限时训练综合4
高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解之限时训练(四)
手惰市安逸阳光实验学校高考英语二轮专题复习精品阅读理解部分之限时训练（四）阅读理解A breathtaking trick potentially left over from our ancestors might be found in us — the ability to sense oxygen through our skin. Amphibians(两栖动物), animals such as frogs that can live both on land and in water, have long been known to be capable of breathing through their skin. In fact, the first known lungless frog that breathes only through its skin was discovered recently in the rivers of Borneo. Now the same oxygen sensors found in frog skins and in the lungs of mammals have unexpectedly been discovered in the skin of mice.“No one had ever looked,” explained Randall Johnson, a biologist researcher.Mice and frogs are quite distant relatives, so the fact they have these molecules (分子) in common in their skin suggests they might well be found in the skin of other mammals, such as humans.“We have no reason to think that they are not in the skin of people too,” Johnson said.These molecules not only detect oxygen, but help increase levels of vital red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Normal mice breathing in air that is 10 percent oxygen—a dangerously low level similar to conditions at the top of Mount Everest, and about half that of air at sea level. However, mice that had the oxygen sensor HIF-1 a genetically removed from their skin failed to produce this hormone (荷尔蒙) even after hours of such low oxygen.These findings, if they hold true in humans, suggest one could raise the level of oxygen circulating inside the body. This could help treat lung diseases and disorders such as anemia (贫血症) without injecting drugs, which make up a multibillion-dollar market, Johnson said.Athletes also often try to get more oxygen delivered to their muscles in order to improve their performance. They often do this by training at high altitudes or in low-oxygen tents. The new study suggests they might want to expose their skin as well as breathing in low-oxygen air to improve their performance. “It’s hard to say what exactly might be done, however—there’s a lot we don’t know yet,” Johnson explained. The scientists detailed their findings in the April 18 issue of the journal Cell.64. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Johnson believes that oxygen sensors also exist in human skin.B. People have to surf the Internet to read detailed findings.C. It has been proved that these findings help treat lung diseasesD. It has long been expected oxygen sensors exist in mice’s skin.65. One of the functions of the molecules mentioned above is _______.A. carrying oxygen around the bodyB.improving athletes’ performanceC. detectingoxygenD. increasing level of oxygen66. What is Johnson’s attitude to the application of the findings to the athletes’ training?A. NegativeB. DoubtingC.Positive D. Hesitating67. The best title of the passage may be _______.A. Great Findings Benefit Athletes A LotB. Frogs And Mice Are Distant RelativesC. First Known Animal Breathes Through SkinD. Humans Might Sense Oxygen Through Skin完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）A farmer had some puppies (小狗) he needed to sell. He painted a sign36 the puppies and set about nailing it to a post on the 37 of his yard. As he was 38 the last nail into the post, he felt a pull on his clothes. He looked down 39 the eyes of a little boy.“Mister,” he said, “I want to buy one of your puppies. ”“ 40 ,” said the farmer, as he rubbed the sweat off the back of his neck, “these puppies co me from fine 41 and cost much money. ”The boy dropped his head for a moment. Then reaching 42 into his pocket, he pulled out a 43 of coins and said to the farmer. “I've got thirty-nine cents. Is that enough to take a look? ”“Sure, ” said the farmer, and with that he 44 a whistle, “Here, Dolly! ” he called.45 from the doghouse ran Dolly followed by four little balls of fur. The little boy 46 his face against the chain link fence. His eyes danced with 47 .As the dogs made their 48 to the fence, the little boy noticed something else. Another little ball appeared, obviously 49 . In a somewhat 50 manner the little puppy began hobbling toward the others, doing its best to catch up with others.“I want that one, ” the little boy said, pointing to it.The farmer 51 down at the boy's side and said, “Son, you don't. He will never be able to run and play with you like these other dogs. ”52 that the little boy stepped back from the fence, 53 down, and began rolling up one leg of his trousers. In doing so he exposed a steel brace(支持物) attaching itself to a 54 made shoe. Looking up, he said, “You see sir, I don't run too well myself, and he will need someone who understands. ”Yes, the world is full of people who need someone who 55 .36. A. introducing B. showing C. advertising D. explaining37. A. back B. edge C. center D. top38. A. driving B. pushing C. entering D. taking39. A. to B. on C. for D. into40. A. Certainly B. Well C. Sorry D. Likely41. A. parents B. friends C. relatives D. customers42. A. deeply B. deep C. wide D. widely43. A. number B. piece C. handful D. deal44. A. went out B. took out C. let out D. found out45. A. Away B. Far C. Out D. Into46. A. felt B. placed C. pushed D. pressed47. A. tears B. delight C. fear D. sorrow48. A. way B. direction C. path D. route49. A. whiter B. fatter C. thinner D. slower50. A. awkward B. forward C. smart D. interesting51. A. looked B. lay C. pointed D. knelt52. A. For B. In C. About D. With53. A. reached B. arrived C. lay D. put54. A. specially B. especially C. exactly D. naturally55. A. loves B. understands C. shares D. cares 任务型阅读：请认真阅读下面短文，在表格中的空格里填上最恰当的单词(每空1个单词)Since the beginning of human evolution, men have migrated（迁移）across continents in search of food, shelter, safety, and comfortable weather. People still move for these reasons, but new reasons for human migration are arising, such as job relocation(重新安置) and overpopulation. Three million migrants are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination is a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. People are moving within the developing world for the same reasons as they migrate to wealthier nations. People from poor countries are going to less poor countries, fleeing wars and conflicts. They are also responding to population pressures because some countries are densely populated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to go somewhere else.There are three main reasons why people move. The basic categories and percentages are as follows, according to the Current Population Surveys (CPS):Family-related reasons account for 26.3%, including changes in marital （婚姻的） status, establishing a household and other family reasons; work-related reasons 16.2%, including job transfer, retirement, and other job-related reasons; housing-related reasons 51.6%, including new and better houses, better neighborhood, cheaper housing and other housing reasons; the remaining 5.9% of other reasons are attending college, the change of climate and health reasons.Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities and warmer climates. They have also been moving to places a little far from cities, in search of bigger yards and houses, lower crime rates and better schools. In 1950, nearly a fifth of the population lived in the nation’s 20 largest cities. In 2006, it was about one in ten. That’s why many American people say, “Big Cities Shrink as People Move South, West.”Between March 2005 and March 2007, 73.4 million Americans moved. Fifty-six percent of these moves were within the same country. Twenty percent were between counties but in the same state. Nineteen percent were moves to a different state. Some families even went abroad. Title: People on the 71参考答案阅读理解64----67 ACCD完形填空36－40 CBADB; 41－45 ABCCC; 46－50 DBADA; 51-55 DDAAB任务型阅读：71. move, 72. history, 73. increasing, 74.richer/wealthier, 75. Reasons, 76. majority, 77. related/linked, 78. for, 79. climate, 80. tendency/phenomenon/trend。
曲线运动 限时训练4
曲线运动 限时训练413．(2008年广东理基)由于地球的自转，使得静止在地面的物体绕地轴做匀速圆周运动．对于这些做匀速圆周运动的物体，以下说法正确的是( )A ．向心力指向地心B ．速度等于第一宇宙速度C ．加速度等于重力加速度D ．周期与地球自转的周期相等14． [2014·四川卷] 有一条两岸平直、河水均匀流动、流速恒为v 的大河．小明驾着小船渡河，去程时船头指向始终与河岸垂直，回程时行驶路线与河岸垂直．去程与回程所用时间的比值为k ，船在静水中的速度大小相同，则小船在静水中的速度大小为( )A ．12-k kvB ．21k v -C ．21k kv- D ．12-k v15.【2013江苏高考】如图所示,“旋转秋千冶中的两个座椅A 、B 质量相等,通过相同长度的缆绳悬挂在旋转圆盘上. 不考虑空气阻力的影响,当旋转圆盘绕竖直的中心轴匀速转动时,下列说法正确的是(A)A 的速度比B 的大(B)A 与B 的向心加速度大小相等(C)悬挂A 、B 的缆绳与竖直方向的夹角相等(D)悬挂A 的缆绳所受的拉力比悬挂B 的小16．【2013上海高考】如图，轰炸机沿水平方向匀速飞行，到达山坡底端正上方时释放一颗炸弹，并垂直击中山坡上的目标A 。
已知A 点高度为h ，山坡倾角为θ，由此不能算出(A)轰炸机的飞行高度(B)轰炸机的飞行速度(C)炸弹的飞行时间(D)炸弹投出时的动能17．【2013上海高考】右图为在平静海面上，两艘拖船A 、B 拖着驳船C 运动的示意图。
A 、B 的速度分别沿着缆绳CA 、CB 方向，A 、B 、C 不在一条直线上。
由于缆绳不可伸长，因此C 的速度在CA 、CB 方向的投影分别与A 、B 的速度相等，由此可知C 的(A)速度大小可以介于A 、B 的速度大小之间(B)速度大小一定不小于A 、B 的速度大小(C)速度方向可能在CA 和CB 的夹角范围外(D)速度方向一定在CA 和CB 的夹角范围内18．[2014·江苏卷] 为了验证做平抛运动的小球在竖直方向上做自由落体运动，用如图所示的装置进行实验．小锤打击弹性金属片，A 球水平抛出，同时B 球被松开，自由下落．关于该实验，下列说法中正确的有( )A ．两球的质量应相等B ．两球应同时落地C ．应改变装置的高度，多次实验D ．实验也能说明A 球在水平方向上做匀速直线运动19．（2012年广东卷）图4是滑道压力测试的示意图，光滑圆弧轨道与光滑斜面相切，滑道底部B 处安装一个压力传感器，其示数N 表示该处所受压力的大小。
历史一轮训练课后限时集训4伟大的抗日战争含解析
课后限时集训（四）伟大的抗日战争（时间：75分钟分值：100分）一、选择题(本题共15小题，每题3分，共45分)1．1932年1月21日,倾向于政府且颇有实力的报纸《天津大公报》在社论中提出：“政府应该开辟和平解决红军之路"，“在不暴动、不割据、不违法扰乱秩序的条件下,撤销禁止异党活动的禁令”。
这一社论反映了当时(）A．农村革命根据地不断发展壮大B．中日民族危机逐渐加深C．中日民族矛盾上升为主要矛盾D．国民政府对日政策有所调整B［1932年1月，日军已经占领东北三省大部，中国领土主权遭到严重践踏，民族危机日益加深，在此背景下《天津大公报》发表和平解决红军的社论，故选B项；材料反映的是《天津大公报》关于国共和平相处的主张,并未涉及农村革命根据地的变化，排除A项；1932年日本还没有发动全面侵华战争，国共阶级矛盾仍是国内主要矛盾,排除C项；1932年国民政府仍坚持对日妥协政策，集中力量“围剿”红军,排除D项。
] 2。
1931年十月刊的《良友》杂志上有一幅黄文农作的漫画（如右图)，内容为：“耗子不会生蛋,赶来和母鸡寻衅，妄想攫夺此蛋以为己有."此漫画反映了()A．抗日战争初期B．中国抗日民众力量的觉醒C．全国性爱国救亡运动的不断高涨D．中日民族矛盾上升为主要矛盾A[根据材料“1931年十月”“妄想攫夺此蛋以为己有”以及漫画中母鸡毛发竖起的斗争状态可知，1931年九一八事变后，日本的侵略引起了国人不满，反映了日本侵略下的国民心态,故选A项;材料只是说明当时国民的心态，无法体现抗日民众力量觉醒，排除B项；“全国性爱国救亡运动”高涨应出现在一二·九运动时期,排除C项;中日民族矛盾上升为主要矛盾是在华北事变之后，排除D项。
］3．1931年九一八事变爆发后，第二天下午,中国驻国联代表施肇基表示此事件应该由日本方面负责，“中方挑衅”之说，乃是日本方面借此以武力占领中国城池的口实。
21日,施肇基正式要求国联对日军占领满洲一事予以禁止。
高三英语限时训练4
限时训练4完形填空The landlord’s mistakeWhen Thomas Jefferson was vice- president of the United States, there was not a railroad in all the world. The roads were muddy and 16 . So people did not 17 very much. If a man expected to go to another city, he often rode a 18 .One day some men were sitting by the door of a 19 in Baltimore when they saw a horseman riding very 20 . He was dressed plainly, looking like a farmer.“Do you have a room here for me?” he asked the landlord.Now the landlord 21 himself on keeping a first-class hotel, and he 22 that his guests would not like the rough-looking traveler. So he answered, “No, sir. Every room is 23 .”“Well, then,” answered the stranger, “I’ll see what they can do for me at t he Planters’Tavern, round the 24 ,” and he rode away.About an hour later, a well-dressed gentleman came into the hotel, saying, “I wish to 25 Mr. Jefferson.”“There is not a Mr. Jefferson!” said the landlord.“Oh,” the man was 26 , “but he must be. He said he intended to 27 at this hotel.”“No. A moment ago, an old clodhopper (乡巴佬) came here but I’ve sent him round to the Planters’.”“Did he 28 a gray horse?”“Yes, and he was quite tall.”“That was Mr. Jefferson, the vice-president,” said the gentleman.“The vice-president?” 29 the landlord, “How foolish I was to 30 him away!” So he rushed to the p lanters’ to 31 Mr. Jefferson.“Mr. Jefferson,” he said, “I’ve come to ask your 32 . You were so bespattered (溅污) with 33 that I thought you were some old farmer. If you come back to my hotel, you will have the best 34 in it. Won’t you come?”“No,” answered Mr. Jefferson. “A farmer is as 35 as any other man; and where there’s no room for a farmer, there can be no room for me.”16. A. straight B. wide C. rough D. short17. A. practice B. work C. care D. travel18. A. bike B. horse C. plane D. train19. A. hotel B. station C. college D. hall20. A. swiftly B. freely C. slowly D. happily21. A. congratulated B. instructed C. sent D. prided22. A. explained B. feared C. regretted D. admitted23. A. safe B. full C. cheap D. tidy24. A. corner B. yard C. farm D. city25. A. receive B. invite C. see D. honor26. A. bored B. depressed C. frightened D. surprised27. A. knock B. glance C. stop D. recover28. A. train B. ride C. follow D. buy29. A. cried B. complained C. smiled D. replied30. A. carry B. take C. turn D. put31. A. see off B. call on C. pick up D. fetch back32. A. pardon B. purpose C. situation D. condition33. A. oil B. mud C. grass D. powder34. A. position B. studio C. restaurant D. room35. A. good B. famous C. rich D. powerful阅读理解Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious.Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests arehigh up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees' nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always fall to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?A. It's small in size.B. It's hidden in trees.C. It's covered with wax.D. It's hard to recognize.61. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A bee.B. A bird.C. A honey seeker.D. A beekeeper.62. The honey guide is special in the way .A. it gets its foodB. it goes to churchC. it sings in the forestD. it reaches into bees' nests63. What can be the best title for the text?A. Wild BeesB. Wax and HoneyC. Beekeeping in AfricaD. Honey-Lover's Helper03For most Americans, a clean glass of water is just a matter of turning on a faucet （水龙头. But for many of the world’s poorest, it’s hard to get .On Wednesday, the United Nations(UN)marked World Water Day by trying to cut the number of people without good drinking water-one billion human beings worldwide-in half. In the next ten years ,the UN will work with governments around the world to reduce the shortage.Without clean water nearby, many people use water . In India, many people bathe and wash their clothes in rivers that are polluted by human waste.According to the UN, not having enough clean water and sanitation causes more than three million deaths a year.“The links between water and human heath are powerful,” said Dr Lee Jong Wook, director-general of the World Health Organization(WHO). “We cannot liv e without clean water.”In fact, the International Federation of the Red Cross said that quick reaction after last year’s Asian tsunami(海啸)had stopped disease. The agency provided clean water to nearly 500,000 people in Indonesia and Sri Lanka after the tsunami.World Water Day was first celebrated in 1993. Since then, it is celebrated each year on March 22.1.What is the best title of the passage?2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by this one?The quality of the water is closely connected with human health.3.What did the International Federation of the Red Cross do after the tsunami? And why?4. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.5.Translate the first paragraph into Chinese.完型16-35 CDBAC DBBAC DCBAC DABDA阅读60.B 61.C 62.A 63.D1. World Water Day.2. The links between water and human health are powerful3. It provided clean water to the people in Indonesia and Sri Lanka to stop disease from spreading.4. that/which is harmful to their health ;that /which is bad for their health ;that/which isn’t fit to drink.5. 对大多数美国人来讲，只需打开水龙头，就可以拥有一杯干净的水，但是对于世界上的很多穷人来讲，却很难。
江苏对口单招语文40分钟限时训练4(附答案)
江苏对口单招语文40分钟限时训练4（附答案）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A．谛(dì)听横(hénɡ)祸丢三落(là)四B．沮(jǔ)丧窥(kuī)视宁(nìnɡ)缺毋滥C．褒(bǎo)贬透辟(pì) 卓(zhuó)尔不群D．当(dànɡ)真牵掣(chè) 屡见不鲜(xiǎn)2．下列没有错别字的一项是A.星罗棋布不记其数再接再厉黯然失色B.按部就班暴殄天物病入膏肓洞若观火C.不毛之地出奇致胜分道扬镳各行其是D.骨鲠在喉汗流夹背怙恶不悛既往不咎3.下列选项中，对加点字词解释全部正确的一项是A.相形见绌．（羞愧）峨冠博带（高）横征暴敛．（搜刮）神乎其．妙（那样）B.举一反．三（反复）趋．之若鹜（快走）不可逆．转（方向相反）长治．久安（太平）C.有史可稽．（考核）物力维．艰（维持）天理昭彰．．（尽情开．．（明显）游目骋怀放胸怀）D.别．开生面（另外）一蹴．而就（踏）明日．．黄花（指重阳节后）销．声匿迹（消失）4.依次填入下列句子横线处的关联词，最恰当的一项是笛卡尔的学习热情很高，成绩优秀，数学尤其出类拔萃。
学校中的功课外，他阅读了许多课外书籍。
，在总结学习成绩时，他毫不自满，、犹豫了，怀疑自己学得的东西是否可靠。
A.除了还可是甚至以至B.除了也并且虽然但是C.不仅还并且即使还是D.不仅也可是而且并且5.下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A.只有积极引导牧民开展多种经营，控制牲畜数量，减少对牧草的需求，退牧还草，才能从根本上拯救纯种野牦牛。
B.墨西哥国立自治大学日前举行甲型H1N1流感病毒专题研讨会，有专家认为墨西哥即将进入炎热的夏季，这或许有助于降低流感病毒的扩散。
C.在本月热播的几部以南京大屠杀为题材的影片中，还原出许多历史细节，让我们深切地感受到电影主创者直面人间惨剧的勇气。
D.林萍是一位普通的保险公司职员，她为非亲非故的女孩捐献肝脏的事迹感动了广大网友自发在网上留言，大家热情地称其为“宁波的骄傲”。
限时训练参考答案
限时训练参考答案限时训练参考答案在现代社会中，时间成为了一种宝贵的资源。
我们总是不断地追求高效率和快速完成任务的能力。
为了应对这种需求，限时训练应运而生。
限时训练是一种通过在规定的时间内完成任务来提高工作效率和学习能力的方法。
在这篇文章中，我们将探讨限时训练的意义和一些参考答案。
限时训练的意义在于它可以帮助我们培养时间管理和压力应对能力。
在限时训练中，我们必须在规定的时间内完成任务，这迫使我们学会合理安排时间和高效利用时间。
这种训练不仅可以提高我们的工作效率，还可以培养我们的冷静和应对压力的能力。
当我们在紧迫的时间限制下工作时，我们需要保持冷静并集中注意力，这对我们的工作和学习都非常重要。
在进行限时训练时，我们需要有一些参考答案来帮助我们评估自己的表现。
这些参考答案可以是标准答案、模板或者是其他人的答案。
通过参考答案，我们可以了解到自己在时间管理、任务完成和问题解决等方面的表现如何。
同时，参考答案也可以帮助我们发现自己的不足之处，并进行针对性的改进。
然而，我们需要明确的是，参考答案只是一种参考，我们并不需要完全照搬，而是应该根据自己的实际情况进行调整和改进。
在限时训练中，我们可以运用参考答案的方法和思路，但是我们需要注意避免机械地套用答案。
每个人都有自己的思维方式和解决问题的方法，因此我们需要根据自己的特点和优势来进行答题。
参考答案只是给我们提供一种思路和方法的参考，而不是唯一的正确答案。
我们需要根据自己的理解和思考来进行创新和发展。
限时训练不仅可以应用于学习和工作，也可以应用于日常生活中的各个方面。
比如，我们可以设定一个时间限制来完成家务，这样不仅可以提高效率，还可以让我们有更多的时间去做其他喜欢的事情。
又比如，我们可以设定一个时间限制来锻炼身体，这样不仅可以提高身体素质，还可以节约时间。
限时训练可以应用于各个领域，它可以帮助我们更好地管理时间，提高效率。
综上所述，限时训练是一种提高工作效率和学习能力的方法。
高考英语阅读理解专项限时训练4
高考英语阅读理解专项限时训练4第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的4个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。
AEvery week there are amazing things to do in Los Angeles with kids! We’ve collected a list of what we think are the most fun, most interesting family events in LA at the beginning of 2020—and hopefully will result in LA parents and kids having the best time together as a family!Kids Week ActivitiesVroman’s Bookstore 695 E. Colorado Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91101Vroman’s Bookstore is hosting special Kids Week Activities all week long from Monday, Jan. 6th through Friday, Jan. 10th. Different activities are planned each day including an Art Extravaganza (on Tuesday) and Superhero Day (on Wednesday). All activities are free, but reserve in advance to make sure there are enough supplies and materials available for everyone.Into the WoodsHollywood Bowl 2301 N. Highland Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90068Enjoy a performance of Into the Woods happening at the Hollywood Bowl on Friday, Jan. 10th (8:00 pm), Saturday, Jan. 11th (8:00 pm), and Sunday, Jan. 12th (7:30 pm). Be a part of “an enchanted world of magic beans, towering giants, and handsome princes.” Tickets are available online.Family Sandcastle Building DayCabrillo Marine Aquarium 3720 Stephen M. White Dr., San Pedro, CA 90731Head to the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium on Saturday, Jan.11th 10:00 am to 3:00 pm for Family Sandcastle Building Day. Bring your favorite sandcastle building tools and your creativity to this free event.Outdoor Art Moves, Winter 2020 & 826LA@Hammer: Who's Got the Art? Hammer Museum 10899 Wilshire BIvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024The Hammer Museum is hosting two different special events on Sunday, Jan.12th. At both 11:00 am & 1:00 pm, children aged 5 and above can participate in Outdoor Art Moves, Winter 2020 led by movement director Zoe Rappa-port. Families will “discover relationships between nature, art, and the creative process” during these special movement activities. Also happeningat 11:00 am is 826LA@Hammer: Who's Got the Art? Children aged 8-14 will help “inspect the galleries, correct clues, and crack the case of a legendary mystery theft."1. Which activity needs to be booked ahead of time?A. Kids Week Activities.B. Into the Woods.C. Family Sandcastle Building Day.D. Outdoor Art Moves, Winter 2020.2. Where can kids enjoying playing detectives go?A. 695 E. Colorado Blvd., Pasadena.B. 2301 N. Highland Ave, Los Angeles.C. 3720 Stephen M. White Dr. San Pedro.D. 10899 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles.3. Who is the passage mainly intended for?A. Artists and directors.B. Parents and kids.C. Guides and tourists.D. Builders and architects.BMy nephew came for a visit one hot, July weekend. I persuaded him to stay inside by joining him in a Nintendo game. After being mercilessly defeated by a more experienced player, I suggested that we relax for a while. He slipped out of the room and I caught a few moments of peace and quiet.“Look, Alice,” he said enthusiastically as he ran over to the chair where I was recovering. “I found a kite. Could we go outside and fly it?”Glancing out of a nearby window, I noticed there was not a breeze (微风). “I'm sorry, Tripper,”I said, sad to see his disappointed eyes, but thankful for the short period of rest from more activities. “The wind is not blowing today. The kite won’t fly.”The determined 10-year-old replied. “I think it’s windy enough. I can get it to fly,” he answered, as he hurried out through the back door. I peeked through the curtains to watch determination in action. Up and down the yard he ran, pulling the kite attached to a small length of string. The plastic kite, proudly displaying a picture of Batman, remained about shoulder level.He ran back and forth, as hard as his ten-year-old legs would carry him, looking back hopefully at the kite trailing behind. After about ten minutes of unsuccessful determination, he came back in.I asked“How did it go?” “Fine,” he said, “I got it to fly some.” As he walked past me to return the kite to the closet shelf, I heard him say under his breath, “I guess I'll have to wait for the wind.”At that moment I heard another voice speak to my heart. “Alice, sometimes you are just like that. You want to do it your way instead of waiting for the wind.” And the voice was right. We usually want to use our own efforts to accomplish what we want to do. We wait for the wind only after we have done all we can and have exhausted our own strength. We must learn how to rely on Him in the first place!4. The writer didn’t fly the kite with his nephew because she ________.A. wanted to get relaxedB. preferred to stay in peace and quietC. thought the weather was not suitableD. was not so experienced in flying kites5. Which word can best describe Tripper?A. Insistent.B. Naughty.C. Sensitive.D. Clever6. What can we infer from Paragraph 5?A. Tripper became hopeless.B. Tripper was easy to give up.C. Tripper didn’t want to admit defeat.D. Tripper was disappointed with the kite flying.7. What is the best title for the passage?A. Try Your Best.B. Wait for the Wind.C. Fly a Kite in Life.D. Determine to Succeed.CChinese Culture Shown to the World with LoveLi Ziqi, a short video blogger specializing in traditional Chinese cooking and handicrafts, has gained worldwide popularity.Li has about 20 million followers on Sina Weibo, China’s equivalent to Twitter, plus 7 million followers on overseas social media networks. Many foreigners say they have got to know traditional Chinese food culture via her channel.It is the spirit of craftsmanship (技艺) behind her works that makes Li’s video clips attractive. She strictly follows the authentic traditional steps and procedures in making traditional Chinese food and handicrafts, such as peach flower wine and silk, and goes to great lengths to ensure her videos are accurate. Sometimes she spends several months producing one of her videos.Li has been inheriting (继承) traditional Chinese culture in a rather creative way. A closer look at her videos will show that they are never with any “analysis” that makes people feel bored. They just show audiences each and every detail of traditional Chinese culture so that the latter knows how Chinese live their beautiful and elegant lives. It is that universal appeal that makes her works so attractive. Thanks to Li's efforts, many intangible cultural heritages that only existed in memories and written records now appear before our eyes. Via her short videos, Li presents the image of abeautiful and friendly China.With the growth of the Chinese economy, people overseas are showing more interest in traditional Chinese culture. Li has shown how to satisfy that interest in a good way, namely showing the best parts of traditional Chinese culture with her heart.To effectively present the beauty of Chinese culture to the world, we need more Li Ziqi.8. What can we learn about Li Ziqi’s video clips?A. They promote the sales of Chinese food and handicrafts.B. They attract a large number of foreigners to visit her online shop.C. They are based on her family’s recipes of making traditional Chinese food.D. They aim to introduce traditional Chinese food culture and handicrafts worldwide.9. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4?A. Analysis of Chinese culture in Li’s videos makes people bored.B. Cultural heritages usually exist in memories and written accounts.C. Details and accuracy play significant roles in the success of Li’s videos.D. Li makes sure all of her video clips are short enough to be downloaded.10. What does the underlined word “intangible” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. nonphysicalB. inaccessibleC. invaluableD. unnoticeable11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To provide guidance on cooking and making handicrafts.B. To suggest a way of attracting more followers on Sina Weibo.C. To encourage more people to make efforts to bring Chinese culture to the world.D. To give an example of how to gain worldwide popularity as a short video blogger.DFood experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing （冲洗）off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.The do—not—wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it'snot washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli （大肠杆菌）and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.12. Why don't people accept USDA's advice?A. Because the advice is relatively new.B. Because cleaning seems more trustworthy.C. Because cooks clean the turkey before cooking it.D. Because heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food.13. What can be concluded from Paragraph 4?A. Food packages carry germs.B. Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli.C. Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not.D. Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs.14. Which way may help to cook a turkey safely?A. Rinse off the turkey before it is heated.B. Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator.C. Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey.D. Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey.15. From which section of a magazine is the text probably taken?A. Medicine.B. Culture.C. Education.D. Science.第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
物理八年级下册限时训练题4及答案
L2/cm
物理
八年级 下册
配粤教沪科版
限时训练4
（3）为了进一步验证实验结论，又做了如图乙所示的实
验，在杠杆水平平衡时：
①已知每个钩码的质量均为50 g，则此次实验中阻力F2大
小为
1
N，阻力臂L2为
10 N/kg）
②请你在图乙中画出动力F1的力臂.
10.0
cm；（g取
物理
②如图所示.
八年级 下册
物理
配粤教沪科版
八年级下册
物理
八年级 下册
配粤教沪科版
限时训练4
1.下列杠杆中，都是省力杠杆的一组是（ B ）
A.独轮车、钢丝钳、缝纫机踏脚板
B.铡刀、扳手、剪铁皮的剪刀
C.起子、汽车方向盘、镊子
D.钓鱼竿、夹煤饼的火钳、理发剪
限时训练4
物理
八年级 下册
配粤教沪科版
限时训练4
2.一辆汽车不小心陷进泥潭后，司机按图1所示的甲、乙两
（ D ）
A.F甲>F乙，因为甲方法的动力臂长
B.F甲<F乙，因为乙方法的阻力臂长
C.F甲>F乙，因为乙方法的阻力臂短
D.F甲=F乙，因为动力臂都是阻力臂的2倍
物理
八年级 下册
配粤教沪科版
限时训练4
5.（2022春·大同期末）学校的消防工作关系着学生的生命
安全.在消防知识进课堂的活动中，消防员为同学们介绍
（3）绳自由端移动的距离
s=3h=3×0.1 m=0.3 m.
答：略.
N+10 N）=70 N.
限时训练4
的钩码，移动钩码位置，使杠杆重新在水平位置平衡，三
次实验获得的数据如表所示.分析可得杠杆的平衡条件是
4-限时规范训练
4．扩展语句1．扩写下面一段话，使之情景更丰富，至少使用一种修辞手法。
(不少于60个字) 家乡的小河，奔流在村头，我的乡情就溶在那清清的河水中。
答：________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________解析解答此题应抓住几点：一是要审查周全；二是续写内容要与例句保持一致；三要恰当运用修辞方法。
答案每次勾起我悠悠乡情的是那家乡的小河，那清澈的河水，日夜活泼地奔流在村头，像一条银色的玉带向远处飘去。
想起它，那温馨的河水就流进了我的心田，我的乡情就溶在那清清的河水中。
2．扩展下面一句话，使内容更加具体、生动、形象。
(50个字左右)踏春归来，襟袖间还飘逸着春天的气息。
扩句：________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________答案示例一：沐浴着明媚的阳光，怀着对春姑娘的深深眷恋，我挥挥衣袖，告别了青山绿水，衣襟间还沾着花间露水，嗅一下，还能闻到花的芳香；裙角间还残留着小草的新绿，散发着泥土的清香。
直线运动 限时训练4
直线运动限时训练4一、单选13．[2014·新课标Ⅱ卷] 甲乙两汽车在一平直公路上同向行驶．在t ＝0到t ＝t 1的时间内，它们的v-t 图像如图所示．在这段时间内( )A ．汽车甲的平均速度比乙的大B ．汽车乙的平均速度等于v 1＋v 22C ．甲乙两汽车的位移相同D ．汽车甲的加速度大小逐渐减小，汽车乙的加速度大小逐渐增大14．[2014·全国卷] 一质点沿x 轴做直线运动，其v -t 图像如图所示．质点在t ＝0时位于x ＝5 m 处，开始沿x 轴正向运动．当t ＝8 s 时，质点在x 轴上的位置为( )A ．x ＝3 mB ．x ＝8 mC ．x ＝9 mD ．x ＝14 m15． [2014·广东卷] 图6是物体做直线运动的v t 图像，由图可知，该物体( )A ．第1 s 内和第3 s 内的运动方向相反B ．第3 s 内和第4 s 内的加速度相同C ．第1 s 内和第4 s 内的位移大小不相等D ．0～2 s 和0～4 s 内的平均速度大小相等16.（2014上海）在离地高h 处，沿竖直方向同时向上和向下抛出两个小球，她们的初速度大小均为υ，不计空气阻力，两球落地的时间差为 （ ）（A （B ） （C （D二、双选17． [2014·天津卷] 质点做直线运动的速度—时间图像如图所示，该质点( )A ．在第1秒末速度方向发生了改变B ．在第2秒末加速度方向发生了改变C ．在前4秒内发生的位移为零D ．第3秒末和第5秒末的位置相同18．有关加速度方向的理解，下列说法中正确的是( )A ．由a ＝Δv Δt知，a 的方向与Δv 的方向相同 B ．a 的方向与初速度v 0的方向相同C ．只要a >0，物体就做加速运动D ．a 的方向与初速度的方向相同，则物体做加速运动19.一物体从一行星表面某高处做自由落体运动．自开始下落计时，得到物体离该行星表面的高度h 随时间t 变化的图象如图所示，则( )A ．行星表面重力加速度大小为8 m/s 2B ．行星表面重力加速度大小为10 m/s 2C ．物体落到行星表面时的速度大小为20 m/sD ．物体落到行星表面时的速度大小为25 m/s20．给滑块一初速度v 0使它沿光滑斜面向上做匀减速运动，加速度大小为g 2，当滑块速度大小减为v 02时，所用时间可能是( )A.v 02gB.v 0gC.3v 0gD.3v 02g21．在某一高度以v 0＝20 m /s 的初速度竖直上抛一个小球(不计空气阻力)，当小球速度大小为10 m/s 时，以下判断正确的是(g 取10 m/s 2)( )A ．小球在这段时间内的平均速度大小可能为15 m/s ，方向向上B ．小球在这段时间内的平均速度大小可能为5 m/s ，方向向下C ．小球在这段时间内的平均速度大小可能为5 m/s ，方向向上D ．小球的位移大小一定是20 m。
生物复习(限时训练)：第四单元细胞的生命历程第4讲
限时训练选题细目表1．(2017·贵州七校联考)下列能说明细胞已发生分化的依据是（）A．细胞中有胰岛素的mRNAB．缺氧条件下进行无氧呼吸C．具有天花病毒抗体的基因D．RNA聚合酶结合到DNA上解析:本题考查细胞分化的实质，意在考查考生在理解和分析方面的能力,难度较小.细胞分化的实质是基因的选择性表达。
人体的各种组织细胞中都含有胰岛素基因，但只有胰岛B细胞中的胰岛素基因才能表达形成胰岛素的mRNA和胰岛素，因此，细胞中有胰岛素的mRNA说明细胞已发生分化。
答案：A2．(2015·海南卷）关于人体造血干细胞的叙述,错误的是( ) A．造血干细胞与成熟红细胞中的酶存在差异B．造血干细胞分化为成熟红细胞的过程是可逆的C．健康成年人的造血干细胞主要存在于其骨髓中D．造血干细胞分化形成的红细胞和白细胞寿命不同解析:造血干细胞与成熟红细胞中的酶存在差异,是基因选择性表达的结果，A正确；哺乳动物成熟红细胞没有细胞核与各种细胞器,造血干细胞分化为成熟红细胞的过程是不可逆的,B错误;健康成年人的造血干细胞主要存在于其骨髓中，C正确；造血干细胞分化形成的红细胞和白细胞寿命不同，是细胞分化的结果，D正确。
答案：B3．（2016·云南一模）下图表示同一个体的5种细胞中5种基因的表达情况,下列分析错误的是（)A．此图能说明细胞分化的实质B．基因B可能控制RNA聚合酶的合成C．细胞中mRNA差异最大的是细胞2和4D．一般来说，这5种细胞的核遗传物质相同解析：本题考查细胞分化，意在考查考生在理解和获取信息方面的能力，难度中等。
题图显示,同一个体的5种细胞中基因表达的情况有差异,说明基因在不同细胞中选择性表达,体现了细胞分化的实质；5种细胞中都有相关基因表达,基因表达的转录过程中有RNA 聚合酶参与，说明5种细胞中都有RNA聚合酶，基因B在5种细胞中都表达了，故其可能是控制RNA聚合酶合成的基因；细胞2和4中mRNA有2种不同,而3和4中mRNA有4种不同；5种细胞均最终来源于同一受精卵，故它们细胞核中的遗传物质通常相同。
《名师伴你行》2022高考数学(理)二轮复习检测：专题限时训练4不等式及线性规划 Word版含答案
专题限时训练(四) 不等式及线性规划(时间：45分钟 分数：80分) 一、选择题(每小题5分，共25分)1．(2021·河南洛阳统考)设二次函数f (x )＝ax 2＋bx ＋c 的导函数为f ′(x )．若∀x ∈R ，不等式f (x )≥f ′(x )恒成立，则b 2a 2＋2c 2的最大值为( )A.6＋2B.6－2 C ．22＋2 D ．22－2答案：B解析：由题意，得f ′(x )＝2ax ＋b ，由f (x )≥f ′(x )在R 上恒成立，得ax 2＋(b －2a )x ＋c －b ≥0在R 上恒成立，则a >0且Δ≤0，可得b 2≤4ac －4a 2，则b 2a 2＋2c 2≤4ac －4a 2a 2＋2c 2＝4⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫c a －12⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫c a 2＋1， 令t ＝ca －1，可知t ≥0.当t >0时，b 2a 2＋2c 2≤4t 2t 2＋4t ＋3＝42t ＋3t＋4≤426＋4＝6－2⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫当且仅当t ＝62时等号成立，当t ＝0时，b 2a 2＋2c 2＝0，故b 2a 2＋2c 2的最大值为6－2，故选B. 2．(2021·山东卷)已知x ，y 满足约束条件⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x －y ≥0，x ＋y ≤2，y ≥0.若z ＝ax ＋y 的最大值为4，则a ＝( )A ．3B ．2C ．－2D ．－3答案：B解析：画出不等式组表示的平面区域如图阴影部分所示，若z ＝ax ＋y 的最大值为4，则最优解为x ＝1，y ＝1或x ＝2，y ＝0，经检验知x ＝2，y ＝0符合题意，∴ 2a ＋0＝4，此时a ＝2，故选B.3．已知点A (2，－2)，点P (x ，y )在⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x －y ＋1≥0，x ＋y ＋1≥0，2x －y －1≥0所表示的平面区域内，则OP→在OA →方向上投影的取值范围是( ) A.⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫－22，22B.⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫－22，22C.⎝⎛⎦⎥⎤－22，22D.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤－22，22答案：D解析：不等式组表示的平面区域如图阴影部分所示．由向量投影的几何意义知，当点P 与点D 重合时投影最大，当点P 与点B 或点C 重合时投影最小．又C (－1,0)，D (0，－1)，所以OC→＝(－1,0)，OD →＝(0，－1)， 所以OD →在OA →方向上的投影为OD →·OA →|OA →|＝22，OC →在OA →方向上的投影为OC →·OA →|OA→|＝－22， 故OP →在OA →方向上投影的取值范围是⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤－22，22.4．若a ，b 为实数，则“0<ab <1”是“a <1b 或b >1a ”的( ) A ．充分不必要条件 B ．必要不充分条件 C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件 答案：A解析：0<ab <1可分为两种状况：当a >0，b >0时，由0<ab <1两边同除b 可得a <1b ； 当a <0，b <0时，两边同除以a 可得b >1a . 所以“0<ab <1”是“a <1b 或b >1a ”的充分条件，反之，当a <1b 或b >1a 时，可能有ab <0，所以“0<ab <1”是“a <1b 或b >1a ”的不必要条件，故应为充分不必要条件．5．已知三点A (2,1)，B (1，－2)，C ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫35，－15，动点P (a ，b )满足0≤OP →·OA→≤2，且0≤OP →·OB →≤2，则动点P 到点C 的距离小于15的概率为( )A.π20 B ．1－π20 C.19π20 D ．1－19π20答案：A解析：动点P (a ，b )满足的不等式组为⎩⎨⎧0≤2a ＋b ≤2，0≤a －2b ≤2，画出可行域可知点P在以C ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫35，－15为中心且边长为255的正方形及内部运动，而点P 到点C 的距离小于15的区域是以C ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫35，－15为圆心且半径为15的圆的内部，所以概率P ＝π⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫152⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2552＝π20.故选A.二、填空题(每小题5分，共15分)6．(2021·河北唐山一模)已知x ，y ∈R 且满足x 2＋2xy ＋4y 2＝6，则z ＝x 2＋4y 2的取值范围是________．答案：[4,12]解析：∵2xy ＝6－(x 2＋4y 2)，而2xy ≤x 2＋4y 22， ∴6－(x 2＋4y 2)≤x 2＋4y 22，∴x 2＋4y 2≥4(当且仅当x ＝2y 时，等号成立)． 又∵(x ＋2y )2＝6＋2xy ≥0，即2xy ≥－6，∴z ＝x 2＋4y 2＝6－2xy ≤12(当且仅当x ＝－2y 时，等号成立)． 综上可知，4≤x 2＋4y 2≤12.7．(2022·浙江卷)设函数f (x )＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2＋x ，x <0，－x 2，x ≥0.若f (f (a ))≤2，则实数a 的取值范围是________．答案：(－∞，2]解析：结合图形(图略)，由f (f (a ))≤2可得f (a )≥－2，可得a ≤ 2. 8．设实数x ，y 满足⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＋y －6≤0，x －y －1≤0，x ≥2，则μ＝yx 的取值范围是________．答案：⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤12，2解析：由约束条件⎩⎨⎧x ＋y －6≤0，x －y －1≤0，x ≥2作出可行域如图阴影部分所示．μ＝yx 的几何意义是原点与可行域内动点连线的斜率，联立⎩⎨⎧ x ＝2，x －y －1＝0，解得A (2,1)．联立⎩⎨⎧x ＝2，x ＋y －6＝0，解得C (2,4)．由图可知，当动点为点A 时，k OA 最小，等于12； 当动点为点C 时，k OC 最大，等于42＝2.所以μ＝yx 的取值范围是⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤12，2.三、解答题(9题12分，10题、11题每题14分，共40分)9．已知函数f (x )＝13ax 3－14x 2＋cx ＋d (a ，c ，d ∈R )满足f (0)＝0，f ′(1)＝0，且f ′(x )≥0在R 上恒成立．(1)求a ，c ，d 的值；(2)若h (x )＝34x 2－bx ＋b 2－14，解不等式f ′(x )＋h (x )<0. 解：(1)∵f (0)＝0，∴d ＝0.∵f ′(x )＝ax 2－12x ＋c .又f ′(1)＝0，∴a ＋c ＝12. ∵f ′(x )≥0在R 上恒成立， 即ax 2－12x ＋12－a ≥0恒成立，明显当a ＝0时，上式不恒成立，∴a ≠0，∴⎩⎨⎧a >0，⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫－122－4a ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12－a ≤0，即⎩⎨⎧a >0，a 2－12a ＋116≤0，解得a ＝14，c ＝14.(2)由(1)知，f ′(x )＝14x 2－12x ＋14. 由f ′(x )＋h (x )<0，得14x 2－12x ＋14＋34x 2－bx ＋b 2－14<0， 即x 2－⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫b ＋12x ＋b 2<0， 即(x －b )⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x －12<0. 当b >12时，解集为⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12，b . 当b <12时，解集为⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫b ，12. 当b ＝12，解集为∅.10.(2021·银川模拟)运货卡车以每小时x 千米的速度匀速行驶130千米，按交通法规限制50≤x ≤100(单位：千米/小时)．假设汽油的价格是每升2元，而汽车每小时耗油⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2＋x 2360升，司机的工资是每小时14元．(1)求这次行车总费用y 关于x 的表达式；(2)当x 为何值时，这次行车的总费用最低，并求出最低费用的值．解：(1)设所用时间t ＝130x (h)，y ＝130x ×2×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2＋x 2360＋14×130x ，x ∈[50,100]． 所以，这次行车总费用y 关于x 的表达式是 y ＝130×18x ＋2×130360x ，x ∈[50,100] ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫或y ＝2 340x ＋1318x ，x ∈[50，100]. (2)由(1)知，y ＝130×18x＋2×130360x ≥2610， 当且仅当130×18x＝2×130360x ，即x ＝1810时，等号成立． 故当x ＝1810千米/小时时，这次行车的总费用最低，最低费用的值为2610元．11．已知函数f (x )＝13x 3＋12ax 2＋bx .(1)若a ＝2b ，试问函数f (x )能否在x ＝－1处取到极值？若有可能，求出实数a ，b 的值；否则说明理由；(2)若函数f (x )在区间(－1,2)，(2,3)内各有一个极值点，试求w ＝a －4b 的取值范围．解：(1)由题意f ′(x )＝x 2＋ax ＋b ， ∵a ＝2b ，∴f ′(x )＝x 2＋2bx ＋b . 若f (x )在x ＝－1处取极值，则f ′(－1)＝1－2b ＋b ＝0，即b ＝1， 此时f ′(x )＝x 2＋2x ＋1＝(x ＋1)2≥0，函数f (x )为单调递增函数，这与该函数能在x ＝－1处取极值冲突， ∴该函数不能在x ＝－1处取得极值．(2)∵函数f (x )＝13x 3＋12ax 2＋bx 在区间(－1,2)，(2,3)内分别有一个极值点， ∴f ′(x )＝x 2＋ax ＋b ＝0在(－1,2)，(2,3)内分别有一个实根， ∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧f ′(－1)>0，f ′(2)<0，f ′(3)>0⇒⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧1－a ＋b >0，4＋2a ＋b <0，9＋3a ＋b >0.画出不等式表示的平面区域如图所示，当目标函数w ＝a －4b 过N (－5,6)时，对应的w ＝－29； 当目标函数w ＝a －4b 过M (－2，－3)时，对应的w ＝10. 故w ＝a －4b 的取值范围为(－29,10)．。
新高考语文第4部分 传统文化阅读 古诗词 限时综合训练
11.下列对这首词的理解和赏析，不正确的一项是(3分) A.作者用“鸣琴而治”的典故，借宓子贱为官时，以礼乐教化人民，来
赞美陈海州治理眉州有方。
√B.昔日宓子贱的厅堂被绿柳垂杨环绕着，现在却被秋霜覆盖，一片萧索，
表达了世事变迁之感。 C.“聚散交游如梦寐”运用比喻修辞，写出了人生聚散如同梦境一般，
大一轮复习讲义
复习任务群四 传统文化阅读 · 古诗词
限时综合训练
一、阅读下面这首诗，然后回答问题。(9分)
和梅花百咏(三十)
[明]于谦 劲气棱棱傲雪神，乾坤生意①自通真。 香同桂子还离俗，清比梨花不殢人②。 铁干摩空经岁月，冰魄入梦隔音尘。 等闲漏泄阳和信，地北天南无限春。 注 ①生意：生命力，生长发育的活力。②殢人：软柔缠人之意。
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1.下列对这首诗的理解和赏析，不正确的一项是(3分) A.首联出句，由虚入笔，写梅花威严正直，凌然傲雪的品格。 B.首联对句，写梅花充满生机，与天地的生命力息息相通。 C.颔联出句，与桂花比较，从嗅觉写梅花超凡脱俗的特点。
√D.颔联对句，运用典故，从视觉写梅花清而不殢，突出其高洁。
10.尾联表达了诗人怎样的情感？请简要分析。(6分) 答案 ①对彻悟佛理的期盼； ②难以摆脱尘俗烦恼的忧愁； ③对清静佛门的向往； ④作为游子客居他乡的愁绪。
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六、阅读下面这首词，然后回答问题。(9分)
浣溪沙·忆旧①
[宋]苏轼 长记鸣琴子贱②堂。朱颜绿发映垂杨。如今秋鬓数茎霜。 聚散交游如梦寐。升沉闲事莫思量。仲卿③终不避桐乡。 注 ①此词别本有小序云：“赠陈海州。陈尝为眉令，有声。”苏轼， 眉州眉山人。②子贱：即宓子贱，春秋时鲁国人。其为官时，以礼乐教 化人民，达到“政简刑清”的效果。③仲卿：西汉人朱邑，字仲卿，在 桐乡为官，深受百姓爱戴。病重时，嘱咐其子将其葬于桐乡。
限时训练4 古诗文理解性默写
限时训练4 古诗文理解性默写（训练时长30分钟满分100分）姓名：班级：批改日期：评分：1.《桃花源记》文中吸引渔人“欲穷其林”的句子是：，，，，。
2.《桃花源记》中表现桃花源中自然环境美好的句子：，，。
3.成语“无人问津”出自《桃花源记》，其原句是：。
4.《小石潭记》中写环境使作者内心忧伤凄凉的句子是：，。
5.《小石潭记》中描写小潭周围树木的语句是：，，。
6.《核舟记》中引用《后赤壁赋》的句子是：，。
7.《关雎》中生动形象地表现出男子对姑娘思念之深追求不得而痛苦难眠的句子是：，。
8.成语“秋水伊人”出自《蒹葭》，其原句是：，。
9.《大道之行也》体现人才得到重用，社会成员间和睦相处的一句话：，。
10..体现“大同”社会人们都能安居乐业的句子：，。
11.《大道之行也》体现大同社会人们毫无自私自利之心，把共同劳动看作是分享快乐的一句话是：，；，。
12.庄子在《北冥有鱼》中，借助“大鹏直上”表达了自己的志向，其中“____________________”一句后来演变成了一个成语“扶摇直上”。
13.庄子在《北冥有鱼》中形象地说明现实生活中很小的实物也需要依凭外物，任何事物都有所凭借的句子是：_____________，____________，____________________。
14.《马说》中描写千里马悲惨遭遇的句子是：，。
15.《马说》中体现食马者浅薄愚妄的句子：，，，，！16.《茅屋为秋风所破歌》抒发作者忧国忧民济世情怀的著名诗句是：，！17.《茅屋为秋风所破歌》中，体现作者“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”精神的诗句是：，！。
！，！18.白居易的《卖炭翁》中，“，”刻画了卖炭翁虽然衣服单薄，但仍希望天气更冷一些，只为炭能卖个好价钱的复杂心理。
19.《送杜少府之任蜀州》中，把对朋友的真挚感情升华为哲理，说明只要心灵相通，无论天涯海角，也就像在身边一样。
表现出诗人乐观精神、豁达胸襟的句子是：，。
牛顿运动定律 限时训练4
牛顿运动定律 限时训练413.（2011年天津）如图所示，A 、B 两物块叠放在一起，在粗糙的水平面上保持相对静止地向右做匀减速直线运动，运动过程中B 受到的摩擦力A ．方向向左，大小不变B ．方向向左，逐渐减小C ．方向向右，大小不变D ．方向向右，逐渐减小14． “蹦极”就是跳跃者把一端固定的长弹性绳绑在踝关节等处，从几十米高处跳下的一种极限运动。
某人做蹦极运动，所受绳子拉力F 的大小随时间t 变化的情况如图所示。
将蹦极过程近似为在竖直方向的运动，重力加速度为g 。
据图可知，此人在蹦极过程中最大加速度约为A ．gB ．2gC ．3gD ．4g15.（2009上海理综）右图为蹦极运动的示意图。
弹性绳的一端固定在O 点，另一端和运动员相连。
运动员从O 点自由下落，至B 点弹性绳自然伸直，经过合力为零的C 点到达最低点D ，然后弹起。
整个过程中忽略空气阻力。
分析这一过程，下列表述正确的是（ ）①经过B 点时，运动员的速率最大②经过C 点时，运动员的速率最大③从C 点到D 点，运动员的加速度增大④从C 点到D 点，运动员的加速度不变A.①③B.②③C.①④D.②④16．（2012年海南卷）根据牛顿第二定律，下列叙述正确的是( )A ．物体加速度的大小跟它的质量和速度大小的乘积成反比B ．物体所受合力必须达到一定值时，才能使物体产生加速度C ．物体加速度的大小跟它所受作用力中的任一个的大小成正比D ．当物体质量改变但其所受合力的水平分力不变时，物体水平加速度大小与其质量成反比17．（2011上海）受水平外力F 作用的物体，在粗糙水平面上作直线运动，其v t 图线如图所示，则(A)在0--1t 秒内，外力F 大小不断增大(B)在1t 时刻，外力F 为零(C)在1t --2t 秒内，外力F 大小可能不断减小(D)在1t --2t 秒内，外力F 大小可能先减小后增大18．两个叠在一起的滑块A 和B ，置于固定的倾角为θ的斜面上，如图所示．滑块A 、B 的质量分别为M 、m .A 与斜面间的动摩擦因数为μ1，B 与A 间的动摩擦因数为μ2，已知两滑块都从静止开始以相同的加速度沿斜面滑下，滑块B 受到的摩擦力 ( )A ．等于零B ．方向沿斜面向上C ．大小等于μ1mg cos θD ．大小等于μ2mg cos θ19．如图，在光滑地面上，水平外力F 拉动小车和木块一起做无相对滑动的加速运动．已知小车质量是M 、木块质量是m 、力大小是F 、加速度大小是a 、木块和小车之间动摩擦因数是μ.则在这个过程中，关于木块受到的摩擦力大小正确的是( )A ．μmaB ．maC.mF M ＋mD ．F －ma20．如图所示，一足够长的木板静止在光滑水平面上，一物块静止在木板上，木板和物块间有摩擦．现用水平力向右拉木板，当物块相对木板滑动了一段距离但仍有相对运动时，撤掉拉力，此后木板和物块相对于水平面的运动情况( )A ．物块先向左运动，再向右运动B ．物块向右运动，速度逐渐增大，直到做匀速运动C ．木板向右运动，速度逐渐变小，直到做匀速运动D ．木板和物块的速度都逐渐变小，直到为零21．（08年宁夏卷）一有固定斜面的小车在水平面上做直线运动，小球通过细绳与车顶相连。
金陵中学河西分校2023-2024学年八年级第一学期英语限时限量练习(四)
金陵中学河西分校八(上)英语限时训练(四)一、选择填空(每小题1分，共15分)1. — What did you and your friends buy in the shop this afternoon?— ________. ________ of us had money for anything.A. Nothing; NoneB. None; No oneC. Nothing; NobodyD. None; Nothing2. — Listen! What's the noise outside?— It________ be some children playing football. But I'm not quite sure.A. mayB. mustC. shouldD. would3. — Could you please ________ here? There are many kids playing here.— Sorry, I didn't know that.A. to smokeB. not to smokeC. smokeD. not smoke4. My parents agreed ________ me ________ at home alone when they were away.A. to let; to stayB. letting; stayC. to let; stayD. letting; to stay5. The boy is so smart that he can ________ many difficult maths problems correctly.A. put outB. cut outC. work outD. give out6. —How is Susan now?— I hear a famous company her with a job, but she refused it.A. preventedB. offeredC. providedD. introduced7. — Not all people coming here are real bird lovers.— Yeah. Some try to make the place a better area ________ others just bring trouble.A. soB. becauseC. whileD. moreover8. — Is Jack good at singing?— Yes, we can often hear him ________ in the classroom.A. singB. singsC. to singD. singing9. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money ________ poor young girls return to school.A. helpingB. to helpC. invitingD. to inviteA. on; atB. on; inC. at; onD. at; in11. It snowed heavily last night. Grandpa made a snowman ________ the children in the morning.A. surpriseB. surprisedC. to surpriseD. surprising12. Our teacher often tells us ________ when we have trouble ________ a problem.A. to give up; solvingB. not to give up; working outC. to give up; to work outD. not to give up; to solve13. As is known to all, about seventy-five ________ of the earth ________ covered with water.A. per cent; areB. per cent; isC. per cents; areD. per cents; is14. He spoke loudly ________ everyone in the room ________ him clearly.A. to make; to hearB. to make; hearC. making; to hearD. making; hear15. ________ animals will be in danger and there will be space for them if we don't take any action.A. More and more; fewer and fewerB. Fewer and fewer; more and moreC. More and more; less and lessD. Less and less; more and more二、完形填空Many people live with animals. Some have dogs and cats. Some have fish. Dian Fossey was different from them. She had gorillas. The gorillas didn't live in her house. She lived in ___16___. What a special woman she was!Dian Fossey was born in San Francisco, California, in 1932. She loved ___17___. She went to college to become a veterinarian(兽医). One day, she took a trip to Africa. ___18___ she was there, she became interested in gorillas. Dian loved watching the gorillas. She decided to move there.Dian Fossey was known as the first person to have19contact(接触) with gorillas. She sat with the gorillas. She played with them. They never ___20___ her.Dian became interested in a baby gorilla. She was able to ___21___ him. She named him Digit. Dian was able to watch him grow. Digit liked Dian, too. A few years later, Digit was killed by hunters. Dian was very ___22___ about Digit's death. She decided to do something to ___23___ the gorillas.She started a ___24___ that tried to protect the gorillas. National Geographic wrote a story about Dian and her group. Many people ___25___ money to her to help save the gorillas. She said she would do more things to save gorillas.16. A. hers B. his C. theirs D. ours17. A. bird B. animals C. forests D. plants18. A. Although B. Because C.While D. Unless19. A. friendly B. strict C. serious D. careful20. A. win B. beat C. protect D. hurt21. A. stay away from B. get close to C. look out for D. catch up with22. A. pleased B. sad C. bored D. proud23. A. protect B. kill C. lose D. miss24. A. team B. group C. club D. center25. A.stole B. wrote C. sent D. received三、阅读理解(每小题1分，共5分)(A)Wetlands are any land that is flooded with shallow water all or most of the time. They are a natural water holding system.There are many types of wetlands. Among them, bogs, marshes and swamps are the three n types. The different types of wetlands have different kinds of plants. Only mosses (苔藓) and a few other kinds of plants can grow in bogs. Grassy plants like cattails(香蒲) and reeds (芦苇) are the most common plants in a marsh. A swamp is a forest whose ground is underwater all or most of the time. Unlike bogs or marshes, a swamp is full of trees and bushes. It's not a good idea to go exploring a swamp without a guide. There are hidden pools of water, thick mud, and sometimes big crocodiles looking for their next meal.Hungry crocodiles aren't the only animals that make the wetlands their home. Otters, turtles, frogs, snakes and many other animals do too. The water is home to many kinds of fish and crabs. Birds, including ducks, geese and cranes, use wetlands seasonally during their long migrations.Wetlands are important because they provide habitats for plants and animals. A wetland system can also protect shorelines, make polluted waters clean, prevent floods, and restore underground water supplies.According to WWF, more than half of the world's wetlands have disappeared since the beginning of the 20th century. If this continues, countless plant and animal species will surely die- out. Without wetlands, cities have to spend more money treating water. Don't feel helpless. Try to do your part to protect them right now. Here are some ideas.26. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Wetlands are a man-made water holding system.B. There are three types of wetlands in the world.C. People cannot meet with big crocodiles in wetlands.D. Wetlands can protect shorelines and prevent floods.27. What is the writer probably going to talk about after Paragraph 5?A.What are the different types of wetlands?B. What will happen if wetlands disappear?C. What actions can people take to protect wetlands?D. What other kinds of plants and animals live in wetlands?(B)Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction(破坏) of our environment. Brown clouds, polluted water, endangered wild animals... these problems seem so huge.So my family do what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don't have to drive ...But does it do any good? When I am the only one in line at the market with cloth bags, am I doing any good? Does my walking to stores make any real difference to the world?I recently learned something about flamingos(火烈鸟) which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when the time comes for migration, a few of them first take off from the lake. But none of the others seem to notice, so the small group returns. However, the next day they try again. This time a few more fly along with them, but most of them still pay no attention, so they return again. They try for several times. Every time a few more birds join in but, since the thousands of others still take no notice, the great migration plan is once more stopped.Then one day something changes. The same small group of birds once again starts flying and a small number more join in just as before, then more. Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular(壮观的) sight it must be -thousands of flamingos taking off into the sky at once!A few can make a difference. Even if you're the one to take the first step, and continue trying, others will someday take notice and together we will solve even our greatest problems.28. Why does the small group of flamingos return to the lake?A. Because they are very tired.B. Because they can't find food in other places.C. Because they don't know where to go.D. Because the others don't fly along with them.29. What’s the writer's purpose of writing this article?A. To show that the writer loves to see the migration of flamingos.B. To introduce how flamingos migrate to readers.C. To tell readers to continue trying and it can make a difference.D. To show that we face lots of serious problems today.30. Where would you most probably read this passage?A. A guidebook.B. A movie poster.C. A personal blog (博客).D. A science magazine.四、词汇(每小题2分，共30分)(A)根据汉语提示、音标或首字母提示写单词，使句意完整31. They finally___________ (卖) their house at a good price.32. I invited Tom to dinner and he happily___________(接受) my invitation.33. The man can't sleep well at night and it leads to___________ / ˈsɪəriəs/ problems to his health.34. Don't take p___________ him. He is pretending(假装) to be poor.35. Don't be too strict with yourself. After all, none of us is___________(完美的).36. Our_____(政府) is taking some action to improve people's living conditions.37. My teacher asked me to___________(描述) this picture with my own words.38. The students come from different places. Do you know all their ___________(地址)?(B)用所给词的适当形式填空39. We don't need to hurry because there is still a little time ___________(leave).40. My grandfather likes sleeping with the windows___________(close) in summer.41. The film is very interesting and I lost myself in it from___________(begin) to end.42. He treats everyone with ___________(kind), so he has lots of friends.43. --Is John in his bedroom now? --Yes. He may___________(make) his bed.44. The doctor did everything he could___________(save) the child who was hurt in the accident.45. A nurse took her arm and___________(lead) her to a chair.五、句型转换，每空一词。
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限时训练综合(四)
出题人:赵霞
1．下列与化学概念有关的说法正确的是
A ．化合反应均为氧化还原反应
B ．金属氧化物均为碱性氧化物
C ．催化剂能改变可逆反应达到平衡的时间
D ．石油是混合物，其分馏产品汽油为纯净物
2．下列与含氯化合物有关的说法正确的是
A ．HClO 是弱酸，所以NaClO 是弱电解质
B ．向沸水中逐滴加入少量饱和FeCl 3溶液，可制得Fe(OH)3胶体
C ． HCl 溶液和NaCl 溶液均通过离子导电，所以HCl 和NaCl 均是离子化合物
D ．电解NaCl 溶液得到22.4LH 2(标准状况)，理论上需要转移N A 个电子(N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数)
3．下列关于原子结构、元素性质的说法正确的是
A ．非金属元素组成的化合物中只含共价键
B ．IA 族金属元素是同周期中金属性最强的元素
C ．同种元素的原子均有相同的质子数和中子数
D ． ⅦA 族元素的阴离子还原性越强，其最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性越强
4．下列与有机物的结构、性质有关的叙述正确的是
A ．苯、油脂均不能使酸性KMnO,溶液褪色
B ．甲烷和Cl 2的反应与乙烯和Br 2的反应属于同一类型的反应
C ．葡萄糖、果糖的分子式均为C 6H 12O 6，二者互为同分异构休
D ．乙醇、乙酸均能与Na 反应放出H 2，二者分子中官能团相同
5．下列实脸操作正确的是
A ．中和滴定实验时，用待测液润洗锥形瓶
B ．盛放NaOH 溶液时，使用带玻璃塞的磨口瓶
C ．用苯萃取溴水中的溴时，将溴的苯溶液从分液漏斗下口放出
D ．NaCl 溶液热发结晶时,蒸发皿中有晶体析出并剩余少量液体即停止加热
6．下列由相关实验现象所推出的结论正确的是
A ． Cl 2、SO 2均能使品红溶液褪色，说明二者均有氧化性
B ．向溶液中滴加酸化的Ba(NO 3)2溶液出现白色沉淀，说明该溶液中一定有SO 42－
C ． Fe 与稀HNO 3、稀H 2SO 4反应均有气泡产生，说明Fe 与两种酸均发生置换反应
D ．分别充满HCl 、NH 3的烧瓶倒置于水中后液面均迅速上升，说明二者均易溶于水
7．下列与金属腐蚀有关的说法正确的是
A ．图a 中，插入海水中的铁棒，越靠近底端腐蚀越严重
B ．图b 中，开关由M 改置于N 时，Cu-Zn 合金的腐蚀速率减小
C ．图c 中，接通开关时Zn 腐蚀速率增大，Zn 上放出气体的速率也增大
D ．图d 中，Zn-MnO 2干电池自放电腐蚀主要是由MnO 2的氧化作用引起的
8. (14分)实脸室采用MgCl 2、AlCl 3的混合溶液与过量氨水反应制备MgAl 2O 4二主要流程如下:
同时生成沉淀，应先向沉淀反应器中加入 ( 海水 图a 图b 图c 图d 2 4Cl 糊状物
(2)如右图所示，过滤操作中的一处错误是 。
(3)判断流程中沉淀是否洗净所用的试剂是 。
高温焙烧时，用于盛放固体的仪器名称是 。
(4)无水AlCl 3(183℃升华)
装置B 中盛放饱和NaCl 溶液,该装置的主要作用是 。
F 中试剂的作用是 。
用一
件仪器装填适当试剂后也可起到F 和G 的作用，所装填的试剂为 _。
A B C D
E(收集瓶) F G 溶液
参考答案: (本套限时训练为2012山东卷)
1【解析】本题考查化学基本概念。
有单质参加的化合反应为氧化还原反应，A项错误；Mn2O7为酸性氧化物，Al2O3为两性氧化物，B项错误；催化剂能影响反应速率，改变可逆反应达到平衡的时间，C项正确；石油的分馏产物汽油为混合物，D项错误。
答案：C
2【解析】NaClO属于盐，为强电解质，A项错误；向沸水中滴加饱和FeCl3制备Fe(OH)3胶体，B项正确；HCl属于共价化合物，C项错误；根据电解NaCl溶液的阴极反应:2H＋+2e−=H2↑，产生标准状况下22.4LH2，转移2N A个电子，D项错误。
答案：B
3【解析】NH4Cl全部由非金属元素组成，但含有离子键和共价键，A项错误；同周期元素从左到右金属性逐渐减弱，各周期中ⅠA族元素的金属性最强，B项正确；同种元素的原子的质子数相同，但中子数不同，C项错误；Ⅶ族元素的阴离子还原性越强，则元素的金属性越弱，其最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性越弱，D项错误。
答案：B
4【解析】油脂中的不饱和高级脂肪酸的甘油酯含有双键，能使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色，A项错误;甲烷和氯气的反应属于取代反应，而乙烯和Br2的反应属于加成反应，B项错误；葡萄搪和果糖的分子式相同，但结构不同，互为同分异构体，C项正确；乙醇、乙酸中的官能团分别为羟基、羧基，D项错误。
答案：C
5【解析】中和滴定时锥形瓶无需用待测液洗涤，A项错误；NaOH溶液应该盛放在橡皮塞的试剂瓶中，B 项错误；苯的密度比水小，用苯萃取溴水中的溴时，溴的苯溶液在上层，从分液漏斗的上口倒出，C项错误；蒸发NaCl溶液时，当蒸发皿中有晶体析出，停止加热，利用余热蒸干溶液，D项正确。
答案：D
6【解析】SO2使品红溶液褪色，利用的是SO2与有色物质化合生成无色物质，不能说明其具有氧化性，A 项错误；向溶液中含有SO32－时，加入酸化的Ba(NO3)2也会出现白色沉淀，B项错误;Fe与稀硝酸反应生成的气体为NO，该反应不是置换反应，C项错误；HCl、NH3极易溶于水，盛有HCl、NH3充满的烧瓶倒置水中，气体溶解，液面迅速上升，D项正确。
答案：D
7【解析】图a中，铁棒发生化学腐蚀，靠近底端的部分与氧气接触少，腐蚀程度较轻，A项错误；图b 中开关由M置于N，Cu一Zn作正极，腐蚀速率减小，B对；图c中接通开关时Zn作负极，腐蚀速率增大，但氢气在Pt上放出，C项错误；图d中干电池放电时MnO2发生还原反应，体现还原性，D项错误。
答案：B
8【解析】(1) Mg2＋、Al3＋同时生成沉淀，则先加入氨水。
(2)过滤时漏斗末端没有紧靠烧杯内壁。
(3)检验沉淀是否洗净可向洗涤液加入氨水，观察是否有沉淀产生。
高温焙烧在坩埚中进行。
(4)装置B中饱和NaCl 溶液用于除去氯气中HCl, F盛装浓硫酸，防止水蒸气进入E。
用干燥管盛装碱石灰可以起到F和G的作用。
答案：(1)B (2)漏斗下端尖嘴未紧贴烧杯内壁(3) AgNO3溶液(或硝酸酸化的AgNO3溶液)；坩埚
(4)除去HCl；吸收水蒸气；碱石灰(或NaOH与CaO混合物)。