虹口区2019届高考语文一模
2019年上海高三一模语文汇编(文言文一)【精校Word版】
2019 年高三一模文言文一汇编【精校Word版】宝山区(四)阅读下文,完成第15—20题。
(18分)大西洋(明)沈德符①①利玛窦字西泰,以入贡至,因留不去。
近以病终于邸上赐赙葬甚厚今其墓在西山。
往时予游京师,曾与卜邻..,果异人也。
②初来即寓香山岙,学华言读华书者凡二十年,比.至京,已斑白矣。
入都时在今上庚子年,途经天津,为税监马堂所谁何..,尽留其未名之宝,仅以天主像及天主母像②为献。
礼部以所称大西洋,为《会典》所不载,难比客部久贡诸夷,姑量赏遣还。
上不听,俾从便僦居。
③④③玛窦自云:其国名欧罗巴,去中国不知几千万里,今琐里诸国,亦称西洋,与中国附近,列于职贡,而实非也。
今中土士人授其学者遍宇内,而金陵尤甚。
盖天主之教,自是西方一种,释氏所云旁门外道,亦自奇快动人,若以为窥伺..中华,以待⑤风尘之警,失之远矣。
【注】①利玛窦(1552 —1610 ):意大利传教士,明朝万历十年来到中国。
后因病卒于北京。
②《会典》:朝廷职掌制度的书。
③琐里:古代南洋群岛上的一个小国名。
④西洋:当时将南海以西沿海各地都称为“西洋”。
⑤风尘之警:军事行动。
15.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。
( 2 分)(1)比.至京()(2)若以为窥伺..中华()16.为下列句中加点词选择释义正确的一项。
( 2 分)(1)曾与卜.邻.()A.选择邻居B.寻找住所C.占卜验证D.询问邻居(2)为税监马堂所谁何..()A.斥责B. 盘问C.何人所为D.呵护何人17.第①段画线部分断句正确的一项是()(2 分)A. 近以病终于邸上,赐赙葬甚厚,今其墓在西山。
B.近以病终,于邸上赐,赙葬甚厚今,其墓在西山。
C.近以病终于邸,上赐赙葬甚厚,今其墓在西山。
D.近以病终,于邸上赐赙,葬甚厚今,其墓在西山。
18.将第②段画线句译成现代汉语。
( 6 分)19.根据文中内容推测,利玛窦是意大利人,为何自称自己来自大西洋?( 4 分)20.根据第③段内容,概括利玛窦给中国带来的影响。
2019年高考全国语文一卷答案及详要解析
2019年高考全国语文一卷答案及详要解析1、正确答案B解析A项混淆关系,据材料第②段“只有与身处的时代积极互动,深刻回应时代重大命题,才会获得艺术创作的蓬勃生机”一句可知,“与身处的时代积极互动”与“做到以人民为中心”(“获得艺术创作的蓬勃生机”的另一种说法)是必要条件关系,而A项中的“就能”变成了充分条件关系。
C项强加因果,据第④段“一个普普通通的劳动者,或许并不是我们的读者,但……”说明两者并没有因果关系。
D项“无须考虑人民群众的娱乐和消费需求”错,过于绝对,歪曲原意,据第⑤段中“娱乐和消费也是人民群众精神文化需要的一部分”可知。
2、正确答案D解析第①段用设问的形式点明论述话题:人民是创作的源头活水,只有扎根人民,创作才能获得取之不尽、用之不竭的源泉;(提出问题)第②段说明当下时代变化超乎艺术家的想象,艺术家难以理解“更深层的东西”;(分析问题)第③段从碑文的角度切入,进一步得出“更深层的东西”指人民是创造历史的主体;(分析问题)第④段讲作家应与人民建立深切的情感关系,以人民为中心;(分析问题)第⑤段讲作家与艺术家应通过形象的塑造,凝聚精神上的认同。
最后解决问题。
所以A项是正确的。
B项,第②段是对当下创作的分析,第④段是对历史经验的总结。
所以B项正确。
C项,第③段的碑文内容是为了回答前文的“‘更深层的东西’是什么呢?”这个问题,也是“人民当之无愧是时代的英雄,是历史的创造者”的论据。
所以C项正确。
D项,第⑤段揭示了“以人民为中心,就是要坚持以精品奉献人民。
”精品就是表现“那些为美好生活、为民族复兴而奋斗的人们”,凝聚精神上的认同。
而不是简单地“正面人物的塑造”。
“我们有责任通过形象的塑造……”可见,选项中“正面人物的塑造”缩小了语义的范围。
3、正确答案D解析“少而精”错,无中生有,最后一段讲了应“坚持以精品奉献人民”,但没有讲多与少的问题。
4、正确答案A解析A项为治理工作中的脱水,不属于修复工作;B项为“清除文物和标本上的一切附着物”,属于修复工作;C项“是修补文物和标本的残缺部分”,属于修复工作。
2019年上海各区高考语文一模作文题汇编及解析
2019年上海各区高考语文一模分类汇编(作文)【松江卷2019】消费本应是为了满足人的生存需求,而如今有些消费只是为了满足人的存在需求。
对此你有怎样的认识?请写一篇文章,谈谈你的思考。
要求:(1)自拟题目;(2)不少于800字。
审题解析:①抓住关键词“消费”与“生存需求”,确定立意。
②阐释畸形消费与理性消费的各自侧重点。
③消费的真正价值是什么?【宝山卷2019】智者说,如果你想实现某种追求,最可靠的办法是让自己配得上它。
但是生活中人们往往为了心中的追求而竭尽全力,孜孜以求,无暇顾及如何让自己配得上它,这种现象普遍存在。
对此你有怎样的认识?请写一篇文章,谈谈你的思考。
要求:(1)自拟题目;(2)不少于800字。
审题解析:确定立意,抓住关键词“配得上”,即不断进步、充实自己,而不是盲求。
生活中,许多人并非因为知道自己欠缺什么,然后去弥补,而是受他人或社会的影响而做出决定。
对此你有怎样的认识?请写一篇文章,谈谈你的思考。
要求:(1)自拟题目;(2)不少于800字。
审题解析:“我想要成为什么样的人?别人眼中我是什么样的人?我实际上是什么样的人?”只有这个三个问题能达成统一时,孩子才真正地成熟了,才能在作文中正确处理自己的需求与他人或社会的影响的关系。
【徐汇卷2019】生活中,每个人都被赋予了不同的社会角色。
社会角色所蕴含的社会期待对每个人的影响也不同,每个人对此的认识也不同。
对此你有怎样的认识?请写一篇文章,谈谈你的思考。
要求:(1)自拟题目;(2)不少于800字。
审题解析:①抓住关键词“社会角色”“社会期待”,确定立意。
②区分“社会角色”及其所带来的“社会期待”。
③分析自身对其的理解,如何更好地扮演特定的社会角色。
懒,是世人眼中的一种恶习,在某些宗教的教义里,懒,甚至是一种罪恶。
但仍有不少诗人歌颂着懒,标榜着懒,唐代诗人杜甫曾说,懒性从来水竹居;宋代文人许月卿还说,平生懒意琴三叠……懒,似乎又是一种风雅的存在。
【高三一模】2019上海虹口区高三一模(含答案及听力全文)
虹口区2019学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Husband and wife. B. Secretary and boss.C. Teacher and student.D. Air hostess and passenger.2. A. On July 18th. B. On July 19th. C. On July 20th. D. On July 21st.3. A. Pastimes. B. Occupations.C. Performance skills.D. Musical instruments.4. A. Do the laundry. B. Make a promise.C. Go to the stadium.D. Clean his bedroom.5. A. He is too tired to move.B.He is willing to lend a hand.C.He suggests dining out tonight.D.He expects Marilyn to cook tonight.6. A. The man is hesitant about the offer.B.The man is not excited about the offer.C.The man is going to be a vice president.D.The man is sure he is qualified for the job.7. A. The woman can't wait to buy an iPhone.B.The woman is eager to see the new iPhone.C.The man doesn't care about the new iPhone.D.The man ordered the woman to buy him an iPhone.8. A. She showed no interest in the exhibition.B.The exhibition is unexpectedly satisfactory.C.She could not find her favourite exhibit anywhere.D.She thought the exhibition could have been better.9. A. Jane is always ready to solve problems.B.The man has already asked a favor of Jane.C.Jane is the last one who can solve the problem.D.She suggests the man should not ask Jane for help.10. A. Ellen is very worried about the reading project.B.Students don't want to spend more time reading.C.V olunteers are supposed to set aside time for reading.D.V olunteers will get free books if they fulfill the schedule.Section BDirections: Tn Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questionson each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. His childhood dream.B.The fate similar to TqbaPs.C.His experience in Pakistan.D. A sad story of a child slave.12. A. To establish a food company.B.To provide access to clean water.C.To help people get rid of poverty.D.To create impact through education.13. A. Kids should struggle for human rights.B.Kids can make a difference to the world.C.Kids are expecting too much of the world.D.Kids are too young to voice their opinions.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It looks like a van with wings.B.Not enough pilots are available.C.It needs a large space for parking.D.It can,t be reserved on the smartphones.15. A. No model has been announced a success yet.B.The Bell Nexus will be introduced to the public soon.C.Bell is cooperating with Uber in working out models.D.Boeing and Airbus have already developed new models.16. A. Air flight. B. Flight plan. C. Flying cars. D. New helicopters.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Math. B. Sports. C. Geology. D. Biology.18. A. Because he has to hand in his list of grades first.B.Because he is eager to apply for a student loan first.C.Because he has to decide which major to choose first.D.Because he has to finish some extra work for his teacher.19. A. Robert has to pay fbr his sister's education.B.Robert took different science courses in high school.C.Robert will enter the university next spring semester.D.Robert did well in academic performance in high school.20. A. Job interview. B. Major selection.C.University application.D. Academic background.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; far the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Innovations that will change the classroomsAmerican schools are going high-tech. Many symbols we still associate with classrooms and learning, like chalkboards, pens, notebooks 一even classrooms (21)一are quickly becoming outdated.As this week marks The Huffington Posfs 10th anniversary, weMltake a look at some products that (22)(introduce) to classrooms in the past decade and have the potential to change the educational landscape in the years (23) (come).1.Remote LearningSome schools are cutting down on snow days, thanks to technology. Rather than giving kids the day off (24) weather conditions are too dangerous for commuting, these schools are asking students to follow classroom lessons online.Although kids (25)(hope) for a snow day may not particularly appreciate these advancements in digital learning, online lessons allow these kids to complete their coursework and still interact with peers. Some students with medical conditions (26)"go" to school via video conferencing or even with the help of robots enabledwith video chat that they can control remotely.2.eBooksDiscovery Education has been replacing traditional textbooks with original "techbooks" for six years. These “techbooks" can also be switched to Spanish or French, Kinney said, (27)allows some parents who don,t speak English to help their kids with their homework.cational GamesTn-class gaming options have evolved to include more educational options. GlassLabcreates educational games that are now being used in more than 6,000 classrooms across the country. Teachers get real-time updates on students9 progress as well as suggestions on (28)subjects they need to spend more time perfecting.The Internet and other digital tools have some drawbacks. They're often distracting, (29) most developments have exciting implications fbr the future. Over the last 10 years, technological innovations have made education more interactive, immediate and (30)(personalize),——and have shown us the potential for more accessible and effective classrooms.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How do Cigarettes Affect the Body?Cigarettes aren't good fbr us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let's look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit (31)when we finally give up smoking.Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the (32)of infections as well as long-lasting diseases. It does this by damaging the tiny hair-like tissueswhich keep the airways clean. That's one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and (33)of breath.Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the (34)sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to (35)of blood tube walls, increasing the possibilityof heart attacks and strokes.Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous (36) ____ in the body's DNA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it's not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and (37)bones. It makes it harder fbr women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.But for those who quit smoking, there's a huge positive upside with almost (38)and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates (39). Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body's ability to repair DNA is once again restored.There's no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. But fortunately, such effects are usually (40). Advice and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette-free. Thafs good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four -words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Inc. is checking out of China's fiercely competitive domestic e-commerce market.The company told sellers on Thursday that it would no longer 41its third-party online marketplace or provide seller services on its Chinese website, . 42, domestic companies will no longer be able to sell products to Chinese consumers on its e-commerce platform.The decision marks an end to a long 43by America's e-commerce giants in the Chinese market. The firms entered the Chinese market with great attention in the early 2000s, only to 44in the face of competition from China7s faster-moving Internet giants.Amazon has been in talks to 45its e-commerce business for goods imported into China with a Chinese competitor, NetEase Inc.'s Kaola, in a stock-for-stock transaction(交易),according to a person familiar with the matter. That would remove the Amazon name from 46e-commerce in China. Neither company would confirm the progress or details of those 47, nor would they say if they are continuing.In a written statement, Amazon said it remained 48to China through its global stores, Kindle businesses and web services.Amazon China's president would leave to take on another role within the company, the company said. The China consumer-business team will report 49to the company's global team.When Amazon first entered China in 2004 with the 50of , it was the largest online seller for books, music and video there. Most Chinese consumers were using cash-on-delivery as their top form of 51. Today, Amazon China chiefly caters to customers looking fbr imported international goods such as cosmetics and milk powder and is a(n( 52player in the booming Chinese e-commerce market.Amazon China commanded just 6% of gross market volume in the(纟田分的)cross-border e-commerce market in the fourth quarter of 2018, versus NetEaseKaola's 25% 53and the 32% held by Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.'s Tmall International.Chinese consumers are becoming more fascinatedwith 54brands. In 2011, 85% of Chinese consumers said they would always buy a foreign brand over a domestic one. By 2016, 60% of respondents said they preferred domestic over foreign brands. Shaun Rein, China Market Research's founder, said American e-commerce giants 55obstacles in China because they hadn't offered the products or user experience that consumers were looking for.41. A. assist B.expand C. operate D. tailor42. A. As a result B. By contrast C. For example D. In addition43. A. criticism B. negotiation C. struggle D. resolution44. A. interact B. withdraw C. split D. survive45. A. associate B. combine C.exchange D. supply46. A. time-consuming B. long-suffering C. ever-lasting D. consumer-facing47. A. talks B. businesses C. competitions D. instructions48. A. related B. accustomed C. exposed D. committed49. A. automatically B. directly C. regularly D. secretly50. A. breakdown B. improvement C. purchase D. participation51. A. refund B. payment C. sponsorship D. trade52. A. complicated B. critical C. original D. insignificant53. A. share B. budget C. volume D. maximum54. A. foreign B. luxurious C. domestic D. fashionable55. A. dealt with B. forgot about C. got through D. came acrossSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence, or A.L, will bring about a point in history when A.I. overtakes human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us.The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, but this doesn't mean we have nothing to worry about. On the contrary, The A.T. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to fundamentally transform our world, not always fbr the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the A.I. revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed to cause a wide-scale elimination of jobs 一mostly lower-paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, too.This transformation will result in enormous profits fbr the companies that develop A.T., as well as fbr the companies that adoptit. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together: enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done?Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A.I. tools aren't good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and "cross-field" thinking. But these skills are typically required by high-paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do. More promisine are lower-paying jobs involving the "people skills" that A.I. lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen —professions requiring human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need?The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve "service jobs of love.^, These are jobs that A.I. cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, hi other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.Other volunteer jobs may be higher-paying and professional, such as compassionate medical service providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.56.In what aspect is the A.I. revolution different from the Industrial or the Computer revolution?A.The A.I. revolution will finally become one beyond human's control.B. A.I. is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.C.Higher-paying j obs will take the place of lower-paying ones in the A.I. revolution.D.It may bring about mass unemployment no matter how much employees are paid.57.The underlined word "promising" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to.A.promotionalB. demandingC. guaranteedD. potential58.What does the author suggest in the face of the A.I. revolution?A.It is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.B.People should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.C.The problem ofjob loss can be solved by creating lower-paying jobs.D.Jobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.59.Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?A.The A.I. Revolution Creates New Job Opportunities.B.Challenges the A.I. Revolution Brings to Job MarketC. A Double-edged Sword: the A.T. 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A. the HCR3 guarantees 100% refund if bought in pairs.B. it will save consumers up to $20 for a pair of hearing aids.C. humans are pre-programmed to better hear with two ears.D. people can hear triple better in various situations with two hearing aids.(C(For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarianthink 口〃如(自 由主义智囊团)whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings(B)Advanced Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid Technology Only $229!* B(*Eachwhen you buy a pair) The new Advanced HearClearHCR3 rechargeable Q-〜 hearing aid combines advanced technology with a low price to provide you with outstanding value. 5 Star Reviews! Outstanding Product! "This product is outstanding. Dad loves it, my mom loves it, and 1 am grateful! Don't believe that you have to spend a lot of money to get a quality hearing aid" -Gilmore 8. HCR3 Features!嗜力 A) MicrophoneB) Program ButtonC) Volume ControlD) USB Charging Port &Rechargeable BatteryE) Advanced DigitalProcessorF} Receiver (Speaker) G)Sound Tube Simple. Affordable*Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid - For Only $229!*The new HearClear™ HCR3 Rechargeable Digital♦ New Advanced Third Generation American Technology ♦ Easy ON / OFF Button ♦ Automatic Noise Reduction and Feedback Cancellation ♦ 100% Money Back Guarantee Even Better In Pairs! Your brain is designed to use both ears working together. In fact, studies show that you may be able tohear up to 3 times better in noisysituations when using two hearingaids. Buy a pair for the best resultsand maximum savings! ADV ANCEDof modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.Quoting successes isn't wrong, but for many people it's not persuasive. What is typically declared to be the scientific method—develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it—isn't what scientists actually do. Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn't always work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn't prove that the theory it was designed to test is true.If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the guarantee for trust in science?The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists. Until this point, scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other inadequacies. We call this process “peer review" because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of "science."Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human. But if we look carefully at historical cases where science went wrong, typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are "always changing their mmds.,, While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical^JW W (:that science produces both(新颖T生)and stability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty; transformative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.63.Distrust in science has been found because.A.scientists' citing successes isn't persuasive fbr many people to some extentB.most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of scienceC. a wide-ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some industries and think tanksD.someone's benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science64.Which of the following statements will the author agree with about a scientific method?A. A scientific method doesn't necessarily take effect because science is changing.B. A scientific method is not right because it isn't what scientists actually do.C. A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.D.True theories can produce folse results because the scientific method doesn't work.65.What purpose does "peer review" in evaluating a scientific claim mainly serve?A.The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers in the same field.B.The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding its faults or other inadequacies.C.The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in science.D.The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific journal.66.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.A.Not all the claims about the falsehood of well-established science lead to its being overturnedB.It is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears paradoxicalC.The beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and stableD.Science is not trustful because scientists always change their mindsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Is Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have stepped in. 67 In Honolulu, it's illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they've banned texting while biking.68 You need to sei仁regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things 一for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference. 69 The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and the road, and that affects performance.People sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are for too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities. A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they're studying.People don't multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. 70Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least, be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others. They need to pay attention to how much 一or how little 一they are paying attention.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 M^ords. Use your own words as far as possible.71.The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you've experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited fbr helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it's probably best if ifs something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful fbr students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive(侵入的)thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well-being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.。
2019年4月上海虹口区高考语文模拟试题卷附答案解析
2019年4月虹口区高考模拟语文试题卷一、积累应用(l0分)1.根据要求填空(1)______________,西山寇盗莫相侵。
(_________《登楼》)(2)念去去,千里烟波,__________________。
(柳永《雨霖铃》)(3)《论语》中记载,孔子和弟子在陈国遭遇粮食断绝的情况,处境狼狈。
子路因此气愤发问,孔子的回答是“______________,______________”。
2.按要求选择。
(1)下列选项中,名句使用恰当的一项是()A.“正是江南好风景,落花时节又逢君”,多年未曾谋面故人在秋风中相视而笑。
B.“纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行”,总关在书斋里是不可能真正掌握知识的。
C.王老师在课后回答同学的问题时总是那样温柔耐心,不厌其烦,真是“润物细无声”。
D.小赵的论文多从旧见,缺乏独到见解,导师给他写评语说:“言之无文,行而不远。
”(2)将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处,语意连贯的一项是()“大楼”不能取代“大师”,这是目前大家谈得比较多的,我想补充的是,“学问”不等于“精神”,__________。
学校办得好不好,除了______________,还得看___________________。
________________。
过去常说“教书育人”,不是没道理的。
①这所大学教师及学生的精神状态②好大学培养出来的学生,有明显的精神印记③办大学,必须有超越技术层面的考虑④可以量化的论文、专利、获奖等A.③①②④B.④②③①C.③②④①D.③④①②二、阅读(70分)阅读下文,完成小题。
出口铁路?留住旅客邢海洋①“春运”大幕拉开,万人挤破火车站护栏的局面没出现,却出现了一列临客只坐一位乘客的“奇葩”镜头,诸如北京到哈尔滨、到成都的“秒光”线路还有余票。
最能反映紧缺经济的“春运”大车票也供需平衡了。
全人类最大规模的人类迁徙曾被认为是“无解”的难题,中国式的产能扩张却奏效了。
但平日里这些过剩的产能,又该如何利用?②中国铁路建设大干快上,高铁的网络化成就了全国人民说走就走的旅行。
2019年上海高三语文一模诗歌鉴赏汇编(16区全,含静安黄浦)
2019年高三语文一模诗词鉴赏汇编宝山区(三)阅读下面的诗歌,完成第12——14题。
(8分)唐多令(宋)刘过①安远楼②小集,侑觞歌板之姬黄其姓者,乞词于龙洲道人,为赋此《唐多令》。
同柳阜之、刘去非、石民瞻、周嘉仲、陈孟参、孟容。
时八月五日也。
芦叶满汀洲,寒沙带浅流。
二十年重过南楼。
柳下系船犹未稳,能几日,又中秋。
黄鹤断矶头,故人曾到否?旧江山浑是新愁。
欲买桂花同载酒,终不似,少年游。
【注释】①刘过:字改之,号龙洲道人。
一生屡试不第,怀才不遇。
力主抗金,恢复中原。
②安远楼:在今武昌黄鹤山上,又称南楼。
当时武昌是南宋和金人交战的前方。
12.下列对小序理解不正确的一项是()。
(2分)A.交代了聚会的时间地点。
B.交代了参加聚会的对象。
C.交代了写作的社会环境。
D.交代了写作该词的原因。
13.下列对词作的分析不恰当的一项是()。
(2分)A.“重过”点名故地重游,今昔对比,更添凄然之情。
B. 以“能几日,又中秋”反衬出故人难以团聚的忧伤。
C. “浑是新愁”包含着忧国伤时之感与自伤身世之慨。
D. 重过、故人、旧江山、少年等前后呼应,章法谨严。
14.扣住“满”“寒”二字,赏析“芦叶满汀洲,寒沙带浅流”两句。
(4分)【参考答案】12.C(2分)13.B(2分)14.以满地芦叶、一带江水写出眼前萧瑟的景象,这里的“满”字写满眼都是枯黄的芦叶,突出景色荒凉;“寒”字将视觉转化为触觉,突出了景色凄冷;烘托了词人内心凄凉感伤的心境;为全词蒙上了一层黯淡的底色(奠定了感情基调)。
(4分。
答到一点给1分)崇明区(三)阅读下面的诗歌,完成第12-14题。
(8分)秋夜客舍(唐)杜甫露下天高秋气清,空山独夜旅魂惊。
疏灯自照孤帆宿,新月犹悬双杵鸣。
南菊再逢人卧病,北书不至雁无情。
步檐倚杖看牛斗,银汉遥应接凤城。
【注释】①凤城:指长安。
12.下列对本诗对仗情况判断正确的一项是()(1分)A.全不对仗B.两联对仗C.三联对仗D.四联对仗13.下列对作品风格评价正确的一项是()(2分)A.清新自然B.雄奇豪放C.清丽含蓄D.悲壮慷慨14.结合全诗内容,赏析“北书不至雁无情”的表达效果。
2019年上海市虹口区高三一模作文范文(Word版)
2019年上海市虹口区高三一模作文范文作文题目:懒,是世人眼中的一种恶习,在某些宗教的教义里,懒,甚至是一种罪恶。
但仍有不少诗人歌颂着懒,标榜着懒,唐代诗人杜甫曾说,懒性从来水竹居;宋代文人许月卿还说,平生懒意琴三叠……懒,似乎又是一种风雅的存在。
你对“懒”有什么样的认知?请自定立意,自拟题目,作800字文。
例文(共3篇):磨刀不误砍柴功懒,就是不去牺牲时间、精力去拼搏、去尽力。
世人因其常常导致一事无成,而将其视为恶习。
从个人来说,懒惰会使人自废“武功”。
若是一日懒于朗诵英语单词,那么他会荒废自己努力得来的技术,以致完全失去效果。
同时,“懒”意味着不求上进。
唐玄宗在盛世前懒于锐意进取,不但失去了为政的积极追求,而且因自己的贪图享乐被他人利用,给整个社会造成隐患,最终大唐由盛转衰。
诚然,懒惰背后的代价巨大,不可怠惰,但也有人视“懒”为必要的存在,大约有以下几类。
首先,“懒”能带领人远离不必要的是非,生成对局势更深的了解。
东汉末年,大小诸侯杀伐不断。
但诸葛亮“草堂春睡足,窗外口迟迟。
”正是他懒于卷入时代的洪流,才使他能于草堂静心观察局势,从而作出《隆中对》这一洞察时局的名作。
其次,工作之余的“懒”让人们发现生活之美。
王维年轻时意气风发,担任重要官职。
在疲于官场气氛后,他放弃官职,寄情于山水之中。
虽不能称其勤政有为,但他将山水诗作提升了一个高度,缘于其观察发现了自然美景,留下《山居秋暝》等名篇。
他在参政之余的“懒”造就了他融入生活之勤,亦是成功,有意义的。
还有,“懒”帮助人们修炼内心,为将来的“勤”作铺垫。
与中国人整日勤劳工作相比,法国人每年抽一个月度假,他们看似怠于工作,可他们在欣赏美景之余,能够腾出时间重新回归自己内心所需,并以此为基础有条不紊地规划着将来,致其归于工作后勤奋、高效。
此“懒”创造更长远的收获,岂是一事无成的?所以,我们过分重视了行为上的懒惰,而忽略了内心的诉求之懒意。
在当今社会中,快节奏的生活驱使着我们前进。
2019高三一模 虹口 作文题“懒是世人眼中恶习……”解析及范文
2019高三一模虹口作文题懒,是世人眼中的一种恶习,在某些宗教的教义里,懶,甚至是一种罪恶。
但仍有不少诗人歌颂着懒,标榜着懶,唐代诗人杜甫曾说,懒性从来水竹居;宋代文人许月卿还说,平生懒意琴三叠……懒,似乎又是一种风雅的存在。
你对“懒”有什么样的认知?请自定立意,自拟题目,作800字文章题目类型:评议型、思辨性。
话题词:懒题目侧重:谈你对懒的认知。
“认知”除了侧重于对自己观点、见解、看法的陈述分析。
还要有深入剖析反思。
如思考:什么是懒?世人眼中的懒跟文人诗文中的懒是否同一意思?人们为什么会懒?其实质是什么?懒有什么作用意义或危害?范文一战胜懒惰,走向成功(58分)①对于懒,我们不可全部否定。
懒,是世人眼中的恶习、原罪,不少诗人却歌颂着、标榜着懒。
懒有其存在的个人生理、心理原因及社会原因。
偷懒人人会,但由勤入懒易,有懒入勤难,所以我们要战胜懒惰,走向成功。
(由材料导入,简要分析,明确论点)②不少文人眼中的懒,是值得歌颂的。
“万物静观皆自得,四时佳兴与人同。
道通天地有形外,思如风云变化中。
”这就是一种以静观物的智慧的懒。
“坚持雅操,好爵自縻。
”这就是一种风清气正,务本求真的真正的懒,“见可欲,则思知足以自戒;将有作,则思知止以安人”这就是一种淡泊明志,无为而治的舒坦的懒。
(简析不少人歌颂的懒--原因实质)③但快节奏的现实生活中,懒癌肆虐。
起床懒得整理床铺,吃饭懒得做饭,出门懒得走路,更不用说学习、工作、生活上的各种拖延症。
懒惰使时间悄无声息地流逝,懒惰使机遇与人失之交臂,懒惰使理想与人渐行渐远。
(罗列当下懒癌现象及其危害)④面对种种偷懒行为,有的人浑浑噩噩,意识不到这是懒惰;有的人寄希望于明日,总是幻想美好的未来;而更多的人虽极想克服这种行为,但往往不知道如何下手,因而得过且过,日复一日。
但生逢盛世,肩负重任的我们,应该明确当下怎么做才能战胜懒惰。
(罗列当下人们对懒的态度做法)⑤我们要锻炼自己顽强的意志。
上海市各区2019年高三一模语文分类汇编 - 诗歌鉴赏
2019年宝山区一模(三)阅读下面的诗歌,完成第12--14题。
(8分)唐多令刘过①安远楼②小集,侑觞歌板之姬黄其姓者,乞词于龙洲道人,为赋此《唐多今》。
同柳阜之、刘去非、石民瞻、周嘉仲、陈孟参、孟容。
时八月五日也。
芦叶满汀洲,寒沙带浅流。
二十年重过南楼。
柳下系船犹未稳,能几日,又中秋。
黄鹤断矶头,故人會到否?旧江山浑是新愁。
欲买桂花同载酒,终不似,少年游。
【注释】①刘过∶字改之,号龙洲道人。
一生屡试不第,怀才不遇。
力主抗金,恢复中原。
②安远楼:在今武昌黄鹤山上,又称南楼。
当时武昌是南宋和金人交战的前方。
12.下列对小序理解不正确的一项是()。
(2分)A.交代了聚会的时间地点。
B交代了参加聚会的对象。
C.交代了写作的社会环境。
D.交代了写作该词的原因。
13.下列对词作的分析不恰当的一项是()。
(2分)A.“重过”点名故地重游,今昔对比,更添凄然之情。
B.以“能几日,又中秋”反衬出故人难以团聚的忧伤C.“浑是新愁”包含着忧国伤时之感与自伤身世之慨。
D.重过、故人、旧江山、少年等前后呼应,章法谨严。
14.扣住“满”“寒”二字,赏析“芦叶满汀洲,寒沙带浅流”两句。
(4分)(三)阅读下面的诗歌,完成第12--14题。
(8分)12.(C)。
(2分)13.(B)。
(2分)14.(4分)以满地芦叶、一带江水写出眼前萧瑟的景象,这里的“满字写满眼都是枯黄的苣叶,突出景色荒凉;“寒″字将视觉转化为触觉,突出了景色凄冾;烘托了词人内心凄凉感伤的心境;为全词蒙上了一层黯淡的底色(寞定了感情基调)。
(4分。
答到一点给1分)崇明区2019年高三一模语文(三)阅读下面的诗歌,完成第12-14题。
(8分)秋夜客舍(唐)杜甫露下天高秋气清,空山独夜旅魂惊。
疏灯自照孤帆宿,新月犹悬双杵鸣。
南菊再逢人卧病,北书不至雁无情。
步檐倚杖看牛斗,银汉遥应接凤城。
【注释】①凤城:指长安。
12.下列对本诗对仗情况判断正确的一项是()(1分)A.全不对仗B.两联对仗C.三联对仗D.四联对仗13.下列对作品风格评价正确的一项是()(2分)A.清新自然B.雄奇豪放C.清丽含蓄D.悲壮慷慨14.结合全诗内容,赏析“北书不至雁无情”的表达效果。
上海2019届高三一模考试语文试卷 含答案
第一学期期末质量检测高三语文试卷考生注意:1.本场考试时间150分钟,试卷8页,满分150分。
2.作答前,在答题纸证明准确填写姓名、准考证号等信息。
3.所有作答务必填涂或书写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域,不得错位。
在试卷上作答一律不得分。
4.用2B铅笔作答选择题,用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题。
一积累应用(10分)1.按要求填空。
(5分)(1)念去去,千里烟波,。
(柳永《雨霖铃》)(1分)(2)古之学者必有师。
师者,。
(韩愈《师说》)(1分)(3)朱自清《荷塘月色》中,以遥想故乡美景排解心中惆怅,周邦彦《苏幕遮》中类似写法的句子是,“?,。
”(3分)2.按要求选择。
(5分)(1)下列选项中,名句或俗语使用不恰当的一项是()(2分)A.小王新婚周年庆典,有朋友夸赞新娘貌美,说:“去年今日此门中,人面桃花相映红。
”B.小李学习取得一定成绩,有骄傲自满情绪,妈妈鞭策他:“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。
”C.小梅十岁生日,叔叔希望她长大不要忘父母的恩情,说:“一朝花蕾秀,十年父母恩。
”D.小张在外地工作,和同乡朋友节日相聚时充满感慨地说:“露从今夜白,月是故乡明。
”(2)将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处,语意连贯的一项是()(3分)据报道,无活动部件飞机能够飞翔是依靠一种被称为电动力推进的过程实现的。
研究人员认为,如果这种技术实现在大尺寸上的运用,那么将能够产生出更安全、更安静、更易于维护的未来飞机。
①电动力推进的概念更难以可视化②这与我们看到的无扇叶风扇所使用的概念相同。
③与典型的旋转螺旋桨推进相比,④因为它的推进过程利用了所谓的离子风A.③④②①B.①③②④C.②③①④D.③①④②二阅读 70分(一)阅读下文,完成第3~7题。
(16分)第六种自由熊培云①面对无孔不入的信息垃圾,人们将何去何从?是否需要知道那么多的东西?②全世界每年出版近七十万种期刊,六十余万种新书,登记四十多万项专利,新增期刊近万种向你源源不断地输出层出不穷的新观点;九百多万个电视台、几十万个微波通讯塔、几万个雷达站、三十多万个民用电台,以及随时在增加的移动电话和终端电脑时刻提醒你注意全球任一角落发生的大事件。
2019-2020学年上海市虹口区教育学院实验中学高三语文一模试卷及答案
2019-2020学年上海市虹口区教育学院实验中学高三语文一模试卷及答案一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面文章,完成下面小题让文化遗产与生活相遇陈凌①6月13日是文化和自然遗产日,随着这个日子日益临近,各地纷纷推出线上活动,让观众在云端就能了解和体验文化遗产的独特魅力。
②灿若星辰的文化瑰宝,是历史的丰碑,是珍贵的记忆。
漫步“海上花园”鼓浪屿,我们不一定能想象当年繁盛一时的景象,但一定能在历史风貌建筑散发的闽南韵味、南洋气息和欧陆风情中,感受到中西文化的交融交汇;置身唐代名刹大雁塔,我们可能无法复原“雁塔诗会”的盛况,但一定能在西石门楣上的线刻殿堂图中,领略唐代的盛世辉煌;走近陕西历史博物馆珍藏的“鎏金铜蚕”,我们不一定能体验到汉代鎏金工艺的精湛,但一定能在汉代养蚕缫丝之繁盛的故事中,了解先人开辟丝绸之路的伟大壮举。
放眼神州大地,人文胜迹总是满载历史,一墙一瓦都是文化,山水之中皆有故事。
我们理应像爱惜自己的生命一样保护好历史文化遗产。
③每一个文化遗产,既是历史生活的一个片段,更是民族精神的传承载体。
时间无言,但它却会通过一个个文化遗产,铭刻下历史的文脉、民族的记忆。
而凝结在文化遗产之中的文明底蕴,不仅构成了我们这个民族的文化基座,还为民族的生生不息、发展壮大提供深厚滋养。
铭记历史沧桑,看见岁月留痕,方能更好延续文化根脉。
在这个意义上,我们不应让文化遗产“养在深闺人未识”,而应让其“飞入寻常百姓家”:不仅要保护好文化遗产,更应激活其内在的生命力。
④从另外一个角度来看,文化遗产既然是“遗产”,那也恰恰说明,它与现代生活是有距离的。
如何缩小这一距离,让文化遗产不只是一件件静止的作品,而是活在当下、活在人们生活里的有生命物品,这也正是需要持续用力的地方。
这些年来,从《我在故宫修文物》《如果国宝会说话》等节日热播,到创意视频“文物戏精大会”刷屏,再到《故宫日历》、国家图书馆的《永乐大典》信笺等文创产品热销,这类文化现象也从侧面说明,做好优秀传统文化的“创造性转化、创新性发展”,不仅是激活文化遗产生命力的重要方向,也是满足人民群众日益增长文化需求的有效途径。
上海市各区2019年高三一模语文分类汇编 -现代文二
2019年宝山区一模(二)阅读下文,完成第8--11题。
(15分)识小难池莉①前天傍晚,天空静穆,晚霞明丽,西天已然跃出一颗耀眼的寒星,我喜欢在这样的时刻外出散步,便迎着那颗星星走去,悠然淡然。
半路遇上了一位男邻居,推着一辆婴儿车,也是悠然淡然,嘴角带了平秦没有的生动笑意。
这笑意引得我停留下来,俯身去看婴儿车里面的婴儿,原来是这邻居得了第一个孙子。
我一看,人就傻了。
②一个婴儿,在天地之间,端然大方地熟睡着,皮肤如此洁净细嫩,嘴唇如此新鲜红润,眉眼与鼻子,生得如此横平竖直。
我的天!刚满月的婴儿居然是这样的面目俊美啊!而且居然是这样的娇小啊!娇小得我简直不敢碰他,伸岀去的手指不知不觉又收了回来,生怕碰坏了这样娇小的俊美。
③我自己也是生育过女儿的,我自己也是从婴儿成长起来的,怎么以前我一点都没有意识到婴儿娇小成这个样子呢?而且完美到这种程度呢?我也不知道怎么才好,简直一場糊涂,散步到天黑也忘记回家。
一路走来走去,都是认真地回忆与辨识我女儿的婴儿时代,用刚才那婴儿的娇小,去证明世上所有婴儿的娇小,包括我自己的。
原来我竟然识不得生命之小呢!④邻居有一人,在二楼阳台吹笛。
想必是一个专业笛手,吹了多少年的,只是一个婉转,就把人的千般柔肠万般情感都勾引出来。
这个时候,我立在湖边了,湖水汤汤,烟波浩渺,天幕上的那颗星星一直与我对望。
这生生不息的人世啊!就是从这般的娇小开始的吗?这娇小的俊美的生命啊!爱得叫我连一个“爱”都说不出来了。
⑤最近,我在后院的菜地里撒了一把萝卜籽。
几天以后的一个清晨,我忽然发现,出萝卜苗了!可以重达公斤的萝卜,它的苗却幼小得不可思议:细长的茎纤细如发丝,孱弱地弯曲着竭力顶住两片绿色的叶,而这叶,亦小得仅仅是因为有黑色泥土才得以被衬托出来。
我连忙返回书房,取来老花镜,戴上,蹲在田头,认真端详萝卜苗。
我用手指碾碎了疙瘩又一疙瘩的泥土,轻轻培在萝卜苗的根部。
与这样孱弱的植物的小生命共处,使你感到人类的强大,感到你有满腔的恰惜。
2019虹口区高三语文一模参考答案
2018.12参答一、积累运用10分1.(1)澄江一道月分明(2)吾尝跂而望矣荀子(3)遥怜小儿女,未解忆长安2.(1)A3. 2. (2)二阅读70分(一)阅读下文,完成第3-7题。
(16分)3.动机上的善的意图/动机的善4.C、5.D6.(4分)作者引用的孔子和康德的名言的材料具有典型性1,在一个广泛的层面上【古今,中外,东西方的思想者,对世界的影响等】说明了有很多人认为动机的善最为重要1,也解释了为什么人们会将出于义务看得更重要1。
引出了下文作者对于“合于义务”比“出于义务”更重要的分析议论1。
7.首先解释什么是伪善,然后指出伪善的问题所在,并阐述了合于义务比出义务更重要的观点,接着作者论述了伪善的四种形式及其表现,进一步揭示出了伪善泛滥会造成的恶果。
然后结合社会现实和个人经历,引发青年人对于“伪善”、“合于义务”和“出于义务”的现实思考。
(二)阅读下文,完成第8-11题。
(15分)8.运用比喻的手法(1分),将充满动态的烛光火影比作小河流淌,将光与黑暗的交错比作泥金画般的绫罗(1分),生动形象地描绘出了由阴翳所形成的光影梦幻之美(1分)。
9.《草枕》中对羊羹的描写着重于羊羹所呈现的梦一样的深沉复杂的色相,突出了羊羹这种食品与西方食物相比下的独特性(1分)。
作者以羊羹与漆器相配,生动形象地写出了阴翳之美带给人的心理上的舒适与安慰(1分),强调“我们的饭菜总是以阴翳为基调,和“暗”有着割不断的关系”(1分)。
从而更加凸显了日本传统文化中对于“阴翳”之美钟爱(1分)。
10.全文在第三段从描写转入了议论。
批判有些人对阴翳之美的否定,指出阴翳之美是在日本人的思维方式和审美认知下产生的,并以夜明珠与宝石作为材料,论证阴翳是具有魅力的。
是对于全文阴翳之美的进一步肯定。
为后文的针对现实的思考议论张本。
11.(1)“电灯”是指西方的文化,“电灯熄灭”喻指先切断西方文化的影响。
(2)作者对于日本的传统文化抱着深深的热爱,能够充分认识到日本传统文化的美的特质。
上海市各区2019年高三一模语文分类汇编 - 文言文一
2019年宝山区一模(四)阅读下文,完成第15--20题。
(18分)大西洋(明)沈德符①利玛窦字西泰,以入贡至,因留不去。
近以病终干邸上赐赙葬甚厚今其墓在西山。
往时予游京师,會与卜邻,果异人也。
②初来即寓香山岙,学华言读华书者凡二十年,比至京,已斑白矣。
入都时在今上庚子年,途经天津,为税监马堂所谁何,尽留其未名之宝,仅以天主像及天主母像为献。
礼部以所称大西洋,为《会典》②所不载,难上客部久贡诸夷,姑量赏遣还。
上不听,俾丛便僦居。
③玛窦自云:其国名欧罗巴,去中国不知几千万里,今琐里诸国,亦称西洋④,与中国附近,列于职贡,而实非也。
今中土士人授其学者逼宇内,而金陵尤甚。
盖天主之教,自是西方一种,释氏所云旁内外道,亦自奇快动人。
若以为窥伺中华,以待风尘之警⑤,失之远矣。
【注释】①利玛窦(1552-1610):意大利传教士,明朝万历十年来到中国,后因病卒于北京。
②《会典》:朝廷职掌制度的书。
③琐里:古代南洋群岛上的一个小国名。
④西洋∶当时捋南海以西沿海各地都称为“西洋"。
⑤风尘之警:军事行动。
15.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。
(2分)(1)比.至京()(2)若以为窥.伺中华图谋()16.为下列句中加点词选择释义正确的一项。
(2分(1)會与卜邻..()A.选择邻居B.寻找住所C.占卜验证D.询问邻居(2)为税监马堂所谁何..()A.斥责B.盘问C.何人所为D.呵护何人17.第①段画线部分断句正确的一项是()。
(2分)A.近以病终于郾上,赐赙葬甚厚,今其墓在西山B.近以病终,于邸上赐,赙葬甚厚今,其墓在西山C.近以病终于郾,上赐赙葬甚厚,今其墓在西山D.近以病终,于邸上赐赙,葬甚厚今,其墓在西山18.将第②段画线句子译成现代汉语。
(6分)礼部以所称大西洋,为《会典》所不载,难上客部久贡诸夷,姑量赏遣还。
上不听,俾丛便僦居。
19.根据文中内容推测,利玛窦是意大利人,为何称自己来自大西洋?(4分)20.根据第③段内容,概括利玛窦给中国带来的影响。
虹口区高三语文一模卷(含答案)
虹口区高三语文第一学期期末质量抽查试卷一积累应用 10分1、按要求填空(5分)(1)锦江春色来天地,。
(杜甫《登楼》)(2),为谁流下潇湘去?(秦观《踏莎行•》)(3)姜夔的《扬州慢》中,用拟人手法表达痛恨战争的两句是“,”2、按要求选择。
(5分)(1)小明学习遇到困难,老师想写一句话来鼓励他,以下内容合适的一项是()(2分)A. 尺璧非宝,寸阴可惜B. 精诚所加,金石为开C.人无远虑,必有近忧D. 静以修身,俭以养德(2)将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处,语意连贯的一项是()(3分)程,更是一个文化积淀过程。
①而价值整合是最为基本的一种功能②任何社会中人的价值观念总会存在差异③文化具有社会整合、社会导向等重要功能④统一的文化熏陶往往能促进人们在社会互动过程中逐步形成大体一致的社会观念A. ③①④②B. ②③①④C.③①②④D.④②③①二阅读70分(一)阅读下文,完成第3-7题(16分)①在2019年7月6日召开的第43届联合国教科文组织世界遗产大会上,“良渚古城遗址”获准列入《世界遗产名录》。
②良渚古城建造于约公元前3300-2300年间,距今五千年左右。
除了世界遗产的光环,“良渚古城遗址”申遗成功令人振奋的另一层意义是,中国五千年前文明史终于得到国际承认。
③良渚申遗成功的意义,第一是古城,这个良渚王城,是中国文化的早期中心,第二是神话,形成了神话叙事的核心话语系统。
良渚文化的价值最高的是早期神话,因为王城废弃了,神话流传下来。
所以神话远比王城重要。
良渚遗址中发掘出的大量玉器物象和祭祀遗址中,有大量天地日月崇拜、龙凤崇拜的物象叙事,一直延续下来,成为中华民族的象征。
这些神话充分体现了中华民族文化的共同性与统一性。
在华夏民族的形成发展过程中,神话起到了精神滋养作用,文化认同作用,其最为突出的表现是图腾文化的认同、至上神灵的认同。
⑤中华民族有五千年历史,其实有文字记载的不过三千多年,之前还有一两千年的历史如何确认?“神话”是重要的确认方式,这里的“神话”当然不是语言的传说,而是_________________。
上海市2019届第一次高考模拟考试语文试题(答案解析)
上海市2019届第一次高考模拟考试语文试题(答案解析)一、积累应用1.按要求填空。
(1)____________,杜鹃声里斜阳暮。
(北宋·秦观《________·郴州旅舍》)(2)吾师道也,___________?(唐·韩愈《师说》)(3)柳永《八声甘州》中“想佳人妆楼颙望,误几回、天际识归舟”一句,从对面着笔抒发情感。
杜甫《月夜》中同样采用这一手法的诗句是“_________,___________。
”2.按要求选择。
下列选项中,名句使用最恰当的一项是()A. 小周毕业多年后邂逅当年同窗好友,感慨地说:“曾经沧海难为水,除却巫山不是云。
”B. 吴先生面对争强好胜、惹是生非的小孙子,谆谆教诲道:“力行近乎仁,知耻近乎勇”。
C. 郑老师深谙“不愤不启,不悱不发”之道,因此教学中十分注重引导学生自主思考。
D. 王助理的方案被领导否定,心情郁闷,同事安慰说:“夏虫不可语冰,井蛙不可语海。
”3.下面是某班主任在班会课上的讲话,以下表达最得体的一项是A. 男生寝室昨晚熄灯后聊天,希望你们既往不咎,改正错误。
B. 本周艺术节大家群策群力取得年级第一好成绩,可喜可贺。
C. 小刘同学尽管早晨迟到,但原因是他帮助邻居,值得见谅。
D. 同学们在今后的学习中有问题尽管提出,我定会鼎力相助。
二、阅读阅读下文,完成各题。
审美救赎何以可能潘知常①对于审美救赎的思考,首先当然应该是审美救赎何谓。
同时,还有另外一个重要的领域,就是审美救赎何为。
审美救赎何谓,是对于审美救赎的本体属性的回答,审美救赎何为,则是对于审美救赎的审美功能的回答。
在这回答的背后,则是对于审美与艺术的生存权、审美与艺术的尊严的回答。
当然,这也与我们过去长期以来没有很好地思考这个问题有关。
黑格尔说过一句很著名的话:熟知非真知。
无疑,这句话用在这里也是非常合适的。
显然,对于审美救赎的审美功能的思考,其实就是对审美与艺术的本原、审美与艺术之为审美与艺术的思考。
虹口区2019年秋高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测语文试题及答案【精校】.doc
虹口区2018~2019学年第一学期高三年级质量调研语文试卷(时间150分钟,满分150分)考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将自己的姓名、准考证号、所在学校及班级等填写清楚。
2.所有试题的答案必须全部涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,写在试卷上一律不给分。
答题时应注意试题题号和答题纸题号一一对应,不能错位。
一积累运用(10分)1. 按要求填空。
(5分)(1)落木千山天远大,(黄庭坚《登快阁》)(2)__________________,不如登高之博见也。
((作者)《劝学》)(3)杜甫《月夜》一诗中运用反衬手法,突出表现对妻子的思念、担忧的诗句是“__________________,__________________”。
2. 按要求选择。
(5分)(1)下列各句中,表达得体的一句是()(2分)A. 正值赵兄乔迁新居之际,小弟我无以为贺,唯有献上拙作一幅,聊供补壁。
B. 晚生垂念师恩,本该当面贺寿,无奈路途迢递,唯以贺卡一张,遥祝老师寿比南山!C. 老朽年近半百才得此千金,难免骄纵了些。
今后定当严加管教,再不唐突。
D. 听说朋友来访,王强说:“太好了,明天我一定在府上备下薄酒,恭候各位光临。
”(2)将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处,语意连贯的一项是()(3分)对观众来说,看综艺、追偶像的目的除了放松、娱乐之外,汲取正能量也是一大需求。
从《国家宝藏》等文化类综艺屡受热捧,到《最强大脑》等节目选手被视为榜样,都证明了这一点。
不仅上述棚内综艺,,,,,,。
在新一季的许多档真人秀中,我们都可以欣喜地看到明星地位正在弱化,文化与正能量输出的意识逐渐增强。
①在这个过程中正能量的传递变得更加重要②户外真人秀在这方面也应大有作为③与观众获得共鸣④户外节目能够突破舞台和场景录制的限制⑤利用生活中无穷无尽的时代素材⑥让观众在欢笑之余进行更多的自我观照A. ⑤①②⑥③④B.②④⑤③⑥①C.③②④①⑥⑤D.④②①⑥⑤③二阅读70分(一)阅读下文,完成第3-7题。
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虹口区2018学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三语文试卷2018.12考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,答案做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写姓名。
3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。
4.答题时间150分钟。
试题满分150分。
一、积累运用(10分)1.按要求填空。
(5分)⑴落木千山天远大,。
(黄庭坚《登快阁》)⑵,不如登高之博见也。
((作者)《劝学》)⑶杜甫《月夜》一诗中运用反衬手法,突出表现对妻子的思念、担忧的诗句是“,”。
2.按要求选择。
(5分)⑴下列各句中,表达得体的一句是()(2分)A.正值赵兄乔迁新居之际,小弟我无以为贺,唯有献上拙作一幅,聊供补壁。
B.晚生垂念师恩,本该当面贺寿,无奈路途迢递,唯以贺卡一张,遥祝老师寿比南山。
C.老朽年近半百才得此千金,难免骄纵了些。
今后定当严加管教,再不唐突。
D.听说朋友来访,王强说“太好了,明天我一定在府上备下薄酒,恭候各位光临。
”⑵将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处,语意连贯的一项是()(3分)对观众来说,看综艺、追偶像的目的除了放松、娱乐之外,汲取正能量也是一大需求。
从《国家宝藏》等文化类综艺屡受热捧,到《最强大脑》等节目选手视为榜样,都证明了这一点。
不仅上述棚内综艺,,,,,,。
在新一季的许多档真人秀中,我们都可以欣喜地看到明星地位正在弱化,文化与正能量输出的意识正在逐渐增强。
①在这个过程中正能量的传递变得更加重要②户外真人秀在这方面也应大有作为③与观众获得共鸣④户外节目能够突破舞台和场景录制的限制⑤利用生活中无穷无尽的时代素材⑥让观众在欢笑之余进行更多的自我观照A. ⑤①②⑥③④B. ②④⑤③⑥①C.③②④①⑥⑤D. ④②①⑥⑤③二阅读(70分)(一)阅读下文,完成3---7题(15分)小议“伪善”陈家琪①知道恶而为恶,或故意为恶,这并不是我们所要讨论的“伪善”。
真正的“伪善”,就是把出于自己主观意图的行为理解为对恶的铲除或消灭,认为只要出于主观意图,即动机上善的意图的行为,就一定是善的。
所以重要的只是动机上的善。
②我们选两个古今中西最有代表性的人物的言论来分析一下:③仁远乎哉?我欲仁,斯仁至矣。
④己所不欲,勿施于人。
⑤你要这样行动,就像你行动的准则应当通过你的意志成为一条普遍的自然法则一样。
⑥主观意志可以成为行为的客观性法则。
⑦前面是孔子的,后面是康德的,出发点和目的都是一个“己”字,都只在强调人的主观意愿的纯正,”,而不是“合于义务”。
“做买卖童叟无欺”,要“出于义务”,而使一切行为本身从一开始就“出于义务..不能仅仅理解为“合于义务”。
其实,对人性、对人的精神世界的理解,让我们确信要求“合于义务”要远好于对“出于义务”的要求。
或者说,赚钱是对的,但要有制度和规则,使那些在行为上总是“合于规则”的人总能赚到钱,越“合规则”就越发财,而违反规则就一定让你人财两空、家破人亡。
客观化的规则越强硬,越普遍,就越好。
当然,规则总是人“出于义务”而制定的,一旦制定出来,就不管你的行为出于什么动机了,只管行为本身是否“合于规则”。
做买卖你“童叟无欺”是不是出于义务,没有人管你;但时间长了,因为越合于规则就越能赚钱,“合于义务”就会在不知不觉中变成了“出于义务”。
这就说明重要的是行为本身要合于规则,而这套规则又出于义务,慢慢就变成了对每个人而言的“出于义务”的习惯。
⑧“伪善”就是只讲从行为动机上要求人,然后相信只要动机上纯正了,行为本身也就一定是善的。
最纯正的行为动机就一定是不妥协地与一切“不出于义务”的行为做斗争。
⑨黑格尔由此概括出伪善的四个形式化规定:○10第一,意图上的善决定一切,于是所有行为——批斗老师,烧书,砸烂旧世界,就都是对的,这叫从动机上把自己的恶解释为善。
○11第二,用外在的原因解释别人的动机,于是既可以把别人的善行解释成恶行,也可以把对方的恶行解释为善行;出身、历史、经历、看了什么书、听了谁的话等等都可以成为解释的理由。
○12第三,盖然论。
到底什么样的动机是善、是恶,是出于义务,最后只有靠权威的认定;于是有多少权威,也就有了多少必须“出于义务”的行为动机;权威也就是统治者的意志,大家无形中养成了“听话”的思维习惯和生活作风,直接知觉与偶然想象代替了概念与逻辑上的论述。
○13第四,最后,善与恶的界限终于消失了,人们各自选择自己的行为,然后好话说尽,坏事做绝。
无数的人由“坏人”变成好人,又有无数身居高位的“好人”变成了坏人,如此反复,终于使善恶不再有任何客观的标准,剩下的只有自己的利益与选择。
对于做买卖的人来说,自然是牟利,但由于没有规矩,没有法治,没有监督,大家也就只习惯于从道德上(也就是从动机上)对诸如三聚氰胺、毒疫苗之类的事进行谴责,而这些谴责既无效也无力,因为你只会把问题归结为道德、动机、良知、信念等主观因素,而所有应做什么、不做什么的善恶之别,只能等待着权力意志的任性解释。
○14现代世界已经从一个崇尚圣人、君子、英雄、德行、高尚、充满诗意的世界变成了一个法律与伦理世界客观化,人们只知做一个守法公民,过平庸、琐碎、乏味生活的散文时代。
在这一巨大变化中,沉湎于或自恋于个人内在的道德情感是一回事,如何让这种道德情感通过法规而具有了特殊性的规定性,从而寻找到生活的另一种安宁与闲暇,则是完全不同的另一回事。
我们这代人,五十年前,“文革”开始时,从内心到外在过的都是一种英雄、道德、崇高、让信念充满诗意的生活,对于发生在身边的种种灾难,包括那么多人的死亡与对文物古迹的极其彻底的、可怕的破坏一无所感或毫不在意。
五十年后的年轻人呢?他们可知道五十年前所发生过的一切?他们可从理论上对道德与政治、法治与权利的关系做过诸如此类的思索?作为一个在高校中已经工作了超过三十五年的老教授,听到对社会礼崩乐坏、人心不古、天良丧尽之类的道德谴责时,怎能不忧心忡忡,并在直接知觉与偶然想象中不断遭遇着“伪善”的磨难?3.第⑦段中加点的词“义务”的含义是(2分)4. 下列材料能够证明“合于义务”比“出于义务”更重要的一项是()。
(3分)A.纳粹德国为了提升本国国民素质,消灭清洗被视为劣等民族的犹太人。
B.某个美国公民为了净化美国社会刺杀某色情杂志的创刊人,致其瘫痪。
C.资本家为了赚钱的需要,不断提升产品的质量。
D.上班族为了抓紧时间,在上下地铁时奋勇向前。
5. 第⑧段画线句表达的是“伪善”者的观点。
下列能反映作者的观点的一项是()(3分)A.所有的最纯正的行为动机都是不妥协地与一切“不出于义务”地行为作斗争。
B.所有的最纯正的行为动机都不是不妥协地与一切“不出于义务”地行为作斗争。
C.所有的最纯正的行为动机是不妥协地与一切“不出于义务”地行为作斗争。
D.所有的最纯正的行为动机不是不妥协地与一切“不出于义务”地行为作斗争。
6. 第③到第⑥段引用了孔子与康德的名言,分析其作用。
(4分)7.概括本文论证思路(4分)(二)阅读下文,完成8---11题(15分)阴翳礼赞(节选)【日】谷崎润一郎①京都有一家著名餐馆,叫“草鞋屋”。
这家餐馆的客厅历来不用电灯,以点燃古老的烛台而广为人知。
日本的漆器之美,只有在这朦胧的微光里才能发挥到极致。
烛火摇曳,灯影里的饭盘、饭碗,一眼瞅去,蓦然发现这些涂漆的餐具变得幽深、厚重起来,具有先前无可比拟的魅力。
可以说,没有“黯淡”作为条件,就无法体味漆器之美。
自古以来,漆器的肌理唯有黑、褐、红,这三种颜色是一重重“黑暗”堆积出来的,可以看做是在包裹四围的黑暗中的必然产物。
漆器上泥金的豪华绚烂的画面大半潜隐于黯淡之中,催发着一种无可名状的闲情余绪。
而且,那闪光的肌理,于暗中看上去,映着摇曳的灯火,使得静寂的房间里,仿佛有阵阵清风拂面而来,不知不觉将人引入冥想之中。
假如阴翳的室内没有一件漆器,那烛光火影酿造出来的奇妙的梦幻世界,还有那闪动的光明所荡起的夜的脉搏,真不知要减损几多魅力啊!这正如榻榻米上有几条小河在流淌,水聚满了池子,随处捕捉着灯影,逐渐变得纤细、幽微、闪闪跳跃,在夜的肌肤上织造着泥金画般的绫罗。
我每次端起汤碗来,就感到掌心里承载着汤汁的重量,我最爱那新鲜而温暖的情味。
那感觉宛若手里捧着一个刚落地的婴儿胖乎乎的肉体。
汤碗至今依然使用漆器,这是很有道理的。
②我把汤碗置于面前,汤碗发出咝咝声,沁入耳里。
我倾听着这遥远的虫鸣一般的声音,暗想着我即将享用的食物的味道,每当这时,我便感到堕入了三昧之境。
这是黑暗中闪烁的烛光与漆器,合奏出来的无言的音乐所起的作用。
漱石先生曾经在《草枕》一书中赞美羊羹的颜色,这么说来,那种颜色不也是冥想之色吗?冰清玉洁的表层,深深汲取着阳光,梦一般明净,含在嘴里,那感觉,那深沉而复杂的色相,绝非西式点心所能见到。
奶酪等与之相比,何其浅薄、单调!这羊羹盛在漆器果盘里,其表面的色泽看起来明显地黯淡而深沉,同样唤起人的冥想。
人将这种冰冷滑腻的东西含在嘴里的时候,感到室内的黑暗仿佛变成一个大糖块,在自己的舌尖上融化。
哪怕是口感不佳的羊羹,这时也会平添一层特别的美味。
细想想便会明白,我们的饭菜总是以阴翳为基调,和“暗”有着割不断的关系。
③也许有人说,黯淡光线里的模糊之美不是真正的美。
然而前面已经说过,我们东方人在一些不起眼的地方使阴翳生成,就是创造美。
我们的思维方式就是如此。
美,不存在于物体之中,而存在于物与物产生的阴翳的波纹和明暗之中。
夜明珠置于暗处方能放出光彩,宝石曝露于阳光之下则失去魅力,离开阴翳的作用,就没有美。
④最近《大阪朝日新闻》有文章嘲笑大阪府官员为了开辟高尔夫球场,滥伐森林,毁坏山丘。
将深山老林里的暗影也要剥夺,简直是昧着良心造孽。
不过,这也是一种牢骚话,我也深知今天的形势很难得,不管怎么说,日本既然沿西方文化迈出了脚步,也就只好勇往直前了。
然而,我们必须觉悟,只要我们皮肤的颜色不变,我们所承担的损失将永远压在自己的肩头。
当然,我写这些的意思是,我想在某些方面,例如文学艺术等,或许也还有弥补这种损失的办法。
⑤我想,我们已经失去的阴翳的世界,至少要在文学的领域唤回来。
使文学的殿堂庇檐更深,将过于明亮的空间塞进黑暗,剥去室内无用的装饰。
不一定家家如此,哪怕先有一家也行。
究竟如何呢?姑且先把电灯熄灭看看吧。
8.赏析第①段中画线句。
(3分)9.分析第②段引漱石先生在《草枕》中对羊羹的描写的目的。
(4分)10.分析第③段的作用。
(4分)11.评析第⑤段所蕴含的思想感情(4分)(三)阅读下列诗歌,完成12--14题。
(8分)与颜钱塘○1登樟亭望潮作唐孟浩然百里闻雷震,鸣弦暂辍弹○2。
府中连骑出,江上待潮观。
照日秋云迥,浮天渤澥○3宽。
惊涛来似雪,一坐凛生寒。
注释①颜钱塘:钱塘县令颜某,名不详。
②鸣弦暂辍弹:此句暗用孔子弟子宓子贱任单父县县令时鸣琴不下堂而把县城治理好的典故,称赞颜钱塘善理政。