主谓一致讲解及练习
主谓一致-讲解++练习(全)
主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1、语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student。
汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2、意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now。
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book。
这本书20美元太贵了。
3、就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk。
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型1、单数名词(代词)/不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground。
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2、“a great/ good many+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但“many a+名词”作主语,意义虽为“许多",但谓语要用单数形式.Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
【英语】初中英语主谓一致解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析
【英语】初中英语主谓一致解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、主谓一致1.Now my father _____ his bike to work every day instead of driving.A.ride B.rode C.rides D.will ride【答案】C【解析】考查点:一般现在时的用法。
解题思路:every day意为“每天”,表示经常性,习惯性的动作,故该句子要使用一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,故答案选C;选项B、D时态错误;2.—What kind of movies do you prefer?—I prefer the movies _________me something to think about.A.which give B.that gives C.which gives D.who gives【答案】A【解析】句意:——你喜欢什么类型的电影?——我更喜欢那些让我思考的电影。
此句的先行词是movies,引导定语从句的关联词用that或which,排除C,D;定语从句的主语that或which 指代movies,动词不能用三单形式,故答案为A。
3.(用在否定句中)也,而且;根本If you don't go, I won't either. 你如不去,我也不去。
It won't do them any good, but it won't do them any harm either. 这对他们没有好处,但也没有坏处。
4.(两者之中)任何一个I don't agree with either of you on these issues. 在这些问题上,你们两个我都不同意。
连接词 conj.5.(两者之中)每一方的;每一的She studied history and philosophy, but she had little interest in either subject. 她学过历史和哲学,但对这两门课都没有多少兴趣。
高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习
高中英语主谓一致精析及强化训练一)主谓一致的种类1.语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
如:The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike.2.意义上一致1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
如:The crowd were shouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people, , cattle,等。
2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
如:The news was so surprising.形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics, economics等。
特殊词解析:1. majoritythe majority表示“大多数”时,为集合名词;单独用作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:The majority agree [agrees] with me. 大多数人同意我的意见。
The majority was [were] in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。
但是若单独用的the majority后跟有复数表语,则谓语通常要用复数。
如:The majority are young people.2. “the majority of+复数名词”用作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数,如:The majority of his books are kept upstairs. 他的大部分书藏在楼上。
The majority of people realize the importance of limiting population growth.minority作主语时谓语用单数还是复数minority表示“少数”时,为集合名词;单独用作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式(具体用法与majority大致同相)。
主谓一致讲解及练习
主谓一致讲解及练习一、主谓一致的含义:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上维持一致。
二、主谓一致三原则:主谓一致必需遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
(一)、语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
1. 单数或不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
如:The teache r i s here and the students ar e there .老师在这里,学生在那里。
2.each,every,neither,either,no+单数名词作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:Each room is full of people.每间屋子都挤满了人。
Each boy and girl____a new book.A.are given B.was given C.being given D.were given3.主语+with,together with,like,as well as,except, including等短语作定语时,谓语的单、复数与主语一致。
如:He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去划船。
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.老师和他的学生一路步行抵达那里。
Nobody but Jane____the secret.A.knows B.Know C.have know D.is know4.something,everything,anything,nothing,everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone,no one,nobody等复合不定代和单独的either,neither,each(each of),no one,the other,another等词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
初中英语主谓一致讲解与练习
主谓语的一致性语法要点句子的主语和谓语之间存在着一致性的关系,主语是单数时,要求谓语动词也用单数形式,主语是复数时,要求谓语动词也用复数形式。
一、名词作主语时的主谓一致1.可数名词作主语时当可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的数与主语的单复数相一致。
His sister is a nurse.His sisters are nurses.2.不可数名词作主语时当不可数名词作主语时,不管其数量是多少,无论是否受a lot of, a great deal of, much , too much, little, a little等表示数量多少的词或词组修饰,谓语动词都要用单数形式。
Water is necessary to everyone.Too much salt does a lot of harm to your health.3.集体名词作主语时集体名词,如family, class, group, team, crowd等,若指一个整体,谓语动词用单数;若指这一个整体的所有成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The family is very big.Her family are watching TV.4.单复数形式相同的词作主语时单复数同形的名词,如sheep, means, works(作品)等作主语时,如果前面有every, a , such a, this, that等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式;若其前面有all, these, those等修饰时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
有the时,要根据句子所要表达的意思而定。
The sheep he lost in the flood has been found. 一只羊(单)The sheep he lost in the flood have been found. 特定的一些羊(复)All his sheep were lost in the flood.5.表示民族、语言的名词作主语时有些词既可以表示民族,又可以表示这个民族所使用的语言。
(完整版)最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习_(精华版)
高中英语之“主谓一致”(**)主谓一致的概念。
所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即(主语的人称和单复数形式)决定着(谓语动词对应的形式)。
(一)主谓一致的种类一、【语法一致】1. <and连接>两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况:(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
He and she _____both students of this school.他和她都是这个学校的学生。
(2)如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。
The knife and fork ____on the table.刀叉在桌子上。
2. 如果主语是<不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句>的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。
When he is coming seems very important.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。
Collecting stamps is his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。
To love her is not to break her wings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。
.3. 定语从句的<关系代词who, which, that>在从句中作主语时,要与<先行词>的人称和数保持一致。
Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom, who is your friend, should help you.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数<随主语的变化>而变化。
主谓一致用法详解及练习题附答案
1 .主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。
英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则,即:语法一致原则;意义一致原则和就近原则。
1.语法一致原则语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式,如:Tom doesn ’t like swimming. 汤姆不喜欢游泳。
汤姆不喜欢游泳。
Jane and Mary look alike. 简和玛丽看起来很像。
2.意义一致原则意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致,同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定,而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。
有时主语的语法形式是单数,但所表达的概念是复数意义,这时动词应采用复数形式,如:The football team are having breakfast now. 足球队员们在吃早饭。
The news was exci ng. 这条消息令人振奋。
3.就近原则就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。
当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either...or either...or……, neither …nor nor……, not only …but also …, or 等连接时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致,如:Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。
Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。
主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题,1.主语为集体名词(1)某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。
如果集体名词作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式,如:Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。
主谓一致讲解及练习附答案
主谓一致讲解及练习附答案Company number:【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】主谓一致【考纲说明】1)掌握主谓一致三大原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则2)学会分析句式,排除干扰,分清主谓,明了句子的主谓关系3)本专题以单项选择、单词拼写和词形转换的考查为主,分值为1—2分。
【知识梳理】一、定义:谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
二、语法一致原则概念:即在谓语和主语在语法形式上取得一致。
如:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
但须注意下列几种情况:1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易,但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
【注意】:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。
但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时,主句的谓语动词用复数。
What I bought is three English books. 我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do are helpful for you. 我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2)由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时,谓语用复数。
John and Ann are good friends. 约翰和安都是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students。
.露西和莉莉都是学生。
主谓一致语法及考点讲解 附练习题和详解
语法讲解:主谓一致在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
考点1:对语法一致原则的考查语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.主语是单数名词时,谓语动词大凡用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:His father is working on the farm.Two students are waiting for you in your office.The children were in the classroom two hours ago.考点2:对语法附加原则的考查主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,together with,except,but,like,aswell as,rather than,more than,no less than,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
如:Mr. Green,together with his wife and children,has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.Jack as well as his friends is ready to help you.She,like you and Tom,is very tall.考点3:对整体原则的考查主语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语以及表示时间、金钱、距离等量度的词作主语时,视为整体看待,谓语动词常用单数形式。
例如:To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is very important for us all.Five dollars is enough.注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
主谓一致用法详解及练习题 附答案
主谓一致用法详解及练习题附答案主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重要问题,它指的是主语和谓语动词在数上必须保持一致。
一般来说,主谓一致有三个原则,分别是语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
首先,语法一致原则要求谓语动词和主语在语法形式上必须保持一致。
如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式;如果主语是复数形式,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
例如,“Tom doesn’t like swimming.”和“Jane and Mary look alike.”都符合语法一致原则。
其次,意义一致原则指的是谓语动词和主语的一致要根据主语所表达的单数概念来决定,而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。
有时主语的语法形式是单数,但所表达的概念是复数意义,这时动词应采用复数形式。
例如,“The football team are having breakfast now.”和“The news was exciting.”都符合意义一致原则。
最后,就近原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。
当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either。
or…。
neither…nor…。
not only…but also…。
or等连接时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
例如,“Either your students or Mr Wang knows this.”和“Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film.”都符合就近原则。
在主谓一致的三个原则中,需要特别注意的是主语为集体名词的情况。
某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。
如果集体名词作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果就其中一个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如,“Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject.”和“Our group is made up of four girls and five boys.”就分别符合这两种情况。
主谓一致讲解及练习(有答案)
主谓一致讲解及练习3. Chinese, French, mathematics, statistics, electronics, economics, politics, linguistics,optics等表示语言或学科的单词作主语时,谓语动词用作单数。
Chinese, Japanese, French, English 表示某国人时,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语的数。
4. works (工厂),means (方法) series (系列), deer( 鹿), sheep(绵羊)根据所暗示的数来决定谓语的数。
5.以-s结尾的表示由成对部分组成的物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如trousers,glasses, scissors, pants等。
如果这些词与a pair of, a couple of连用,动词的数与pair,couple的数保持-致。
6. clothes, goods, wages, stairs, taxes, earnings, belongings, savings, leavings 作复数用,其后面的谓语动词要用复数。
7. news, music, equipment, luggage, information, furniture, advice, progress等不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
1.表示国家城市、机构、组织的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2.某些表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词往往作复数用,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
3.以复数形式出现的表示书籍、报纸、杂志的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
4.以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
1.主语之后带有as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等短语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。
英语主谓一致精讲及练习题
主谓一致“主谓一致”是指句子中主语与谓语之间在人称、数等方面保持的协调一致关系。
在英语中谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致,这就叫主谓一致。
在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时,要遵循下列三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
一、语法一致,也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。
1、由and或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,指的是复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。
如:Mr.and Mrs.Smith are engineers.史密斯夫妇是工程师。
Fire and water do not agree.水火不相容。
Both Lucy and Lily like cartoon2.由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every,each,no,many a修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Each teacher and(each)student was given a book.每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。
Every boy and every girl here gets a present.这里的每位男孩和女孩都得到一件礼物。
No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it.没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事。
Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much.许多老师和学生很喜欢这本书。
3.不定代词“each one, each,one,no one,either ,niether,the other, another, some(any,no,every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主语时,或主语由each,each of ,every修饰时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。
高中英语主谓一致讲解与练习
高中英语主谓一致(一)主谓一致的应用1.名词作主语1)某些集体名词,如 family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.这类名词有:audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。
2)某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。
如:Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.4)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。
如:Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.5)不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如:Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.6)如果主语有morethanone很多非常⋯或manya许多,,构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如:Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.7)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。
但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.8)thiskindofmen的谓语动词用单数,menofthiskind的谓语动词用复数,all kindsof后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。
主谓一致练习及解析
A.are B.were C.is D.was
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:看,这串钥匙在老师的桌子上。根据句意可知,这句话的主语是the set of keys,强调的是一串钥匙,因此谓语动词应该用单数形式,根据句意,这里应该用一般现在时态。故选C。
【点睛】
either...or... , neither...nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们通常说的“就近原则”。both...and表示“两者都”,谓语动词通常用复数。not only…but also….是英语中较为常见的一个关联词组,在此题中主要连接两个主语。由于not only A but also B句式重点在B上,所以谓语动词一般要与B保持人称和数的一致。
8.This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ____________well.
A.sellsB.sell
C.is soldD.are sold
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:这些听力材料,连同它的光盘卖得很好。根据句意,东西卖的好,表示现在的一种状态,故用一般现在时。并且当sell后接副词时,其主动形式表示被动含义。together with连接几个主语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致,即与listening material保持一致,所以sell用单数形式;故答案选A。
主谓一致练习及解析
一、主谓一致
1.﹣People,especially the young,by their friends.
中考英语初中英语主谓一致解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)
中考英语初中英语主谓一致解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)一、主谓一致1.The population of the two villages less than two million in 1999.A.are B.is C.were D.was【答案】D【解析】这两个山村的人口在1999年不到2百万。
从时间状语判断用一般过去时,从主语population判断用单数。
故选D。
2.—________ more and more foreigners coming to our country to learn Chinese?—Of course. Because of the fast development, many foreign countries pay more attention to China.A.will there be B.will be there C.Are there going to have 【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意“-会有越来越多的外国人来我们的国家学汉语吗?-当然,由于快速的发展,许多其他国家更加关注中国”。
本题考查there be用法。
there be句型不与have连用,排除C。
一般将来时为there will be,一般疑问句为will there be,故选A。
3.________ Mary ________ Jack is listening to the report carefully, because they are both interested in it very much.A.Neither; nor B.Either; or C.Both; and D.Not only; but also 【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:不仅玛丽而且杰克认真听取了报告,因为他们都对它非常感兴趣。
Neither; nor既不,也不,连接并列主语时,遵循就近原则;Either; or 或者,或者,连接并列主语时,遵循就近原则;Both; and两者都,连接并列主语时,谓语动词使用复数形式;Not only; but also不但,而且,连接并列主语时,遵循就近原则。
英语主谓一致常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析
【答案】 A
【解析】
【详解】
句意 “-你想要果汁还是咖啡? -都可以,我不在意 ”。根据 either 可知,空处用单数,排除
B;且根据句意可知,用一般现在时,故选
A。
3.—Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese people in China?
【解析】
试题分析: — 我昨天下午五点给你打电话了,但是没人接。
— 对不起,那时我正陪着妈妈
买东西呢。通过以上分析可知,应该用过去进行时;本句
I 是主语, with my parents 是介
词短语做定语,不是主语,所以后面用 was。故选 A。
考点:考查时态和主谓一致的用法。
11. There A. is 【答案】 A 【解析】
A. will have; in
B.is going to be; at
C. will be; since 【答案】 B
D. is going to have; by
【解析】
试题分析:句意:本月底有一个时装秀。 At the end of 在 …结束时; There be 结构的一般将
来时为 There will be 或 There is going to be 。所以选 B。
6.There are millions of websites on the Internet and there_______ a lot of useful _______on the websites.
A. are; informations
B.are; information
C. is; informations 【答案】 D
主谓一致考点直击
英语中考主谓一致讲解及练习题1. 语法一致的原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 邻近一致的原则谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
高中英语语法-主谓一致详解及练习
高一语法---主谓一致主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。
一.谓语动词用单数的情况1.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语,谓语用单数。
如:Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job.To understand the situation completely requires more thought.2.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用单数。
Two weeks was too long. Ten yuan is enough.十元钱足够了。
3.一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候,谓语用复数,但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念,谓语用单数:law and order 法制soap and water 肥皂水a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子fork and knife 刀叉the needle and thread 针线trial and error 反复尝试,不断摸索horse and carriage 马车time and tide 岁月bread and butter 奶油面包the ebb and flow 盛衰,潮涨潮落Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man4. 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出问题了。
5. 两个用and连接的单数可数名词作主语,且第二个名词前无冠词,表示“一体”或“一双”,谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致(附练习题)
第四章主谓一致主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement),指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
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高一英语M3语法——主谓一致英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致,这就叫做主谓一致。
解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致1、either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something,everything, everybody, everyone, no one, nothing, nobody 做主语时,谓语一般用单数。
Neither of the two sentences is correct. Everything around us is matter.(注意:none, neither, all, any作主语时,谓语可用单数,也可用复数,具体取决于说话人的意思。
) None of them owns/own a car. Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.All are here. And all that can be done has been done.2、书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Thirty years is not a long time. Three miles is too much for him.3、主语由many a, more than one修饰时,其后的谓语动词也遵循语法一致原则,即谓语用单数Many a boy likes playing football. More than one student takes a walk on campus after dinner.4、trousers/pats, shoes, glasses, chopsticks筷子, scissors剪刀,compasses, socks, stocks等, 用复数形式, 代词用复数, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
Your trousers are dirty, so you must have them washed.The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。
Two pairs of shoes are worn out.5、某些组织,国名,后虽有-s,但仍作单数使用。
The united states is a developed country.The United Nations is an important international organization.6、某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news等,谓语动词应用单数。
Physics is a very interesting subject.7、如果主语带有with, along with/together with, as well as/in addition to/besides, like, without, except, but,including, rather than (而非)等介词或连接词, 谓语看前面的主语。
例如:The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.Mary, like many girls, loves dancing. No one except/but me knows about it.All the students, including Tom, leaving. I rather than you am right.(be)8、从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。
To say something is one thing , to do it is another .(to say something , to do 是不定式)“How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .(How do you do ?是句子,作主语)(注意:what 引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。
)What we need is more time, while what they need are more doctors and medicines.9、one and a half 后面带名词的复数,谓语动词常用单数。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.10、名词由and 或both …and 连接主语时,谓语动词使用复数形式。
但是①由and 连接的并列主语如果是指同一个人或物;②主语前有each, every,no或many a 修饰时;③常作为不可分割的一个整体时,谓语用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary.No sound and no voice is heard for a long time.11、people , public , police , cattle 做主语时,谓语动词习惯上使用复数。
The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news.二、意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语取决于主语的实际意义。
A)主语形式上是单数, 意义上却是复数B)主语在形式上是复数, 意义上却是单数。
1、不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语, 谓语动词视情况而定。
All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
All that should be done has been doneNone of the students are/is there. 没有学生在那里。
2、the +形容词,表示一类人,谓语动词用复数; 若指单数,则用单数谓语动词。
The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against it.The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实应与假相区别。
(the true / the false表单数概念)3、某些名词如people, police, clothes ,goods ,remains, congratulations等是复数概念, 谓语用复数。
People也指“民族”是例外。
The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.Half of his goods were sold out. The Chinese is a brave and hard-working people.4、单复数相同的名词如: means(方法,手段, 工具), works工程,工事(复数),作品(复数), 工厂(单复同), deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。
Not every means is useful.不是每种方法都好使。
Not all means are useful.不是所有的方法都使。
This steal works was founded in 1773. Many of his works have been published.5、定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词一致,但one of +复数名词+who/ that / which 引导的定语从句的谓语动词的形式看one 的前面是否有the (only )等修饰语,有为单数,无为复数。
This is one of the best books that have appeared this year.She is the only one of those women who doesn’t know a thing about knitting(编织) .6、Such, the following 作主语,谓语的单复数由后面的表语决定。
Such are the facts. Such was Albert Einstein.The following are facts. The following is my proof.7、some of ; plenty of ; a lot of ; most of ; the rest of ; all(of ) ; half (of );分数或百分之+of +名词做主语时,以名词的单复数为准。
A lot of students are waiting outside .And lots of the time has been wasted.More than 70% of the eart h’s surface is covered by water.三、就近原则1、在or , either …or …, n either…nor … ,not only… but also… , not …but… , there be 等结构中,采取就近原则,即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近的主语的单复数。
Either the teacher or the students are to blame.Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.2、注意倒装结构后的主谓语。
由Here, There引导的句子,谓语和靠近它的前面的名词或代词一致。
There is a penny and some tickets in his pocket. Here are some envelops and paper on the desk.Between the two windows hang an oil painting and two pictures.3、下列结构用于引起一个附加的成分,谓语动词的形式应不受附加成分的影响而于前面的主语取得一致:as well as; rather than; like; except; besides; with; along with; including; such …as…;No one but Jack and Mary knows about it. I, as well as they, am ready to help you.4、由a set of, a series of, a kind of ; this kind of ; many kinds of 和名词+ of this kind 等以及与kind 意思相近的type , sort 等构成的类似的短语做主语时,谓语动词与of 前的名词取得一致。