专升本英语语法
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关系代词 1．who修饰“人”作主语，口语中可作宾语。
This is the man who often helps me.(who作主语) (这就是那个经常帮助我的人) The man who you just talked to is a teacher. (who作介词to的宾语)你刚才同他谈话的那个人是个老师。
定语从句(一) 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词、数词、短语或整个
句子的句子。被修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词 后，中间要有引导词来引导，引导词要在从句中作成分。
定语从句的引导词包括关系代词(who，whom，whose， that，which，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)。
2．whowenku.baidu.com修饰“人”作宾语。可省略，但在介词后和非限制性 定
语从句中不可省略。
The doctor(who/whom)you are looking for is in the room. 你在找的那位医生在屋子里。 3．whose是who，which的所有格，作定语，修饰“人”“物” 表所 属关系。
medal failed at last. A．who B．whom C．what D．/ 解析： everybody had thought为插入语，定语从句引导 词在句中作could win a gold medal的主语。 答案：A
3．Do you think the reason________he gave is believable? A．for which B．which C．why D．for that 解析：句意为：你认为他给出的理由可信么？which作
6．as (1)在限制性定语从句中，若先行词被the same，such， as，so所修饰，从句的引导词用as，作主语、宾语。 I dislike such students as are careless. 我不喜欢那些粗心的学生。
I’ll lend you as much money as you need. 我会借给你所需要的那么多钱。 (2)作为关系代词，as可引导非限制性定语从句，修饰一短 语或整个句子，也可插在句中。 As we know，the earth goes round the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 The number of the visitors，as we had expected，was well over two hundred. 来访者的数目远远超过两百人，这是我们预料之中的。
关系副词 when(时间)；where(地点)；why(原因)作状语 (1)I still remember the day when I was born. (2)This is the house where I lived two years ago. (3)Can you tell me the reason why you did it? 定语从句中的关系副词可由“介词＋which”来代替，以上 (1)句中的when＝on which (2)句中的where＝in which (3)句中的why＝for which
gave的宾语，故用关系代词。 答案：B
4．This is the job________they laughed. A．which B．that C．at which D．at that 解析：句意为：这是个他们嘲笑的工作。laugh at表“嘲
笑……”，which作at的宾语。 答案：C
5. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks________built about 300 years ago in Beijing. A．which was B．which were C．that were D．where were 解析：定语从句修饰parks，且在定语从句中引导词作主
This is a book whose cover is blue. 这是一本封面是蓝色的书。 4. that修饰“人”“物”作主语、宾语、表语。 I want a man that/who understands English. 我需要一个懂英语的人。 He is not the man that he used to be.他已不是以前的他了。 This is the picture that I bought yesterday.
5.which (1)修饰“物”作主语、宾语。 The building which stands near the river is our school. 耸立在河旁边的那幢房子是我们的学校。 (2)修饰句子中的短语、整个句子，作主语、宾语，常引导一非限 制性定语从句，有时可插在句中。 I have to work on Sunday，which I don’t like. 我星期天得上班，这点我不喜欢。 They tried to catch the bird，which was impossible. 他们想抓住那只鸟，而这是不可能的。 (3)修饰一短语、句子时，也可作定语，使句子更加明确。 He came back late，by which time all the guests had already left. 他回来迟了，到那个时候所有的客人都已经走了。 I was told to go not by train but by bus，which advice I followed. 有人告诉我不要乘火车而乘汽车，我听从了此建议。
语法专练
1．I have seen the film，________leading actor is my
favourite. A．its B．that C．whose D．which 解析：定语从句修饰film，引导词在定语从句中作 leading actor的定语，表所属关系。 答案：C 2．The girl________everybody had thought could win a gold
This is the man who often helps me.(who作主语) (这就是那个经常帮助我的人) The man who you just talked to is a teacher. (who作介词to的宾语)你刚才同他谈话的那个人是个老师。
定语从句(一) 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词、数词、短语或整个
句子的句子。被修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词 后，中间要有引导词来引导，引导词要在从句中作成分。
定语从句的引导词包括关系代词(who，whom，whose， that，which，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)。
2．whowenku.baidu.com修饰“人”作宾语。可省略，但在介词后和非限制性 定
语从句中不可省略。
The doctor(who/whom)you are looking for is in the room. 你在找的那位医生在屋子里。 3．whose是who，which的所有格，作定语，修饰“人”“物” 表所 属关系。
medal failed at last. A．who B．whom C．what D．/ 解析： everybody had thought为插入语，定语从句引导 词在句中作could win a gold medal的主语。 答案：A
3．Do you think the reason________he gave is believable? A．for which B．which C．why D．for that 解析：句意为：你认为他给出的理由可信么？which作
6．as (1)在限制性定语从句中，若先行词被the same，such， as，so所修饰，从句的引导词用as，作主语、宾语。 I dislike such students as are careless. 我不喜欢那些粗心的学生。
I’ll lend you as much money as you need. 我会借给你所需要的那么多钱。 (2)作为关系代词，as可引导非限制性定语从句，修饰一短 语或整个句子，也可插在句中。 As we know，the earth goes round the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 The number of the visitors，as we had expected，was well over two hundred. 来访者的数目远远超过两百人，这是我们预料之中的。
关系副词 when(时间)；where(地点)；why(原因)作状语 (1)I still remember the day when I was born. (2)This is the house where I lived two years ago. (3)Can you tell me the reason why you did it? 定语从句中的关系副词可由“介词＋which”来代替，以上 (1)句中的when＝on which (2)句中的where＝in which (3)句中的why＝for which
gave的宾语，故用关系代词。 答案：B
4．This is the job________they laughed. A．which B．that C．at which D．at that 解析：句意为：这是个他们嘲笑的工作。laugh at表“嘲
笑……”，which作at的宾语。 答案：C
5. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks________built about 300 years ago in Beijing. A．which was B．which were C．that were D．where were 解析：定语从句修饰parks，且在定语从句中引导词作主
This is a book whose cover is blue. 这是一本封面是蓝色的书。 4. that修饰“人”“物”作主语、宾语、表语。 I want a man that/who understands English. 我需要一个懂英语的人。 He is not the man that he used to be.他已不是以前的他了。 This is the picture that I bought yesterday.
5.which (1)修饰“物”作主语、宾语。 The building which stands near the river is our school. 耸立在河旁边的那幢房子是我们的学校。 (2)修饰句子中的短语、整个句子，作主语、宾语，常引导一非限 制性定语从句，有时可插在句中。 I have to work on Sunday，which I don’t like. 我星期天得上班，这点我不喜欢。 They tried to catch the bird，which was impossible. 他们想抓住那只鸟，而这是不可能的。 (3)修饰一短语、句子时，也可作定语，使句子更加明确。 He came back late，by which time all the guests had already left. 他回来迟了，到那个时候所有的客人都已经走了。 I was told to go not by train but by bus，which advice I followed. 有人告诉我不要乘火车而乘汽车，我听从了此建议。
语法专练
1．I have seen the film，________leading actor is my
favourite. A．its B．that C．whose D．which 解析：定语从句修饰film，引导词在定语从句中作 leading actor的定语，表所属关系。 答案：C 2．The girl________everybody had thought could win a gold