard. D．A lot of patients come to this hospital every day.4．Why did Mum go to see Dagmar in the hospital?A．To give her some messages about Dad. B．To make sure her room was clean.C．To check that she was still there. D．To find out how she was. 5．Which of the following words best describes Mum?A．polite B．patient C．changeable D．clever二、完形填空题Washoe is a young chimpanzee（黑猩猩）. She is no（1）chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing research（2）her. They want to see how civilized （驯化） she can（3）. Already she can do many things a human being does.For example, she has been learning how to exchange（4）with people. The scientists are teaching her（5）language. When she wants to be picked（6）, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger（7）she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.Washoe has also been（8）to find answers to problems. Once she was put in a（9）with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to（10）. After she considered the（11）, she got a tall box to（12）. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a（13）pole. Then she climbed onto the （14）, grasped（抓取）the pole, and（15）down the food with the pole.Washoe（16）like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard（17）in the lab, she goes home.（18）she plays with her toys. She（19）enjoys watching television before going to bed.Scientists hope to（20）more about people by studying our closest relative-the chimpanzee.1．A．foolish B．simple C．special D．ordinary2．A．for B．on C．to D．by3．A．experience B．change C．develop D．become4．A．actions B．views C．messages D．feelings5．A．human B．sign C．spoken D．foreign 6．A．out B．at C．on D．up7．A．when B．until C．since D．while8．A．trained B．raised C．ordered D．led9．A．hole B．zoo C．room D．museum10．A．pull B．see C．eat D．reach11．A．problem B．position C．food D．ceiling12．A．stand by B．stand on C．stand up D．stand with13．A．straight B．strong C．long D．heavy14．A．wall B．box C．ceiling D．pole15．A．knocked B．picked C．took D．pulled16．A．lives B．works C．thinks D．plays17．A．task B．lesson C．time D．day18．A．But B．There C．So D．Besides19．A．quite B．already C．even D．still20．A．see B．answer C．learn D．gain三、听力填空题Man:…and lastly this week I have some information about a course at the Country College near Burnside, which might be of interest to someone wanting a late-season break, or to groups. They tell me they have spaces on their Country Sports courses the weekend after next. There are three courses that you might like to join: fishing, hill-walking, and rock-climbing. So, quite a lot of variety there. The fishing is open to anyone over the age of 12, and so is the hill-walking. For the rock-climbing you must be sixteen or older, for safety reasons. All these courses are really enjoyable.BURNSIDE COUNTRY COLLEGECountry Sports WeekendsCOURSE AGEFishing 12+1.____________2.____________Rock-climbing 16+四、短文改错题Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit 1. _______ to a American family. They live in a small 2. _______ town. It was very kind for them to meet me 3. _______ at the railway station and drove me to their home. 4. _______ The Smiths did his best to make me feel 5. _______ at home. They offered me coffee and other 6. _______ drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing 7. _______ together. They were eager know everything about 8. _______ China and asked me lots of question. In fact, 9. _______ they are planning to visit China in next year. 10. _______五、书面表达题假定你是李华。

(完整)高考英语新课标(全国卷)考试大纲说明

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

二、语言运用1．听力听力是是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。

该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白。

考生应以：（1）理解主旨和要义任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。

有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。

（2）获取事实性的具体信息为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。

这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。

有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的；有时，则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩、推断。

2．阅读理解阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。

该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

英语高考全国统一大纲解读

英语高考全国统一大纲解读英语I.考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。

高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

Ⅱ.考试内容和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中课程方案(实验)》和《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》，确定本学科考试内容。

考核目标与要求—、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5)，要求词汇量为3 500左右。

二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：(1) 理解主旨要义(2) 获取具体的、事实性信息(3) 对所听内容做出推断(4) 理解说话者的意图、观点和态度2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：(1) 理解主旨要义(2) 理解文中具体信息(3) 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义(1) 做出判断和推理(2) 理解文章的基本结构(3) 理解作者的`意图、观点和态度3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：(1) 清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思(2) 有效运用所学语言知识4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：(1) 询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法(2) 做到语音、语调自然(3) 做到语言运用得体(4) 使用有效的交际策略考纲解读根据对比，最新的2016年高考考试大纲中，有关英语科目的考试要求、考试形式以及试卷结构与2015年考纲内容基本一致，而较之2014年，则有三方面的变化：首先，阅读理解题从要求考生“根据上下文推断生词的词义”变更为“根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义”，这一变化体现了高考中对考查考生理解推断能力的扩展和加强;其次，语法填空题要求填写所需内容的词数要求，由“不多于3个单词”变化为“1个单词”，这意味着考生需更加准确地把握语境内容以及选用恰当的词汇进行作答;最后，词汇量由2500~3500变化为3000~3500，这一变化要求考生需尽量多的掌握考纲要求词汇。

2023年高考英语大纲

关于2023年高考英语大纲，可以总结为以下几点：
1. 考试性质与目的：高考是普通高等学校招生考试，其目的是科学、有效地考查考生的语言能力和综合素养，为大学选拔新生提供依据。

此外，大纲还强调了高考英语测试应具有高度的信度、效度，并充分体现其选拔性和稳定性。

2. 考试内容与形式：在考试内容方面，大纲强调了对语言基础知识的考查，包括语法、词汇、结构、功能等。

同时，也注重对阅读、写作等语言运用能力的考查。

在考试形式上，包括听力、阅读、写作、翻译和口语等部分，全面考查考生的英语综合能力。

3. 考试要求与评分标准：大纲对各部分试题的考试要求和评分标准做出了明确规定。

例如，听力部分要求考生能听懂所给的简单和适中难度的谈话、独白、故事等，理解主旨要义和获取具体的、事实信息。

阅读部分则要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章，并能理解其主旨和大意。

4. 改革与发展：近年来，高考英语考试一直在进行改革，以适应时代的需求。

在未来的高考中，更加注重对学生实际应用能力和综合素质的考查，尤其是对听力和口语能力的考查。

同时，高考英语考试的形式和内容也将更加多元化和开放化。

总的来说，2023年高考英语大纲强调了对学生语言能力和综合素养的全面考查，注重试题的信度、效度和稳定性，并积极适应时代的发展需求。

对于考生来说，了解并遵循大纲的要求，注重平时的积累和练习，将是取得好成绩的关键。

至于500-800字的详细阐述，则需要根据大纲的具体内容、形式、改革等方面的具体细节进行展开分析，这需要一定的时间和精力，超出本次回答的范围了。

全国甲卷英语考纲

全国甲卷英语考试是中国高考的一部分，主要测试考生的英语语言能力和应用能力。

1. 听力理解：这部分主要测试考生的英语听力理解能力，包括对英语口语的理解、对英语新闻和报告的理解等。

题型主要包括选择题、填空题和判断题。

听力理解部分旨在考察学生对英语口语的理解能力，包括对日常对话、新闻报道、讲座等各类英语口语的理解。

2. 阅读理解：这部分主要测试考生的英语阅读理解能力，包括对英语文章的理解和分析能力。

题型主要包括选择题、填空题和判断题。

阅读理解部分旨在考察学生对各类英语文章的理解能力，包括新闻报道、科普文章、故事、议论文等。

3. 完形填空：这部分主要测试考生的英语词汇知识和语法知识，以及运用这些知识进行语境推断的能力。

题型主要是完形填空题。

完形填空部分旨在考察学生的词汇知识和语法知识，以及运用这些知识进行语境推断的能力。

4. 短文改错：这部分主要测试考生的英语语法知识和运用这些知识进行错误识别和纠正的能力。

题型主要是短文改错题。

短文改错部分旨在考察学生的语法知识和运用这些知识进行错误识别和纠正的能力。

5. 书面表达：这部分主要测试考生的英语写作能力，包括对英语文章的组织、表达和逻辑推理能力。

题型主要是作文题。

书面表达部分旨在考察学生的英语写作能力，包括对英语文章的组织、表达和逻辑推理能力。

6. 口语交际：这部分主要测试考生的英语口语交际能力，包括对英语口语的理解、表达和交流能力。

题型主要是对话和情景反应题。

口语交际部分旨在考察学生的英语口语交际能力，包括对英语口语的理解、表达和交流能力。

高考英语听力考试大纲全解

高考英语听力考试大纲全解高考英语听力在整个英语考试中占据着重要的地位，它不仅考查学生的英语听力能力，也是对学生综合语言运用能力的检验。

为了帮助广大考生更好地应对高考英语听力考试，本文将对高考英语听力考试大纲进行全面解析。

一、考试形式与要求高考英语听力考试通常采用录音播放的形式，考生需要在规定时间内听取录音并完成相关的题目。

考试要求考生能够听懂日常生活中的英语对话、独白，理解主旨要义、获取关键信息、做出简单推理和判断。

在考试过程中，考生需要集中注意力，快速捕捉关键信息，并能够在短时间内对听到的内容进行理解和处理。

同时，考生还需要具备一定的心理素质，在紧张的考试环境中保持冷静，发挥出自己的最佳水平。

二、考试内容1、日常生活话题高考英语听力的内容往往涉及日常生活的各个方面，如学校生活、家庭生活、社交活动、旅游出行等。

这些话题贴近学生的实际生活，有助于考生更好地理解和把握。

例如，可能会有关于学校课程安排、社团活动的讨论；家庭聚会中的交流；朋友之间关于旅游计划的商议等。

通过这些话题，考查考生对日常生活场景中英语语言的理解和运用能力。

2、文化与社会知识听力材料也可能包含一些与文化、社会相关的内容，如传统节日、风俗习惯、社会现象等。

这要求考生具备一定的文化背景知识，能够理解不同文化背景下的语言表达和思维方式。

比如，可能会提到某个国家的独特节日庆祝方式，或者对某种社会现象的看法和评论。

考生需要通过平时的积累和学习，拓宽自己的文化视野，以便更好地应对这类题目。

3、人物关系与情感态度在听力材料中，人物之间的关系以及他们的情感态度也是常见的考点。

考生需要通过对话中的语气、用词等细节，判断人物之间的关系，如师生关系、朋友关系、亲子关系等，同时也要理解人物的情感态度，是高兴、悲伤、愤怒还是无奈等。

4、数字与时间数字和时间的理解与计算也是高考英语听力中的重要内容。

考生可能会听到关于价格、电话号码、日期、时间等方面的信息，需要准确地记录和计算。

高中英语考纲解读

试题难易比例：试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题,以中等题为主。
抓基础,确保容易题的得分率。
复习重“四基” 高考试题中有容易题、中等难度题与难题,但以中等难度题为主。容易题与中等难度题要占到 80%左右,这些题都是基础题,真正的难题只占到 20%。高考前的复习重在复习基础与查漏补缺, 解决难题的能力不是一时能提高的和下降的,这是一个能力积淀的过程,高考能不能考出理想成绩,关键是基础题做得怎么样。因此,高考前的复习,反对好高骛远,提倡脚踏实地。基础知识、基本技能、基本常识、答题技巧,是复习中要特别注意的问题,考前复习一定要回归基础、回归书本、回归基本题。
整体平稳局部微调
整体平稳的根本原因在于,考试大纲背后还有一个教学大纲。为了稳定高中教学作为指挥棒的高考不宜频繁变动。
局部微调是因为高考命题也应体现与时俱进的精神。为了更好的完成选拔人才的重要职能,所以需要在稳定的前提下不断发展不断创新。
在说明中间
把 “高考应有较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度”改为 “高考应有较高的信度、效度、适当的难度和必要的区分作用”。
5. 平时不能忽视老师对作文的批改和讲评。好的要坚持,错的要改正并记住,以后不再犯同样的错误。对别人写的好的文章也要学习、欣赏。
其实高考当中非常重要的就是第一句,第一句写好了很重要。老外写文章和我们中国人写文章不太一样,干脆上来就点题,比如人家让你介绍一下自己,你首先就介绍我是哪年出生的,不要拐弯抹角的又是引这个,又是引那个的。我觉得最重要的是开门见山, 当然英语写作文的时候肯定不是一个小问题,我怎么能够入题。高考写作文有四个比较重要的要求,第一个是您的内容要点得全, 所以在考试写作文的时候要把人家主要让你写什么东西搞清楚了,第二个交际对象得明确,大家知道我们语言交际当中非常重要的就是碰什么人说什么话。第三个要求你语言上表达准确,表达最好是地道点。第四个要求不但是语言上要准确,而且要求最好是地道的表达,顺畅的连接和新颖的词汇。写作文经常练练写写可以,但是背诵有很重要。高考之前背上一些连接的词语,谁背的多谁就写得棒。如果你背上一些专门开头写上的句子,在高考的时候就不会很愁了。

解读05 写作-高考英语考试大纲解读 Word版含解析

写作《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关写作的要求：要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

【解读】写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。

该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。

考生应能：2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。

新课标卷主要分两节，第一节为短文改错，第二节书面表达。

常用词语和句子准时on time/punctually餐桌礼仪table manners合适的、恰当的appropriate拜访pay a visit toYou are supposed/expected/required to do…It’s a good idea to…It’s appropriate/suitable to do …It’s sensible/reasonable/advisable to do …It’s good manners to do …It’s noteworthy that…I think it would be more helpful if you could do…It would be wise of you to…It’s desirable to do …It’s inappropriate to do …It’s impolite to do…It’s unwise/inadvisable to do …Never （助动词/系动词/情态动词）主语+谓语动词…It’s not suitable for you to do…in such a situation.【备考启示】【样题2】（新课标全国卷II）你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片Growing Together，内容包括：(1)短片内容：学校的发展；(2)放映时间、地点；(3)欢迎对短片提出意见。

2020年高考英语考试大纲解读专题01 考核目标与要求

考核目标与要求解读一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为 3500 左右。

语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形状 (Shape)(53) 颜色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)词汇表（附后）二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

高考英语知识点考纲

高考英语知识点考纲高考英语是我国普通高等学校招生考试科目之一，对于考生来说，掌握并熟练运用英语知识点考纲是非常重要的。

在本文中，我将对高考英语的知识点考纲进行详细解析，以帮助考生更好地备考和应对考试。

一、听力理解高考英语听力理解部分是测试考生对口语和语音的理解能力。

在此部分，考生需要通过听录音回答问题、选择正确答案或完成填空等形式来检验他们对于英语听力的掌握情况。

此外，高考英语听力部分还包括听短文回答问题和听对话选择的题型。

二、阅读理解阅读理解是高考英语考试的重点部分，也是对考生英语综合能力的全面考核。

在阅读理解题中，主要包括阅读短文后回答问题、判断正误、选择正确选项和填写表格等题型。

考生需要能够迅速准确地获取文章信息，理解文章大意和细节，并根据问题选择正确答案。

三、完型填空高考英语完型填空考察考生的词汇量、语法掌握能力和语言表达能力。

此部分主要是考生根据上下文的意义和逻辑关系，在文章中选择合适的词语或短语来填空，以达到完整、连贯、通顺的文章表达。

四、语法填空语法填空是对考生英语语法知识掌握情况的考察。

在语法填空题型中，考生需要根据文章的意境和前后句的逻辑关系，选择合适的单词或短语来填充空白，以使文章语法正确、语意连贯。

五、书面表达书面表达是考查考生英语写作能力的一部分。

在此部分，考生需要通过书面表达的形式，如写作短文、信件或报告等，展现他们的语言表达能力和思维逻辑。

同时，书面表达还要求考生能够合理运用所学的英语知识，正确使用语法结构、词汇和连贯的语言表达。

六、词汇与语法词汇与语法是高考英语考试中最基础的部分，也是考生成功备考的基础。

词汇与语法的考纲包括词汇量、词组及固定搭配、各类短语和句型、各类语法现象和语法结构等。

考生需要掌握和熟练运用这些基础知识，以建立牢固的英语语言能力基础。

总结起来，高考英语知识点考纲涵盖了听力理解、阅读理解、完型填空、语法填空、书面表达和词汇与语法等内容。

考生需要全面掌握这些知识点，并进行系统化的学习和练习，以便在考试中取得更好的成绩。

高考英语考试大纲.doc

英语查核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为3500 左右。

二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟习话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解要旨要义；（2）获得详细的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推测；（4）理讲解话者的企图、看法和态度。

2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中对于一般性话题的简洁文段以及通告、说明、广告等，并能从中获得有关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解要旨要义；（2）理解文中详细信息；（3）依据上下文推测单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本构造；（6）理解作者的企图、看法和态度。

3．写作要求考生依据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连接地传达信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

4．口语要求考生依据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：（1）咨询或传达事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的社交策略。

附录 1语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常有的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失掉爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停留(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语沟通中的运用6.朗读和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不行数名词(3)专闻名词(4)名词全部格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词 (比较级和最高等 )7.副词 (比较级和最高等 )8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)神态动词10.时态(1)一般此刻时(2)一般过去时(3)一般未来时(4)此刻进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去未来时(7)未来进行时(8)此刻达成时(9)过去达成时(10)此刻达成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的 -ing 形式(3)动词的 -ed 形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转变法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈说句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)叹息句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.重申24.虚构语气附录 3功能意念项目表1.社会交往 (Social Communications)(1)问候 (Greetings)(2)介绍 (Introduction)(3)辞别 (Farewells )(4)感谢 (Thanks )(5)致歉 (Apologies)(6)邀请 (Invitation)(7)恳求赞同 (Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)供给帮助 (Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会 (Making appointments)(12)打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13)就餐 (Having meals)(14)就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15)购物 (Shopping)(16)问路 (Asking the way)(17)讨论天气 (Talking about weather)(18)语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19)提示注意 (Reminding)(20)警示和严禁 (Warning and prohibition)(21)劝说 (Advice)(22)建议 (Suggestions)2.态度 (Attitudes)(23)赞同和不一样意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜爱和不喜爱 (Likes and dislikes)(25)一定和不一定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不行能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27)可以和不行以 (Ability and inability)(28)独爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29)意向和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30)希望和梦想 (Hopes and wishes)(31)夸奖和鼓舞 (Praise and encouragement)(32)责怪和诉苦 (Blame and complaint)(33)冷漠 (Indifference)(34)判断与评论 (Judgement and evaluation) 3. 感情(Emotions)(35)快乐 (Happiness)(36)诧异 (Surprise)(37)忧愁 (Worries)(38)宽慰 (Reassurance)(39)满意 (Satisfaction)(40)遗憾 (Regret)(41)怜悯 (Sympathy)(42)惧怕 (Fear)(43)愤慨 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44)时辰 (Point of time)(45)时段 (Duration)(46)频度 (Frequency)(47)时序 (Sequence) 5. 空间(Space)(48)地点 (Position)(49)方向 (Direction)(50)距离 (Distance) 6. 存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特点(Features)(52)形状 (Shape)(53)颜色 (Colour)(54)资料 (Material)(55)价钱 (Price)(56)规格 (Size)(57)年纪 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58)长度 (Length)(59)宽度 (Width)(60)高度 (Height)(61)数目 (Number) 9. 比较(Comparison)(62)同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63)差异比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64)相像和差异 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65)原由和结果 (Cause and effect)(66)目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67)工作 (Jobs)(68)单位 (Employer)附录 4话题项目表1.个人状况 (Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与四周的人 (Family, friends and people around)3.四周的环境 (Personal environments)4.平时活动 (Daily routines)5.学校生活 (School life)6.兴趣与喜好 (Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情 (Emotions)8.人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与梦想 (Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物 (Shopping)12.饮食 (Food and drink)13.健康 (Health)14.天气 (Weather)15.娱乐与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16.旅行和交通 (Travel and transport)17.语言学习 (Language learning)18.自然 (Nature)19.世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and moderntechnology)21.热门话题 (Topical issues)22.历史与地理 (History and geography)23.社会 (Society)24.文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录5词汇表A accommodation n a(an)art accompany v abandon v accomplish v ability n account n able a accountant n abnormal a accumulate v aboard prep accuracy n abolish v accurate a abortion n accuse v about ad & prep accustomed a above prep,a & ad ache v & n abroad ad achieve v abrupt a achievement n absence n acid aabsent a acknowledge v absolute a acquaintance n absorb v acquire v abstract a & n acquisition n absurd a acre n abundant a across prep abuse v act n & v academic a & n action n academy n active a accelerate v activity n accent n actor n accept v actress n access n & v actual a accessible a acute a accident n AD abbrad=advertisement n afford vadapt v afraid a adaptation n Africa nadd v African a & n addicted a after ad,prep & conj addition n afternoon n address n afterward(s)ad adequate a again adadjust v against prep adjustment n age n administration n agency n admirable a agenda nadmire v agent n admission n aggressive a admit v ago ad adolescence n agree v adolescent a & n agreement n adopt v agricultural a adore v agriculture n adult n ahead ad advance v & n aid n & v advantage n AIDS n adventure n aim n & v advertise v air n advertisement n aircraft nadvice n airline nadvise v airmail n advocate v airplane naffair n airport naffect v airspace n affection n alarm n & valbum n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a & n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition n alive a ambulance nall ad,a & pron America n allergic a among prep alley n amount n & v allocate v ample aallow v amuse v allowance n amusement n almost ad analyse valone a analysis n along ad & prep ancestor n alongside ad anchor v & n aloud ad ancient a alphabet n and conj already ad anecdote nalso ad anger n alternative a angle n although conj angry a altitude n animal n altogether ad ankle n aluminium anniversary n (Am aluminum)n announce v always ad annoy vam v(be)annual aa.m./am,A.M./AM abbr another a & pron amateur a answer n & v amaze v ant nAntarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron & a apron n anybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch nanyone pron architect n anything pron architecture n anyway ad Arctic a anywhere ad are v( be)apart ad & a area napartment n argue v apologize v argument n apology n arise(arose,arisen) v apparent a arithmetic n appeal v & n arm n & vappear v armchair n appearance n army nappendix n around ad & prep appetite n arrange v applaud v & n arrangement n apple n arrest v applicant n arrival n application n arrive vapply v arrow nappoint v art n appointment n article n appreciate v artificial a appreciation n artist napproach n & v as ad,conj & prepash n attend vashamed a attention nAsia n attitude nAsian a & n attract vaside ad attraction nask v attractive aasleep a audience naspect n aunt nassess v authentic aassessment n author nassist v authority nassistance n automatic aassistant n autonomous a associate v autumn nassociation n available aassume v avenue nassumption n average a & nastonish v avoid vastronaut n awake(awoke,awoken) v & a astronomer n award nastronomy n aware aat prep away adathlete n awesome aathletic a awful aAtlantic a awkward aatmosphere natom n Battach v baby nattack v & n bachelor nattain v back ad,a & nattempt v & n background nbackward(s) ad basin n baconnbasis nbacterium( pl bacteria) n basketnbad(worse,worst) a basketball nbadminton nbat n bag nbathnbaggage n bathe vbakerynbathroom nbalance n bathtub n balcony nbatterynball nbattle n ballet nbay nballoonnBCabbrbamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n & v were,being,been) vbanana n beach n band nbean nbandage n bean curd nbank n bear 1 n bar nbear2vbarbecue n beard n barber nbeast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & n bare abeautiful abargain n & v beauty n bark v & n becauseconjbarrier nbecome(became,become) v base nbed nbaseball n beddings n basement n bedroomnbasic abee nbeef n bike=bicycle n beer n bill nbefore prep,ad&conj bingo nbeg v biochemistry n begin(began,begun) v biography n behalf n biology nbehave v bird nbehaviour( Am behavior) n birth nbehind prep & ad birthday nbeing n birthplace nbelief n biscuit nbelieve v bishop nbell n bit nbelly n bite(bit,bitten)v belong v bitter abelow prep black a & nbelt n blackboard n bench n blame n & vbend(bent,bent) v blank n & a beneath prep blanket n beneficial a bleed vbenefit n & v bless vbent a & n blind abeside prep block n & v besides prep & ad blood nbetray v blouse n between prep blow(blew,blown)v beyond prep blue n & abicycle n board n & vbid v & n boat nbig a body nboil v brain nbomb n & v brake n & vbond n & v branch nbone n brand nbonus n brave abook n & v bravery nboom n & v bread nboot n break(broke,broken)v & n booth n breakfast nborder n breakthrough nbored a breast nboring a breath nborn a breathe vborrow v breathless aboss n brewery nbotanical a brick nbotany n bride nboth a & pron bridegroom nbother v bridge nbottle n brief abottom n bright abounce v brilliant abound a bring(brought,brought)v boundary n broad abow v & n broadcast(broadcast,bowl n broadcast 或 -ed,-ed)v bowling n brochure nbox n broken aboxing n broom nboy n brother nboycott v brown n & abrunch n C brushv & ncabnBuddhism ncabbage nbudget n cafe nbuffetncafeteria nbuild(built,built) v cage n building ncake nbunch ncalculatevbungalow n call n & v burden n calma & v bureaucratic a camelnburglarn camera n burn(burnt,burnt campn & v或 -ed,-ed) v & ncampaign nburst v can 1(could);bury vcan ’ t=cannotmodal v bus n can2n bush ncanal n businessncancelvbusinessman/womancancer n (pl businessmen/ women) n candidate nbusy acandle n butconj & prepcandy nbutcher n & v canteen nbutter ncapnbutterfly n capital n buttonn & vcapsule n buy(bought,bought) v captain n byprepcaption nbye intcarncarbon ncard n ceiling ncare n & v celebrate vcareful a celebration n careless a cell ncarpenter n cent ncarpet n centigrade a carriage n centimetrecarrier n(Am centimeter)n carrot n central acarry v centre(Am center)n cartoon n century ncarve v ceremony ncase n certain acash n & v certificate n cassette n chain ncast(cast,cast) v chair ncastle n chairman/woman casual a(pl chairmen/women) n cat n chalk ncatalogue n challenge n catastrophe n challenging acatch(caught,caught) v champion n category n chance ncater v change n & v Catholic a changeable acattle n channel ncause n & v chant v & ncaution n chaos ncautious a chapter ncave n character nCD=compact disk n characteristic a & ncharge v & n Christmas n chart n church nchat n & v cigar n cheap a cigarette n cheat n & v cinema n check n & v circle n & v cheek n circuit n cheer n & v circulate v cheerful a circumstance n cheers int circus n cheese n citizen nchef n city n chemical a & n civil a chemist n civilian n chemistry n civilization n cheque(Am check)n clap vchess n clarify v chest n class nchew v classic a chicken n classify v chief a & n classmate n child( pl children)n classroom n childhood n claw n chocolate n clay nchoice n clean v & a choir n cleaner n choke n & v clear a choose(chose,chosen) v clerk n chopsticks n clever a chorus n click v Christian n climate nclimb v come(came,come) v clinic n comedy nclock n comfort nclone v comfortable a close a & ad command n & v cloth n comment n clothes n commercial a clothing n commit vcloud n commitment n cloudy a committee nclub n common a clumsy a communicate v coach n communication n coal n communism n coast n communist n & a coat n companion n cocoa n company n coffee n compare vcoin n compass n coincidence n compensate v coke n compete vcold a & n competence n collar n competition n colleague n complete a & v collect v complex a & n collection n component n college n composition n collision n comprehension n colour( Am color) n & v compromise v comb n & v compulsory a combine v computer nconcentrate v constant a concept n constitution n concern v & n construct v concert n construction n conclude v consult v conclusion n consultant n concrete a consume v condemn v contain v condition n container n conduct v contemporary aconductor n content 1nconference n content 2aconfident a continent n confidential a continue v confirm v contradict v conflict n contradictory a confuse v contrary n & a congratulate v contribute v congratulation n contribution n connect v control v & n connection n controversial a conscience n convenience n consensus n convenient a consequence n conventional a conservation n conversation n conservative a convey v consider v convince v considerate a cook n & v consideration n cooker n consist v cookie n consistent a cool acopy n & v creature ncorn n credit ncorner n crew n corporation n crime ncorrect v & a criminal n correction n criterion( pl criteria) n correspond v crop ncorrupt a & v cross n & vcost n & v crossing ncosy(Am cozy) a crossroads n cottage n crowd n & v cotton n & a cruel acough n & v cry n & vcould modal v cube ncount v cubic acounter n cuisine ncountry n culture n countryside n cup ncouple n cupboard n courage n cure n & vcourse n curious acourt n currency n courtyard n curriculum n cousin n curtain ncover n & v cushion ncow n custom ncrash v & n customer n crayon n customs ncrazy a cut(cut,cut)v & n cream n cycle vcreate v cyclist ndeclare vD decline vdad=daddy n decorate vdaily a,ad & n decoration ndam n decrease vdamage n & v deed ndamp a & n deep a & addance n & v deer ndanger n defeat vdangerous a defence(Am defense) n dare v & modal v defend vdark a & n degree ndarkness n delay n & vdash v & n delete v & ndata n deliberately ad database n delicate adate n & v delicious a daughter n delight ndawn n delighted aday n deliver vdead a demand vdeadline n dentist ndeaf a department(Dept.) n deal n departure ndear a depend vdeath n deposit v & ndebate n & v depth ndebt n describe vdecade n description ndecide v desert v & n decision n deserve vdesign v & n dilemma n desire v & n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip vdestroy v diploma n detective n direct a & v determine v direction n develop v director n development n directory n devote v dirty a devotion n disability n diagram n disabled adial v disadvantage n dialogue( Am dialog) n disagree v diamond n disagreement n diary n disappear v dictation n disappoint v dictionary n disappointed a die v disaster ndiet n discount n differ v discourage v difference n discover v different a discovery n difficult a discrimination n difficulty n discuss vdig(dug,dug)v discussion n digest v disease n digital a disgusting a dignity n dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive v diverse a divide v division n divorce v dizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document n dog ndoll ndollar n donatev doorn dormitory(dorm)n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & vdownstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn)v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或 -ed,-ed)n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk)v drive(drove,driven)v driver n drop n & v drug n drum n drunk a dry v & a duck n due adull a dumpling n during prep dusk n dust n dustbin n dusty a duty nDVD=digital versatile disk n elect vdynamic a electric adynasty n electrical aelectricity nE electronic aeach a & pron elegant aeager a elephant neagle n else adear n e-mail n & vearly a & ad embarrass vearn v embassy nearth n emergency n earthquake n emperor neast a,ad & n employ vEaster n empty aeastern a encourage veasy a encouragement n eat(ate,eaten) v end n & vecology n ending nedge n endless aedition n enemy neditor n energetic a educate v energy n education n engine n educator n engineer neffect n enjoy veffort n enjoyable aegg n enlarge v eggplant n enough pron,a & ad either a,conj & ad enquiry nelder n enter venterprise n everything pron entertainment n everywhere ad enthusiastic a evidence nentire a evident a entrance n evolution nentry n exact aenvelope n exam=examination n environment n examine venvy v & n example nequal a & v excellent a equality n except prepequip v exchange n & v equipment n excite veraser n excuse n & verror n exercise n & v erupt v exhibition n escape n & v exist vespecially ad existence nessay n exit nEurope n expand v European a & n expect vevaluate v expectation n even ad expense n evening n expensive aevent n experience n eventually ad experiment never ad expert nevery a explain v everybody pron explanation n everyday a explicit a everyone pron explode vexplore vfantastic a export n & v fantasynexpose vfar(farther,farthestexpress v & n 或 further,furthest) a & adexpression n fare n extension nfarmn extra afarmer nextraordinary afasta & adextreme a fasten v eye nfat n & aeyesight nfather nfaultnFfavour( Am favor) nface n & v favourite( Am favorite) a & n facial a fax n & v fact nfearnfactory nfeast n fadevfeather n failv & nfederal afailure nfeenfair 1 a feed(fed,fed) v fair2n feel(felt,felt) vfaithnfeeling nfall 1(fell,fallen)vfellow nfall 2(Am)=autumn n female a & n false a fence n familiaraferrynfamily n festival n & afamous a fetch v fan nfever nfancy n,v & afewpron & afibre( Am fiber) n flat2nfiction n flee(fled,fled) vfieldnfleshnfierce aflexiblea fight(fought,fought) n & vflight n figure n & vfloat v file nflood n & v fill vfloor n film n & v flour n finalaflowv finance nflowernfind(found,found) vflu nfine 1 a fluency nfine2vfluent afinger nfly 1(flew,flown) vfingernail nfly2nfinish v & n focus v & nfiren & vfognfireworks nfoggy afirm 1 n fold v firm 2afolk n & afishn & vfollow v fisherman n fond a fist nfoodn fita & vfooln & vfix vfoolishaflagnfoot( pl feet) n flame n football nflash nforprep & conjflashlight nforbid(forbade,forbidden) v flat1aforcevforecast n & v frequent a forehead n fresh aforeign a friction n foreigner n fridge=refrigerator n foresee(foresaw,foreseen)v friend nforest n friendly a forever ad friendship n forget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v frighten v forgetful a frog nforgive(forgave,forgiven)v from prepfork n front a & nform n & v frontier nformat n frost nformer a fruit nfortnight n fry vfortunate a fuel nfortune n full aforward ad fun n & afoster v function n & v found v fundamental a fountain n funeral nfox n funny afragile a fur nfragrant a furnished a framework n furniture nfranc n future nfree afreedom n Gfreeway n gain vfreeze(froze,frozen) v gallery n freezing a gallon ngame n glue ngarage n go(went,gone)v garbage n goal ngarden n goat ngarlic n god ngarment n gold n & agas n golden agate n golf ngather v good(better,best)agay a goods ngeneral a & n goose(pl geese)n generation n govern vgenerous a government ngentle a grade ngentleman n gradual ageography n graduate vgeometry n graduation ngesture n grain nget(got,got)v gram ngift n grammar ngifted a grand agiraffe n grandchild ngirl n granddaughter ngive(gave,given) v grandma=grandmother n glad a grandpa=grandfather n glance v grandparents nglare v grandson nglass n granny nglobe n grape nglory n graph nglove n grasp vgrass n hair ngrateful a haircut ngravity n half a & ngreat a & ad hall ngreedy a ham ngreen a & n hamburger ngreengrocer n hammer ngreet v hand n & vgreeting n handbag ngrey(Am gray) a handful ngrill n handkerchief ngrocer n handle n & vgrocery n handsome aground n handwriting ngroup n handy agrow(grew,grown)v hang(hung,hung 或 -ed,-ed) v growth n happen vguarantee v happiness nguard n happy aguess v harbour( Am harbor) nguest n hard ad & aguidance n hardly adguide n hardship nguilty a hardworking aguitar n harm n & vgun n harmful agym=gymnasium n harmony ngymnastics n harvest n & vhat nH hatch vhabit n hate v & nhave(has,had,had)v hide(hid,hidden)vhe pron high a & adhead n & v highway nheadache n hill nheadline n him pronheadmaster n himself pron headmistress n hire vhealth n his pronhealthy a history nhear(heard,heard)v hit(hit,hit)v & n hearing n hobby nheart n hold(held,held) vheat n hole nheaven n holiday nheavy a holy aheel n home n & adheight n homeland nhelicopter n hometown nhello int homework nhelmet n honest ahelp n & v honey nhelpful a honour( Am honor)n & v hen n hook n & vher pron hope n & vherb n hopeful ahere ad hopeless ahero n horrible ahers pron horse nherself pron hospital nhesitate v host n & vhi int hostess nhot a identity n hotdog n identification n hotel n idiom nhour n if conjhouse n ignore v housewife n ill a housework n illegal ahow ad illness n however ad & conj imagine v howl v immediately ad hug v immigration n huge a import v & n human a & n importance n human being n important a humorous a impossible a humour( Am humor) n impress v hunger n impression n hungry a improve v hunt v in prep & ad hunter n inch n hurricane n incident n hurry v include vhurt(hurt,hurt)v income n husband n increase v & n hydrogen n indeed aindependence n I independent a I pron indicate vice n industry nice-cream n influence n & v idea n inform vinformation n interval ninitial a interview n & vinjure v into prepinjury n introduce vink n introduction ninn n invent vinnocent a invention ninsect n invitation ninsert v invite vinside prep & ad iron n & vinsist v irrigation ninspect v is v(be)inspire v island ninstant a it proninstead ad its proninstitute n itself proninstitution ninstruct v Jinstruction n jacket ninstrument n jam ninsurance n jar ninsure v jaw nintelligence n jazz nintend v jeans nintention n jeep ninterest n jet ninteresting a jewellery( Am jewelry) n international a job nInternet n jog vinterpreter n join vinterrupt v joke njournalist n kiss n & vjourney n kitchen njoy n kite njudge n & v knee njudgement knife( pl knives)n (Am judgment)n knock n & vjuice n know(knew,known) v jump n & v knowledge njungle njunior a Ljust a & ad lab=laboratory n justice n labour( Am labor)nlack n & vK lady nkangaroo n lake nkeep(kept,kept)v lamb nkettle n lame akey n lamp nkeyboard n land n & vkick v & n language nkid n lantern nkill v lap nkilo n large akilogram n last a & v kilometre( Am kilometer) n late a & adkind 1n latter nkind 2a laugh n & vkindergarten n laughter n kindness n laundry n king n law n kingdom n lawyer nlay(laid,laid)v lazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves)n league nleak vlearn(learnt,lear nt或 -ed,-ed)v least nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade nlend(lent,lent) v length nlesson nlet(let,let) vletter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian nlibrary nlicense nlid nlie 1n & vlie2(lay,lain)vlife( pl lives)nlift v & nlight n,v & alightning nlike v & preplikely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten vliterature nliterary alitre( Am liter)nlitter vlittle(less,least)alive v & alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & vlonely along a & adlook n & vloose alorry nlose(lost,lost) v manage v loss n manager n lot nmankind n loudamannernlounge nmany(more,most) pron & alove n & v map nlovely a maplenlow a & ad marathon nluck nmarble nluckya march n & v luggage n mark n & v lunch n market nlungnmarriage nmarry v Mmaskn & vmachine n mass n madamaster v & nmadam/madame n matnmagazine n match v & n magic a materialnmaid nmathematics mailn & v=math/maths n mailbox nmatter n & v mainamatureamainland nmaximum a & n major amay modal v majority nmaybeadmake1nme pron make 2(made,made) v mealnmalea & nmean(meant,meant) vman(pl men)nmeaningnmeans n microwave n meanwhile ad middle n measure v midnight n meat n might modal v medal n mild amedia n mile n medical a milk n & v medicine n millimetre medium n(Am millimeter) n meet(met,met)v & n millionaire n meeting n mind n & vmelon n mine 1n & vmember n mine 2pronmemorial n & a mineral n memory n minibus n mend v minimum a mental a minister n mention n & v ministry n menu n minority n merchant a & n minus prep & a merciful a minute n mercy n mirror nmerely ad miss 1nmerry a miss 2vmess n missile nmessage n mist nmessy a mistakemetal n & a(mistook,mistaken) v & n method n mistaken ametre(Am meter)n misunderstandmicroscope n(misunderstood,misunderstood) v。

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