倒装,while%20用法[1]

倒装

一英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为类，一是部分倒装，二是完全倒装。前者指主语和助动词倒置，后者指主语和谓语完全倒置。

二、部分倒装的用例

1。使用部分倒装的情形比较复杂，如在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：

I shall never forgive him. =Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。

He seldom goes out for dinner.=Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。

She hardly has time to listen to music. =Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。

He little realizes how important this meeting is. =Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。

We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. =No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。

2。 Only 加状语或状语从句放在句首

Only in this way can we improve our English。

Only after you left， did I find this bag。

3． So 放在句首，表示前面所陈述的也适用于另外一个人。Neither， nor

I like traveling。 So does he。

4． Often， many a time 时间频率的词放在句首

Often did we warn him not to do so。

5．虚拟条件句省去if时，将 should， were， had 提到主语之前。

Should it rain， all the corps would be saved。

6． As， though 引导的表示虽然尽管的让步状语从句用于倒装语序时，把从句的表语或状语放到as/though 前面。

Young as/ though she is ， she would work out the problem alone。

7．So busy is he that he has no time to play with his daughter. 的确是一种部分倒装。因为，英语的部分倒装涉及这样一种情形：当so…that句式中的“so+形容词或副词”位于句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。(was 与 the weather 倒装)

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。(was 与 the attack 倒装)

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。(does light travel 为 light travel 之倒装)

三、完全倒装的用例

1。如表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：

Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。

There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。

Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

2。地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：

Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。

Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。

The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。

3．为了保持句子平衡，强调表语和状语，使句子上下紧密连接。

At the entrance of the valley stood a old man。

Round the corner came a motorcycle。

四．注意几个容易出错的场合：

①Not until位于句首引导状语从句，或only位于句首修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装，主句倒装。例如：

Not until he was eight, did he go to school.

Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work.

②以下情况的主谓都不倒装：表示时间、地点、方位的副词位于句首，其主语是人称代词时；so位于句首表示强调时；only位于句首不修饰状语或状语从句时。例如：

Out he rushed.

She is very beautiful and so she is.

Only this way can improve your English.

③as位于句首引导让步状语从句时主谓不倒装，只须把表语提到as前，且作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。例如：

Tired as he felt, he kept on working.

Child as he was, he could work out the problem.

P35 While 的用法

连词while大致有以下四种用法:

1.引导时间状语从句,意为"当……的时候;和……同时",此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生,从句谓语通常是延

续性动词。如:

Mary watched TV while she ate her supper.玛丽边吃饭边看电视。

While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.她听着收音机睡着了。

while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有be,则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。如:

We are teachers while (we are) serving as students.我们边当老师边当学生。

While (he was) yet a youth, he gained many prizes.他年轻时就曾多次获奖。