2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题文章主旨大意类型典题例举(5页word版)
2019年高考语文二轮专题二 散文阅读含答案
专题二散文阅读高考专题复习·语文授课提示：对应学生用书第15页散文之所以难读懂，就在于形散而神聚。
怎样将“散形”用“线索”串起，透过“散形”聚焦“主旨”，这是一个把握文章结构，理清行文思路的问题。
具体来说，应当具有三种意识。
一、散文阅读的三种意识(一)整体阅读意识整体阅读是散文阅读最基本的原则与方法，它可以使做题建立在宏观把握的基础上，增加做题的理性分析成分，从而提高解题的准确度。
文章的结构是作者为了表达中心意思对写作材料进行精心安排的结果，是行文思路的具体体现。
阅读一篇散文，首先必须大致了解散文结构，知道题目是什么，共几个段落，线索是什么，内容方向是什么。
(二)段落摘要意识段落摘要就是要摄取散文段落的精华和要点，以便更好地把握散文的结构层次和行文思路。
要针对散文的内容，进行认真思考，逐段分析散文的段意，再看哪些段落集中表达一个意思，划分小层，理清散文的各个段落之间的联系，找出文中的过渡段、过渡句以及上下照应的地方，把握重点段落的中心句、支撑句等内容。
(三)提取线索意识思路是作者思维的轨迹，如能找出贯穿全文的线索，就能很快地理清散文的思路。
一篇散文，不管是整篇文章，还是局部语段，往往有一条线索贯穿其中，正是由于这条线索，文章或段落之间才会井然有序。
常用的文章线索主要有：(1)以具体事物为线索；(2)以人物为线索；(3)以中心事件为线索；(4)以思想感情变化为线索；(5)以时间推移或空间变换为线索；(6)以“我”的所见所闻为线索。
二、散文阅读的考查特点综合考查形式看，散文的考查呈现如下特点：(1)选材范围。
散文阅读的考查一般会选取中国现当代散文，尤其是那些紧扣时代脉搏，具有丰厚的文化底蕴，渗透着鲜明民族情感和文化特色的散文作品。
(2)考查重点。
散文阅读的考查一般从以下几个角度命题：a、分析和概括作品内容；b、鉴赏作品的表达技巧；c、体会重要语句的丰富含意，品味精彩的语言表达艺术；d、欣赏作品的形象，赏析作品的内涵；e、对作品进行个性化阅读和有创意的解读。
2019年高考英语二轮复习精品资料：专题14：阅读理解 含解析
2019年高考英语二轮复习精品资料：专题14：阅读理解考点1 主旨大意题1.主旨大意题常分为两类：(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意。
2.主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。
研读近几年高考阅读理解，可以发现对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位。
【答题技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路：①寻找主题句，确定文章大意。
在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。
主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句)，因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。
做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。
②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。
寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上。
各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。
③抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。
不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。
阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。
分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
考点2 细节理解题1.此类题型一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。
完整2019高考英语二轮专题复习之阅读理解主旨大意题共91张
(3)选定标题的四大标准： 精——概括文章中心思想的语言要精练。 准——注意文章的内涵和外延，作者的观点表达得要准确。 统——标题要能统领文章的细节信息。 新——标题要新颖，对读者有吸引力，能激发读者的阅读兴趣。
三、解题方法与步骤 做这类题时常用略读法。略读法是抓段落要点的捷径。找出 各个段落的主题句，然后把它们联系起来就很容易概括出文章的 中心思想。 文章的标题是中心思想最精练的表达，标题要能概括文章的 主题，范围既不能过大也不能太片面。此外，在选择文章标题时， 还应注意语言方面的特点：精练、醒目、含义深刻等。 做题时要注意以下步骤： 1．先看问题，看题目是否和主旨、标题相关。 2．略读各个段落，找出主题句，要特别注意首尾两段。 3．联系主题句，概括主旨或标题。
The eight－part series(系列节目)，Save Money：Good Food， follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money：Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
2．做题方法 (1)要想正确解题，首先要了解标题的基本特点：浓缩性强， 多为一个短语；涵盖面广，一般要求能覆盖全文；精确度高，不 能随意改变文章的内容及要点信息。 (2)选定标题的基本原则。 ①要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是 否有密切的联系。
②看它对文章的概括是否准确，覆盖面是否够广。注意避免 下列三种错误：
高考英语阅读理解专题练习-主旨大意题
英语阅读理解专题指导－主旨大意题主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。
主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。
因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。
要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。
文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
常见的命题方式：What is the main idea of this passage?What dose this passage mainly concern?The main theme of this passage is_____________The main point of the passage is___________Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：1。
题句位于句首。
主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。
这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。
2。
主题句位于段末。
主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。
这种段落称作归纳型段落。
这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。
3. 主题句首尾呼应。
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。
阅读理解专项——主旨大意题课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
plastic products. 主题句 概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 海洋塑料转化为雕塑
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
可知，独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the
2019届高考英语二轮复习精准阅读理解-主旨大意二
高考专题阅读理解---主旨大意二1、Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times therehas been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populatedbyhunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when theworld had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, andtheir languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsoryeducation,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, allhave caused many languages todisappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages ishugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, oftenspoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europehas only around 200 languages; the Americas about1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia andthe Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. Themedian number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’slanguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800B.About 3,400C.About 2,400D.About 1,2004.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.2、I was really nervous about English class this year because I was an eleventh grader taking a twelfth grade class.I knew that I wouldn’t know anyone in the class,and that scared me a little.But since I didn’t know anyone,I had the chance to do something I love almost as much as socializing—people watching.One of the most interesting girls in the class sat directly behind me.She was always laughing and talking,and she just seemed so happy.She was friendly,too—she was one of the very few people in the class who made any attempt to acknowledge me.At the end of the year,we were assigned a big project.It was a very open-ended project,where the instructions were basically to read something,then read or watch something else that related to it,and then come up with a class presentation based on what you learned.The presentations were spread out over the last month of schoo1.The girl behind me presented on one of the very last days.She got up in front of the class,and told how she had read about eating disorders,because she herself had struggled with one.Since it would have been too difficult for herto talk to us about it directly,she and a friend(who had also suffered from an eating disorder)had made a movie,where they interviewed each other about their eating disorders,how they had felt while they were struggling with them,and how they had overcome them.By the end of the presentation,almost everyone was in tears.The most shocking thing about the whole presentation was how surprising it was.I never expected that she would have had a problem like that.She always seemed so happy and confident;it was hard to picture her counting calories because she thought she wasn’t good enough.You also never know what kind of impact you have had on people’s lives.The courage of the girl behind me to talk about something so personal,and her strength to ask for help and overcome her problems have inspired me.1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A.The writer was a twelfth-grader.B.The writer liked observing people.C.English was the writer’s weak subject.D.The writer had a few friends in the class.2.How did the writer find the girl friendly?A.She sat directly behind the writer.B.She attempted to disturb the writer.C.She was always laughing and talking.D.She said hello to the writer in some way.3.What is the 4th paragraph mainly about?A.The girl’s presentation.B.Eating disorders.C.A successful interview.D.A moving movie.4.What did the writer finally realize?A.The girl wasn’t good enough.B.The girl was always happy and confident.C.It takes long to really know a person.D.It is easy to overcome one’s problems.4、On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic.Coast piping plover.The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds(繁殖)along the Atlantic Coast, the Great Lakesand the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats(栖息地), threaten the species(物种). To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets.Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1500 km of breeding range. Thatequals about a third of the distance across the U.S., which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a real-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the U. S. Geologi cal Survey’sweb-based “iCoast—Did the Coast Change?” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal changes by comparing bird’s-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policy plans for addressing climate change impacts (影响) worldwide.1.What can we know about the piping plover?A.Its behaviour is changing.B.Its habitat is growing bigger.C.Its living environment is becoming worse.D.Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic Coast.2.Why did Thieler develop iPlover?A.To study shorelines across America.B.To advance information technology.C.To find out global climate change.D.To monitor changes of piping plover habitats.3.Which of the following benefits the shorebirds?A.The camping equipment.B.Research on smartphones.C.The changeable coast.D.Progress in technology.4.What would be the best title of the text?A.Protecting Endangered ShorebirdsB.Rob Thieler, a Creative ScientistC.IPlover, Tool for Training Field StaffD.Differences Between IPlover and ICoast5、Stonehenge,the world-famous circle of stone columns may have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother.University of Bradford researchers announced they had discovered about 100 stones covering several acres thought to have been built around 4,500 years ago. The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project discovered the monument, which is near Durrington Walls,also known as “superhenge”. Stonehenge,which is believed to have bee n completed 3,500 years ago,is about 2 miles away. “What we are starting to see is the largest surviving stone monument, preserved underneath a bank, that has ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in Europe,” Vince Gaffney.The evidence was found under 3 feet of earth. Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were toppled. “Our radar data has shown an amazing row of up to 90 standing stones,a number of which have survived after being pushed over, and a large bank placed over thestones,” said professor Wolfgang Neubauer, director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology.“In the east,up to 30 stones. " have survived below,” he said. “The extraordinary scale and details of the evidence produced by the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project, which the new discoveries at Durrington Walls, is changing greatly our understanding of Stonehenge and the world around it,” Neubauer added.“Everything written before about the St onehenge landscape and the ancient monuments within it will need to be rewritten,” said Paul Garwood, a scientist and lead historian on the project at the University of Birmingham. The findings were announced on the first day of the British Science Festival being held at the University of Bradford.pared to the Stonehenge,the superhenge is believed to be _______.A.1,000 years earlierB.1,000 years laterC.3,500 years earlierD.4,500 years earlier2.What do researchers think of the superhenge?A.It is the biggest monument discovered in the world.B.It was built much later than the Stonehenge.C.It is the largest surviving stone monument found in England.D.It is better protected than the Stonehenge.3.What do the underlined word “toppled” most probably mean?A.Set up.B.Pushed down.C.Moved away.D.Brought up.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.The southern England has many historic sitesB.The British Science Festival will be held againC.Bigger Brother to Stonehenge has been discoveredD.The Project at the University of Birmingham6、There were many great artists during the Renaissance. Perhaps the most famous are Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Other artists, however, also had great influence both during Renaissance times and later.Giotto di Bondone (1267 -1337) : Giotto is the first painter to be considered a Renaissance artist. He was hired to paint a Fresco in a family chapel(教堂)in Padua, Italy,known as the Arena Chapel. Fresco is a painting made on a wall while the plaster(灰泥) is still wet. Many people consider Giotto to be the father of the modem period of art.Jan van Eyck ( 1390 - 1441 ) : Jan van Eyck's early influences more than likely came from his brother Hubert. In fact, Jan would sometimes finish his brother’s works. The Ghent Altarpiece is an example of Jan finishing what Hubert started. Jan van Eyck perfected the technique of oil painting. He is often known as “the father of oil painting” because of all the new techniques and advances he made in oil painting.Masaccio (1401 -1428) : Masaccio was a famous painter of the Italian Renaissance. He lived a very short life and only a few of his paintings exist, but they were so different to the style of other artists around him that they helped other painters to see things in a new way. Masaccio is often called " the father of Renaissance painting". He introduced the painting of lifelike figures that had not been done previously in the Middle Ages.Raphael Sanzio (1483 - 1520): Raphael's paintings were known for their perfection. He was first taught art by his father. He also learned early techniques from Michelangelo and da Vinci. Raphael's influence on art has been great. He changed the way people looked at art, since he painted real life and emotions. He was one of the most detailed portraitists ever, and is considered as the genius(天才) of the High Renaissance.1.Who is considered to be the father of the modern period of art?A.Masaccio.B.Jan van Eyck.C.Raphael Sanzio.D.Giotto di Bondone.2.What was Masaccio’s co ntribution to the Renaissance art in the Middle Ages?A.He perfected the technique of oil painting.B.He was the first one to paint lifelike figures.C.He was the first one to paint on a wet plaster wall.D.He finished the Ghent Altarpiece started by Hubert.3.What do we know about Raphael Sanzio from the passage?A.He died in his twenties.B.He only had a few paintings.C.His father was his first art teacher.D.He was the most famous portraitist.4.What does the writer mainly intend to tell us?A.Some artists during the Renaissance.B.The history of the Renaissance.C.The success of some great people.D.Leonardo da Vinci and his friends.7、It was dawn of March 21, 2018. Gary Messina was on his morning run along New York City’8East River. Suddenly somet hing caught his eye—a large 60-year-old man balancing on the four-foot-high fence that guarded the path from the water. As Messina got closer to the scene, the man took a step forward and slipped into the dark river below.When Messina reached nearer, the man was struggling in the water, clearly unable to swim. Other joggers also heard the man’s cry. David Blauzvern and John Green dropped their phones and keys on land and jumped in.. “ People had called the police, but it was unclear when they’d get the re,” says Green. “We just reacted. Messina joined them in the river. Just as the jumper was losing strength, Blauzvern take hold of him. The pair were about 30 yards from the seawall when Messina and Green caught up to them. They seized the man, with Blauzvern supporting his back and Messina and Green holding him up from either side. As the men made their way toward the concrete seawall that stretched for blocks in each direction, Blauzvern had an awful realization:there was no way out of the river.By now, a crowd had gathered on land. “A rescue boat is on its way, someone yelled to them. Swimming forward was getting tougher by the minute. The jumper, who was six foot two andweighed around 260 pounds, was heavy in his rescuers’ arms. After ten minutes, they managed to get to the river’s edge. “I’ve never been so out of breath , ”says Blauzvern.Fifteen minutes after the men had jumped into the river, the two-man rescue boat appeared. But because it couldn’t risk getting too close to the seawall, the men had to swim out to it. “I was completely out of energy at this point, “ says Blauzver. The men in the water pushed the jumper while the men in the boat pulled him up and, finally, to safety. The man they had saved was taken to the hospital for evaluation(评估). Details on his condition have not been released. As for the rescuers, each of them was at work by 10:30a. m. “I was a bit late,” admits Blauzvern, smiling. “But I had a good excuse.”1.The story mainly centers around_________.A.why the old man slipped into the riverB.who saved . the old manC.how the old man was rescuedD.when and where the accident happened2.Who was the third to jump into the water and join in the rescue?A.Gary Messina.B.David Blauzvern.C.John Green.D.An unknown jogger.3.Of the following statements, which one sounds reasonable based on the passage?A.The rescued man is rather tall and fat.B.Police would never be found on the spot of rescue.C.The process of rescuing the man took up the whole morning.D.The man was actually saved by the two-man rescue boat.4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.The man wanted to commit suicide in the river.B.The men in the river were all good swimmers.C.The man was taken home immediately he was saved.D.Blauzvern felt at ease even if he was late for work that day.8、The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interru pted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold3、In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never very far away.We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom's vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn't care much about my bedtime.Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little Are going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel(桶) of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when I made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove me home.Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me. I hadn't turned 5 yet.As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder(驾雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped(包裹) heavily and wellsheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d'Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.1.What can be inferred about the author's family?A.His father was a cruel man.B.His parents didn't love him.C.His parents used to be very busy.D.His mother didn't have any jobs.2.What happened when the author was 4?A.He learned to smoke.B.He was locked in a basement.C.He was arrested by the police.D.He nearly caused a fire accident.3.Which of the following is TRUE?A.Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.B.The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.C.Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.D.The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.4.What is the author's purpose of writing the text?A.To look back on his childhood with adventures.B.To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.C.To express how much he misses Leonhard.D.To show off his pride in making trouble.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C解析：本文是一篇议论文。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题专题主旨要义(44页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题专题主旨要义【考纲解读】分析解读主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生必须在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。
它既考查阅读理解能力,又考查深层次推理、概括能力。
近五年考查主旨大意的试题的题量相对稳定,但考查深度、难度却不断增加,解题时需对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后,方可得出正确答案。
考查形式由原先简单的主题归纳变得综合性越来越强,同时文章的跳跃性强,隐含信息增多,常以标题归纳的形式出现,这就要求考生在理解文章主旨大意的基础上注意标题的三个特点:概括性、针对性和醒目性。
【命题探究】)voice acrossJazz seems like it not really a part ofLast year, Moran worked on a project that. Inas a Charlie Parker record gets us into a thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that thein C.Jazz being less popular with the young.【五年高考】Passage 1(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:317Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don expect it to show up in too many driveways. It expected to cost $279,000. And it won help if you stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A.It causes traffic jams.B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.D.It burns too much fuel.3.What is the government attitude to the development of the flying car?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Flying Car at Auto ShowB.The Transition First FlightC.Pilots Dream Coming TrueD.Flying Car Closer to Reality答案1.A2.CPassage 2(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:324The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down andthis often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stopdriving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older drivers problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologies.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.anize regular physical checkups.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A New Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC.Driving Services for EldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road答案3.B4.DPassage 3(2017浙江,A)词数:326Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitortold him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cat lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent sixengravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamin visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamin life as an artist.D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.B.He provided him with painting materials.C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D.He taught him how to make engravings.4.Williams two books helped Benjamin to .A.master the use of paintsB.appreciate landscape paintingsC.get to know other paintersD.make up his mind to be a painter答案1.C4.DPassage 4(2017天津,A)词数:307Suppose you in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after you clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send”too soonDon waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking “reply all”unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel .A.curiousB.tiredC.awfulD.funny2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to .A.apologise in a serious mannerB.tell the receiver to ignore the errorC.learn to write the name correctlyD.send a short notice to everyone3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “replyall”email?A.Try offering other choices.B.Avoid further involvement.C.Meet other staff members.D.Make a light-hearted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.B.By seeking support from the receiver friends.C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Defining email errors.B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents.D.Improving email writing.答案1.C2.A3.B4.D5.CPassage 5(2017北京,C)词数:358Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year,115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is ineven bigger danger.That exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimesjust by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that .A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsrmation about measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when .A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.答案1.A2.C3.D4.CPassage 6(2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:332The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, whena person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings ofsilence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural constructionof silence so that a patient silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to goon unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold答案1.C2.A3.D4.BPassage 7(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:254Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says,“The two thingsthat change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the“real”and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading:A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books:A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books答案1.B2.A3.C4.DPassage 8(2016四川,D)词数:255A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The morefat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk .A.started sleep more easilyB.were more anxiousC.were less activeD.woke up later2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?A.It been tested on mice for ten times.B.It can make people more energetic.C.It exists in milk in great amount.D.It used in sleeping drugs.3.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Night Milk and SleepB.Fat, Sugar and HealthC.An Experiment on Micek Drinking and Health4.How does the author support the theme of the text?A.By giving examples.B.By stating arguments.C.By explaining statistical data.D.By providing research results.答案1.B2.D3.A4.DPassage 9(2016北京,C)词数:359California Condor Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove themto dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout team thinks that the California condors average survival time in thewild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”1.California condors attract researchers interest because they .A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found only in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s2.Researchers have found electrical lines are .A.blocking condors journey homeB.big killers of California condorsC.rest places for condors at nighted to keep condors away3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning .A.makes condors too nervous to flyB.has little effect on condors kidneysC.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors bloodD.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4.This passage shows that .A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideout research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the problem答案1.D2.B3.D4.CPassage 10(2016天津,D)词数:385Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫)and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult.And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day work with the difficult task of essay-writing.Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can —then let the unconscious take over.When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.1.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .A.delay tasksB.work hardC.seek helpD.accept failure2.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?A.Writing essays in strict order.B.Building up physical strength.C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.D.Dealing with the hardest task first.3.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?A.Before starting a difficult task.B.When all the solutions fail.C.If the job is rather boring.D.After finding a way out.4.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .A.ignore mental problemsB.get some nice sleepC.gain complete reliefD.find the right solution5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Success Is Built upon FailureB.How to Handle Performance FatigueC.Getting over Fatigue:A Way to SuccessD.Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems答案1.A2.D3.B4.D5.CPassage 11(2016江苏,D)词数:720Not so long ago, most people didn know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future. However, one person wanted to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. Her times were not exactly impressive, but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few years later at Jamaica Olympic trials in early 2008, Shelly-Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73—the fourth fastest time ever.Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby.Maxime early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.It didn take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Ann victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman as well as a man world.As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions aren made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.”One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.1. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.。
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题 概括细节理解题典题例举(8页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题概括细节理解题典题例举细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。
间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大，命题的迷惑性更大，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。
考生不能从原文中直接找到答案，而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C节选)...Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)．Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize....30．What made Wang’s architectural design a success?A．The mixture of different shapes.B．The balance of East and West.C．The use of popular techniques.D．The harmony of old and new.[解析] 选D 根据选段第一段第三句“This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)．”和选段第二段第二句中的“Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture”可知，传统与现代元素的和谐共存是王澍建筑设计成功的秘诀，故选D。
专题1 阅读理解：主旨大意题-高考英语二轮复习
• (1)掌握部分的俚语习语有助于正确选择标题。
• (2)以偏概全、大而化之、张冠李戴不可有。
1. 标题提炼题——寻根溯源 画龙点睛
2020年全国Ⅱ卷·35
I have a special place in my heart for libraries… while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further— changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions…
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
2019高考英语二轮复习试题：第一模块阅读理解训练(四)“主旨大意题”重点练
训练（四）“主旨大意题”重点练China is embracing an era of sharing economy. After sharing bikes , sharing books are the next trend.The book-sharing programme at Sanxiaokou Xinhua Bookstore in Hefei , capital of Anhui Province , has been running for several months since its launch on July 16 , 2017. Customers are encouraged to borrow upto two books , from all books available in this store , for free via an app , pay 99 yuan online as the deposit and return the books within 10 days.A survey of 601 app users conducted by the company in late July found that more than 90 per centof the readers said they may want to keep some of the borrowed books permanently , but they don t want to visit the store again to complete the purchase. When another nine stores joined the book-sharing programme in August , the ability to purchase the borrowed books was made available on the app.Zhao Shiping , a manager of the Sanxiaokou store , said that the daily customer flow in the firstweek of the book-sharing programme was about 7 ,000 while the figure for the same period last year was5,000 to 6 ,000. So , book-sharing will reduce barriers for book purchasing and increase customer flow , which will increase the business value of the bookstore , its brand value and increase its value as apartner for companies outside the book sales sector.In addition to bookstores , banks have also joined the trend of book-sharing. Two branches of China Everbright Bank introduced book loan service at the end of this July. The service is free for seven days and 0.1 yuan is charged after that and 0.5 yuan after 21 days. Readers can return borrowed booksto any branch of the bank.This book-sharing project , a cooperation between China Everbright Bank and an app calledYoushugongdu , which translates as “let s read books together ”, will be expanded to other outletsto turn each outlet into a small community library with 1 ,000 to 2 ,000 books.1. What s the text mainly about ?A. Banks begin to sell books.B. People tend to share books online.C. A book-sharing programme has been running.D. Bookstores and banks join book-sharing economy.2. Which group is the benefit of book-sharing according to Paragraph 3 ?①Increasing the customer flow.②Bringing convenience to the bookstores.③Reducing the barriers for book purchasing.④I ncreasing the brand value of the bookstores.A. ①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④3. How much should you pay for borrowing a book from the China Everbright Bank for two weeks ?A. ¥ 0.1.B. ¥ 0.7.C. ¥ 1.4.D. ¥ 7.4. Where does the text most probably come from ?A. A newspaper.B. A science fiction.C. A technology guide.D. A teaching research paper.（二）Fikiri Kiponda s path from an accountant to a marine （海洋的） conservationist was sparked by a chance encounter. After securing his dream job , Kiponda decided he wanted more. He wasn t quite sure what he was looking for until he ran across some turtle hatchlings.He didn t know it was a turtle. Fortunately enough he got the right person to ask and he got motivated. That person was Nkindi , a staff member at the Watamu Conservation Project who later invited him to volunteer on the project. He later left his accounting job and fully devoted himself into the world of sea turtles. Now,he runs and spends his time nursing critically endangered sea turtles back to health.Sea turtles have been around for nearly 110 million years and are now considered highly endangered. Their preservation rests on activities of conservationists such as Kiponda as these turtles face numerous threats and signs of their extinction in the next 50 years.Local fishermen traditionally catch them to supplement their own low catch rates and sell themfor their oil. As changes are made to accommodate more hotels for tourists , there is less available beach land for turtle nesting., changing their attitude towards sea life Kiponda s passion has now spread to his communitypreservation with his “ by-catch release programme ”.Through this programme , fishermen are now paid for returning turtles accidentally caught in theirfishing nets. The healthy ones are tagged and released into the marine park while he takes care of sick and injured turtles back to health.Before the launch of pioneering spirit like this , turtles caught by fishermen were used for theirmeat and their oil extracted （提炼） for their medicinal properties.“ Releasing the turtle back into the ocean is a very good feeling. You feel like you ve donesomething concrete and I guess everybody would love to do that …so I guess it s unique work. ”5. What was Fikiri Kiponda s dream job according to the text ?A. An accountant.B. A marine conservationist.C. A guide to the Watamu Conservation Project.D. An advocate for turtles.6. What may be the main threat to the turtles ?A. The rising sea level.B. Being caught by tourists.C. Overdevelopment in the tourism.D. The reduction of their nesting place.7. Which of the following words can best describe Fikiri Kiponda ?A. Energetic but conservative.B. Enthusiastic and caring.C. Arbitrary but considerate.D. Ambitious and knowledgeable.8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text ?A. The man saving endangered sea turtlesB. A unique job of protecting sea turtlesC. A pioneer project protecting sea animalsD. The current situation faced by sea turtles（三）Most birds produce short , simple calls , but songbirds also have the ability of many complex vocal（发声的）patterns that help them attract mates, defend territory （领地）,and strengthen their social bonds.Each songbird species has its own unique song patterns , some with characteristic regional dialects.Experienced listeners can even distinguish individual birds by their unique songs.A lot of what scientists know about bird songs comes from studying zebra finches （斑胸草雀）.A baby male zebra finch typically learns to sing from its father or other males , starting while it s stilla baby bird in the nest. First comes the sensory learning stage , when the baby zebra finch hears thesongs sung around it and commits them to memory. The bird starts to vocalize during the motor learning stage , practising until it can match the song it memorized. As the bird learns , hearing the tutor s song over and over again is helpful ——up to a point. If it hears the song too many times , the imitation（模仿）becomes worse —and the source matters. If the song is played through a loudspeaker , he can t pick it up as easily. But hide the same loudspeaker inside a toy painted to look like a zebra finch , and his learning improves.What if the baby never hears another zebra finch s song? Interestingly enough, it ll sing anyway. Isolated finches still produce what are called innate songs or isolate songs. A specific tune might be taught , but the instinct to sing seems to exist in a songbird s brain. Innate songs sound different from the “ cultured ” songs learned from other finches at first. If isolated zebra finches start a new colony , the young birds pick up the isolate song from their fathers. But the song changes from generation to generation. And after a few generations , the melody actually starts to resemble thecultured songs sung by zebra finches in the wild.9. What can be learned from the first paragraph ?A. Songbirds don t make short , simple calls.B. Each songbird has its unique song patterns.C. Some songbirds can speak human regional dialects.D. Songbirds promote relations with others by singing.10. Which of the following is TRUE about a baby zebra finch s learning process ?A. It begins to learn to sing from its parents.B. The more it hears the song , the better it sings.C. Before practising , it has to remember the songs.D. A loudspeaker is good enough to be a good teacher.。
超实用高考英语复习：高考二轮复习阅读理解专题之主旨大意课件
应用文
32.段落主旨
说明文
31.文章主旨
记叙文
15.文章标题
议论文
35.文章标题
说明文
全国乙（II）
2019中考英语二轮复习阅读理解归纳主旨题(记叙文)
309教育网 309教育资源库 2019中考英语阅读理解：归纳主旨题（记叙文）1&2．北京中考试题D 篇议论文57题段落主旨（易）59题全文主旨——最佳标题（中）The willful blindness in hockey toward concussions(头部撞击) has dropped. Hockey Canada has followed thelead of USA Hockey in preventing bodychecking (身体拦截) below age 13. A bad head injury of Sidney Crosby, thehockey’s greatest star, opened the eyes of hockey people everywhere. Thiscountry’s children have been facing similar danger at early ages, and Hockey Canada had to deal with a deep worry in the minds of Canadians to make the rule change. The liking for bodychecking from an early age is part of what makes Canadian hockey what it is.The change in rules should be taken as a chance to draw special attention to skill development in an environment free of danger. It may also control the loss of thousands of young players who don’t enjoy that environment.For years, many Canadian hockey parents and coaches have insisted thatbodychecking at early ages is necessary to ensure that players can do it safely at older ages. True or not, there may be a safer way to teach hitting than to make younger players pay a price for it in head injuries. When USA Hockey changed its rules for the 2011-2012 season, it also created bodychecking-education programs that will be mandatory (强制的) for all coaches, including those teaching players in the pre-checking ages. And it began to encourage more “touch” — without realbodychecking — from 9 to 12. It also made the rules for 13 and up stricter. The USA is trying to show that it’s possible to teach hockey protective skills without putting 11 and 12-year-olds in greater danger. It’s worth the try.hockey。
专题07阅读理解——主旨大意题 2019年高考英语高频考点测试Word版含解析
【考点解读】一、题型特点和命题方式1.从考查的对象看，主旨大意题考查：(1) 篇章主旨大意。
该类题针对整个语篇的主题设问，主题句多出现在文章首段，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。
(2) 段落主旨大意。
该类题针对某段或某几段的主题设问。
主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.从考查的内容看，主旨大意题可分为主题类，即考查文章或段落的主旨大意和标题类，即考查文章最佳标题的选择。
主旨大意题常用main idea, main point, key point, main topic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about,best title等词语来表达。
二、常见的设问方式1. 标题类：(1)Which might be the best title for the passage?(2)Which of the following would be the best title for the text?(3)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?(4)Which of the following titles best sums up the whole passage?2. 中心类：(1)What does the text mainly talk about?(2)The main idea/key point of this passage is that(3)Whats the main idea/subject/topic of the passage?(4)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?3. 段意类：(1)What is the main idea of Paragraph 1/the last paragraph?(2)What does the author mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph?(3)Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 4?(4)What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?三、解题思路和应试技巧做主旨大意题应该从话题、主题段、主题句、语篇结构等方面入手，从全局的角度梳理文章脉络，并进行归纳概括。
2019高考英语二轮复习优选练阅读理解提升练主旨大意题1
精编优选练(十七)阅读理解——主旨大意题1(限时：25分钟)ADuring lunch all my friends were talking about their families' plans for winter break, and I was more than a little jealous (嫉妒的) since my parents couldn't take a vacation during Christmas week.I came home from school that day to find a newsletter from the Jewish Community (社区) Center, which contained an ad for an “alternative vacation” communityservice trip to New Orleans during Christmas week. I wondered whether cleaning neighborhoods destroyed by Hurricane Katrina and sleeping on the floor in a sleeping bag were really the way I wanted to spend Christmas vacation. I sent in an application anyway, went for an interview, and was actually very excited when I was accepted into the program.We arrived in New Orleans on December 23.First, we had dinner at a pizza place that had been destroyed by the hurricane. The owners told us about what they had gone through to rebuild their homes.On Christmas Eve, we spent the day removing garbage as part of a beautification project in the Lower Ninth Ward, which was most heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina.On Christmas Day, we worked at a center for homeless people. The people really appreciated our work, and we felt like we had made Christmas a little more special for them.My favorite project was helping at an animal rescue center. We walked the animals, cleaned their places, and fed them. Six thousand dogs and cats, separated from their owners, were rescued by that shelter after the hurricane.When I returned to New York and told my friends about my trip, I realized how ridiculous I had been to be jealous of their Christmas plans. I looked around at my house, my dog, my family, and everything I owned and felt really spoiled (被宠坏的). All the things I saw in New Orleans，all the amazing people I met, and the small ways I was able to contribute to the rebuilding of the city made that week the most memorable vacation I can imagine.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。
2019中考英语二轮复习 阅读理解 归纳主旨题(记叙文)
2019中考英语阅读理解：归纳主旨题（记叙文）1&2．北京中考试题D篇议论文57题段落主旨（易）59题全文主旨——最佳标题（中）hockeyThe willful blindness in hockey toward concussions(头部撞击) has dropped. Hockey Canada has followed thelead of USA Hockey in preventing bodychecking (身体拦截) below age 13. A bad head injury of Sidney Crosby, the hockey’s greatest star, opened the eyes of hockey people everywhere. This country’s children have been facing similar danger at early ages, and Hockey Canada had to deal with a deep worry in the minds of Canadians to make the rule change. The liking for bodychecking from an early age is part of what makes Canadian hockey what it is.The change in rules should be taken as a chance to draw special attention to skill development in an environment free of danger. It may also control the loss of thousands of young players who don’t enjoy that environment.For years, many Canadian hockey parents and coaches have insisted that bodychecking at early ages is necessary to ensure that players can do it safely at older ages. True or not, there may be a safer way to teach hitting than to make younger players pay a price for it in head injuries. When USA Hockey changed its rules for the 2011-2012 season, it also created bodychecking-education programs that will be mandatory (强制的) for all coaches, including those teaching players in thepre-checking ages. And it began to encourage more “touch” — without real bodychecking — from 9 to 12. It also made the rules for 13 and up stricter. The USA is trying to show that it’s possible to teach hockey protective skills without putting 11 and 12-year-olds in greater danger. It’s worth the try.Hockey Canada has taken serious steps to do away with hits on the head. However, it’s hard to change a sports culture so connected with who we are as a country. Too often, bodychecking has been used to try to separate a player from his head rather than from the ball. Children were paying a price for this country’s love of the game.There are always changes in Canada’s game, and the change in the bo dychecking age sends the clearest message yet to coaches and parents that player safety is paramount (至上的) in the game.57．What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 2?A. The safe ways of controlling the loss.B. The steps of drawing special attention.C. The possible results of changing the rules.D. The methods of improving the environment.59．What is probably the best title for this passage?A. Which is more important?B. How do we change the rules?C. Why is hockey a dangerous game?D. When should bodychecking be prevented?答案：57. C 59. A答题依据：57题答案提示在第2段的第一句。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习 专题三 阅读理解 第二讲 主旨大意题习题.doc
第二讲│ 主旨大意题一、题型解读主旨大意题是高考英语阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。
主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。
主旨大意题一般分为三类：二、设问方式解答主旨大意题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。
1.标题归纳类主旨大意题的主要设题形式·What is the best title for this passage?·Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?·The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is ________.·The most suitable title of this passage is ________.·What would be the most suitable title for the text?·The suitable title of the passage may be ________.2.文章大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式·What is the main idea of the passage?·The passage is mainly about ________.·Which of the following can best summarize the passage?·What is the subject discussed in the passage?·What does the passage mainly deal with?3.段落大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式·The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that ________.·What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?·What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 3?·Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 1?·What is the main idea discussed in Paragraph 2?三、选项特征1.主旨大意题正确选项的特征(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2019年高考语文二轮复习讲练测专题06 散文阅读之语言主旨(讲) 含解析
2019年高考语文二轮复习讲练测考向一品味语言艺术1．讲高考（1）考纲要求体会重要语句的丰富含意，品味精彩的语言表达艺术。
（2）命题规律散文语言考点包括两个方面。
一是对“体会重要语句的丰富含意”的考查，即理解句意。
这个考点是着重在语言的思想性层面的，是对诸如中心句、点睛句、过渡句、矛盾句、哲理句等的表层含义、深层含义或句外意义的分析概括。
二是对“品味精彩的语言表达艺术”的考查，即鉴赏语言。
这个考点重在考查对语言的艺术性的理解和把握，是对语言的表达技巧、修辞、写作手法及其效果的分析。
题型有主观题和客观题两种，以主观题为主。
例：【2018年高考浙江卷】阅读下面的文字，完成以下4题。
汴京的星河叶文玲孩提时，我有许多美丽的憧憬，天真的梦。
那时，我最喜欢看天上的星河。
夏夜仰望那缀满星星的夜空，我会几个小时地坐对发痴，小脑瓜里整个儿盘旋着关于星星月亮的种种神话传说。
于是，我总相信月宫里有嫦娥，早晚有一天会从那影影绰绰的桂花树下飘飘走出，而那璀璨的星星呢，一定是那些调皮的小仙女随意抛洒的宝石珠贝。
我很想什么时候飞上天去，抓住天幕的一角轻轻一抖，让这些明亮得耀眼的珠宝纷纷飞落下来，穿过云端，落到人间，傻念头想过万万千，我却从不以为可笑，倒觉得这些记忆，永远像蜜汁一样醇甜。
大概就因为这颗未泯的童心吧，一些别人认为是不算稀奇的事，在我，却总要兴奋得大喊大叫。
现在，我就又想叫喊了：最近，我真的看见了天上落下的星河——那明亮得耀眼的珠宝。
那是在汴京——开封。
这个赫赫有名的宋代京都汴梁城，果真又一次牵下了天上的星河，让无数次揣想过《东京梦华录》笔下灯宵月夕的我，感到如此新奇和庆幸．．．．．．．．．。
素享声誉的汴京，果不负人愿。
在月华皎皎的元宵节，它再次以花光满路千门如昼的姿颜，呈现了它非同寻常的辉煌。
非是我这个初来乍到的外来客言辞夸大，我总觉得在汴京看灯会，别有一番意趣，在灯会中看汴京，别有一番别处难以得见的古城神韵和京都风光。
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2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题文章主旨大意类型典题例举[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random,Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.31.What is the main idea of the text?A．New languages will be created.B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C．Human development results in fewer languages.D．Geography determines language evolution.[解析] 选C 第一段说明语言已有几千年的历史，但有一些语言正在消失；第二段说明随着人类社会的发展，语言变得更少；第三段说明语言的分布是不均匀的；第四段介绍了超过400种语言正面临消亡的威胁。
整篇文章主要说明的是由于人类社会的发展导致了语言变得越来越少。
故选C。
[干扰项分析] A项颠倒是非，文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。
B、D两项无中生有，文中没有提到人们的生活方式会反映到语言上，也没有提到地理决定语言的发展。
[增分技巧]1．快速确定文章大意(1)归纳要点抓大意。
适用于没有明显的主题句的文章或段落。
(2)从段落中抓大意。
适用于主题句位于文章或段落中间类型的文章。
(3)读首句抓大意。
适用于主题句出现在开头的文章，如说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道。
(4)读尾句抓大意。
适用于主题句出现在段尾/篇尾的文章，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。
2．找主题句的5个小窍门(1)段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。
(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句常包含关键词)。
(4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容可能是主题句。
(5)表示总结或结论词语常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
3．解题原则文章大意题难度较大，属于区分度很高的选拔性题目。
注意无论此类题目出现在什么位置都要作为最后一道题来做，因为只有通读全文后才能更好地把握文章主题，并且文章中其他题目的解答也会有助于对整篇文章主旨的理解。
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野)．But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today, people still come and go —to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.27．What is the text mainly about?A．The rise and fall of a city.B．The gold rush in Canada.C．Journeys into the wilderness.D．Tourism in Dawson.解析：选A 第一段简要介绍了决定城市发展的因素，引出道森这一城市的兴起；第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因；第三段介绍该城市的衰落及现在的状况，所以全文是围绕道森这个城市的发展兴衰展开的。