医学英文论文写作5-Results

Types of Figures diagram and flowchart 示意图和流程图 primary evidence 原始数据
① photographs of patients 患者照片 ② micrographs 显微照片 ③ gel electrophoretograms 凝胶电泳图 ④ polygraph recording 多导描记图
such data may be better served by a
graph.
Results Furthermore, we should not use tables and graphs when it is possible to present the same data with clarity within the text of the paper. Not only is the content straightforward, but also the style used by successful writers is quite simple and direct.
Basis
Complexity
Pro and con
Usually from simple to complex
Both sides of an issue or decision
Causality
Deductive Inductive
Cause and effect
Conclusion first, then background leading up to it Individual facts first, leading to conclusion
Results Tables and figures are usually an integral part of this section. Don’t use the text to parrot the information they contain.
Readers can see the data for themselves.
Results
What was found or seen?
Decide on a logical order for presentation (Table 1). Present the results that have a bearing on the question you are examining. Exclude irrelevant findings, but never omit valid results that appear to contradict your hypothesis.
Results
The results section should also be the most objective section. It presents the unadorned data with a minimum amount of explanation. This allows the reader to form their own judgments about the meaning of the results. However, to the greatest extent possible, explanations and interpretations should be kept for the discussion section.
observations or orients the reader to
the text to follow.
●
The clinical outcomes at 1, 3 and 6
months are presented below.
Three Steps of Move 1

A metatextual expression referring to
Types of Figures other types of figures ① pie graphs 饼图 ② forest plot 森林图 ③ map 地图
Legends, Caption
legends, caption 图例
① figure designation 图标（Figure 2）
Moves Normally, the results section consists of only one or two “moves”.
The ubiquitous move is the presentation of observations which were consistent with our expectations or hypothesis.
② figure title 图题 ③ experimental details 试验细节
④ 标明数值报告形式
Values are expressed as mean (SD). ⑤ definitions 定义解释 ⑥ statistical information 统计学信息 ⑦ 其他信息 （信息来源，版权许可信息） ★ 图例应隔行打字，以便同行专家及编辑审阅及修改。
Table 1 Common Patterns for Organizing Material
Pattern
Categorical Chronological Spatial Functional Importance Problem-solutions Specificity Groupings of like items Time sequence Physical arrangement of entities How parts work Usually with elements in order of decreasing consequence Predicament, possible answers, why each will / won’t work, usually followed by specific recommendation General to particular, or particular to general
●

一般过去时(Past tense): 所叙述或总结研究结果的 内容为关于过去的事实
●
After flights of less than two hours, 11% of the army pilots and 33% of the civilian pilots reported back pain.
Instead, point out salient features and
note relationships between the various
results.
Types of Tables tabulation 列表 formal table 规则表
① statistical table 统计表 ② textual / word table 文字表 ③ matrix 矩阵表
● ●
Three Steps of Move 1

一般现在时(Present tense): 对研究结果的说明或由 其得出的一般性推论、不同结果之间或实验数据 与理论模型之间进行比较
The higher incidence of back pain in civilian pilots may be due to …. ●These results agree well with the findings of Smith….
Results It is often useful to present data in tables or figures. However, we need to
be conservative. Tables with too much
data are difficult to comprehend, and
Web-based Medical Writing Course
Unit 5 Results
www.flonline.edu.cn
IMRAD Format Introduction Methods Results
Байду номын сангаасand
Discussion
Results The results section of our paper ought to be the easiest section to write if we have been true to the purpose of our study and have rigorously tested our research hypothesis.
Some papers include a second move which presents our inconsistent observations.
Move 1

The first move has an introductory
statement which summarizes the

Three Steps of Move 1 Step One The constituent sentences are written in the present tense. The active and passive voice are used with approximately the same frequency. The data are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows the data. Mean blood pressures for the two groups are shown in Fig. 1.
ICMJE’s Uniform Requirements
Since the results are the informative
core of the paper, this section needs to set out our observations in adequate detail and in a form which facilitates interpretation.
ICMJE’s uniform requirements
We need to think of the most logical sequence in which to present our data, and this is often (but not invariably) the sequence in which results were actually obtained in our study.
later text or a visual element

A statement of the results
A substantiation or reiteration of the
results
Three Steps of Move 1 Step One

A metatextual expression referring to later text or a visual element Step one is directing the readers’ attention to text which exists below or to data which exists in an accompanying illustration or table.
Types of Figures graphs 曲线图 ① line graphs / drawings 线图 ② scatter graphs, scattergrams 散点图 ③ bar graphs 条图 ④ histograms 直方图 ⑤ frequency polygons 频数多方图