雅思学术词汇9

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雅思高频词汇表(汇总)

The Academic Word List (AWL)英语学术词汇表1. What is the AWLAWL ( 《英语学术词汇表》) 是一个由 Victoria University of Wellington, NewZealand的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表，它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose) 中最常用的570 个词目 (headwords) ，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。

例如：词目“ analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇：analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis,analyst,analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed,analyzes, analyzing。

其中斜体字， analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。

2. What are the 10 sublists of the AWLAWL 分十个 sublists (小组 )。

除了第十小组包含30 个词目外，其他小组均含有90 个词目。

Sublist 1（第一组）包含的词汇最常用， sublist 2（第二组）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublists依次类推。

AWL中的每一个词目后都有一个数字，它代表了该词目是属于AWL 中的哪一组。

例如abandon 8 就表示 abandon 是属于第八小组的词目。

3. Where to find the AWL本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL词目。

登陆网页能看到 570 个词目（ headwords）。

如果你想得到每一个词目下面所包含的相关单词，请登陆该网页能下载所有的单词。

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST (E - O)abandon v. go away from (a person or thing or place) not intending to return; forsake; desertabstract adj.existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existenceacademy n. school for special trainingaccess n. ~ means of approaching or entering (a place); way in accommodate v. provide lodging or room foraccompany v. walk or travel with (sb) as a companion or helper; escortaccumulate v. gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of get (sth) in this wayaccurate adj.free from errorachieve v. gain or reach (sth), usu by effort, skill, courage, etc acknowledge v. accept the truth of admit (sth)acquire v. gain (sth) by one's own ability, efforts or behaviouradapt v. ~ sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth adequate adj. ~ satisfactory in quantity or quality; sufficientadjacent having a common endpoint or border also immediately preceding or following adjust v. put (sth) into the correct order or position; arrangeadministrate v. to administeradult adj.grown to full size or strengthadvocate v. speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; supportaffect v. have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect onaggregate v. ~ sb (fml ) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount aid n.helpalbeit conj althoughallocate v. ~ sth allot or assign sth (to sb/sth) for a special purposealter v. become different; change in character, position, size, shape, etc alternative adj.available in place of sth else; otherambiguous adj.having more than one possible meaningamend v. correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightly analogy n. ~ partial similarity between two things that are comparedanalyse v. separate into its parts in order to study its nature or structureannual adj.happening every yearanticipate v. expectapparent adj.clearly seen or understood; obviousappend v. ~ sth (fml ) attach or add sth (esp in writing)appreciate v. understand and enjoy (sth); value highlyapproach v. come near or nearer to in space or timeappropriate adj. ~ suitable; right and properapproximate adj. almost correct or exact but not completely soarbitrary adj.based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reasonarea n. extent or measurement of a surfaceaspect n. particular part or feature of sth being consideredassemble e together; collectassess v. ~ sth decide or fix the amount of sthassign v. ~ sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used assist v. ~ in/with sth; ~ (sb) in doing sth (fml ) helpassume v. accept as true before there is proofassure v. tell (sb) positively or confidentlyattach v. ~ sth fasten or join sth (to sth)attain v. succeed in getting (sth); achieveattitude n. ~ way of thinking or behavingattribute v. ~ sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sthauthor n. writer of a book, play, etcauthority n. power to give orders and make others obeyautomate v. cause to operate by automationavailable adj.that can be used or obtainedaware adj.~ of sb/sth; ~ that... having knowledge or realization of sb/sthbehalf n. on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf; US in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf as the representative of or spokesmanfor sb; in the interestof sbbenefit n. profit; gain; future good (used esp with the vs and preps shown)bias n. opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group orseries;predisposition;prejudicebond n. written agreement or promise that has legal force; covenant brief sting only a short time; shortbulk n. size, quantity or volume, esp when greatcapable adj.having ability; able; competentcapacity n. ability to hold or contain sthcategory n. class or group of things in a complete system of grouping cease v. come or bring (sth) to an end; stopchallenge n. ~ (to do sth) invitation or call (to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better,stronger, more able,etcchannel n.sunken bed of a river, stream or canalchapter n. (usu numbered) division of a bookchart n. detailed map used to help navigation at sea, showing coasts, rocks, the depth of the sea, etcchemical adj.of or relating to chemistrycircumstance n. condition or fact connected with an event or action cite quote; commendcivil adj.of or relating to the citizens of a countryclarify v. (cause sth to) become clear or easier to understandclassic adj.having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned; of lasting value and importanceclause n.group of words that includes a subject1(4a) and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentencecode n.(system of) words, letters, symbols, etc that represent others, used for secret messages or forpresenting or recording information brieflycoherent adj. connected logically or consistent; easy to understand; clearcoincide v. ~ (of events) occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth else collapse v. fall down or in suddenlycolleague n. person with whom one works, esp in a profession or businesscommence v. begin (sth); startcomment n.~ written or spoken remark giving an opinion on, explaining or criticizing (an event, a person, asituation, etc)commission n. ~ action, task or piece of work given to sb to docommit v. do (sth illegal, wrong or foolish)commodity n. thing bought in a shop and put to use, esp in the homecommunicate v. ~ sth make sth known; convey sthcommunity n. the community the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole compatible adj. ~ (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist togethercompensate v. ~ for sth give (sb) sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, injury,etc;compile v.~ sth (for/from sth) collect (information) and arrange it in a book, list, report, etc complement n. ~ thing that goes well or suitably with sth else, or makes it completecomplex adj. made up of (usu several) closely connected partscomponent n. any of the parts of which sth is madecompound n. thing made up of two or more separate things combined together comprehensive adj. that includes everythingcomprise v. have as parts or members; be made up ofcompute v. ~ sth calculate sth with a computerconceive v.become pregnantconcentrate v.~ (sth) (on sth/doing sth) focus (one's attention, effort, etc) exclusively and intensely on sth, notthinking about other less important thingsconcept n. ~ idea underlying sth; general notionconclude v. ~ (with sth) (usu fml ) come or bring (sth) to an end concurrent adj. ~ existing, happening or done at the same time conduct n.person's behaviourconfer v. ~ (with sb) (on/about sth) have discussions (esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice)confine v. ~ sb/sth keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted spaceconfirm v. provide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, etc); establish the truth ofconflict n.struggle; fightconform v.~ keep to or comply with (generally accepted rules, standards, etc)consent v. ~ give agreement or permissionconsequent adj. ~ (fml ) following sth as a result or an effect considerable adj. great in amount or sizeconsist v. (phr v) consist of sth be composed or made up of sthconstant adj.going on all the time; happening again and againconstitute v. (fml ) make up or form (a whole); be the components ofconstrain v. make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by forceconstruct v. build (sth); put or fit together; formconsult v. ~ sb/sth go to (a person, book, etc) for information, advice, etc consume e (sth) upcontact n. ~ state of touching (used esp with the vs shown)contemporary adj.~ of the time or period being referred to; belonging to the same timecontext writings preceding and following passage quotedcontract n. ~ (for sth/to do sth) legally binding agreement, usu in writingcontradict v. say sth that conflicts with by (sb), suggesting that the person is mistaken or not telling the truthcontrary adj. opposite in nature, tendency or directioncontrast v. ~ A and/with B compare so that differences are made clearcontribute v. ~ (to/towards sth) give one's share of (money, help, advice, etc) to help a joint causecontroversy n. ~ public discussion or argument, often rather angry, about sth which many people disagreewithconvene v. summon to come together; arrange (a meeting, etc)converse v. ~ (about sth); ~ (together) (fml ) talkconvert v. ~ (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to another convince v. ~ sb make sb feel certain; cause sb to realizecooperate to work or act togethercoordinate vt. to organize or integrate (diverse elements) in a harmonious operationcore n. centre of such fruits as the apple and pear, containing the seedscorporate adj.of or shared by all the members of a group; collectivecorrespond v. ~ be in agreement; not contradict sth or each othercouple n. two people or things that are seen together or associated, esp a man and woman togethercreate v. cause to exist; make (sth new or original)credit n.permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received; system ofpaying in thiswaycriteria n. (pl of criterion) standard by which sth is judgedcrucial adj. ~ very important; decisiveculture n. refined understanding and appreciation of art, literature, etc currency n. money system in use in a countrycycle n. series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order data n. facts or information used in deciding or discussing sthdebate n. formal argument or discussion of a question, eg at a public meeting or in Parliament, with two ormore opposing speakers, and often ending in a votedecade n. period of ten yearsdecline v. say `no' to (sth); refuse (sth offered), usu politelydeduce v. ~ sth arrive at (facts, a theory, etc) by reasoning; infer sth define v. ~ sth state precisely the meaning of (eg words)definite adj. clear; not doubtfuldemonstrate v. ~ sth (to sb) show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence denote v. be the name, sign or symbol of (sth); refer todeny v. say that (sth) is not truedepress v. make sad and without enthusiasmderive v. ~ sth from sth obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth design n. ~ (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be made despite prep without being affected bydetect v. discover or recognize that (sth) is presentdeviate v. ~ from sth stop followingdevice n. thing made or adapted for a special purposedevote v. ~ oneself/sth to sb/sth give to sb/sth; dedicate ;differentiate v. ~ between A and B; ~ A (from B) see or show (two things) to be different; show sth to be different(from sthelse)dimension n. measurement of any sortdiminish v. become smaller or less; decreasediscrete adj. separate; distinctdiscriminate v. ~ ~ A from B see or make a difference (between two things)displace v. move from the usual or correct placedisplay v. ~ sth put sth on showdispose v. place(sb/sth) in a suitable way; arrangedistinct adj.easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definitedistort v. pull or twist out of its usual shapedistribute v. ~ sth separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thingdiverse adj. of different kinds; varieddocument n. paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth, evidence or proof of sth domain n. lands owned or ruled by a nobleman, government, etcdomestic adj.of the home, household or familydominate v. have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc)draft n. rough preliminary written version of sthdrama n. play for the theatre, radio or TVduration n. time during which sth lasts or continuesdynamic adj.of power or forces that produce movementeconomy n. avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc)edit v. prepare for publication, eg in a book, newspaper, or magazine element n. ~ necessary or characteristic part of stheliminate v. ~ sb/sth remove (esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed) emerge v. ~ come out or up (from water, etc)emphasis n.force or stress given to a word or words when spoken, to make the meaning clear or to showimportanceempirical adj. based on observation or experiment, not on theoryenable v. make able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or meansencounter v. meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) energy n. ability to act or work with strength and eagernessenforce v. ~ sth force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth effectiveenhance v. increase make (sb/sth) look betterenormous adj. very large; immenseensure v.make sure; guaranteeentity n. thing with distinct and real existenceenvironment n. conditions, circumstances, etc affecting people's livesequate v. ~ sth consider sth as equal or equivalent (to sth else)equip v. ~ sb/sth (with sth) supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose) equivalent adj. ~ equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etcerode v. destroy or wear (sth) away graduallyerror n. thing done wrongly; mistakeestablish v. set up on a firm or permanent basisestate n. area of land, esp in the country, with one ownerestimate n. judgement or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc of sthethic n. system of moral principles; rules of conductethnic adj.of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural traditionevaluate v. find out or form an idea of the amount or value of (sb/sth); assesseventual adj. happening at last as a result; ultimateevident adj. ~ (that...) obvious (to the eye or mind); clearevolve v. (cause to) develop naturally and (usu) graduallyexceed v. be greater or more numerous than (esp a quantity)exclude v. ~ sb/sth prevent sb from entering somewhere, taking part in sth, etc; keep sb out exhibit n. object or collection of objects displayed for the public, eg in a museumexpand v. ~ (into sth) (cause sth to) become greater in size, number or importanceexpert n. ~ person with special knowledge, skill or training in a particular fieldexplicit adj.(of a statement, etc) clearly and fully expressedexploit n. brave or adventurous deed or actionexport n.exportingexpose v. uncover or make (sth) visible; displayexternal adj.outside; situated on the outside of sth (esp the body)extract v. ~ sth take or get sth out, usu with effort or by forcefacilitate v. (of an object, a process, etc but not of a person) make (sth) easy or less difficult factor n. fact, circumstance, etc that helps to produce a resultfeature n. one of the named parts of the face (eg nose, mouth, eyes) which together form its appearancefederal of or relating to a form of government or a country in which power is divided between one central andseveral regional governmentfee n. (usu pl ) amount paid for professional advice or service, eg to private teachers, doctors, etcfile n. metal tool with a rough surface for cutting, smoothing or shaping hard substancesfinal adj.of the end; coming lastfinance n.management of moneyfinite adj.having bounds; limited; not infiniteflexible adj.that can bend easily without breakingfluctuate v. ~ (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularlyfocus n. =>Usage at data data. point at which rays (of light, sound, etc) meet or from which theyappear tocomeformat n. shape, size, binding, etc of a bookformula n. (chemistry ) set of symbols showing the elements that a substance is made offorthcoming adj.about to happen or appear in the near futurefoundation n.act of foundingfounded [ find: ] to meet with or discover by chanceframework n. structure giving shape and supportfunction n. special activity or purpose of a person or thingfund n. sum of money saved or made available for a particular purposefundamental adj.of or forming the basis or foundation of sth; essentialfurthermore adv. in addition; moreover ;gender n. (in certain languages) classification of a noun or pronoun as masculine or femininegenerate v. cause to exist or occur; produce generation n.productionglobe n. small spherical model of the earth showing the continents and usu also countries, rivers, cities, etcgoal n. (in football, hockey, etc) pair of posts with a crossbar, between which the ball has to be kicked, hit,etc in order to scoregrade n. step, stage or degree of rank, quality, etc; level of classificationgrant v. agree to give or allow (what is asked for)guarantee n.~ (against sth) promise (usu in writing) that certain conditions agreed to in a transactionwillbefulfilledguideline a principle put forward to set standards or determine a course of actio hence adv. from this timehierarchy n. system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest highlight n. best, most interesting or most exciting part of somethinghypothesis n. idea or suggestion that is based onknownfacts and is used as a basis for reasoningor furtherinvestigationidentical adj.the ~ the sameidentify v.~ sb/sth as sb/sth show, prove, etc who what sb/sth is; recognize sb/sth (as being theor specified person orthing)ideology n. ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a particular group orpersonignorant adj.~ (of sth)knowing little or nothing; lacking education or information; unawareillustrate v. supply with pictures, diagrams, etcimage n. copy of the shape of a person or thing, esp one made in stone or wood; statue immigrate v. ~ enter a foreign country in order to live there permanentlyimpact n. hitting of one object against anotherimplement n. tool or instrumentimplicate v. ~ sb show that sb is involved in sth, esp a crimeimplicit adj.~ implied, but not expressed directly; not explicitimply v. suggest (sth) indirectly rather than state it directly; hint impose v. ~ sth place (a penalty, tax, etc) officially on sb/sthincentive n. ~ thing that encourages sb to do sth; stimulusincidence n. ~ of sth extent to which sth happens or has an effect incline v. ~ towards sth lean or slope in the direction of sthincome n. money received over a certain period, esp as payment for work or as interest on investmentsincorporate v. ~ sth (in/into sth) make sth part of a whole; includeindex n. list of names or topics referred to in a book, etc, usu arranged at the end in alphabetical orderindicate v. ~ sth (to sb) show sth, esp by pointingindividual adj.single; separateinduce v. persuade or influence (sb) to do sthinevitable adj.that cannot be avoided; that is sure to happeninfer v. ~ sth (from sth) reach (an opinion) from facts or reasoning; conclude sthinfrastructure n. subordinate parts, installations, etc that form the basis of a system, an organization oran enterprise (eg ofan army) ,inherent adj. ~ existing as a natural or permanent feature or quality of sb/sthinhibit v. ~ sb prevent sb from doing sth that should be natural or easy to doinitial adj. of or at the beginning; firstinitiate v. put (a scheme, etc) into operation; cause (sth) to begininjure v. hurt (sb); harminnovate v. make changes; introduce new thingsinput n. ~ action of putting sth ininsert v. ~ sth put, fit, place sth into sth or between two thingsinsight n. ~ (approv ) ability to see into the true nature (of sth); deep understandinginspect v.examine (sth) closelyinstance n. ~ particular occurrence of sth that happens generally or several times; example; case institute n. society or organization for a special (usu social, professional or educational) purpose instruct to direct to do something; orderintegral adj.~ necessary for completenessintegrate v. ~ sth (into sth); ~ A and B/~ A with B combine sth in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth elseintegrity n. quality of being honest and morally uprightintelligence n. power of learning, understanding and reasoning; mental abilityintense adj.(of sensations) very great or severe; extremeinteract v. ~ act or have an effect on each otherintermediate adj. ~ situated or coming between two people, things, etc in time, space, degree, etcinternal adj.of or on the insideinterpret v. explain (sth which is not easily understandable)interval n. ~ time between two eventsintervene v. (of time) come or be betweenintrinsic adj. belonging naturally; existing within, not coming from outsideinvest v. ~ (in sth/with sb) use (money) to buy shares, property, etc, in order to earn interest orbring profitinvestigate v. find out and examine in order to obtain the truthinvoke v. use (sth) as a reason for one's actioninvolve v. make necessary as a condition or result; entailisolate v. ~sb/sth put or keep sb/sth entirely apart from other people or things; separate sb/sth ; issue n.outgoing; outflowitem n. single article or unit in a list, etcjob n. the patience of jobjournal n. newspaper or periodical, esp one that is serious and deals with a specialized subject justify v. show that (sb/sth) is right, reasonable or justlabel n.piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc on or beside an object and describing its nature, name, owner,destination,etclabour n.physicalor mental worklayer n. thickness of material laid over a surface or forming a horizontal divisionlecture n.~(on sth) talk giving information about a subject to an audience or a class, often as part of ateaching programmelegal adj.of or based on the lawlegislate v. ~ make lawslevy v. ~ sth (on sb) collect (a payment, etc) by authority or force; impose sthliberal adj.tolerant and open-minded; free from prejudicelicence n. official document showing that permission has been given to own, use or do sth likewise adv.similarlylink n. one ring or loop of a chainlocate v. discover the exact position or place oflogic n.science of reasoningmaintain v. ~ sth cause sth to continue; keep sth in existence at the same level, standard, etcmajor adj.important; great(er)manipulate v. control or handle with skillmanual adj. of, done with or controlled by the handsmargin n. blank space round the written or printed matter on a pagemature adj.fully grown or developed mentally or physically; having achieved one's full potentialmaximise[ maximize: ] vt. to make as high or great as possible; increase to a maximum mechanism n. working parts of a machine, etcmedia n. the media means of mass communication, eg TV , radio, newspapersmediate v. ~ act as a peacemaker or go-between for two or more people, groups, etc who disagree medical adj.of the art of medicine; of curing diseasemedium n. (pl usu media) means by which sth is expressed or communicatedmental adj.of, in or to the mindmethod n.waymigrate v. ~ (to...) move from one place to go to live or work in anothermilitary adj. of or for soldiers or an army; of or for armed forcesminimal adj. smallest in amount or degreeminimise[ minimize: ] to reduce to or estimate at the least possible degree or amount minimum n. least or smallest amount, degree, etc possibleministry n. (buildings containing a) government departmentminor adj.smaller, less serious, less important, etcmode n. ~ (fml ) way or manner in which sth is donemodify v. change (sth) slightly, esp to make it less extreme or to improve it monitor n. device used to observe, record or test sthmotive n. ~ that which causes sb to act in a particular way; reasonmutual adj.felt or done by each towards the othernegate v. deny or disprove the existence of (sb/sth) network n. complex system of roads, etc crossingeach otherneutral adj.not supporting or helping either side in a dispute, contest,war, etc; impartialnevertheless adv, conj in spite of this; however; stillnonetheless adv. nevertheless; howevernorm n. standard or pattern that is typical (of a group, etc)normal adj.in accordance with what is typical, usual or regularnotion n. ~ idea or belief; conceptnotwithstanding prep (can also follow the n to which it refers ) without being affected by (sth); in spite of nuclear adj.of a nucleus, esp of an atomobjective adj.not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; unbiased; fairobtain v. ~ sth et sth; come to own or possess sth (by buying, borrowing, taking, etc) obvious adj. easily seen, recognized or understood; clearoccupy v. live in or have possession of (a house, land, etc)occur v. come into being as an event or a process; happenodd adj.strange; unusual; peculiaroffset v. ~ sth (by sth/doing sth) compensate for sth; balance sth ongoing adj. continuing to exist or progressoption n. power or freedom of choosing; choiceorient n. the Orient countries of the (Far) East (eg Japan, China) outcome n. effect or result (of an event, circumstances, etc) output n. quantity of goods, etc producedoverall adj. including everything; totaloverlap v. partly cover (sth) by extending over its edge overseas adj. across the sea; foreignpanel n. separate, usu rectangular, part of the surface of a door, wall, ceiling, etc, usu raisedaboveor sunkbelow the surrounding areaparadigm n. set of all the different forms of a wordparagraph n. distinct section of a written or printed text, usu consisting of several sentences dealingwith a singletheme and starting on a new lineparallel adj.(of two or more lines) having the same distance between each other at every pointparameter n. quantity that does not vary in a particular case but does vary in other cases participate v. ~ take part or become involved (in an activity)partner n. person who takes part in an activity with another or others, esp one of several owners of a businesspassive adj.not active; submissiveperceive v. become aware of (sb/sth); notice; observe percentperiod n. length or portion of timepersist v.~ continue to do sth, esp in an obstinate and determined way and in spite of opposition,argument orfailureperspective n. art of drawing solid objects on a flat surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width,depth and position in relation to each otherphase n. stage in a process of change or developmentphenomenon n. fact or occurrence, esp in nature or society, that can be perceived by the sensesphilosophy n.search for knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of the universe and ofhumanlifephysical adj.of or concerning material things plus prep with the addition ofpolicy n. ~plan of action, statement of ideals, etc proposed or adopted by a government, politicalparty,business, etcportion n. part or share into which sth is dividedpose v.~ (for sb) sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed。

雅思英语词汇(超全)[参考]

一、日常生活篇1. 家庭成员father 父亲mother 母亲brother 兄弟sister 姐妹husband 丈夫wife 妻子son 儿子daughter 女儿2. 食物breakfast 早餐lunch 午餐dinner 晚餐fruit 水果vegetable 蔬菜meat 肉类rice 米饭bread 面包egg 鸡蛋milk 牛奶3. 衣物shirt 衬衫pants 裤子dress 连衣裙 skirt 裙子shoes 鞋子hat 帽子coat 大衣socks 袜子underwear 内衣4. 居住环境house 房子apartment 公寓 room 房间bed 床window 窗户door 门floor 地板ceiling 天花板 kitchen 厨房 bathroom 浴室5. 交通工具car 汽车bus 公交车train 火车subway 地铁bicycle 自行车 motorbike 摩托车 plane 飞机boat 船ship 舰船二、学术篇1. 学科mathematics 数学 physics 物理chemistry 化学 biology 生物history 历史geography 地理 literature 文学 philosophy 哲学 sociology 社会学2. 学术词汇research 研究theory 理论experiment 实验 evidence 证据analysis 分析conclusion 结论 hypothesis 假设data 数据study 学习knowledge 知识3. 学术表达accordingly 因此furthermorehowever 然而moreover 而且on the other hand 另一方面 in addition 另外in conclusionin contrast 相比之下三、职场篇1. 职位manager 经理director 导演engineer 工程师doctor 医生teacher 教师nurse 护士lawyer 律师accountant 会计receptionist 接待员2. 办公室用品keyboard 键盘mouse 鼠标printer 打印机scanner 扫描仪projector 投影仪office 办公室desk 书桌chair 椅子file 文件3. 职场沟通meeting 会议negotiation 谈判presentation 展示discussion 讨论cooperation 合作team 团队project 项目goal 目标achievement 成就本词汇表涵盖雅思考试常见场景，帮助考生提高词汇储备，为雅思考试助力。

雅思高频词汇和核心词汇

雅思高频词汇和核心词汇雅思高频词汇和核心词汇是指在雅思考试中经常出现的、具有重要意义的词汇。

这些词汇通常是英语中最基本、最常用的词汇，也是英语学习的基础。

掌握这些词汇对于提高雅思考试成绩和英语水平都非常重要。

以下是一些雅思高频词汇和核心词汇的例子：- Academic: 学术的- Band score: 分数段- Broadband: 宽带- Case study: 案例研究- Climate change: 气候变化- Community: 社区- Culture: 文化- Database: 数据库- Digital divide: 数字鸿沟- Discipline: 学科- Environment: 环境- Ethics: 道德规范- Finance: 金融- Genetic engineering: 基因工程- Globalization: 全球化- Government: 政府- Health care: 医疗保健- Immigration: 移民- Infrastructure: 基础设施- Internet: 互联网- Job interview: 求职面试- Language skills: 语言技能- Leadership: 领导力- Literature: 文学- Media: 媒体- Network: 网络- Nutrition: 营养- Opinion poll: 民意调查- Organization: 组织- Pollution: 污染- Population: 人口- Project management: 项目管理- Public health: 公共卫生- Recreation：Recreation- 参考：Reference- 改革：Reform- 融合：Integration- 国际组织：International organization- 图形：Graphic- 故乡：Hometown- 互动：Interaction- 互联网：Internet- 环境：Environment- 汇率：Exchange rate- 欢迎：Welcome- 活动：Activity- 火车站：Railway station - 火山：Volcano- 货物：Cargo- 伙伴：Partner- 护照：Passport- 航空公司：Airline- 航班：Flight- 航班延误：Flight delay - 航天飞机：Space shuttle - 酒店：Hotel- 行李：Baggage- 假期：Holiday- 机场：Airport- 机票：Air ticket- 驾驶员：Driver- 建筑：Architecture - 健康：Health- 疾病：Disease- 节约：Economy - 教育：Education - 经验：Experience - 解释：Explain- 节日：Festival- 客人：Guest- 公斤：Kilogram - 公里：Kilometer - 行李：Luggage- 图书馆：Library - 路线：Route- 午餐：Lunch- 杂志：Magazine - 山脉：Mountain - 市场：Market- 菜单：Menu- 药：Medicine- 博物馆：Museum- 自然：Nature- 国家：Country- 噪音：Noise- 报纸：Newspaper - 包装：Packing- 护照：Passport - 公园：Park- 污染：Pollution - 产品：Product- 促销：Promotion - 项目：Project- 宣传：Publicity - 提供：Provide- 质量：Quality- 问题：Problem - 数量：Quantity - rainforest: 雨林- radio: 收音机- reality: 现实- relationship: 关系- religion: 宗教- research: 研究- restaurant: 餐厅- river: 河流- rural area: 农村地区- safety: 安全- school: 学校- science: 科学- secretary: 秘书- service: 服务- shopping: 购物- socialism: 社会主义- society: 社会- software: 软件- speech: 演讲- sport: 运动- spring: 春天- stadium: 体育场- stress: 压力- subject: 学科- summer: 夏天- supermarket: 超市- symbol: 象征- technology: 技术- temperature: 温度- television: 电视- traffic: 交通- tropical rainforest: 热带雨林- truth: 事实- university: 大学- village: 村庄- violence: 暴力- volcano: 火山。

高分篇!雅思分类7分必背词汇大集合

以下是雅思分类7分必背词汇大集合，这些词汇涵盖了学术类和普通培训类的阅读、写作和听力四个部分。

请注意，这只是一个大集合，具体的词汇可能会根据不同的主题和场景有所不同。

阅读部分：1. Vastly: 极大地2. Fascinating: 迷人的3. Diverse: 各种各样的4. Exotic: 异国情调的5. Biodiversity: 生物多样性6. Ecosystem: 生态系统7. Subtropical: 亚热带的8. Biodiversity hotspot: 生物多样性热点地区9. Botanist: 植物学家10. Hypothesis: 假设写作部分：1. Argumentative essay: 议论文2. Problem and solution essay: 问题与解决方案类文章3. Persuasive essay: 说服性文章4. Informative essay: 信息性文章5. Definition essay: 定义类文章6. Expository essay: 说明文7. Narrative essay: 叙事文8. Cause and effect essay: 因果关系类文章9. Compare and contrast essay: 比较和对比类文章10. Classification essay: 分类文章听力部分：1. Accommodation: 住宿2. Transportation: 交通3. Dining: 餐饮4. Entertainment: 娱乐5. Safety and security: 安全与保障6. Medical care: 医疗保健7. Shopping: 购物8. Finance and budgeting: 财务与预算9. Visa and immigration issues: 签证与移民问题10. Academic life: 学术生活口语部分：1. Fascinating place: 迷人的地方2. Interesting person: 有趣的人3. Thrilling experience: 激动人心的经历4. Innovative technology: 创新技术5. Breathtaking natural phenomenon: 令人惊叹的自然现象6. Exciting event: 令人兴奋的事件7. Adorable pet: 可爱的宠物8. Convincing argument: 有说服力的观点9. Thrilling game/movie/book/music/performance: 激动人心的游戏/电影/书籍/音乐/演出。

雅思高阶单词

雅思高阶单词一、学术类词汇1. Phenomenon [fəˈnɒmɪnən] n. 现象- 例句：The Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon that attracts many tourists.（北极光是吸引许多游客的自然现象。

）2. Hypothesis [haɪˈpɒθəsɪs] n. 假设- 例句：Scientists put forward a hypothesis about the origin of the universe.（科学家们提出了一个关于宇宙起源的假设。

）3. Methodology [ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒi] n. 方法论- 例句：The research methodology used in this study is very reliable.（这项研究中使用的研究方法非常可靠。

）4. Analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. 分析- 例句：A detailed analysis of the data shows some interesting trends.（对数据的详细分析显示出一些有趣的趋势。

）5. Inference [ˈɪnfərəns] n. 推理；推论- 例句：His inference was based on the evidence he had collected.（他的推论是基于他所收集的证据。

）二、描述类词汇1. Exquisite [ɪkˈskwɪzɪt] adj. 精致的；细腻的- 例句：The jewelry in the store is very exquisite.（商店里的珠宝非常精致。

）2. Vivid [ˈvɪvɪd] adj. 生动的；鲜明的- 例句：She gave a vivid description of her journey.（她生动地描述了她的旅程。

雅思写作主题词汇

雅思写作主题词汇雅思（IELTS，International English Language Testing System）是英国文化协会（British Council）、剑桥英语考试委员会（Cambridge English Language Assessment）和国际考试服务（IDP）联合创办的国际英语语言测试系统。

雅思考试是衡量非英语国家考生英语能力的一项标准化考试，涵盖听力、阅读、写作和口语四个方面。

在雅思写作考试中，熟练掌握一定的主题词汇是提高成绩的关键。

本文将介绍一些常见的雅思写作主题词汇，并提供相关示例及近义词替换。

1. 教育（Education）教育一直是雅思写作中常见的话题之一，以下为一些与教育相关的关键词汇：- 学生 (student): pupil, learner- 教育制度 (education system): schooling system, educational system - 学业 (academic study): academic pursuit, studies- 课程 (curriculum): syllabus, course- 学术 (academic): scholarly, intellectual- 教授 (professor): lecturer, educator2. 环境（Environment）环境问题一直备受关注，下面是一些用于描述环境的词汇：- 污染 (pollution): contamination, environmental degradation- 垃圾 (garbage): waste, refuse- 可持续发展 (sustainable development): sustainable growth, environmentally friendly- 自然资源 (natural resources): natural assets, ecological goods- 气候变化 (climate change): global warming, climate crisis- 生态系统 (ecosystem): ecological system, environmental habitat3. 健康（Health）健康是每个人追求的目标，以下是一些用于谈论健康话题的词汇：- 预防 (prevention): avoidance, prevention measures- 疾病 (disease): illness, ailment- 营养 (nutrition): nourishment, dietary intake- 锻炼 (exercise): physical activity, workout- 心理健康 (mental health): psychological well-being, emotional balance - 健康饮食 (healthy diet): balanced nutrition, wholesome eating4. 科技（Technology）科技发展对社会产生深远影响，以下是一些描述科技的常用词汇：- 互联网 (internet): web, cyberspace- 数字化 (digitalization): digitization, computerization- 社交媒体 (social media): online platforms, digital networks- 创新 (innovation): creativity, invention- 自动化 (automation): mechanization, computerization- 人工智能 (artificial intelligence): AI, machine intelligence除了以上提到的主题词汇，雅思写作还涉及经济、文化、社会等各个领域的词汇。

雅思必备词汇2021

雅思必备词汇2021
雅思考试涉及的词汇范围广泛，因此准备雅思考试需要掌握大量词汇。

以下是一些2021年雅思考试中可能会涉及的常见词汇：
1. Academic（学术的）。

2. Achieve（取得成就）。

3. Analysis（分析）。

4. Benefit（利益）。

5. Challenge（挑战）。

6. Develop（发展）。

7. Environment（环境）。

8. Global（全球的）。

9. Impact（影响）。

10. Knowledge（知识）。

11. Opportunity（机会）。

12. Research（研究）。

13. Society（社会）。

14. Technology（技术）。

15. Understand（理解）。

当然，这只是一小部分可能涉及的词汇，如果您正在备考雅思考试，建议您通过雅思官方指定的教材和词汇书籍来系统地学习和掌握相关词汇。

同时，多阅读英文文章和书籍也是扩展词汇量的有效途径。

希望这些词汇能对您备考雅思考试有所帮助。

雅思听力学术场景高频词汇

summary n.摘要
laser n.激光
reference n.参考书目
abstract n.摘要
analysis n.分析
bibliography n.参考书目
finding n.发现
revision n.修改
theory n.理论
random adj. 随机的
overhead adj.头上的
geography n.地理
archaeological adj.考古学的
applied adj.应用的
banking n.银行学
statistics n.统计学
economics n.经济学
accounting n.会计学
media n.媒体
architecture n.建筑
philosophy n.哲学
recall v.回忆；要求归还某物
reserve v.预定
slip n.一张纸
stack n.书库
Card index 卡片索引
catalog n.目录
Check out 登记并借出
renewal n.更新
circle n.圆
out on loan 借出的
Interlibrary service 图书馆间服务
雅思听力学术场景高频词汇
今天跟着菜菜老师学听力
雅思听力学术场景高频词汇：
学科名称：
major n专业
linguistics n.语言学
Anthropology n.人类学
psychology n.心理学
mining n.采矿
fine adj.好的
physics n.物理
astronomy n.天文学

雅思考试之必备词汇分类总结

雅思考试之必备词汇分类总结
1.学术词汇
如academic、analysis、argument、assignment、attendance、audience、budget、capacity等，这些词汇在学术场景中经常使用，需要考生熟练掌握。

2.常见词汇
如abide、abstract、abrupt、accommodation、accounting、acid、acknowledge、acquire、addict 等，这些词汇在日常生活和学校场景中经常出现，需要考生熟悉。

3.学科词汇
如biology、chemistry、geography、history、maths、physics等，这些词汇在相应学科的阅读和听力部分中经常出现，需要考生有一定的了解。

4.高频词汇
如additional、advantage、adverse、alter、anecdotal等，这些词汇在雅思考试中出现的频
1
率较高，需要考生重点掌握。

5.写作词汇
如argue、assertion、assertion method、assumption、case study等，这些词汇在写作部分中经常使用，需要考生熟悉其用法。

6.口语词汇
如community、emphasis、goal、highlight、include等，这些词汇在口语部分中经常出现，需要考生有一定的了解。

以上是考雅思必备词汇的一些方面，考生可以根据自己的实际情况进行有针对性的学习和提高。

同时，建议考生多做真题和模拟题，熟悉不同题型和难度，掌握答题技巧和方法。

2。

剑桥雅思阅读超高频词汇(最终版)

n.接近, 方法 vt.接近 n.可接近
adj.在前的, 早先的
n. [遗传]基因 adj.遗传的 n.遗传学
n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议 n.异议,拒绝 n.目标, 目的 adj.客观的
n.数量 vi.(to) 总计, 等于
adj.低劣的,吝啬的 vt.意谓 n.平均数 n.意义, 含意 adj.意味深长的
vt.赠送, 上演, 提出, 呈现
adj.特殊的,独特的 n.细节, 详细 n.微粒 adj.微粒的
n.联合,联盟, 协会 vt.统一, 使成一体 n.制服 adj.相同的 n.同样, 一致 adj.唯一的, 独特的 n.个体, (计量)单位 adj.联合的, 团结的, 一致 n.团结, 联合, 统一 n.宇宙, 世界 n.(综合)大学
n.[机]机构, 机关, [生物]器官 adj.器官的, 有机的, 组织的 n.生物体, 有机体 vt.组织, 使有机化 n.组织, 机构 adj.组织的 n.组织者
n.位置, 职位 vt.安置, 决定...的位置 n.邮件, 邮政，岗位, 职位，柱 vt.张贴, 邮递
adj.复杂的,综合的 n.联合体 n.复杂性 adj.复杂的, 难解的
vt.(根据权利)要求, 主张
adj.相似的, 类似的 adv.同样地, 类似于 n.类似, 类似处 n.同化
n.明显, 显著，证据 adj.明显的, 显然的
n. 主修课 adj.主修的，主要的 vi.主修 n.多数, 大半
1
11 further furthermore 12 involve involvement revolve revolution revolutionary revolutionise evolve evolution evolutionary

托福雅思高频学术词汇

托福雅思高频学术词汇以下是托福雅思高频学术词汇：1. hypothesis 假设2. thesis 论点3. methodology 方法学4. analysis 分析5. conclusion 结论6. data 数据7. experiment 实验8. research 研究9. study 研究10. survey 调查11. theory 理论12. phenomenon 现象13. variable 变量14. sample 样本15. correlation 相关性16. observation 观察17. interpretation 解释18. literature 文献19. peer review 同行评审20. academic 学术的21. methodology 方法22. analysis 分析23. hypothesis 假设24. theory 理论25. research 研究26. experiment 实验27. data 数据28. sample 样本29. observation 观察30. result 结果31. conclusion 结论32. argument 论点33. subject 主题34. statistic 统计量35. significance 重要性36. correlation 相关性37. methodology 方法论38. validity 有效性39. reliability 可靠性40. replication 复制41. literature review 文献综述42. citation 引用43. publication 出版物44. academic journal 学术期刊45. peer-reviewed 同行评审的46. empirical 基于经验的47. quantitative 定量的48. qualitative 定性的49. analysis 方法分析50. methodology 方法论希望对你有帮助！。

雅思词汇和高考词汇

雅思词汇和高考词汇雅思词汇是指在雅思考试中常常出现的一些词汇，主要是涉及到学术、社会、文化等方面的词汇。

而高考词汇则是指在中国高考中常常出现的一些词汇，主要是涉及到语文、数学、英语等科目的词汇。

以下是一些常见的雅思词汇和高考词汇例子：雅思词汇：1. Academic：学术的2. Globalization：全球化3. Cultural diversity：文化多样性4. Sustainable development：可持续发展5. Renewable energy：可再生能源6. Carbon footprint：碳足迹7. Population growth：人口增长8. Poverty alleviation：减贫9. Technological advancement：技术进步10. Economic recession：经济衰退高考词汇：1. 文化遗产：cultural heritage2. 国内生产总值：gross domestic product (GDP)3. 人口老龄化：aging population4. 诗意：poetic sentiment5. 运算：arithmetic operation6. 动态规划：dynamic programming7. 计算机网络：computer network8. 人工智能：artificial intelligence (AI)9. 生态环境：ecological environment10. 知识产权：intellectual property需要注意的是，考试内容可能会有变化，以上只是一些常见的词汇示例，具体的考试内容以考试官或考试说明为准。

同时，不论是雅思词汇还是高考词汇，都需要通过大量的阅读和实践来熟练掌握，并在写作和口语中灵活运用。

雅思核心词汇学术

雅思核心词汇学术雅思核心词汇学术大全引导语：为了帮助大家更加好地准备雅思英语考试，以下是店铺为大家整理的雅思英语核心词汇学术大全，欢迎阅读!1、analyse 分析，观察2、approach 方法，接近3、area 区域4、assess 评估5、assume 假设6、authority 权利，当局7、available 可得的8、benefit 利益，有益的9、concept 概念10、consist 组成，在于11、established 已制定的12、estimate 估计，估价13、evidence 证据14、export 输出，出口15、factors 因素16、financial 金融的17、formula 公式，配方18、function 功能19、identified 被识别的20、income 收入21、occur 发生，出现22、percent 百分比23、period 时期，周期24、policy 政策，保险单25、principle 原则，本质26、procedure 程序，步骤27、process 加工，过程28、required 必需的29、research 研究，调查30、response 反应，回答31、constitutional 体制的32、context 环境，上下文33、contract 订约，合同34、create 创造35、data 数据，资料36、definition 定义37、derived 衍生的38、distribution 分布，分配39、economic 经济的40、environment 环境41、indicate 表明，指出42、individual 个人，个体43、interpretation 翻译44、involved 有关的45、issues 议题46、labour 劳动力，人工47、legal 法律的，合法的48、legislation 立法49、major 主要的，科目50、method 方法51、role 角色，任务52、section 部分，章节53、sector 部门54、significant 有效，有意义55、similar 相似的56、source 来源57、specific 特定的，明确的58、structure 结构，组织59、theory 理论，推测60、variable 可变的61、achieve 达成62、acquisition 获得63、administration 管理64、affect 影响，感动65、appropriate 适当的66、aspects 方面67、assistance 辅助68、categories 类别69、chapter 章回70、commission 委员会71、design 设计，构思72、distinction 区别73、elements 基础，原理74、equation 等式，反应式75、evaluation 评价，估价76、features 特点77、final 最终的78、focus 焦点，中心79、impact 影响，冲突80、injury 损伤81、potential 潜在的，电势82、previous 以前的83、primary 初级的，基本的84、purchase 购买的85、range 范围86、region 地区，范围87、regulations 规程88、relevant 有关的89、resident 居住的，居民90、resource 资源，办法91、community 社区，团体92、complex 复杂的93、computer 计算机94、conclusion 结论，推论95、conduct 带领，引导96、consequences 结果97、construction 建设，结构98、consumer 消费者，用户99、credit 信用100、cultural 文化的。

雅思六级词汇

雅思六级词汇1. academia -学术界2. accelerate -加速3. accomplish -完成4. accommodate -容纳；适应5. accompany -陪伴；伴随6. advocate -提倡；支持7. alter -改变8. analyze -分析9. anticipate -预期；期待10. appreciate -感激；欣赏11. assign -分配；指定12. associate -关联；联想13. attribute -归因于14. benefit -利益；好处15. challenge -挑战16. compensate -补偿17. compete -竞争18. comply -遵守19. conceive -构思；想象20. conclude -结论21. conduct -进行；实施22. conform -遵守；符合23. consent -同意24. contribute -贡献；捐赠25. convert -转换；转变26. criticize -批评；评论27. debate -辩论28. define -定义29. demonstrate -证明；展示30. depress -使沮丧；使萧条31. describe -描述32. determine -决定；确定33. deviate -偏离34. differentiate -区分；区别35. dimension -维度；方面36. discriminate -歧视；区分37. distribute -分发；分配38. dominate -主导；控制39. duplicate -复制；重复40. eliminate -消除；排除41. emphasize -强调42. implement -实施；执行43. imply -暗示；表明44. impose -强加；征税45. initiative -主动性；倡议46. involve -包含；涉及47. justify -证明…正当；为…辩护48. maintain -维持；维修49. manipulate -操纵；控制50. Moreover -此外；而且。

雅思学术类词汇表(音译双全)

The academic word listSublist 1analyze[ˈænəlaiz] vt.〈美〉分析, 分解, 解释constitute[ˈkɔnstitju:t] vt.构成, 组成建立, 制定选定, 任命establish[isˈtæbliʃ] vt.建立, 成立安置确定, 证实indicate[ˈindikeit] vt.标示, 指示, 指出象征; 表明或暗示…的可能性occur[əˈkə:] vi.发生; 举行; 存在被发现; 想到[起]role[rəul] n.作用, 职责角色approach[əˈprəutʃ] n.靠近, 接近, 临近通路, 入口, 途径方式, 方法vt.接洽, 交涉; 着手处理vt. & vi.接近, 走近, 靠近context[ˈkɔntekst] n.背景, 环境上下文, 语境estimate[ˈestimeit] n.估计, 估价报价判断vt. & vi.估计; 评价, 评估>individual[ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的独特的n.个人人percent[pəˈsent] n.百分比,百分数section[ˈsekʃən] n.章节部分部门, 科截面, 剖面地区, 区area[ˈɛəriə] n.面积区域, 地区领域, 方面contract[kənˈtrækt] n.契约, 合同vt.缔结; 订契约vt. & vi.染上(恶习, 疾病等)缩小; 紧缩evident[ˈevidənt] adj.明显的, 明白的interpret[inˈtə:prit] vt.解释; 说明vt. & vi.口译; 翻译period[ˈpiəriəd] n.(一段)时间时期, 时代学时, 课时句号, 句点sector[ˈsektə] n.部门; 领域防御地区, 防卫区域扇形, 扇形面assess[əˈses] vt.估价, 估计评定, 核定create[kriˈeit] vt.创造, 创作, 创建引起, 产生；export[eksˈpɔ:t] n.输出, 出口输出[出口]物vt. & vi.出口, 输出involve[inˈvɔlv] vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要使参与, 牵涉policy[ˈpɔləsi] n.政策, 方针策略, 精明的行为, 上策保险单significant[siɡˈnifikənt] adj.重要的, 重大的, 可观的有意义的, 有用意的意味深长的assume[əˈsju:m] vt.假设, 臆断, 猜想假装承担, 担任, 就职呈现, 采取data[ˈdeitə] n.资料, 材料factor[ˈfæktə] n.因素, 要素〈数〉因子, 因数issue[ˈisju:] n.问题, 议题; 争论点发行物放出, 流出; 发出, 发行〈正〉结果, 结局vi.冒出, 流出; 传出vt.出版, 发行发表, 发布分配, 发给principle[ˈprinsəpl] n.原则, 原理准则, 规范操守, 道义工作原理similar[ˈsimilə] adj.类似的; 同类的; 相似的; 同样的authority[ɔ:ˈθɔriti] n.权力, 职权官方, 当局权威, 专家/define[diˈfain] vt.精确地解释; 界定规定, 确定finance[faiˈnæns] n.财政, 金融财源, 资金, 财务情况vt.为…供给资金, 从事金融活动labour[ˈleibə] n.劳动, 努力; 工作劳工, 工人分娩, (分娩时的)阵痛vi.劳动; 努力艰难行进proceed[prəˈsi:d] vi.前进; 行进进行; 继续下去source[sɔ:s] n.河流的源头, 发源地来源, 出处原因提供资料者, 资料来源available[əˈveiləbl] adj.可用的或可得到的可会见的, 可与之交谈的derive[diˈraiv] vt. & vi.得到源于formula[ˈfɔ:mjulə] n.准则, 原则公式, 方程式配方legal[ˈli:ɡəl] adj.法律上的; 合法的; 法定的process[ˈprəuses] n.过程, 进程工序, 制作法vi.列队行进vt.加工; 处理specific[spiˈsifik] adj.明确的, 确切的, 详尽的具体的, 特有的, 特定的仅限于…的; 只发现于…的n.特效药具体方面, 细节$benefit[ˈbenifit] n.益处, 好处救济金, 保险金vt. & vi.有益于, 得益distribute[disˈtribju:t] vt.分配, 分给散发; 散播; 分布function[ˈfʌŋkʃən] n.功能; 作用; 职责函数; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物社交集会vi.工作, 运行, 起作用legislate[ˈledʒisleit] vt. & vi.立法; 制定法律require[riˈkwaiə] vt.有赖于…; 需要命令, 指示要求, 规定想要structure[ˈstrʌktʃə] n.结构, 构造有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建筑物vt.组织; 安排; 构造; 制定concept[ˈkɔnsept] n.概念; 观念; 想法economy[iˈkɔnəmi] n.节约, 节省经济体制, 经济状况identify[aiˈdentifai] vt.认出, 识别支持, 同情vt. & vi.等同于; 有关联major[ˈmeidʒə] adj.较大的; 主要的; 严重的n.少校专业; 主修科目vi.〈美〉主修, 专攻research[riˈsə:tʃ] n.研究; 探讨vi.做研究, 探究, 研究, 探讨vt.从事…的研究, 为…而做研究|theory[ˈθiəri] n.学说理论, 原理意见, 看法consist[kənˈsist] vi.组成, 构成在于, 存在于environment[inˈvaiərənmənt] n.环境, 周围状况, 自然环境income[ˈinkəm] n.收入, 所得, 收益method[ˈmeθəd] n.方法, 办法秩序, 条理respond[riˈspɔnd] vi.有反应; 有效果; 有影响vt. & vi.回答; 回报; 响应vary[ˈvɛəri] vi.呈现不同vt. & vi.(使)变化, 改变Sublist 2achieve[əˈtʃi:v] vt.取得, 获得实现, 达到, 完成community[kəˈmju:niti] n.社区, 社会, 团体大众, 公众共有, 共享design[diˈzain] n.图样, 设计图设计, 布局目的, 打算vt.计划, 筹划vt. & vi.设计, 绘制、institute[ˈinstitju:t] n.协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院vt.建立, 制定; 开始, 着手potential[pəˈtenʃəl] adj.潜在的, 有可能的n.潜力, 潜势, 可能性restrict[risˈtrikt] vt.限制; 约束acquire[əˈkwaiə] vt.获得, 得到, 养成complex[ˈkɔmpleks] adj.由许多部分组成的, 复合的复杂的, 难懂的n.综合体, 集合体〈心〉情结, 夸大的情绪反应distinct[disˈtiŋkt] adj.截然不同的, 完全分开的清晰的, 明白的, 明显的invest[inˈvest] vt.授予vt. & vi.投资; 花费previous[ˈpri:viəs] adj.先前的, 以前的过早的, 过急的secure[siˈkjuə] adj.牢固的; 可靠的有把握的; 确切的vt.握紧; 关牢使安全(使)获得; 把…弄到手administer[ədˈministə] vt.管理, 支配给予执行, 实施compute[kəmˈpju:t] vt.计算, 估算!element[ˈelimənt] n.(化学)元素成分, 要素, 原件一伙人基础, 纲要, 原理item[ˈaitəm] n.一项, 一件, 一条; 项目primary[ˈpraiməri] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最初的; 初级的seek[si:k] vi.企图; 试图vt.请求, 征求; 求教vt. & vi.寻找; 探寻affect[əˈfekt] vt.影响感动假装conclude[kənˈklu:d] vt.得出结论; 断定决定vt. & vi.结束equate[iˈkweit] vt.认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿journal[ˈdʒə:nl] n.杂志, 期刊日志, 日记purchase[ˈpə:tʃəs] n.购买, 购置买到的东西vt.购买select[siˈlekt] adj.精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的, 选择严格的vt.选择; 挑选appropriate[əˈprəupriit] adj.适当的, 恰当的vt.挪用; 占用; 盗用拨出(款项)—conduct[kənˈdʌkt] n.举止, 行为管理(方式), 实施(方式) vt. & vi.引导, 带领, 担任指挥控制, 管理传导evaluate[iˈvæljueit] vt.评价, 估计, 估价maintain[meinˈtein] vt.保持; 继续保养, 维护坚持; 主张供给; 赡养range[reindʒ] n.一系列变化幅度, 范围射程, 距离(山)脉vi.变化vt.排列site[sait] n.位置, 场所, 地点vt.使坐落在; 设置aspect[ˈæspekt] n.方面方位, 朝向面貌, 模样, 神态consequent[ˈkɔnsikwənt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的feature[ˈfi:tʃə] n.特征, 特色面貌, 相貌特写, 专题节目(电影的)正片, 故事片normal[ˈnɔ:məl] adj.正常的, 平常的正规的; 标准的region[ˈri:dʒən] n.地区; 地带; 区域; 范围strategy[ˈstrætidʒi] n.战略学, 兵法战略, 策略策略, 计谋-assist[əˈsist] vt. & vi.帮助, 促进construct[kənˈstrʌkt] vt.修建, 建立构成, 组成final[ˈfainəl] adj.最后的, 最终的决定性的, 确定性的n.决赛(大学的)期终考试obtain[əbˈtein] vi.通行; 流行vt.获得, 得到; 买到regulate[ˈreɡjuleit] vt.控制, 管理调整; 调节survey[səˈvei] n.调查vt.眺望; 纵览测量; 勘察检查, 鉴定通盘考虑, 回顾category[ˈkætiɡəri] n.种类, 类别consume[kənˈsju:m] vt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽大吃, 大喝烧毁, 毁灭focus[ˈfəukəs] n.焦点, 焦距; 中心vt. & vi.(使)集中, (使)聚集调整(镜头, 眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清participate[pɑ:ˈtisipeit] vt. & vi.参加, 参与relevant[ˈreləvənt] adj.有关的, 切题的#text[tekst] n.正文, 本文原文, 全文教科书, 课本chapter[ˈtʃæptə] n.章, 回, 篇credit[ˈkredit] n.赊购; 赊购制度存款; 存款数额借款; 贷款赞扬, 荣誉, 功劳信任, 相信学分vt.相信, 信任把…记入贷方, 存入(账户)impact[ˈimpækt] n.影响, 作用冲击(力), 碰撞vt. & vi.对某事物有影响perceive[pəˈsi:v] vt.感觉, 察觉, 理解reside[riˈzaid] vi.居住; 定居tradition[trəˈdiʃən] n.传统惯例commission[kəˈmiʃən] n.授权, 委托委员会佣金, 回扣vt.委任, 委托culture[ˈkʌltʃə] n.文化休养, 教养, 精神文明养殖, 培养, 栽培vt.培植, 培养injure[ˈindʒə] vt.伤害, 损害positive[ˈpɔzitiv] adj.确实的, 明确的积极的; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的, 确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的, 阳性的完全的; 纯粹的n.〈语〉原级形容词确实; 正量, 正数正片…resource[riˈsɔ:s] n.资源(必要时可给予)帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智; 机敏; 创造精神transfer[trænsˈfə:] n.转移; 转让; 转录中转, 换乘, 改变路线vt.转让vt. & vi.转移; 迁移Sublist 3alternative[ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv] adj.两者择一的, 供替代的不寻常的, 非传统性的非正统的n.取舍, 抉择, 可供选择的事物选择的余地, 可供选择的机会convene[kənˈvi:n] vt. & vi.召开, 召集emphasis[ˈemfəsis] n.强调, 重点interact[ˌɪntərˈækt] vi.相互作用[影响], 互相配合philosophy[fiˈlɔsəfi] n.哲学人生哲学, 人生观达观sex[seks] n.性别; 性男性; 女性性关系性活动, 性行为circumstance[ˈsə:kəmstəns] n.环境, 条件, 情况境遇, 经济状况coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit] adj.同等的, 并列的n.〈数〉坐标vt.使协调; 使调和】ensure[inˈʃuə] vt.确保, 担保担保获得[避免]justify[ˈdʒʌstifai] vt.证明…有理; 为…辩护physical[ˈfizikəl] adj.身体的, 肉体的物质的自然规律的, 按自然法则的自然(界)的物理学的n.身体检查, 体格检查shift[ʃift] n.转换, 转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋, 手段切换键vi.快速行进vt. & vi.改变, 变换, 转移, 移动去掉; 摆脱掉换挡comment[ˈkɔment] n.评论, 意见, 解释, 批评vt. & vi.评论; 谈论core[kɔ:] n.果核核心, 精髓, 要点exclude[iksˈklu:d] vt.排除; 不包括在内layer[ˈleiə] n.层, 层次proportion[prəˈpɔ:ʃən] n.均衡; 相称, 协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系; 比例部分; 份儿specify[ˈspesifai] vt.详述指定compensate[ˈkɔmpenseit] vt. & vi.补偿, 报酬`corporate[ˈkɔ:pərit] adj.社团的, 法人的framework[ˈfreimwə:k] n.构架; 结构link[liŋk] n.环, 联系, 纽带vt. & vi.连接, 联系publish[ˈpʌbliʃ] vt. & vi.出版公布sufficient[səˈfiʃənt] adj.足够的; 充足的component[kəmˈpəunənt] n.成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件correspond[ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd] vi.相符合, 相一致相当, 相类似通信fund[fʌnd] n.基金, 专款现款; 资金储备, 蕴藏vt.为…提供资金, 给…拨款locate[ləuˈkeit] vt.找出, 指出(地点或位置) vt. & vi.(在…)设置, 坐落于react[riˈækt] vi.起反应; 有影响反对; 对抗task[tɑ:sk] n.工作; 任务; 差事，consent[kənˈsent] n.准许, 同意, 赞成vi.同意; 赞成criteria[kraɪˈtɪərɪə] n.标准illustrate[ˈiləstreit] vt.给…加插图说明, 阐明; 表明maximise[ˈmæksimaiz] vt.使(某事物)增至最大限度最大限度地利用(某事物) register[ˈredʒistə] n.登记(表), 注册(簿)记录器暖气, 调风器vt. & vi.记录; 登记; 注册显出注意到, 记住technical[ˈteknikəl] adj.技术的; 应用科学的艺术的, 工艺的(指书等)要求有专门知识的, 使用术语的, 专业的considerable[kənˈsidərəbl] adj.相当大(或多)的deduce[diˈdju:s] vt.推论, 演绎immigrate[ˈimiɡreit] vi.移入minor[ˈmainə] adj.较小的, 较少的, 低级的, 次要的n.未成年人副修科目rely[riˈlai] vi.信任; 信赖; 依赖, 依靠[technique[tekˈni:k] n.技巧, 手法, 技术技能constant[ˈkɔnstənt] adj.始终如一的, 恒久不变的不断的, 连续发生的忠实的, 忠诚的demonstrate[ˈdemənstreit] vi.举行示威游行(或集会) vt.说明, 演示论证, 证明显示, 表露imply[imˈplai] vt.暗示, 暗指必然包含negate[niˈɡeit] vt.取消, 使无效否定; 否认remove[riˈmu:v] vi.迁移; 移居vt.移走; 排除开除technology[tekˈnɔlədʒi] n.科技(总称); 工艺; 应用科学工业技术constrain[kənˈstrein] vt.强迫, 强使; 限制, 约束document[ˈdɔkjumənt] n.公文, 文件, 文献vt.证明记录, 记载initial[iˈniʃəl] adj.最初的, 开头的outcome[ˈautkʌm] n.结果）scheme[ski:m] n.阴谋, 诡计计划, 方案vt. & vi.策划; 图谋valid[ˈvælid] adj.正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的contribute[kənˈtribjut] vi.起促成作用vt. & vi.捐献, 捐助, 贡献出撰稿, 投稿dominate[ˈdɔmineit] vt.耸立于, 俯临vt. & vi.控制, 支配, 统治在…中占首要地位instance[ˈinstəns] n.例子, 实例partner[ˈpɑ:tnə] n.伙伴, 同伙, 合伙人, 股东同伴, 搭档配偶, 情人vt.做…的搭档sequence[ˈsi:kwəns] n.有关联的一组事物, 一连串先后次序, 顺序, 连续volume[ˈvɔlju:m] n.卷, 册, 书卷体积; 容积, 容量音量, 响度Sublist 4access[ˈækses] n.通道, 入口接近[取得]…的方法[权利等] vt.存取(计算机文件) communicate[kəˈmju:nikeit] vi.通讯; 交际, 交流相连; 相通vt. & vi.传达; 表达￥error[ˈerə] n.错误过失, 失误internal[inˈtə:nəl] adj.内部的国内的, 内政的体内的parallel[ˈpærəlel] adj.(指至少两条线)平行的类似的; 相对应的n.平行线[面]极相似的人[事物]类似(点), 相似(之处)比较纬线, 纬圈vt.与…平行; 与…相当resolve[riˈzɔlv] vt.(指委员会或集会)表决解决(问题、疑问等)分解, 解析(某物) vt. & vi.决定; 决心adequate[ˈædikwit] adj.充分的, 足够的适当的, 胜任的concentrate[ˈkɔnsəntreit] vt.浓缩vt. & vi.专心于; 注意集中, 聚集ethnic[ˈeθnik] adj.种族的, 部落的某文化群体的investigate[inˈvestiɡeit] vt.调查; 审查parameter[pəˈræmitə] n.(限定性的)因素, 特性, 界限〈物〉〈数〉参量, 参数retain[riˈtein] vt.保持; 保留止住; 容纳annual[ˈænjuəl] adj.每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的n.一年生植物年刊, 年报, 年鉴'confer[kənˈfə:] vi.〈拉〉商谈, 商议vt.授予, 赋予goal[ɡəul] n.球门进球得的分努力的对象, 目标job[dʒɔb] n.职业, 职位(一件)工作职责, 责任phase[feiz] n.阶段, 时期(月亮、行星的)位相vt.分阶段计划[安排]series[ˈsiəri:z] n.连续的同类事物, 系列串联apparent[əˈpærənt] adj.显然的, 明白的, 清晰可见的表面上的, 貌似(真实)的contrast[ˈkɔntræst] n.对比, 对照差异, 差别对照物, 明显的对比物vt. & vi.对比, 对照grant[ɡrɑ:nt] n.补助金, 助学金, 津贴vt.准许; 答应给予承认label[ˈleibəl] n.标签, 标记称号; 符号; 标示vt.贴标签于把…列为predict[priˈdikt] vt. & vi.预言; 预测; 预示statistic[stəˈtistik] adj.统计的,统计学的n.统计量$approximate[əˈprɔksimit] adj.近似的, 大约的vt. & vi.近似, 接近cycle[ˈsaikl] n.循环, 周期自行车, 摩托车vi.骑自行[摩托]车hence[hens] adv.从此时起, 从此处因此, 所以mechanism[ˈmekənizəm] n.机械装置构造, 机制办法, 技巧, 途径principal[ˈprinsəpəl] adj.最重要的; 主要的n.负责人, 校长资本, 本金被代理人, 委托人status[ˈsteitəs] n.身份, 地位情形, 状况attitude[ˈætitju:d] n.态度, 看法姿态, 姿势debate[diˈbeit] n.讨论, 辩论vt. & vi.辩论, 争论hypothesis[haiˈpɔθisis] n.假说, 假设, 前提obvious[ˈɔbviəs] adj.明显的; 显而易见的prior[ˈpraiə] adj.优先的; 在前的; 较早的、stress[stres] n.压力, 紧张强调, 重要性重力重音vt.重读强调attribute[əˈtribju:t] n.属性, 特性vt.认为…是; 归因于…认为某作品出自某人之手认为某事[物]属于某人[物]despite[disˈpait] prep.不管, 尽管implement[ˈimplimənt] n.工具, 器具, 用具vt.使生效, 贯彻, 执行occupy[ˈɔkjupai] vt.占领; 占有使从事; 使忙于professional[prəˈfeʃənəl] adj.职业的, 专业的内行的, 有经验的有意的, 故意的n.具有某专业资格的人, 专业人士内行, 专家专门职业者, 职业选手subsequent[ˈsʌbsikwənt] adj.随后的, 继…之后的civil[ˈsivl] adj.公民的, 平民的; 非军职的, 非宗教的; 国民间的, 民用的民事的, 民法的文明的, 有教养的dimension[diˈmenʃən] n.尺寸, 度量方面, 部分规模, 程度implicate[ˈimplikeit] vt.牵连, 涉及option[ˈɔpʃən] n.选择(的自由)可选择的办法附件, 配件买卖选择权, 期权,project[prəˈdʒekt] n.项目, 计划, 方案, 课题vt.规划抛; 投; 射vt. & vi.伸出, 突出; 表达特点sum[sʌm] n.总数, 总和金额算术vt. & vi.合计总结, 归纳code[kəud] n.法典, 法规, 章程密码, 电码代号, 编码vt.将…译成电码domestic[dəˈmestik] adj.本国的, 国内的家庭的, 家用的驯养的impose[imˈpəuz] vi.利用, 占便宜; 欺骗vt.强迫, 强加课税, 惩罚output[ˈautput] n.产量输出, 输出功率promote[prəˈməut] vt.提升, 提拔筹划, 发起, 创立推销〈正〉促进; 推动; 增进summary[ˈsʌməri] adj.即刻的, 立即的匆忙的, 草率的概括的; 简要的n.摘要,概要commit[kəˈmit] vt.犯罪; 犯错承诺; 使自己受约束托付; 交付emerge[iˈmə:dʒ] vi.出现; 显出; 暴露integrate[ˈintiɡreit] vt.使结合成为整体vt. & vi.(使)融入！overall[ˈəuvərɔ:l] adj.总体的; 全面的; 综合的全面考虑的adv.大体上, 总的来说一切包括在内, 全部的n.长罩衣工装裤; 工作裤regime[reiˈʒi:m] n.政治制度, 政权, 政体undertake[ˌʌndəˈteik] vt.担任, 承揽; 保证着手, 开始Sublist 5academy[əˈkædəmi] n.专科学校研究院, 学会consult[kənˈsʌlt] vt.请教, 咨询; 找(医生)诊治翻阅, 查阅顾及, 考虑vt. & vi.商议, 商量evolve[iˈvɔlv] vt. & vi.演变; 进化licence[ˈlaisəns] n.许可证, 执照许可, 特许放纵, 放肆orient[ˈɔ:riənt] n.东方, 亚洲vt.使熟悉, 使适应使朝向; 使确定位置style[stail] n.风格, 格调; 文体行为方式, 作风种类, 类型; 流行式样; 款式风度; 格调; 气派adjust[əˈdʒʌst] vt. & vi.(改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正！contact[ˈkɔntækt] n.接触联系, 联络, 交往社会关系, 熟人, 门路触点, 接头vt. & vi.联系expand[iksˈpænd] vt. & vi.使…变大, 扩大, 扩张伸展, 伸开, 张开, 展开logic[ˈlɔdʒik] n.逻辑(学), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法perspective[pəˈspektiv] n.远景, 景前途; 希望透视透视图观点, 想法substitute[ˈsʌbstitju:t] vt. & vi.代替, 替换, 代用alter[ˈɔ:ltə] vt. & vi.改变, 更改decline[diˈklain] n.下降, 减少, 衰退vi.(太阳)落下vt. & vi.辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等)expose[iksˈpəuz] vt.曝光暴露; 显露揭露, 袒露margin[ˈmɑ:dʒin] n.页边空白边, 边缘差数, 差额; 余地precise[priˈsais] adj.精确的, 准确的恰好的; 正是的周密的, 细密的, 精细的sustain[səˈstein] vt.承受, 支撑维持长期保持; 使继续经受, 遭受:amend[əˈmend] vt. & vi.改良; 修改, 修订discrete[disˈkri:t] adj.分离的, 不相关联的external[eksˈtə:nl] adj.外面的, 外部的外观的, 表面的外国的medical[ˈmedikəl] adj.医学的, 医疗的, 医术的内科的prime[praim] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最好的, 第一流的n.全盛时期vt.使准备好, 使完成准备工作事先指导, 事先向…提供情况symbol[ˈsimbəl] n.象征, 标志符号, 记号aware[əˈwɛə] adj.意识到的, 知道的draft[drɑ:ft] n.草稿, 草案, 草图汇票应召入伍者; 特遣队vt.起草, 画草图, 草拟选派, 抽调征募, 征召…入伍facilitate[fəˈsiliteit] vt.使便利, 减轻…的困难mental[ˈmentl] adj.精神的, 头脑的, 心理的, 智力的精神病的psychology[saiˈkɔlədʒi] n.心理学心理; 心理特点《target[ˈtɑ:ɡit] n.(射击的)靶子(欲达到的)目[指]标(服务的)对象; (攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物capacity[kəˈpæsiti] n.容量, 容积才能, 能力身份, 职位enable[iˈneibl] vt.使能够; 提供做…的权利[措施]使可能fundamental[ˌfʌndəˈmentəl] adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的n.基本原则, 基本法则modify[ˈmɔdifai] vt.修饰vt. & vi.修改, 更改pursue[pəˈsju:] vt.追捕, 追击追求继续; 从事, 经营transit[ˈtrænsit] n.搬运; 载运; 运输challenge[ˈtʃælindʒ] n.挑战, 邀请比赛怀疑, 质问艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑考验energy[ˈenədʒi] n.活力, 干劲, 能力精力〈物〉能, 能量, 能源generate[ˈdʒenəreit] vt.生成, 产生引起, 导致monitor[ˈmɔnitə] n.监视器, 监听器; 检测器(学校)班长; 纠察员vt.监听, 监视监测, 检测*ratio[ˈreiʃiəu] n.比, 比率trend[trend] n.趋势, 倾向流行clause[klɔ:z] n.从句(法律文件等的)条款enforce[inˈfɔ:s] vt.实施, 执行强迫, 迫使generation[ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] n.同时代的人, 一代人, 一代产生, 发生network[ˈnetwə:k] n.网状物(电视与计算机)网络, 网状系统广播网, 电视网reject[riˈdʒekt] n.被拒货品, 不合格产品vt.拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回舍弃, 排斥, 退掉version[ˈvə:ʃən] n.(个人对事件的)描述, 说法, 看法版本, 形式译本, 剧本compound[ˈkɔmpaund] n.复合物, 化合物(筑有围墙的)院子, (围起来的)场地vt.使混合, 使合成使严重; 使恶化entity[ˈentiti] n.实体, 独立存在体, 实际存在物image[ˈimidʒ] n.形象, 概念镜像, 影像, 图像印象酷似的人[物], 翻版比喻, 引喻, 明喻外形, 外表, 模样(notion[ˈnəuʃən] n.概念, 观念, 看法突然的念头, 奇想; 意图, 打算revenue[ˈrevənju:] n.收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收welfare[ˈwelfɛə] n.健康, 幸福, 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利(制度)conflict[ˈkɔnflikt] n.战斗, 斗争冲突, 抵触, 争论vi.抵触, 冲突equivalent[iˈkwivələnt] adj.相等的, 相当的liberal[ˈlibərəl] adj.心胸宽阔的, 无偏见的慷慨的, 大方的开放的; 主张变革的自由的, 不拘一格的n.宽容大度的人自由主义者objective[əbˈdʒektiv] adj.客观的; 不带偏见的n.目标; 目的stable[ˈsteibl] adj.稳定的; 安定的沉稳[持重]的whereas[hwɛərˈæz] conj.但是, 而Sublist 6abstract[ˈæbstrækt] adj.抽象的抽象派的n.抽象, 抽象概念, 抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要, 梗概vt.提取, 抽取做…的摘要·capable[ˈkeipəbl] adj.有能力的, 有技能的exceed[ikˈsi:d] vi.(在数量、质量上)突出, 领先vt.超过; 超越incidence[ˈinsidəns] n.发生率, 影响范围migrate[maiˈɡreit] vi.迁移; 移往recover[riˈkʌvə] vi.恢复健康(体力、能力等) vt.恢复; 重新获得, 找回〈正〉恢复(适当的状态或位置)accurate[ˈækjurit] adj.精确的, 准确的正确无误的cite[sait] vt.引用, 举例表彰, 嘉奖传唤, 传讯expert[ˈekspə:t] adj.专家的, 内行的, 熟练的n.专家, 能手incorporate[inˈkɔ:pəreit] vt.包含, 加上, 吸收把…合并, 使并入组成公司minimum[ˈminiməm] adj.最低的, 最小的n.最低限度, 最小量reveal[riˈvi:l] vt.显示; 露出泄露; 透露]acknowledge[əkˈnɔlidʒ] vt.承认, 供认告知已收到鸣谢, 感谢cooperate[kəuˈɔpəreit] vi.合作; 配合, 协助explicit[iksˈplisit] adj.详述的, 明确的, 明晰的直言的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露骨的index[ˈindeks] n.索引标志, 象征; 量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数, 幂vt.给…编索引, 指示出ministry[ˈministri] n.(政府的)部scope[skəup] n.余地, 机会(处理、研究事务的)范围aggregate[ˈæɡriɡit] n.〈正〉数, 总计vt.总计达… vt. & vi.(使)聚集discriminate[disˈkrimineit] vi.歧视, 有差别地对待vt. & vi.分别, 辨别, 区分federal[ˈfedərəl] adj.联邦(制)的联邦政府的inhibit[inˈhibit] vt.阻止; 抑制motive[ˈməutiv] n.动机, 目的、subsidy[ˈsʌbsidi] n.补贴, 津贴, 补助金allocate[ˈæləkeit] vt.分配, 分派把…拨给display[disˈplei] n.陈列, 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等vt.陈列, 展览显示, 显露fee[fi:] n.费, 酬金initiate[iˈniʃieit] vt.开始, 着手传授; 使初步了解接纳新成员, 让…加入neutral[ˈnju:trəl] adj.中立的, 不偏不倚的中立(国家)的暗淡的; 非彩色的(化学中)中性的不带电的n.(汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置中立人士; 中立国tape[teip] n.带子录音磁带; 录像带vt.用带子捆起来vt. & vi.录音assign[əˈsain] vt.分配; 交给指派, 选派指定, 订出diverse[daiˈvəs] adj.不同的, 多种多样的flexible[ˈfleksəbl] adj.易弯曲的, 柔韧的灵活的, 可变通的input[ˈinput] n.输入, 投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据vt.把…输入电脑^nevertheless[ˌnevəðəˈles] adv.仍然, 然而, 不过conj.尽管如此, 然而trace[treis] n.踪迹; 痕迹; 形迹极微的量vt.追踪; 追溯发现; 找到描绘; 标出vt. & vi.缓慢而困难地书写attach[əˈtætʃ] vt. & vi.贴上; 系; 附上domain[dəuˈmein] n.范围, 领域版图, 领土地产, 产业furthermore[ˈfə:ðəˌmɔ:] adv.而且, 此外instruct[inˈstrʌkt] vt.命令, 指示教, 指导通知overseas[ˌəuvəˈsi:z] adj.(在)海外的, (在)国外的(向或来自)外国的adv.在[向]海外; 在[向]国外transform[trænsˈfɔ:m] vt. & vi.改变author[ˈɔ:θə] n.著作家, 作者创造者, 创始人; 发起人edit[ˈedit] vt.剪辑(电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等) vt. & vi.编辑gender[ˈdʒendə] n.〈语〉性%intelligent[inˈtelidʒənt] adj.聪明的; 理解力强的precede[ˌpriˈsi:d] vt. & vi.在…之前, 先于transport[trænsˈpɔ:t] vt.运送; 流放使万分激动bond[bɔnd] n.联系, 关系连接, 接合, 结合有息债券合同, 契约, 票据vt.使粘结, 使结合enhance[inˈhɑ:ns] vt.提高, 增加, 加强ignorant[ˈiɡnərənt] adj.无知的, 愚昧的interval[ˈintəvəl] n.间隔时间幕间休息presume[priˈzju:m] vi.冒昧地做某事; 错用自作主张, 放肆vt.以为; 假定underlie[ˌʌndəˈlai] vt.位于或存在于(某物)之下构成…的基础(或起因); 引起brief[bri:f] adj.短暂的, 短时间的简洁的, 简短的n.概要, 摘要vt.向…介绍基本情况, 作…的摘要estate[isˈteit] n.土地, 地区庄园, 种植园地产, 财产; 遗产|incentive[inˈsentiv] n.激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因, 动机lecture[ˈlektʃə] n.演讲; 讲课冗长的训斥[谴责] vt.责备, 教训, 训斥vt. & vi.(向…)演讲; (给…)讲课rational[ˈræʃənl] adj.神智清楚的理性的; 理智的; 合理的; 出于理性的utilize[ˈju:tilaiz] vt.利用, 使用Sublist 7adapt[əˈdæpt] vt.改编, 改写vt. & vi.(使)适应, (使)适合contrary[ˈkɔntrəri] adj.相反的, 相违的n.相反, 反面, 对立面empirical[emˈpirikəl] adj.以观察或实验为依据的identical[aiˈdentikəl] adj.同一的phenomenon[fiˈnɔminən] n.现象特殊的人[事物]submit[səbˈmit] vi.屈服, 认输vt.提交, 呈递〈正〉建议, 主张, 申辩|adult[ˈædʌlt] adj.成熟的成年人的, 适宜于成年人的n.成年的人或动物convert[kənˈvə:t] vt. & vi.(使)转变, (使)转化皈依, 改变(信仰)equip[iˈkwip] vt.装备, 配备使有能力, 使胜任ideology[ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi] n.思想(体系), 思想意识priority[praiˈɔriti] n.优先权, 重点优先考虑的事successor[səkˈsesə] n.接替的人或事物, 继任者, 继承人advocate[ˈædvəkeit] n.提倡者, 拥护者辩护律师, 辩护人vt.提倡, 主张couple[ˈkʌpl] n.一对, 一双一些, 几个夫妻, 情侣vt.连接, 联结, 联系extract[iksˈtrækt] n.摘录, 引用提炼物, 浓缩物vt.(费力地)拔出, 抽出提取, 榨出infer[inˈfə:] vt.推断, 推知prohibit[prəˈhibit] vt.禁止; 阻止、survive[səˈvaiv] vi.幸存, 活下来vt.比…活得长, 经历…之后还存在aid[eid] n.帮助, 援助, 救助助手, 辅助物, 辅助手段vt.帮助, 援助decade[ˈdekeid] n.十年, 十年间file[fail] n.文件夹, 公文箱卷宗, 文件; 计算机文件纵列vi.排成纵队前进vt.把…归档提交(申请等), 呈递用锉锉innovate[ˈinəuveit] vi.改革, 创新publication[ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən] n.发表, 公布出版, 刊行, 发行出版物, 书刊thesis[ˈθi:sis] n.论题, 命题, 论点论文, 毕业(或学位)论文channel[ˈtʃænl] n.海峡通道; 水沟, 水渠渠道, 途径频道definite[ˈdefinit] adj.明确的, 确切的一定的, 肯定的finite[ˈfainait] adj.有限的, 有限度的〈语〉限定的insert[inˈsə:t] n.添入物(尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图) vt.插入, 嵌入quote[kwəut] vt.提到…以支持某论点报(价); 开(价) vt. & vi.引用, 援引topic[ˈtɔpik] n.题目, 论题, 话题chemical[ˈkemikəl] adj.化学的n.化学药品deny[diˈnai] vt.否认知情拒绝foundation[faunˈdeiʃən] n.建立, 设立, 创办基础, 基本原理, 根据地基基金(会)intervene[ˌɪntəˈvi:n] vi.干涉, 干预; 调解干扰, 阻碍release[riˈli:s] n.释放, 排放, 解除释放令公映的新影片, 发布的新闻[消息] vt.释放; 放开发布; 发行; 发售transmit[trænzˈmit] vt.传播, 传染传导vt. & vi.发射, 播送, 广播classic[ˈklæsik] adj.(著作, 赛事等)最优秀的, (可作)典范的(病例等)典型的, 标准的(衣服, 设计等)传统式样的, 典雅的(因为时已久)著名的; 传统的n.文豪, 大艺术家; 文学名著, 经典作品, 杰作优秀的典范differentiate[ˌdifəˈrenʃieit] vi.区别对待vt. & vi.区分, 区别, 辨别globe[ɡləub] n.地球, 世界球体; 球状物地球仪isolate[ˈaisəleit] vt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱离reverse[riˈvə:s] adj.相反的, 颠倒的, 反向的n.相反钱币的反面[背面]失败, 挫败vt. & vi.(使)反转; (使)颠倒; (使)翻转推翻, 取消使倒退, 逆转ultimate[ˈʌltimit] adj.最后的, 最终的基本的, 根本的最大的, 极限程度的comprehensive[ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] adj.广泛的, 综合的dispose[disˈpəuz] vt.布置使愿意或准备做vt. & vi.处理; 处置grade[ɡreid] n.(官阶、质量)等级, 品级, 阶段, 程度〈尤美〉 (考试或作业的)分数, 评分等级〈尤美〉 (学生受测试的)技巧水平(尤指音乐方面)〈美〉年级; (按年级划分的)小学生media[ˈmi:djə] n.媒体simulate[ˈsimjuleit] vt.假装模仿, 模拟unique[ju:ˈni:k] adj.独一无二的, 仅有的, 惟一的异常的, 特有的, 少见的comprise[kəmˈpraiz] vt.包含, 包括, 由…组成组成, 构成dynamic[daiˈnæmik] adj.有活力的, 强有力的不断变化的动力的, 动态的guarantee[ˌɡærənˈti:] n.保证, 保障; 保证书; 保用期担保, 担保人担保品, 抵押品vt.保证; 担保使(事情)可能发生mode[məud] n.方式, 样式样式, 风格sole[səul] adj.单独的, 惟一的专有的, 独占的visible[ˈvizəbl] adj.看得见的, 可见的, 有形的明显的, 可察觉到的confirm[kənˈfə:m] vt.证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认使巩固, 加强批准; 认可eliminate[iˈlimineit] vt.消除, 排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉hierarchy[ˈhaiərɑ:ki] n.等级制度统治集团, 领导层paradigm[ˈpærədaim] n.(一词的)词形变化表范例; 样式; 模范somewhat[ˈsʌmhwɔt] adv.稍微, 有点, 达到某种程度voluntary[ˈvɔləntəri] adj.自愿的, 志愿的义务的, 无偿的。